DOCSLIB.ORG

Northern Rock Proposal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Northern Rock Proposal APPENDIX A LA7 LEADERSHIP BOARD Governance Review Undertaken in accordance with Section 108 of the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009. Copyright © City of Newcastle upon Tyne on behalf of the LA7. 2013 All Rights Reserved eLocation: [ ] Document Owner: Caroline Winter, Project Manager Page 1 of 39 Copyright © City of Newcastle upon Tyne on behalf of the LA7. 2013. All Rights Reserved LA7 LEADERSHIP BOARD Foreword The LA7 Leadership Board shares an ambition to create the best possible conditions for growth in jobs, investment and living standards. We want to make the North East an excellent location for business, to prioritise and deliver high quality infrastructure, and to enable all the people we serve to raise their skill levels and benefit from economic growth into the future. The North East is a distinctive and beautiful place with a host of opportunities for the people who live and work here. Economic conditions, structural changes and funding cuts have each prompted us all to review both what we do and the way we do it. We have undertaken a review of the current position to see if the enhanced structures, owned by our local authorities but working on behalf of all of them could bring mutual benefits. The LA7 Leadership Board think the report is clear. There is a case for change that will bring benefits to all the people we serve and will help us to achieve greater economic prosperity for the North East. We would like to thank colleagues for their work in undertaking this review and in the preparation of this report. Councillor Mick Henry Leader, Gateshead Council Chair LA7 Leadership Board Councillor Simon Henig Councillor Nick Forbes Leader, Durham County Council Leader, Newcastle City Council Mayor Norma Redfearn Councillor Grant Davey North Tyneside Council Leader, Northumberland County Council Councillor Iain Malcolm Councillor Paul Watson Leader, South Tyneside Council Leader, Sunderland City Council eLocation: [ ] Document Owner: Caroline Winter, Project Manager Page 2 of 39 Copyright © City of Newcastle upon Tyne on behalf of the LA7. 2013. All Rights Reserved LA7 LEADERSHIP BOARD Document Control: The Document Owner is: Caroline Winter Policy Manager for the 7 North Eastern Local Authorities 7 North Eastern Local Authorities c/o Newcastle City Council Policy, Strategy and Communications Civic Centre Newcastle upon Tyne NE99 2BN e-mail: [email protected] eLocation: [ ] Document Owner: Caroline Winter, Project Manager Page 3 of 39 Copyright © City of Newcastle upon Tyne on behalf of the LA7. 2013. All Rights Reserved LA7 LEADERSHIP BOARD Contents Foreword ................................................................................................................................... 2 Document Control: ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Contents .................................................................................................................................... 4 Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... 5 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 7 About this Report ........................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Purpose of this Governance Review ....................................................................................................................................... 7 Context ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8 Legal Context ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Local Context - Our Ambition ...................................................................................................................................................... 10 Methodology for the Governance Review ......................................................................................................................... 11 2. The Area: Review of Economic Evidence ............................................................................ 12 Overview ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 The Labour Market ..................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Housing Market ............................................................................................................................................................................ 13 Sectors and Supply Chains ....................................................................................................................................................... 14 3. Current Governance Arrangements and the Case for Change ............................................. 16 Introduction to this section ..................................................................................................................................................... 16 Current Arrangements .............................................................................................................................................................. 16 Creating the right Governance for Growth ....................................................................................................................... 18 Economic Growth ........................................................................................................................................................................ 18 Strategic Funding .................................................................................................................................................................. 18 Skills ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 Inward Investment and Trade ................................................................................................................................................... 22 Transport ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 23 Other Issues and Improvements ........................................................................................................................................... 25 Summary - The Case for Change ........................................................................................................................................... 26 4. Options Analysis and the Anticipated Improvements ......................................................... 28 Introduction to this section ..................................................................................................................................................... 28 Options Analysis: ......................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Conclusions and Closing remarks .............................................................................................. 30 A Combined Authority for the North East Area .............................................................................................................. 