Normal Fibronectin Levels As a Function of Age in the Pediatric Population
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Tests for the Evaluation of Preterm Labor and Premature Rupture of Membranes
Medical Coverage Policy Effective Date ............................................. 7/15/2021 Next Review Date ....................................... 7/15/2022 Coverage Policy Number .................................. 0099 Tests for the Evaluation of Preterm Labor and Premature Rupture of Membranes Table of Contents Related Coverage Resources Overview .............................................................. 1 Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Diagnosis and Treatment Coverage Policy ................................................... 1 Ultrasound in Pregnancy (including 3D, 4D and 5D General Background ............................................ 2 Ultrasound) Medicare Coverage Determinations .................. 13 Coding/Billing Information .................................. 13 References ........................................................ 15 INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE The following Coverage Policy applies to health benefit plans administered by Cigna Companies. Certain Cigna Companies and/or lines of business only provide utilization review services to clients and do not make coverage determinations. References to standard benefit plan language and coverage determinations do not apply to those clients. Coverage Policies are intended to provide guidance in interpreting certain standard benefit plans administered by Cigna Companies. Please note, the terms of a customer’s particular benefit plan document [Group Service Agreement, Evidence of Coverage, Certificate of Coverage, Summary Plan Description (SPD) or similar plan document] may differ -
Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) As an Early Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) as an Early Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Xianqin Qu 1,* and Richard Donnelly 2 1 School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia 2 School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-2-95147852 Received: 1 October 2020; Accepted: 28 October 2020; Published: 1 November 2020 Abstract: Human sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a glycoprotein produced by the liver that binds sex steroids with high affinity and specificity. Clinical observations and reports in the literature have suggested a negative correlation between circulating SHBG levels and markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance. Decreased SHBG levels increase the bioavailability of androgens, which in turn leads to progression of ovarian pathology, anovulation and the phenotypic characteristics of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). This review will use a case report to illustrate the inter-relationships between SHBG, NAFLD and PCOS. In particular, we will review the evidence that low hepatic SHBG production may be a key step in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Furthermore, there is emerging evidence that serum SHBG levels may be useful as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for managing women with PCOS. Keywords: adolescents; hepatic lipogenesis; human sex hormone-binding globulin; insulin resistance; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; polycystic ovary syndrome 1. Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex, common reproductive and endocrine disorder affecting up to 10% of reproductive-aged women [1]. -
Neoplastic Transformation Inactivates Specific Trans-Acting Factor(S
Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 85, pp. 1744-1748, March 1988 Biochemistry Neoplastic transformation inactivates specific trans-acting factor(s) required for the expression of the thyroglobulin gene (differentiation/DNA-protein interaction/thyroglobufln) V. ENRICO AVVEDIMENTO*tt, ANNAMARIA MUSTI*, ALFREDO Fusco*, MARCO J. BONAPACE*, AND ROBERTO Di LAURO§¶ *Centro di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerce, Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Molecolare, II Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universita di Napoli, Naples, Italy; and fLaboratory of Biochemistry, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 Communicated by Maxine F. Singer, October 5, 1987 (receivedfor review February 18, 1987) ABSTRACT The expression of rat thyroglobulin gene is sible for the block of the thyroglobulin expression in trans- repressed following the transformation ofrat thyroid cells with formed thyroid cells. Kirsten murine sarcoma virus. The expression of a reporter We report here data on the expression of the reporter gene gene fused to the thyroglobulin promoter is down-regulated in for chloramphenicol acetyl transferase fused to the Tg pro- transformed thyroid cells in transient or in stable transfection moter, designated Tg P-CAT gene, in transformed cells assays. DNase and exonuclease HI cleavage-protection analysis either in transient or in stable transfection assays. We show: reveals that a promoter binding activity located at -60 base (i) that this marker is down-regulated in transformed thyroid pairs from the transcription start site is substantially reduced cells; (ii) that a specific Tg promoter binding activity is in transformed thyroid cells. The repression in the trans- substantially reduced upon transformation; and (iii) that the formed cells of the reporter gene joined to the thyroglobulin Tg P-CAT gene in transformed cells can be reactivated by promoter can be reversed by fusion with normal differentiated fusion with a normal differentiated thyroid cell. -
