DOCSLIB.ORG

Congressional Record—Senate S6364

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Congressional Record—Senate S6364 S6364 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE June 13, 2005 Mr. FRIST. Mr. President, I ask These three men, driven by their en- can become a better people by cele- unanimous consent to speak as in trepreneurial energy, opened a small brating the glories of our past—but morning business for what time is re- grocery store that catered primarily to also our imperfections. That includes quired. African Americans. They took business continuing to do our utmost to protect The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without away from nearby White business own- voting rights for all Americans. objection, it is so ordered. ers. Driven by hatred and jealousy, by Mr. President, I yield the floor and f rage and prejudice, an angry White suggest the absence of a quorum. mob stormed their store. Acting in The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- A FAILING OF THE SENATE self-defense, Wells’ three friends fired pore. The clerk will call the roll. Mr. FRIST. Mr. President, in 45 min- on the rioters. The police arrested the The bill clerk proceeded to call the utes or so, we will be turning to an im- grocers for defending themselves. The roll. portant issue which people have spoken mob kidnapped all three from jail, and Ms. LANDRIEU. Mr. President, I ask to over the course of the day, an issue all three were murdered in the Mem- unanimous consent that the order for we will be spending the evening on. It phis streets. the quorum call be rescinded. is an issue that is one of the worst These brutal murders galvanized The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. failings of this institution in our his- Wells into action. Her righteous anger, CHAFEE). Without objection, it is so or- tory, a failing surrounding a refusal to blistering editorials, and strong sense dered. act on our part against lynching, of justice further enraged Memphis big- Ms. LANDRIEU. I ask unanimous against vigilantism, against mob mur- ots. They burned her newspaper presses consent that the debate time on the der. It has been a shame in many ways. and threatened to murder her. Wells Griffith nomination be yielded back We have to be careful when we use that moved to Chicago and became one of and the Senate proceed to legislative word, but when we look at the reality that city’s leading social crusaders. session in order to consider S. Res. 39. of missed opportunities to act, we can, Wells’ book ‘‘Southern Horrors: Lynch The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without with justification, use the word Law in All Its Phases’’ and her dogged objection, it is so ordered. ‘‘shame’’ on the institution and a investigative reporting exposed mil- f shame on Senators who didn’t just fail lions of Americans to the brutality of to act but deliberately kept the Senate lynching. In a nation rife with racism LEGISLATIVE SESSION and the whole of the Federal Govern- and prejudice, Ida Wells and her col- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under ment from acting and from acting leagues began the civil rights move- the previous order, the Senate will now proactively. ment. They helped bring us integra- return to legislative session. Although deep scars will always re- tion. They paved the way for equality. f main, I am hopeful we will begin to And they taught all of us that racism heal and help close the wounds caused is a terrible evil. APOLOGIZING TO LYNCHING VIC- by lynching. Four out of five lynch After many years of struggle, after TIMS AND THEIR DESCENDANTS mob victims were African American. many setbacks, and after much heart- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The practice followed slavery as an ache, they won. From President Tru- clerk will report the resolution by ugly expression of racism and preju- man’s Executive order ending segrega- title. dice. In the history of lynching, mobs tion in the Armed Forces to the 1964 The bill clerk read as follows: murdered more than 4,700 people. Near- Civil Rights Act, a series of civil rights A resolution (S. Res. 39) apologizing to the ly 250 of those victims were from my laws moved the Nation toward legal victims of lynching and the descendants of State of Tennessee. Very few had com- equality. those victims for the failure of the Senate to mitted any sort of crime whatsoever. But no civil rights law is as impor- enact anti-lynching legislation. Lynching was a way to humiliate, to tant to our Nation’s political process Ms. LANDRIEU. Mr. President, I ask repress, to dehumanize. as the 1965 Voting Rights Act. unanimous consent that the clerk pro- The Senate disgracefully bears some It enfranchised millions of African- ceed with the reading of the resolution. of the responsibility. Between 1890 and American voters and it brought many The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without 1952, seven Presidents petitioned Con- black politicians into office. objection, it is so ordered. gress to ban lynching. In those same 62 Section 4 of the Voting Rights Act The bill clerk read as follows: years, the House of Representatives will be up for reauthorization in 2007. Whereas the crime of lynching succeeded passed three antilynching bills. Each President Reagan signed into law a 25- slavery as the ultimate expression of racism bill died in the Senate, and the Senate year reauthorization in 1982. in the United States following Reconstruc- made a terrible mistake. Section 4 contains a temporary tion; The tyranny of lynch mobs created preclearance provision that applies to Whereas lynching was a widely acknowl- an environment of fear throughout the Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mis- edged practice in the United States until the American