DOCSLIB.ORG

Intestinal Microbiota: a Potential Target for the Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Intestinal Microbiota: a Potential Target for the Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis OPEN Citation: Bone Research (2017) 5, 17046; :10.1038/boneres.2017.46 www.nature.com/boneres REVIEW ARTICLE Intestinal microbiota: a potential target for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis Xin Xu1,2, Xiaoyue Jia1,2, Longyi Mo1, Chengcheng Liu1,3, Liwei Zheng1,4, Quan Yuan1,5 and Xuedong Zhou1,2 Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is a prevalent metabolic bone disease characterized by bone loss and structural destruction, which increases the risk of fracture in postmenopausal women. Owing to the high morbidity and serious complications of PMO, many efforts have been devoted to its prophylaxis and treatment. The intestinal microbiota is the complex community of microorganisms colonizing the gastrointestinal tract. Probiotics, which are dietary or medical supplements consisting of beneficial intestinal bacteria, work in concert with endogenous intestinal microorganisms to maintain host health. Recent studies have revealed that bone loss in PMO is closely related to host immunity, which is influenced by the intestinal microbiota. The curative effects of probiotics on metabolic bone diseases have also been demonstrated. The effects of the intestinal microbiota on bone metabolism suggest a promising target for PMO management. This review seeks to summarize the critical effects of the intestinal microbiota and probiotics on PMO, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenic relationship between bacteria and host, and to define the possible treatment options. Bone Research (2017) 5, 17046; doi:10.1038/boneres.2017.46; published online: 4 October 2017 INTRODUCTION bone loss and lower bone mineral density (BMD) in the jaw, Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is an estrogen especially in postmenopausal females with preexisting deficiency-induced metabolic bone disorder character- periodontitis who suffered from accelerated alveolar bone ized by reduced bone strength, which increases the risk of loss under routine treatment.5–7 In addition to bone loss and fracture in postmenopausal women.1 The onset of PMO is microstructural deterioration, PMO affects the osseous occult, without any obvious symptoms until a fracture formation processes. Delayed osseous maturation and occurs. The most prevalent complication is a fragility reduced bone regeneration during bone healing in fracture, which often occurs in the hip, femur, or spine ovariectomized (OVX) rats were reported.8–9 The high under non-traumatic or mildly traumatic conditions, result- morbidity and serious complications of PMO have ing in pain, malformation, dysfunction, and even death. attracted major research efforts on its prophylaxis and Studies showed that the mortality rate associated with a treatment for decades. Current medications for the hip fracture was 17% in the first year2 and ~ 12%–20% within treatment of PMO include bisphosphonates, raloxifene, the two following years.3 PMO is also a potential risk factor teriparatide and calcitonin, denosumab, estrogen and for oral bone loss and aggressive periodontitis in postme- menopausal hormone therapy, and so on. These medica- nopausal females. PMO animal models showed an tions can prevent bone loss and increase bone mineral equivalent bone loss in alveolar bone and femurs.4 density, with a decreased risk of fractures in the vertebra, Compared with healthy postmenopausal women, patients hip, or long bones.1,10 All of these pharmacological agents afflicted with PMO also exhibited an inclination to more can reduce bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclasts, 1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; 2Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; 3Department of Periodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; 4Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China and 5Department of Dental Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China Correspondence: Xuedong Zhou ([email protected]) Received: 1 July 2017; Accepted: 24 July 2017 Intestinal microbiota and osteoporosis XXuet al 2 Figure 1. Regulators of the gut microbiota and mechanisms by which the gut microbiota regulates bone metabolism. Shaped by both host and environmental factors, the gut microbiota regulates bone metabolism through various pathways, including the immune system, endocrine system, and influences on calcium balance. except teriparatide, which acts as an anabolic agent by They are generally classified into five categories, including activating or increasing osteoblast activity and prompting lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, streptococci, yeast, and bone formation.1,11 Recent studies have demonstrated a others.37 Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria are the most close relationship between the intestinal microbiota and commonly used probiotics. Probiotics can selectively bone metabolism,12–15 providing evidence that the intest- ferment prebiotics, which contain soluble dietary fibers inal microbiome may serve as a potential therapeutic such as oligosaccharides and inulin, facilitating the pro- target for the treatment of PMO. duction of beneficial products conducive to the growth of certain probiotics such as bifidobacteria.34,38–39 However, it is still disputed whether probiotics can alter the gut THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA AND ITS REGULATORS microbiota composition. Randomized controlled trials The intestinal microbiota is the collection of microorganisms (RCTs) in healthy adults indicated that probiotic interven- that colonize the gastrointestinal tract, which consists of tion or probiotics-fermented products