30 An Integrated Governance Model for the North East Area ........................................................................................ 31 Appendix 1 – Draft Scheme ...................................................................................................... 32 Appendix 2 - Glossary ............................................................................................................... 38 eLocation: [ ] Document Owner: Caroline Winter, Project Manager Page 4 of 39 Copyright © City of Newcastle upon Tyne on behalf of the LA7. 2013. All Rights Reserved LA7 LEADERSHIP BOARD Executive Summary There is compelling evidence that the LA7 Area (the area covered by the contiguous local authority areas of Durham, Gateshead, Newcastle, North Tyneside, Northumberland, South Tyneside, and Sunderland) forms a functional economic market area. A review of the evidence detailing the economic structure of the region shows high levels of economic integration, in terms of the labour market (and travel to work areas), housing markets and a number of the Area’s key sectors. Further it shows a direction of travel towards further integration in the future. Economic analysis from the OECD demonstrates that strategy integration across key policy domains can deliver economic benefits at the sub-national scale in terms of sustainable economic growth and employment. It emphasises the importance of institutional capacity at the functional spatial level, a level which
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cataloging Service Bulletin 015, Winter 1982
    ISSN 0160-8029 fU- LIBRARYOF CONGRESS/WASHINGTON CATALOG SERV - BULLET - PROCESSING SERVICES Number 15, Winter 1982 Editor: Robert M. Hiatt CONTENTS Page DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGING Library of Congress Rule Interpretations 2 (LCRI) General Material Designations and Added Entries 3 2 Area 3 (AACR 2) 3 2 Discrepancies Between Versions of Name Authority Records Held Outside LC and the LC Version 3 2 SUBJECT HEADINGS Combining Religion with Particular Topics 3 3 in Subject Heading Practice Certain Changes in Geographic Headings 3 7 January-September 1980 Supplement to LCSH 9 38 Subject Heading Changes, 1975-1980 3 9 DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION 43 Editorial address: Office of the Director for Cataloging, Processing Services, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 Subscription address: Subscriber Accounts, Cataloging Distribution Service, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20541 Subscription price: $1 0.00 per year. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 78-51400 ISSN 0160-8029 Key title: Cataloging service bulletin DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGING Library of Congress Rule Interpretations (LCRI) 1.OH. Items with several chief sources of information. [Rev.]. If an item hns two or more chieE sources in difterent languages, use the chief source specified by 1.OH4)c) whenever the item contains material in two or more languages, and there is no explicit evidence what the original language is, or the item is without words (or chiefly without words). Exceptions: 1) use the chief source in the official language of the corporate body that issued the item if the body has only one official language ("corporate body" includes commercial publishers); 2) use the chief source in the official language of the country in which the corporate body that issued the item is located if the body's official language is unknown and the country has only one official language.
    [Show full text]
  • Winter Service Plan 2020
    Winter Service Plan September 2020 Winter Service Plan 2020 Contents 1. General........................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1. Key Points .............................................................................................................................................. 3 1.2. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 4 2. Policy .............................................................................................................................................................. 5 2.1. Resilient Network .................................................................................................................................. 5 2.2. Precautionary Salting Network .............................................................................................................. 6 2.3. Severe Winter Weather and Extreme Winter Weather ........................................................................ 7 2.4. Severe Weather Routes ......................................................................................................................... 8 2.5. Treatment Priorities: Triage System ...................................................................................................... 9 2.6. Footway Treatment ............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Winter Camp of the Viking Great Army, Ad 872–3, Torksey, Lincolnshire
    The Antiquaries Journal, 96, 2016, pp 23–67 © The Society of Antiquaries of London, 2016 doi:10.1017⁄s0003581516000718 THE WINTER CAMP OF THE VIKING GREAT ARMY, AD 872–3, TORKSEY, LINCOLNSHIRE Dawn M Hadley, FSA, and Julian D Richards, FSA, with contributions by Hannah Brown, Elizabeth Craig-Atkins, Diana Mahoney-Swales, Gareth Perry, Samantha Stein and Andrew Woods Dawn M Hadley, Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, Northgate House, West Street, Sheffield S14ET, UK. Email: d.m.hadley@sheffield.ac.uk Julian D Richards, Department of Archaeology, University of York, The King’s Manor, York YO17EP, UK. Email: [email protected] This paper presents the results of a multidisciplinary project that has revealed the location, extent and character of the winter camp of the Viking Great Army at Torksey, Lincolnshire, of AD 872–3. The camp lay within a naturally defended area of higher ground, partially surrounded by marshes and bordered by the River Trent on its western side. It is considerably larger than the Viking camp of 873–4 previously excavated at Repton, Derbyshire, and lacks the earthwork defences identified there. Several thousand individuals overwintered in the camp, including warriors, craftworkers and merchants. An exceptionally large and rich metalwork assemblage was deposited during the Great Army’s overwintering, and metal processing and trading was undertaken. There is no evidence for a pre-existing Anglo-Saxon trading site here; the site appears to have been chosen for its strategic location and its access to resources. In the wake of the overwintering, Torksey developed as an important Anglo-Saxon borough with a major wheel-thrown pottery industry and multiple churches and cemeteries.