South. Lynching took inno- sissippi, South Carolina, Texas, Vir- middle of the 20th century; cent lives. It divided society, and it ginia, and parts of Alaska, Arizona, Ha- Whereas lynching was a crime that oc- thwarted the aspirations of African curred throughout the United States, with waii, Idaho, and North Carolina. documented incidents in all but 4 States; Americans. Lynching was nothing less These States must submit any voting Whereas at least 4,742 people, predomi- than a form of racial terrorism. changes to the U.S. Department of Jus- nantly African-Americans, were reported It took the vision and courage of men tice for preclearance. If the Depart- lynched in the United States between 1882 and women such as Mary White ment of Justice concludes that the and 1968; Ovington, W.E.B. DuBois, George H. change weakens the voting strength of Whereas 99 percent of all perpetrators of White, Jane Adams and, of course, fel- minority voters, it can refuse to ap- lynching escaped from punishment by State low Tennessean Ida Wells-Barnett to prove the change. or local officials; pass Federal laws against lynching and While I recognize that this can im- Whereas lynching prompted African-Amer- icans to form the National Association for put an end to the despicable practice. pose a bureaucratic burden on States the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Ida Wells-Barnett, indeed, may have acting in good faith, we must continue and prompted members of B’nai B’rith to done more than any other person to ex- our Nation’s work to protect voting found the Anti-Defamation League; pose the terrible evils of lynching. A rights. That is why we need to extend Whereas nearly 200 anti-lynching bills were school teacher from Memphis who put the Voting Rights Act. introduced in Congress during the first half herself through college, she became Quite simply, we owe civil rights pio- of the 20th century; one of the Nation’s first female news- neers such as Ida Wells nothing less. Whereas, between 1890 and 1952, 7 Presi- paper editors. A civil rights crusader I hope the day will come when racism dents petitioned Congress to end lynching; from her teens, Ida Wells committed and prejudice are relegated completely Whereas, between 1920 and 1940, the House of Representatives passed 3 strong anti- herself to the fight against lynching to our past. This resolution is a posi- lynching measures; after a mob murdered her friends— tive step in the right direction. Whereas protection against lynching was Thomas Moss, Calvin McDowell, and Transforming our Nation requires the minimum and most basic of Federal re- Henry Stewart. that we recall our history—all of it. We sponsibilities, and the Senate considered but VerDate jul 14 2003 05:10 Jun 14, 2005 Jkt 039060 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G13JN6.055 S13PT1 June 13, 2005 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6365 failed to enact anti-lynching legislation de- understanding of lynching. A group of cated across the street from a White- spite repeated requests by civil rights angry White men take an accused and owned grocery store that had pre- groups, Presidents, and the House of Rep- presumed guilty Black man deep into viously been the only grocer in the resentatives to do so; the woods and hang him. Those are the area. Angered by the loss of business, a Whereas the recent publication of ‘‘With- out Sanctuary: Lynching Photography in images, although accurate and tragic, mob gathered to run the new grocers America’’ helped bring greater awareness but they delude us from the true na- out of town. Forewarned about the at- and proper recognition of the victims of ture of lynching in this dark period of tack on their store, the three owners lynching; American history. armed themselves for protection, and Whereas only by coming to terms with his- The thought of a small, angry mob in the riot that ensued, one of the busi- tory can the United States effectively cham- murdering Black prisoners in the dead nessmen injured a White man.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dealing with Jim Crow
    Dealing and Responding to Jim Crow Introduction Research Questions On February 26, 1877, a compromise was made to settle the disputed presidential election of 1876 within the walls of the Wormley Hotel in Washington D.C. If Republicans would end the to Consider post-Civil War military occupation of the South, then the Democrats would allow Republican How did Washington, candidate Rutherford B. Hayes to become president. The compromise signaled the beginning Du Bois, and Wells- of a post-war reconciliation of white Americans from the North and South. However, removing Barnett individually respond to the conflict troops from the South meant that African Americans would be at the mercy of white of racism during the Jim Southerners (many of whom were or sympathized with former Confederates), and Democrat- Crow Era? How did they controlled state governments who wanted to see African Americans returned to their rightful respond to one place in Southern society, as politically disenfranchised and uneducated labor. another? Nevertheless, it was ironic that the compromise, known as the Compromise of 1877, took How did the African place at the Wormley Hotel, owned by James Wormley, a wealthy and well-connected black American community entrepreneur. Wormley’s Hotel was located in Layafette Square, near the White House. James respond to Washington, Du Bois and Wells- Wormley and his hotel were known internationally for their elegance, excellent hospitality, and Barnett? delicious catering. Royalty, dignitaries, and Washington’s elite including: presidents, cabinet members, Congressmen, Supreme Court justices, military officers, and business leaders What was the effect on considered Wormley a confidant and excellent host.