resulted in changes – approximately 10 trillion bacteria.16 Obligate anaerobes in intestinal microbiota composition or diversity.40 43 such as Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes are the predominant Although probiotics promoted the significant increase of residents of the healthy gastrointestinal tract, outnumber- certain bacteria, Bacteroides was the dominant genus ing aerobes and facultative anaerobes.16–17 On the basis under probiotics administration, while other bacteria such – of their roles in maintaining human health, intestinal as Clostridiales were inhibited.40 41 In addition, the effect of microorganisms can be categorized into beneficial, harm- probiotics on Clostridiales genera may be associated ful and neutral bacteria. Both host and environmental with the initial status of the intestinal microbiome and factors can shape intestinal microbial composition and butyrate concentrations.41 RCTs in elder adults showed structure (Figure 1). Animal experiments18–21 and twin that the age-associated intestinal microbiota imbalance studies22–23 revealed that the host genetic background was restored by probiotic-based functional foods, with had a significant impact on the abundance of the increased resident probiotic-related bacteria and – intestinal microbiota and the predisposition to the coloni- decreased emergence of opportunistic pathogens.44 45 zation of pathogens (for example, Escherichia coli). Though Animal experimentation also showed that probiotic admin- still disputed, gender may be another host factor affecting istration improved the intestinal microbiota composition in intestinal microbiome species diversity.24–25 Environmental hyperlipidemic rats by recovering the abundance of factors, including diet, lifestyle, hygiene, antibiotic treat- Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia and reducing ment, and probiotics, also contribute to the alteration of Firmicutes.46 However, another RCT in healthy adults the intestinal microbiota composition.26–31 Notably, the demonstrated that Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) effects of diet and antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota supplement induced no alteration in gut microbiota also depend on the host genetic background.32–33 composition or diversity stability, except for a transient Probiotics are defined as dietary or medical supplements increased fecal excretion of probiotic-associated bacteria consisting of live bacteria that can benefit the host if during the intervention.47 In addition, one RCT in healthy provided in adequate quantities.34–36 Currently, ~ 20 types subjects and patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) of beneficial bacteria are used in probiotic supplements. showed parallel, transient, and distinct increases in Bone Research (2017) 17046 Intestinal microbiota and osteoporosis XXuet al 3 probiotics but limited changes in other specific bacteria in through which gut microbiota may regulate bone meta- fecal samples of both healthy and IBS-afflicted subjects bolism have been proposed, including actions on the with Bifidobacterium infantis intervention.48 immune system, endocrine system, and calcium absorp- tion (Figure 1). THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA REGULATES BONE (a) The gut microbiota regulates bone metabolism METABOLISM through the immune system. Recent studies have Involvement of the intestinal microbiota in bone revealed a close interrelationship between the immune metabolism system and bone metabolism, leading to the develop- The dynamic homeostasis of the gut microbiome is critical to ment of “osteoimmunology,” which highlights the health. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the role of immune-related factors in modulating bone gut microbiota is associated with physiological bone remodeling.54–55 In immune-mediated bone metabolism, fl metabolism and a range of in ammatory or metabolic the RANKL (receptor activator NF kappa B ligand)-RANK-
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Animal Models of Osteoporosis - Necessity and Limitations
    A.European Simon TurnerCells and Materials V ol. 1. 2001 (pages 66-81) DOI: 10.22203/eCM.v001a08 Running title: Animal models ISSN - osteoporosis 1473-2262 ANIMAL MODELS OF OSTEOPOROSIS - NECESSITY AND LIMITATIONS A. Simon Turner* Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA. Abstract Review of Animal Models of Osteoporosis There is a great need to further characterise the available General introduction to the need for animal models animal models for postmenopausal osteoporosis, for the Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a major health prob- understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, investi- lem for women, the understanding of which is hindered by gation of new therapies (e.g. selective estrogen receptor the difficulty of studying a disease that is restricted to modulators (SERMs)) and evaluation of prosthetic devices humans. Osteoporosis is a slowly progressive disease, in osteoporotic bone. Animal models that have been used necessitating a study of several years’ duration to allow in the past include non-human primates, dogs, cats, ro- for a response to therapy. Because results come slowly, dents, rabbits, guinea pigs and minipigs, all of which have accumulation of data is time consuming, and maintenance advantages and disadvantages. Sheep are a promising of a study group is made more difficult by natural attrition model for various reasons: they are docile, easy to handle due to either relocation or death. and house, relatively inexpensive, available in large num- Lifestyle and health-related factors such as smoking, bers, spontaneously ovulate, and the sheep’s bones are alcoholism, and diet have been linked with an increased large enough to evaluate orthopaedic implants.