    [Show full text]
  • The Winter Camp of the Viking Great Army, Ad 872–3, Torksey, Lincolnshire
    The Antiquaries Journal, 96, 2016, pp 23–67 © The Society of Antiquaries of London, 2016 doi:10.1017⁄s0003581516000718 THE WINTER CAMP OF THE VIKING GREAT ARMY, AD 872–3, TORKSEY, LINCOLNSHIRE Dawn M Hadley, FSA, and Julian D Richards, FSA, with contributions by Hannah Brown, Elizabeth Craig-Atkins, Diana Mahoney-Swales, Gareth Perry, Samantha Stein and Andrew Woods Dawn M Hadley, Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, Northgate House, West Street, Sheffield S14ET, UK. Email: d.m.hadley@sheffield.ac.uk Julian D Richards, Department of Archaeology, University of York, The King’s Manor, York YO17EP, UK. Email: [email protected] This paper presents the results of a multidisciplinary project that has revealed the location, extent and character of the winter camp of the Viking Great Army at Torksey, Lincolnshire, of AD 872–3. The camp lay within a naturally defended area of higher ground, partially surrounded by marshes and bordered by the River Trent on its western side. It is considerably larger than the Viking camp of 873–4 previously excavated at Repton, Derbyshire, and lacks the earthwork defences identified there. Several thousand individuals overwintered in the camp, including warriors, craftworkers and merchants. An exceptionally large and rich metalwork assemblage was deposited during the Great Army’s overwintering, and metal processing and trading was undertaken. There is no evidence for a pre-existing Anglo-Saxon trading site here; the site appears to have been chosen for its strategic location and its access to resources. In the wake of the overwintering, Torksey developed as an important Anglo-Saxon borough with a major wheel-thrown pottery industry and multiple churches and cemeteries.
    [Show full text]
  • Student Intake Surname Given Names 1 Citizenship Fall 2015 LIN Yung
    Student Intake Surname Given names 1 Citizenship Fall 2015 LIN Yung-Chun Taiwan Fall 2015 LEUNG Sung Hei Hong Kong Fall 2012 ABRAHAM Akshay India Fall 2015 ADIWINATA Theresa Indonesia Winter 2012 AL MAHDI Majid Saudi Arabia Fall 2015 ALNAQEH Sultan United Arab Emirates Winter 2012 ALQASSEM Marwan United Arab Emirates Fall 2013 ALSHAMSI Fares Khamis United Arab Emirates Winter 2014 AMIN Saqib Pakistan Fall 2015 ANAND Tarun India Fall 2014 AO Lin China Winter 2015 ASMARA Jildra Annisa Indonesia Fall 2015 AUNG Win Phyu Myanmar Winter 2014 AYE May Phyu Myanmar Fall 2012 MOHD AZMI Mariam Malaysia Winter 2015 BAI Chenguang China Fall 2012 BAI Yue China Fall 2013 BAO Yikun China Summer 2011 BATMUNKH Manlai Mongolia Winter 2012 BEIGI Shahriar Iran Fall 2014 BIDZHIEVA Ksenia Russian Federation Fall 2015 BINSALMA Faisal United Arab Emirates Fall 2015 BO Gin Gar Myanmar Fall 2014 BUBNOV Nikita Russian Federation Fall 2013 CAI Liming China Fall 2012 CAI Mengting China Summer 2014 CAI Pengcheng China Summer 2014 CAI Qing China Winter 2014 CAI Zhiwen China Fall 2013 CAO Fangyan China Fall 2013 CAO Ruijia China Winter 2014 CAO Yaning China Fall 2014 CAO Yiming China Fall 2015 CAO Zhengxiong China Fall 2013 CHAN Hoi Chi Hong Kong Fall 2013 CHANG Hang China Winter 2015 CHAO Hsin-Yu Taiwan Fall 2012 SINGH Chandan India Winter 2014 CHAU Venus Hong Kong Fall 2011 CHAN Yulun Taiwan Fall 2014 CHEN Bohan China Fall 2011 CHEN Chun China Fall 2014 CHEN Changzhen China Fall 2014 CHEN Guanqiu China Fall 2015 CHEN Huan China Winter 2014 CHEN Haoran China Fall 2014