    [Show full text]
  • The Attorney General's Ninth Annual Report to Congress Pursuant to The
    THE ATTORNEY GENERAL'S NINTH ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS PURSUANT TO THE EMMETT TILL UNSOLVED CIVIL RIGHTS CRIME ACT OF 2007 AND THIRD ANNUALREPORT TO CONGRESS PURSUANT TO THE EMMETT TILL UNSOLVEDCIVIL RIGHTS CRIMES REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF 2016 March 1, 2021 INTRODUCTION This is the ninth annual Report (Report) submitted to Congress pursuant to the Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act of2007 (Till Act or Act), 1 as well as the third Report submitted pursuant to the Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crimes Reauthorization Act of 2016 (Reauthorization Act). 2 This Report includes information about the Department of Justice's (Department) activities in the time period since the eighth Till Act Report, and second Reauthorization Report, which was dated June 2019. Section I of this Report summarizes the historical efforts of the Department to prosecute cases involving racial violence and describes the genesis of its Cold Case Int~~ative. It also provides an overview ofthe factual and legal challenges that federal prosecutors face in their "efforts to secure justice in unsolved Civil Rights-era homicides. Section II ofthe Report presents the progress made since the last Report. It includes a chart ofthe progress made on cases reported under the initial Till Act and under the Reauthorization Act. Section III of the Report provides a brief overview of the cases the Department has closed or referred for preliminary investigation since its last Report. Case closing memoranda written by Department attorneys are available on the Department's website: https://www.justice.gov/crt/civil-rights-division-emmett­ till-act-cold-ca e-clo ing-memoranda.
    [Show full text]
  • Cold Case Initiative 1St Report to Congress
    THE ATTORNEY GENERAL'S FIRST ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS PURSUANT TO THE EMMETT TILL UNSOLVED CIVIL RIGHTS CRIME ACTOF 2007 APRIL 7,2009 This report is submitted pursuant to the Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act of 2007, regarding the activities ofthe Department ofJustice (DOJ or the Department) under the Act. This initial report covers activities predating the Act, which was signed into law on October 7,2008, and the six months since its enactment.! 1. THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE'S EFFORTS TO INVESTIGATE AND PROSECUTE UNSOLVED CIVIL RIGHTS ERA HOMICIDES A. Overview and Background The Department of Justice fully supports the goals ofthe Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act of2007. For more than 50 years, the Department of Justice has been instrumental in bringing justice to some ofthe nation's horrific civil rights era crimes. These crimes occurred during a terrible time in our nation's history when some people viewed their fellow Americans as inferior, and as threats, based only on the color of their skin. The Department of Justice believes that racially motivated murders from the civil rights era constitute L some of the greatest blemishes upon our history. As such, the Department stands ready to lend our assistance, expertise, and resources to assist in the investigation and possible prosecution of these matters. Unfortunately, federal jurisdiction over these historic cases is limited. The Ex Post Facto Clause of the Constitution and federal statutory law have limited the Department's ability to prosecute most civil rights era cases at the federal level. For example, two ofthe most important federal statutes that can be used to prosecute racially motivated homicides, 18 U.S.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Read Our Full Report, Death in Florida, Now