    [Show full text]
  • Preserved Bone Mass in Ovariectomized Rats Treated With
    Preserved bone mass in ovariectomized rats treated with parathyroid-hormone-related peptide (1-34) and (107-111) fragments J Rouffet, Veronique Coxam, N Gaumet, Jp Barlet To cite this version: J Rouffet, Veronique Coxam, N Gaumet, Jp Barlet. Preserved bone mass in ovariectomized rats treated with parathyroid-hormone-related peptide (1-34) and (107-111) fragments. Reproduction Nutrition Development, EDP Sciences, 1994, 34 (5), pp.473-481. hal-00899674 HAL Id: hal-00899674 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00899674 Submitted on 1 Jan 1994 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Original article Preserved bone mass in ovariectomized rats treated with parathyroid-hormone-related peptide (1-34) and (107-111) fragments J Rouffet V Coxam N Gaumet JP Barlet1 1 INRA-Theix, Métabolisme Minéral, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; 2 Radiobiology Division, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA (Received 28 April 1994; accepted 25 July 1994) Summary ― The effect of synthetic human PTHrP (1 -34) or (107-111) fragments on bone loss was stud- ied in rats, one month after ovariectomy (OVX). Four groups of 7-8-month-old rats were treated sc daily for 13 d with PTHrP (1-34) or (107-111 ) at the dose of 1 or 3 nmol/100 g body weight.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Chlorella Pyrenoidosa Protein Hydrolysate-Calcium
    marine drugs Article Effect of Chlorella Pyrenoidosa Protein Hydrolysate-Calcium Chelate on Calcium Absorption Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Composition in Low-Calcium Diet-Fed Rats Pengpeng Hua 1,2 , Yu Xiong 1, Zhiying Yu 1, Bin Liu 1,2,* and Lina Zhao 1,* 1 National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; huapengpeng_fl[email protected] (P.H.); [email protected] (Y.X.); [email protected] (Z.Y.) 2 College of Food Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (B.L.); [email protected] (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-591-8353-0197 (B.L. & L.Z.) Received: 30 April 2019; Accepted: 3 June 2019; Published: 11 June 2019 Abstract: In our current investigation, we evaluated the effect of Chlorella pyrenoidosa protein hydrolysate (CPPH) and Chlorella pyrenoidosa protein hydrolysate-calcium chelate (CPPH-Ca) on calcium absorption and gut microbiota composition, as well as their in vivo regulatory mechanism in SD rats fed low-calcium diets. Potent major compounds in CPPH were characterized by HPLC-MS/MS, and the calcium-binding mechanism was investigated through ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy. Using high-throughput next-generation 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we analyzed the composition of gut microbiota in rats. Our study showed that HCPPH-Ca increased the levels of body weight gain, serum Ca, bone activity, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC), while decreased serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and inhibited the morphological changes of bone. HCPPH-Ca up-regulated the gene expressions of transient receptor potential cation V5 (TRPV5), TRPV6, calcium-binding protein-D9k (CaBP-D9k) and a calcium pump (plasma membrane Ca-ATPase, PMCA1b).