Conalbumin More Resistant to Proteolysis and Ther- the Use Of
IRON AND PROTEIN KINETICS STUDIED BY MEANS OF DOUBLY LABELED HUMAN CRYSTALLINE TRANSFERRIN * BY JAY H. KATZ (From the Radioisotope and Medical Services of the Boston Veterans Administration Hospital, and the Dept. of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass.) (Submitted for publication June 16, 1961; accepted August 10, 1961) Although proteins isotopically labeled with io- demonstrated that not only is the iron complex of dine have been used in tracer studies for some conalbumin more resistant to proteolysis and ther- years, interest has been mainly focused on their mal denaturation than the metal-free protein, but distribution and degradation in the body. While it that it is possible to maintain the iron-binding ca- is often possible to produce iodoproteins whose pacity of the former after extensive iodination. physical and chemical properties are not grossly Since both iron and transferrin levels are af- altered, the possible effects of iodination on the fected in a variety of disease states, a technique functional properties of such substances in a in which both can be followed simultaneously in physiologic setting have been less thoroughly in- vivo should prove valuable. Elmlinger and co- vestigated. That it is possible to trace label pro- workers (18) have reported in abstract form on teins without significantly reducing their biologi- the use of doubly labeled "iron-binding globulin" cal activities has been demonstrated in the case of in human subjects, but few details were given as insulin (2) and certain anterior pituitary hor- to the methods of preparation and the distribution mones (3, 4). of the two labels. -
Intradiscal Injection of an Autologous Alpha-2-Macroglobulin (A2M) Concentrate Alleviates Back Pain in FAC-Positive Patients
Orthopedics and Rheumatology Open Access Journal ISSN: 2471-6804 Research Article Ortho & Rheum Open Access Volume 4 Issue 2 - January 2017 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Pasquale X Montesano MD DOI: 10.19080/OROAJ.2017.04.555634 Intradiscal Injection of an Autologous Alpha-2- Macroglobulin (A2M) Concentrate Alleviates Back Pain in FAC-Positive Patients Pasquale X Montesano MD, *Jason M Cuellar MD, PhD, Gaetano J Scuderi MD 1Spine Surgeon, Montesano Spine and Sport, USA 2Spine surgeon, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, USA 3Spine surgeon, USA Submission: December 14, 2016; Published: January 03, 2017 *Corresponding author: Tel: ; Email: Jason M. Cuéllar MD, PhD, 450 N. Roxbury Drive, 3rd floor, Beverly Hills, CA 90210, Abstract Objectives: A cartilage degradation product, the Fibronectin-Aggrecan complex (FAC), has been identified in patients with degenerative disc disease (DDD). Alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) can prevent the formation of the G3 domain of aggrecan, reducing the fibronectin-aggrecan G3 complex and therefore may be an efficacious treatment. The present study was designed to determine a.b. The ability of autologousFAC to predict concentrated the response A2M to tothis relieve biologic back therapy. pain in patients with LBP from DDD and Study design/setting: Prospective cohort Patients: Main Outcome 24 patients Measurements: with low back pain and MRI-concordant DDD Oswestry disability index (ODI) and visual analog scores (VAS) were noted at baseline and at 3- and 6-month follow-up.Methods: Primary outcome of clinical improvement was defined as patients with both a decrease in VAS of at least 3 points and ODI >20 points. -
Protein Analysis Reveals Differential Accumulation of Late
The following article appeared in BMC Plant Biology, 19: 59 (2019); and may be found at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-1656-7 This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Bojórquez-Velázquez et al. BMC Plant Biology (2019) 19:59 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-1656-7 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Protein analysis reveals differential accumulation of late embryogenesis abundant and storage proteins in seeds of wild and cultivated amaranth species Esaú Bojórquez-Velázquez1, Alberto Barrera-Pacheco1, Eduardo Espitia-Rangel2, Alfredo Herrera-Estrella3 and Ana Paulina Barba de la Rosa1* Abstract Background: Amaranth is a plant naturally resistant to various types of stresses that produces seeds of excellent nutritional quality, so amaranth is a promising system for food production. Amaranth wild relatives have survived climate changes and grow under harsh conditions, however no studies about morphological and molecular characteristics of their seeds are known. Therefore, we carried out a detailed morphological and molecular characterization of wild species A. powellii and A. hybridus, and compared them with the cultivated amaranth species A. hypochondriacus (waxy and non-waxy seeds) and A. cruentus. Results: Seed proteins were fractionated according to their polarity properties and were analysed in one- dimensional gel electrophoresis (1-DE) followed by nano-liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS). A total of 34 differentially accumulated protein bands were detected and 105 proteins were successfully identified. Late embryogenesis abundant proteins were detected as species-specific. -