    USA DEATH IN FLORIDA GOVERNOR REMOVES PROSECUTOR FOR NOT SEEKING DEATH SENTENCES; FIRST EXECUTION IN 18 MONTHS LOOMS Amnesty International Publications First published on 21 August 2017 by Amnesty International Publications International Secretariat Peter Benenson House 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW United Kingdom www.amnesty.org Copyright Amnesty International Publications 2017 Index: AMR 51/6736/2017 Original Language: English Printed by Amnesty International, International Secretariat, United Kingdom All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publishers. Amnesty International is a global movement of 3 million people in more than 150 countries and territories, who campaign on human rights. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights instruments. We research, campaign, advocate and mobilize to end abuses of human rights. Amnesty International is independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion. Our work is largely financed by contributions from our membership and donations Table of Contents Summary ..................................................................................................................... 1 ‘Bold, positive change’ not allowed ................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Department of Justice and the Limits of the New Deal State, 1933-1945
    THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE AND THE LIMITS OF THE NEW DEAL STATE, 1933-1945 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND THE COMMITTEE ON GRADUATE STUDIES OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Maria Ponomarenko December 2010 © 2011 by Maria Ponomarenko. All Rights Reserved. Re-distributed by Stanford University under license with the author. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 United States License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/ This dissertation is online at: http://purl.stanford.edu/ms252by4094 ii I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. David Kennedy, Primary Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Richard White, Co-Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Mariano-Florentino Cuellar Approved for the Stanford University Committee on Graduate Studies. Patricia J. Gumport, Vice Provost Graduate Education This signature page was generated electronically upon submission of this dissertation in electronic format. An original signed hard copy of the signature page is on file in University Archives. iii Acknowledgements My principal thanks go to my adviser, David M.
    [Show full text]
  • Commencement
    WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY Commencement THE GRADUATION EXERCISES MONDAY, MAY THE TWENTY-FIRST TwO THOUSAND AND TWELVE T HE GRADU A T ION EXE R C ISE S MONDAY, MAY THE TWEN T YFIRST TWO THO U SAND AND TWEL VE N INE O’C LOCK IN THE M ORNING T H O M AS K. HE ARN, JR. PLAZA THE CARILLON: “Preludium VII” ....................................................... Matthias Van den Gheyn Lauren Bradley Mellick (’05), University Carillonneur THE PROCESSIONAL ....................................................................e Brass Ensemble THE WELCOME ........................................................................... Nathan O. Hatch President GREETINGS FROM THE CLASS OF 2012 ..................................................Nilam A. Patel (’12) Student Body President THE PRAYER OF INVOCATION ..............................................e Reverend Timothy L. Auman University Chaplain THE ADDRESS: “A Little Fatherly Advice” .....................................................Charles W. Ergen Chairman, DISH Network and EchoStar Communications THE CONFERRING OF HONORARY DEGREES ..................................................Mark E. Welker Interim Provost Charles W. Ergen, Doctor of Laws Sponsor: Bernard Beatty, Associate Professor of Management, Schools of Business Elizabeth B. Lacy, Doctor of Laws Sponsor: Blake Morant, Dean, School of Law Willie E. May, Doctor of Science Sponsor: Lorna Moore, Dean, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Jonathan T.M. Reckford, Doctor of Humane Letters Sponsor: Julie Wayne, Associate Professor, Schools of Business Eric C. Wiseman, Doctor of Laws Sponsor: Steve Reinemund, Dean, Schools of Business REMARKS TO THE GRADUATES ............................................................President Hatch THE HONORING OF RETIRING FACULTY FROM THE BOWMAN GRAY CAMPUS Patricia L. Adams, M.D., Professor Emerita of Internal Medicine - Nephrology Vardaman M. Buckalew, Jr., M.D., Professor Emeritus of Internal Medicine - Nephrology John R. Crouse III, M.D., Professor Emeritus of Internal Medicine - Endocrinology and Metabolism Robert G.