    [Show full text]
  • Download PDF File
    Folia Morphol. Vol. 78, No. 4, pp. 789–797 DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2019.0035 O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E Copyright © 2019 Via Medica ISSN 0015–5659 journals.viamedica.pl Biochemical and immunohistochemical investigations on bone formation and remodelling in ovariectomised rats with tamoxifen citrate administration M. Baloğlu1, E. Gökalp Özkorkmaz2 1Department of Physiotherapy, Diyarbakir Gazi Yasargil Education and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey 2Department of Histology and Embryology, Dicle University, School of Medicine, Diyarbakir, Turkey [Received: 31 January 2019; Accepted: 18 February 2019] Background: Osteoporosis results with the imbalance between osteoblastic for- mation and osteoclastic resorption, resulting in susceptibility to bone fractures. Ovariectomy leads to osteoporosis by triggering alterations in bone formation and structure. Tamoxifen as an anti-oestrogen is used for adjuvant therapy especially in metastatic diseases and known to have a bone mass protective effect after ovariectomy. Materials and methods: An animal model of ovariectomy induced osteoporosis after tamoxifen citrate administration was studied via biochemical and immuno- histochemical methods. Female Wistar albino rats (n = 45), selected according to their oestrous cycle, were divided into three groups; I — control, II — ovariec- tomy, III — ovariectomy + tamoxifen. Following ovariectomy, tamoxifen citrate (10 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally daily for 8 weeks. At the end of the period, animals were sacrificed under anaesthesia, blood samples were taken to measure oestrogen, calcium, and alkaline phosphate. Tibia bone samples were fixed in formalin solution and decalcified with 5% ethylene-diamine tetra acetic acid. After the routine histological follow up, samples were embedded in paraffin and cut with a microtome for semi-thin sections.
    [Show full text]
  • Bone-Vol-122-13.Pdf
    Bone 122 (2019) 123–135 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Bone journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/bone Full Length Article Development and characterization of supramolecular calcitonin assembly and assessment of its interactions with the bone remodelling process T Kapil Manglania, Viji Vijayana, Chandramani Pathakb, Mayuri Khandelwala, Parminder Singhc, ⁎ Stalin Chellappaa, Vijay K. Yadavc, Avadhesha Suroliad, Sarika Guptaa, a Molecular Science Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India b Cell Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India c Metabolic Research Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India d Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Sciences, Bengaluru 560012, Karnataka, India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease, which poses an immense socio-economic burden on Human calcitonin the society. Human calcitonin, though safe, is not considered as a therapeutic option because of its high tendency Protein aggregation to self-associate to form amyloid fibrils thereby affecting its potency. To circumvent this issue we harnessed the Ovariectomy inherent capacity of aggregation and developed an assemblage of human calcitonin monomers, [Supramolecular Osteoporosis Calcitonin Assembly (SCAeI)], which releases biologically active calcitonin monomers in a sustained manner for a period of at least three weeks. AFM and FT-IR analysis showed that SCA-I is amorphous aggregates of calcitonin monomers. Both SCA-I and monomer released from it demonstrated superior anti-osteoclast activity and pro- teolytic stability in-vitro. SCA-I upon single injection significantly improved bone formation markers and reduced bone resorption markers in ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
    [Show full text]
  • Loss of Cancellous Bone Mass and Connectivity in Ovariectomized Rats Can Be Restored by Combined Treatment with Parathyroid Hormone and Estradiol