Glycosylated Fibronectin As a First-Trimester Biomarker for Prediction of Gestational Diabetes
Glycosylated Fibronectin as a First-Trimester Biomarker for Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Juha P. Rasanen, MD, PhD, Caryn K. Snyder, MPH, Paturi V. Rao, MD, PhD, Raluca Mihalache, MPHN, Seppo Heinonen, MD, PhD, Michael G. Gravett, MD, Charles T. Roberts Jr, PhD, and Srinivasa R. Nagalla, MD OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential clinical utility of and placental lactogen were significantly associated serum biomarkers for first-trimester prediction of gesta- (P,.001) with GDM. After adjustment for maternal fac- tional diabetes mellitus (GDM). tors and other biomarkers, glycosylated fibronectin dem- METHODS: Maternal serum concentrations of glycosy- onstrated an independent association with GDM , lated (Sambucus nigra lectin–reactive) fibronectin, adipo- (P .001). Adiponectin, high-sensitivity CRP, and placental nectin, sex hormone–binding globulin, placental lactogen, lactogen demonstrated modest classification perfor- and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) were mea- mance compared with glycosylated fibronectin (respec- sured at 5–13 weeks of gestation in a case-control study of tively: area under the curve [AUC] 0.63; 95% confidence 90 pregnant women with subsequent development of interval [CI] 0.53–0.71; AUC 0.68; 95% CI 0.60–0.76; and GDM and in 92 control group participants. Ability to AUC 0.67, 95% CI 0.59–0.75; compared with AUC 0.91; detect GDM was assessed using logistic regression mod- 95% CI 0.87–0.96). Glycosylated fibronectin levels above eling and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. a threshold of 120 mg/L correctly identified 57 GDM case Classification performance and positive and negative pre- group participants with a positive predictive value of dictive values were reported at specific thresholds. -
Laboratory Testing for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (AATD)
NATIONAL LABORATORY HANDBOOK Laboratory Testing for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (AATD) Document reference CSP033/2019 Document developed by National Clinical Programme number for Pathology Revision number Version 1. Document approved by National Clinical Programme for Pathology. Clinical Advisory Group for Pathology. National Clinical Advisor and Group Lead. Approval date 09/2019 Responsibility for Acute Hospital Division implementation Next Revision date 09/2022 Responsibility for review National Clinical Programme and audit for Pathology Table of Contents Key Recommendations for Clinical Users .......................................................................... 3 Key Recommendations for Laboratories ............................................................................ 3 Background & Epidemiology .............................................................................................. 4 Who to Test ....................................................................................................................... 4 Specimen and Ordering Information .................................................................................. 6 How to Test ....................................................................................................................... 6 Interpretation of tests ......................................................................................................... 7 Quality .............................................................................................................................. -
Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Phenotypes in Patients with Renal Arterial Fibromuscular Dysplasia
Journal of Human Hypertension (2000) 14, 91–94 2000 Macmillan Publishers Ltd All rights reserved 0950-9240/00 $15.00 www.nature.com/jhh ORIGINAL ARTICLE Alpha-1-antitrypsin phenotypes in patients with renal arterial fibromuscular dysplasia A Bofinger, C Hawley, P Fisher, N Daunt, M Stowasser and R Gordon Hypertension Unit, University of Queensland Department of Medicine, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia ␣ Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a significant cause of one (1.2%) PiSZ), suggesting that 1-AT deficiency is renal artery stenosis, especially in young females. A not a common aetiological factor in renal arterial FMD. ␣ ␣ rare association between FMD and 1-antitrypsin ( 1- However, despite FMD being three times less common ␣ AT) deficiency has been reported. We compared the 1- in males than females, and carotid artery dissection AT phenotype distribution in 83 patients with renal being a rare occurrence, a male with PiMS deficiency arterial FMD with those published for Australian popu- phenotype presented with internal carotid artery dissec- ␣ lations. 1-AT phenotyping was performed by isoelectric tion and had bilateral renal artery FMD. Further, a patient focusing between pH 4.2 and pH 4.9 on polyacrylamide with PiSZ deficiency phenotype was one of two sisters gels with PiM1M2, PiFM (non-deficiency alleles), PiMS with FMD and was more severely affected than her PiMM and PiMZ (deficiency alleles) markers. Following pheno- normal phenotype sibling. These two patients from the ␣ typing, 1-AT genotyping was performed in 10 patients present series together with nine culled from the litera- ␣ to confirm the presence of S and/or Z alleles. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,518,244 B2 Cardin Et Al