    [Show full text]
  • Behold the Corpse: Violent Images and the Case of Emmett Till
    Behold the Corpse: Violent Images and the Case of Emmett Till Harold, Christine. DeLuca, Kevin Michael. Rhetoric & Public Affairs, Volume 8, Number 2, Summer 2005, pp. 263-286 (Article) Published by Michigan State University Press DOI: 10.1353/rap.2005.0075 For additional information about this article http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/rap/summary/v008/8.2harold.html Access provided by Penn State Univ Libraries (18 Mar 2013 10:52 GMT) BEHOLD THE CORPSE: VIOLENT IMAGES AND THE CASE OF EMMETT TILL CHRISTINE HAROLD AND KEVIN MICHAEL DELUCA The widely disseminated image of Emmett Till’s mutilated corpse rhetorically transformed the lynched black body from a symbol of unmitigated white power to one illustrating the ugliness of racial violence and the aggregate power of the black community. This reconfiguration was, in part, an effect of the black community’s embracing and foregrounding Till’s abject body as a collective “souvenir” rather than allowing it to be safely exiled from public life. We do not know what the body can do. Spinoza Society is concerned to tame the Photograph, to temper the madness which keeps threatening to explode in the face of whoever looks at it. Roland Barthes If the men who killed Emmett Till had known his body would free a people, they would have let him live. Reverend Jesse Jackson Sr. “ had to get through this. There would be no second chance to get through Ithis. I noticed that none of Emmett’s body was scarred. It was bloated, the skin was loose, but there were no scars, no signs of violence anywhere.
    [Show full text]
  • Emmett Till Cold Case Investigation and Training and Technical Assistance Program” Hosted by the Bureau of Justice Assistance
    MARY JO GIOVACCHINI: Good afternoon everybody and welcome to today's webinar “Emmett Till Cold Case Investigation and Training and Technical Assistance Program” hosted by the Bureau of Justice Assistance. At this time, I'd like to introduce today's presenters: Elizabeth Griffith, Associate Deputy Director with the Bureau of Justice Assistance; Barbara Kay Bosserman, Deputy Chief of the Cold Case Unit and Senior Legal Counsel with the U.S. Department of Justice; LaShunda Williams, Supervisory Special Agent Civil Rights Division within the Bureau of—in the Federal Bureau of Investigation; and Gerri Ratliff, Acting Director for Community Relations Service within the Department of Justice. At this time I'm going to turn the presentation over to Betsi Griffith. ELIZABETH GRIFFITH: Good afternoon and thank you. I'm Betsi Griffith from the Bureau of Justice Assistance. I just want to lay out here the agenda for today. We're going to spend a little bit of time talking about the agency who's offering this opportunity, the Bureau of Justice Assistance where I work, talk a little bit about the particular opportunity including eligibility and grant-related information, and some background on how we review our applications to assist you in applying. This project has—is really building on the foundation of some tremendous work that's been happening across the Department over the last decade so I really want to turn it over to subject matter expertise that can kind of give you that context and are available to work with sites that receive funding or generally have an interest in this work so I wanted you all to be aware of that, and then we'll close with a few minutes around, you know, just logistics of both things that we've learned from experience you want to keep an eye out for as you apply as well as to talk briefly about our new Grants Management System, and answer question and—answer any questions you have.
    [Show full text]
  • INFORMATION to USERS This Manuscript Has Been Reproduced
    INFO RM A TIO N TO U SER S This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI film s the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be fromany type of con^uter printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependentquality upon o fthe the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and inqjroper alignment can adverse^ afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note wiD indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one e3q)osure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photogr^hs included inoriginal the manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for aiy photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI direct^ to order. UMJ A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313.'761-4700 800/521-0600 LAWLESSNESS AND THE NEW DEAL; CONGRESS AND ANTILYNCHING LEGISLATION, 1934-1938 DISSERTATION presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Robin Bernice Balthrope, A.B., J.D., M.A.
    [Show full text]
  • The National Left (First Draft) by Shmuel Hasfari and Eldad Yaniv
    The National Left (First Draft) by Shmu'el Hasfari and Eldad Yaniv Open Source Center OSC Summary: A self-published book by Israeli playwright Shmu'el Hasfari and political activist Eldad Yaniv entitled "The National Left (First Draft)" bemoans the death of Israel's political left. http://www.fas.org/irp/dni/osc/israel-left.pdf Statement by the Authors The contents of this publication are the responsibility of the authors, who also personally bore the modest printing costs. Any part of the material in this book may be photocopied and recorded. It is recommended that it should be kept in a data-storage system, transmitted, or recorded in any form or by any electronic, optical, mechanical means, or otherwise. Any form of commercial use of the material in this book is permitted without the explicit written permission of the authors. 1. The Left The Left died the day the Six-Day War ended. With the dawn of the Israeli empire, the Left's sun sank and the Small [pun on Smol, the Hebrew word for Left] was born. The Small is a mark of Cain, a disparaging term for a collaborator, a lover of Arabs, a hater of Israel, a Jew who turns against his own people, not a patriot. The Small-ists eat pork on Yom Kippur, gobble shrimps during the week, drink espresso whenever possible, and are homos, kapos, artsy-fartsy snobs, and what not. Until 1967, the Left actually managed some impressive deeds -- it took control of the land, ploughed, sowed, harvested, founded the state, built the army, built its industry from scratch, fought Arabs, settled the land, built the nuclear reactor, brought millions of Jews here and absorbed them, and set up kibbutzim, moshavim, and agriculture.