    [Show full text]
  • New Name Lifelong Legacy Main Building Renamed to Honor the Carson Family P
    PRESIDENT’S REPORT 2015–16 Inside MMC MAGAZINE | WINTER 2017 New Name Lifelong Legacy Main Building Renamed to Honor the Carson Family P. 1 6 NEWS FEATURE ALUMNI PROFILES NEW YORK MINUTE CITYEDGE JILL BRIGHT ’83 4 Around Campus 18 College-to-Career 22 New Trustee columns 3 MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT 4 NEW YORK MINUTE Around Campus 12 FACULTY ACCOMPLISHMENTS 14 IN THE NEWS features 16 NEW NAME, LIFELONG LEGACY Main Building Renamed to Honor the Carson Family 18 CITYEDGE Marymount Manhattan College Announces New College-To-Career Initiative 20 UNITED NATIONS PROGRAM Prepares MMC Students to Take on the World departments 22 ALUMNI PROFILES 26 CLASS NOTES 30 IN MEMORIAM 31 A LOOK BACK IN TIME 32 LAST LOOK On Thursday, September 1, Marymount Manhattan College officially welcomed the Class of 2020 and new transfer students at the New Student Convocation, a festive event attended by hundreds of students, faculty, staff, and trustees. The event, which included the ceremonial Presentation of the Pins, was the highlight of a week of orientation activities for new students and symbolically launched the new academic year. inside this issue Full-time enrollment at the College is at an all-time high, at 1,842. The Class of FISCAL YEAR 2016 2020, numbering 535 students, ties the Class of 2008 as the largest in MMC PRESIDENT’S REPORT history. Go, Griffins! Winter 2017 | 1 MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT WINTER 2017 EDITORIAL BOARD Stephanie Policastro, Editor-in-Chief In 1948, the college whose name would become Marymount Manhattan moved st Cassie Tees, Senior Editor into the old Junior League building at 221 East 71 Street.
    [Show full text]
  • The Winter Camp of the Viking Great Army, AD 872-3, Torksey, Lincolnshire
    This is a repository copy of The Winter Camp of the Viking Great Army, AD 872-3, Torksey, Lincolnshire. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/107011/ Version: Published Version Article: Hadley, Dawn orcid.org/0000-0001-5452-5265 and Richards, Julian Daryl orcid.org/0000- 0003-3938-899X (2016) The Winter Camp of the Viking Great Army, AD 872-3, Torksey, Lincolnshire. The Antiquaries Journal. pp. 23-67. ISSN 1758-5309 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003581516000718 Reuse This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence. This licence allows you to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even commercially, as long as you credit the authors for the original work. More information and the full terms of the licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ The Antiquaries Journal, , , pp – © The Society of Antiquaries of London, doi:10.1017⁄0003581516000718 THE WINTER CAMP OF THE VIKING GREAT ARMY, AD –, TORKSEY, LINCOLNSHIRE Dawn M Hadley, FSA, and Julian D Richards, FSA, with contributions by Hannah Brown, Elizabeth Craig-Atkins, Diana Mahoney-Swales, Gareth Perry, Samantha Stein and Andrew Woods Dawn M Hadley, Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, Northgate House, West Street, Sheffield SET, UK. Email: d.m.hadley@sheffield.ac.uk Julian D Richards, Department of Archaeology, University of York, The King’s Manor, York YOEP, UK.