USOO651824.4B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,518,244 B2 Cardin et al. (45) Date of Patent: Feb. 11, 2003 (54) COMBINATIONS OF HEPARIN COFACTOR OTHER PUBLICATIONS II AGONIST AND PLATELET IIB/IIIA Nicolini et al. Chem. Abst. 121:170,096 (1994).* ANTAGONIST, AND USES THEREOF Pavao et al., “A Unique Dermatan Sulfate-Like Glycosami noglycan from Ascidian,” J. Biol. Chem., (Dec. 29, 1995) (75) Inventors: Alan D. Cardin, Cincinnati, OH (US); 270(52):31027-31036. Cornelius L. Van Gorp, Springboro, Pouplard et al., “Antibodies to Platelet Factor 4-Heparin OH (US) After Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Patients Anticoagulated with Unfractionated Heparin or a Low Molecular Weight (73) Assignee: IntimaX Corporation, Cincinnati, OH Heparin:clinical Implications for Heparin-Induced Throm (US) bocytopenia.” Circulation (1999) 99:2539-2536. Prandoni et al., “Dermatan Sulfate: a Safe Approach to Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Prevention of Postoperative Deep Vein Thrombosis,” Br. J. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 Surg. (1992) 79(6):505–509. U.S.C. 154(b) by 57 days. Adgey, “Bleeding Complications with New Antithrombotics Used in Ischemic Heart Disease,” Haemostasis (1996) 26(5):237-246. Agnelli et al., “A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Con (21) Appl. No.: 09/802,775 trolled Trial of Dermatan Sulphate for Prevention of Deep (22) Filed: Mar. 9, 2001 Vein Thrombosis in Hip Fracture.” Thromb. Haemostas. (1992) 67:203-208. (65) Prior Publication Data Agnelli, “New Antithrombins and Nonheparin Glycosami noglycans in Clinical Development,” Vessels (1995) 1:9-16. US 2001/0036932 A1 Nov. 1, 2001 Ali et al., “Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Following Admin istration of Tirofiban or Abciximab: a Nemesis of Platelet Related U.S. -
The Fibronectin ED-A Domain Enhances Recruitment of Latent TGF
© 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Cell Science (2018) 131, jcs201293. doi:10.1242/jcs.201293 RESEARCH ARTICLE The fibronectin ED-A domain enhances recruitment of latent TGF-β-binding protein-1 to the fibroblast matrix Franco Klingberg1,*, Grace Chau1,*, Marielle Walraven1, Stellar Boo1, Anne Koehler1, Melissa L. Chow1, Abby L. Olsen2, Michelle Im1, Monika Lodyga1, Rebecca G. Wells2, Eric S. White3 and Boris Hinz1,‡ ABSTRACT activation from a variety of different precursor cells: (1) the Dysregulated secretion and extracellular activation of TGF-β1 presence of a mechanically resistant ECM (Arora et al., 1999; Li β ̀ stimulates myofibroblasts to accumulate disordered and stiff et al., 2017), (2) biologically active TGF- 1(Desmouliere et al., extracellular matrix (ECM) leading to fibrosis. Fibronectin 1993) and (3) extradomain-A (ED-A)-containing fibronectin (FN; immobilizes latent TGF-β-binding protein-1 (LTBP-1) and thus also known as FN1) (hereafter denoted ED-A FN) (Serini et al., β stores TGF-β1 in the ECM. Because the ED-A fibronectin splice 1998). However, it is still unclear how TGF- 1 and mechanical stress variant is prominently expressed during fibrosis and supports collaborate with ED-A FN to promote myofibroblast activation. myofibroblast activation, we investigated whether ED-A promotes Fibroblasts cultured from different organs and species have been β LTBP-1–fibronectin interactions. Using stiffness-tuneable substrates shown to activate latent TGF- 1 from stores in the ECM by a for human dermal fibroblast cultures, we showed that high ECM process that requires cell contraction and a sufficiently stressed stiffness promotes expression and colocalization of LTBP-1 and ED- ECM (Hinz, 2015; Sarrazy et al., 2014; Wipff et al., 2007). -
Haptoglobin-Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Complex As a Biomarker for Acute Inflammation in Cattle
Haptoglobin-Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Complex as a Biomarker for Acute Inflammation in Cattle THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Charles Austin Hinds D.V.M Graduate Program in Veterinary Clinical Sciences The Ohio State University 2011 Master's Examination Committee: Jeffrey Lakritz, Advisor Andrew Niehaus Christopher Premanandan Paivi Rajala-Schultz D. Michael Rings Copyrighted by Charles Austin Hinds 2011 Abstract Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a major cause of economic loss in feedlots in the United Sates. These losses are associated not only with morbidity and mortality, but also the expense of using antimicrobial drugs unnecessarily. One of the recurring problems is the inability to diagnose and therefore treat respiratory disease appropriately. An Hp-MMP 9 protein complex has been identified in neutrophil granules and in the serum of cattle with acute bacterial sepsis. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the utility of an Hp-MMP 9 complex ELISA in the diagnosis of acute septic inflammation in cattle. Three experiments were performed. The first experiment was designed to determine whether Hp-MMP 9 could be used in the prediction of BRD in calves recently admitted to feedlots. Using health, treatment and weight gain data, our aim was to determine whether Hp-MMP 9 could predict which calves would be identified with clinical respiratory disease and would require therapy in the days following sample collection. We compared serum concentrations of Hp to Hp-MMP 9 to assess how well the complex performed in these animals.