    [Show full text]
  • James Chaney James Earl Chaney, the Son of a Plasterer, Was Born In
    Page 1 of 3 James Chaney James Earl Chaney, the son of a plasterer, was born in Meridian, Mississippi, on 30th May 1943. An early supporter of the struggle for civil rights, Chaney was suspended from school for wearing a NAACP badge. After leaving Harris Junior College he worked with his father as an apprentice plasterer. In October, 1963, Chaney began volunteer work at the Meridian office of the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE). He impressed Michael Schwerner, the head of the office, and was recommended for a full-time post with the organisation. Chaney was involved with the CORE's Freedom Summer campaign. On 21st June, 1964, Chaney, along with Andrew Goodman and Michael Schwerner, went to Longdale to visit Mt. Zion Methodist Church, a building that had been fire-bombed by the Ku Klux Klan because it was going to be used as a Freedom School. On the way back to the CORE office in Meridian, the three men were arrested by Deputy Sheriff Cecil Price. Later that evening they were released from the Neshoba jail only to be stopped again on a rural road where a white mob shot them dead and buried them in a earthen dam. When Attorney General Robert Kennedy heard that the men were missing, he arranged for Joseph Sullivan of the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) to go to Mississippi to discover what has happened. On 4th August, 1964, FBI agents found the bodies in an earthen dam at Old Jolly Farm. Page 2 of 3 James Earl Chaney's mother, Fannie Chaney and brother Ben at his funeral.
    [Show full text]
  • On Looking: Lynching Photographs and Legacies of Lynching After 9/11
    2Q/RRNLQJ/\QFKLQJ3KRWRJUDSKVDQG/HJDFLHVRI /\QFKLQJDIWHU Dora Apel American Quarterly, Volume 55, Number 3, September 2003, pp. 457-478 (Article) 3XEOLVKHGE\7KH-RKQV+RSNLQV8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV DOI: 10.1353/aq.2003.0020 For additional information about this article http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/aq/summary/v055/55.3apel.html Access provided by Wayne State University (19 Oct 2014 18:19 GMT) ON LOOKING 457 EXHIBITION REVIEW On Looking: Lynching Photographs and Legacies of Lynching after 9/11 DORA APEL Wayne State Universsity Witness: Photographs of Lynchings from the Collection of James Allen and John Littlefield. Organized by Andrew Roth, Roth Horowitz Gallery, New York. Jan. 13–Feb. 12, 2000. Without Sanctuary: Lynch- ing Photography in America. Curated by James Allen and Julia Hotton, New York Historical Society, New York. Mar. 14–Oct. 1, 2000. The Without Sanctuary Project. Curated by James Allen; co-directed by Jessica Arcand and Margery King, The Andy Warhol Museum, Pitts- burgh, Penn., Sept. 22, 2001–Jan. 2, 2002. Without Sanctuary: Lynch- ing Photography in America. Curated by Joseph F. Jordan; Douglas H. Quin, exhibition designer; Frank Catroppa, Saudia Muwwakkil, and Melissa English-Rias, MLK Site team. Martin Luther King Jr. National Historic Site, Atlanta, GA., May 1–Dec. 31, 2002. Without Sanctuary: Lynching Photography in America. By James Allen (editor), Hilton Als, Congressman John Lewis, Leon F. Litwack. Sante Fe, N.M.: Twin Palms Publishers, 2000. 212 pages. $60.00 (cloth). http://www.journale.com/withoutsanctuary/main. TODAY WHEN WE LOOK AT LYNCHING PHOTOGRAPHS, WE TRY NOT TO SEE THEM. Looking and seeing become seeming forms of aggression that impli- cate the viewer, however distressed and sympathetic, in the acts that Dora Apel is the W.
    [Show full text]