    [Show full text]
  • Full Issue Download
    The Journal of The Journal of Economic Perspectives Economic Perspectives The Journal of Winter 2021, Volume 35, Number 1 Economic Perspectives Symposia Minimum Wage Alan Manning, “The Elusive Employment Effect of the Minimum Wage” Arindrajit Dube and Attila Lindner, “City Limits: What Do Local-Area Minimum Wages Do?” Jeffrey Clemens, “How Do Firms Respond to Minimum Wage Increases? Understanding the Relevance of Non-Employment Margins” Price V. Fishback and Andrew J. Seltzer, “The Rise of American Minimum Wages, 1912–1968” A journal of the Polarization in Courts American Economic Association Adam Bonica and Maya Sen, “Estimating Judicial Ideology” Daniel Hemel, “Can Structural Changes Fix the Supreme Court?” Economics of Higher Education 35, Number 1 Winter 2021 Volume David Figlio and Morton Schapiro, “Stafng the Higher Education Classroom” John Bound, Breno Braga, Gaurav Khanna, and Sarah Turner, “The Globalization of Postsecondary Education: The Role of International Students in the US Higher Education System” W. Bentley MacLeod and Miguel Urquiola, “Why Does the United States Have the Best Research Universities? Incentives, Resources, and Virtuous Circles” Articles Florian Scheuer and Joel Slemrod, “Taxing Our Wealth” Daron Acemoglu, “Melissa Dell: Winner of the 2020 Clark Medal” Recommendations for Further Reading Winter 2021 The American Economic Association The Journal of Correspondence relating to advertising, busi- Founded in 1885 ness matters, permission to quote, or change Economic Perspectives of address should be sent to the AEA business EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE office: [email protected]. Street ad- Elected Officers and Members A journal of the American Economic Association dress: American Economic Association, 2014 Broadway, Suite 305, Nashville, TN 37203.
    [Show full text]
  • State of the Tyne & Wear Labour Market Report Winter 2009/10
    State of the Tyne & Wear Labour Market Report Winter 2009/10 This edition covers developments mainly in the period Oct—Dec 2009. Ref:LMR 10/1 March 2010 CONTENTS Summary and Key Points …………………… 1 §1:Employment Expectations ....……….…… 2 §2 Job Change Announcements .……..…….. 3 §3: Claimant Unemployment ………………. 4 Unemployment Forecasts, Vacancies, Change by Industry …………………………... 7 Tables of itemised Job Gains and Losses ….. 9 TWRI 1st Floor Provincial House Northumberland Street Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7DQ Tel: (0191) 277 1912 Fax: (0191) 277 1911 E-MAIL: [email protected] WEBSITE: www.twri.org.uk State of the Tyne & Wear Labour Market Report Winter 2009/10 SUMMARY and KEY POINTS are consistent with a further rise in Tyne & Wear of Labour Market Overview about 2,000 over the year to Q4 – which would take it to about 40,000. This is similar to the January total. In the 3 months to December 2009 all three of Tyne & Wear’s labour market indicators improved; surveys, press reports of jobs and, remarkably, claimant unemployment fell (partly seasonally) by Unemployment a few hundred. Caution: the fall in claimant unemployment to December was small and Over the 9 months to January, claimant temporary; it was reversed in January by a rise of unemployment rose in all Districts (by hundreds) about 2,400 or about 700 more than ‘normal’ except in Sunderland (down over 400). The rises seasonal rise1. were fastest in Newcastle and North Tyneside, perhaps indicating some modest spread of losses to 1 TW firms reported in the Q4 survey2 much the services sector. Sunderland has been smaller workforce reductions in services rebounding from its earlier steeper fall into recession.
    [Show full text]
  • 3.4.2 Winter Plan Update
    Report to Governing Body CCGs applicable to NHS Brighton and Hove Clinical Commissioning Group NHS East Sussex Clinical Commissioning Group NHS West Sussex Clinical Commissioning Group Meeting date 06 October 2020 Report title Winter Plan update Report from Pennie Ford, Executive Managing Director, West Sussex CCG Clinical lead NA Report author Isabella Davis-Fernandez, Head of System Resilience, Sussex CCGs Item number 3.4.2 Recommendation/action required: This report is for assurance. The Governing Body is asked to note the update on the draft Sussex Health and Care Partnership Winter Plan 2020-21 being submitted to NHS England and NHS Improvement on 1 October 2020. Executive summary 1. Introduction This paper provides an update on the plans that have been developed across the Sussex Health Care Partnership (SHCP) to prepare for this winter in order to ensure system resilience, maintain patient safety and to deliver operational performance over the winter period. This year’s winter planning also takes into account the need to deliver phase three restoration and recovery trajectories in addition to the system’s ability to respond to Covid-19 surge. 2. Executive Summary This paper sets out a high-level summary of resilience plans across the Sussex SHCP for this winter covering the following key elements: • A summary of the SHCP Local Accident and Emergency Delivery Board (LAEDB) winter plans and system wide plans. • An overview of winter system capacity and demand plans that have been developed using a standardised approach and taking into account potential Covid-19 surge, alongside a summary of outstanding risks and mitigating actions being taken.
    [Show full text]
  • Tyne & Wear Archives & Museums Acquisition and Disposal Policy For
    Tyne & Wear Archives & Museums Acquisition and Disposal Policy for museums and galleries 1 Table of Contents Page 1. Tyne & Wear Archives & Museums’ statement of 5 purpose 2. Existing collections, including the subjects or themes and the periods of time and /or geographic areas to 5 which the collections relate 3. Criteria governing future acquisition policy including the subjects or themes, periods of time and/or 5 geographic areas and any collections which will not be subject to further acquisition 4. Limitations on collecting 6 5. Collecting policies of other museums 6 6. Policy review procedure 7 7. Acquisitions not covered by the policy 7 8. Acquisition procedures 7 9. Spoliation 8 10. The Repatriation and Restitution of objects and human 8 remains 11. Management of archives in museums 9 12. Disposal procedures 9 Disposal preliminaries 9 Motivation for disposal and method of disposal 9 The disposal decision-making process 9 Responsibility for disposal decision-making 10 Use of proceeds of sale 10 Disposal by gift or sale 10 Disposal by exchange 11 Documenting disposal 11 Appendix A: TWAM Collection Information 12 1 Collection: Archaeology 12 1.1 Existing collections 12 1.1.1 South Tyneside 12 1.1.2 North Tyneside 12 1.1.3 Newcastle 12 1.2 Criteria governing future acquisition policy 12 1.3 Collecting policies of other museums 14 2 Collection: Maritime 15 2.1 Existing collections 15 2.2 Criteria governing future acquisition policy 16 2.3 Collecting policies of other museums 18 3 Collection: Social History 19 3.1 Existing collections
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of the Winter of 1962/63 on the British Marine Fauna
    The effects of the winter of 1962/63 on the British marine fauna DENNIS J. CRisP Marine Science Laboratories, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, U. K. KURZFASSUNG: Die Wirkungen des Winters 1962/63 auf die Britische Meeresfauna. W~ih- rend des ungewShnlich kalten Winters 1962/63 herrschten die niedrigsten Temperaturen an der Stidostkilste Groi~britanniens. Die grSflten negativen Anomalien dagegen wurden an den Kiisten yon Hampshire und Dorset, im Bristol-Kanal und in Teilen yon Nor&Wales fest- gestellt. Die nSrdlichen Formen wurden im allgemeinen nicht ernstlich beeintrilchtigt, aber einige keltische und siidliche Formen erlitten sehr hohe Verluste im Bereich der Gezeitenzone, insbesondere in mehr oder minder abgeschlossenen Buchten im Gebiet der oben erwiihnten Lokalifiiten. Bei den siidlichen Formen der exponierten Kiisten der westlichen Vorgebirge war die Sterblichkeit relativ gering; marine Algen wurden ebenfalls nur wenig gesch~idigt. Der Tod trat nicht nur als direkte Folge der K~ilteeinwirkung auf die Gewebe ein, sondern wurde auch durch die zu welt gehende Herabsetzung der Aktivit~it (etwa unzureichende Zilienaktivit~it zur Entfernung sedimentierender Schlammpartikel, mangelnde Anhaftungsf~ihigkeit an die Felsoberfl~iche oder ungentigendes EingrabungsvermSgen) verursacht. Selbst in Situationen, in denen hohe Sterblichkeitsraten auftraten, iiberlebten im allgemeinen einige wenige (vielteicht resistentere) Individuen in giinstigen Habitaten, so dag die Verbreitungsgrenzen nur gering- fiigig beeinfluflt wurden. Bei vMen Litoralformen spielte zudem ein adaptives Verhalten eine wichtige Rolle Rir das erfolgreiche 13berstehen der Kiilteperiode. CONDITIONS IN BRITAIN DURING JANUARY AND FEBRUARY 1963 From late December 1962 until late February 1963 air temperatures over a large part of southern England averaged between 5 and 60 C below the seasonal average.
    [Show full text]