    Loss of cancellous bone mass and connectivity in ovariectomized rats can be restored by combined treatment with parathyroid hormone and estradiol. V Shen, … , R Xu, R Lindsay J Clin Invest. 1993;91(6):2479-2487. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI116483. Research Article To evaluate the potential use of a combination of antiresorption and bone formation-promoting agents as a treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis, we examined the effects of combined and separate administration of estrogen (17 beta- estradiol, 30 micrograms/kg per d, s.c.) and parathyroid hormone (rPTH [1-34], 40 micrograms/kg per d, s.c.) on the proximal tibia of ovariectomized (Ovx) rats. The treatments lasted for 4 wk and were initiated 1, 3, and 5 wk after surgery. Ovx resulted in rapid loss of cancellous bone volume (Cn-BV/TV) as well as trabecular connectivity, as determined by two dimensional strut analysis. When administered in a preventive mode, treatment beginning 1 wk post-Ovx, estrogen or PTH treatment alone preserved Cn-BV/TV and trabecular connectivity, and combined estrogen and PTH treatment caused a 40% increment in Cn-BV/TV while maintaining comparable trabecular connectivity with that seen in the Sham- operated animals. When administered in a curative mode to rats with established osteoporosis, treatments beginning 3 or 5 wk post-Ovx, estrogen or PTH treatment alone prevented further loss of connectivity and Cn-BV/TV, whereas the combined treatment resulted in as much as a 300% improvement in one of the parameters of trabecular connectivity, node to node strut length, and a 106% increase in Cn-BV/TV, with respect to the bone status at the initiation of treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • An Estrogen Deficiency After Menopause Is Associated With
    J Nutr Sci Vitaminol, 50, 100-105, 2004 Estrogenic Effects of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge in Ovariectomized Rats Won-Bee KIM1,Yun-Ja PARK1, Mi-Ra PARK1, Tae-Yeul HA2, Sang-Hyeon LEE3,4, Song-Ja BAE1,3and Mihyang KIM1,3, * 1 Department of Food and Nutrition, Silla University, Boson 617-736, Korea 2Food Function Research Division, Korea FoodResearch Institute, Kyonggi463-746, Korea 3 Marine BiotechnologyCenter for Bio-Functional Material Industries, Busan 617-736, Korea 4Departrnent of Bioscienceand Biotechnology , Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea (Received March 26, 2003) Summary The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge (SS) on the lipid on serum and the collagen content of the connective tissues in ovariecto mized estrogen-deficient rats. Three groups were surgically ovariectomized. The fourth group was sham operated. From day 2 until day 37 after the ovariectomy, Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: sham-operated rats (sham), ovariectomized control rats (OVX-control), ovariectomized rats supplemented with an ethyl ether fraction of SS at 10mg/kg bw/d (OVX-EE), ovariectomized rats supplemented an ethyl acetate fraction of SS at 10mg/kg bw/d (OVX-EA). The SS fractions were orally adminis trated at 1mL per day. The estrogenic effects of the ethyl ether and ethyl acetate fractions of SS, were investigated using one in vitro assay and two in vivo assays. The treatment of the partition of the ethyl ether and ethyl acetate layers of SS increased the transcriptional activ ity 0.7-fold and 0.5-fold compared to those that were given 17ƒÀ-estradiol treatment, respec tively.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview: Animal Models of Osteopenia and Osteoporosis
    J Musculoskel Neuron Interact 2001; 1(3):193-207 Review Article Hylonome Overview: animal models of osteopenia and osteoporosis W.S.S. Jee, W. Yao Division of Radiobiology, Department of Radiobiology, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Abstract Prior to initiating a clinical trial in a post-menopausal osteoporosis study, it is reasonable to recommence the evaluation of treatment in the 9-month-old ovariectomized female rat. A female rat of this age has reached peak bone mass and can be manipulated to simulate clinical findings of post-menopausal osteoporosis. Ample time exists for experimental protocols that either prevent estrogen depletion osteopenia or restore bone loss after estrogen depletion. More time can be saved by acceleration of the development of the osteopenia by combining ovariectomized (OVX) plus immobilization (IM) models. Methods like serum biochemistry, histomorphometry and densitometry used in humans are applicable in rats. Like most animal models of osteopenia, the rat develops no fragility fractures, but mechanical testing of rat bones substitutes as a predictor of bone fragility. Recent studies have shown that the prevailing activity in cancellous and cortical bone of the sampling sites in rats is remodeling. The problems of dealing with a growing skeleton, the site specificity of the OVX and IM models, the lack of trabecular and Haversian remodeling and the slow developing cortical bone loss have been and can be overcome by adding beginning and pre-treatment controls and muscle mass measurements in all experimental designs, selecting cancellous bone sampling sites that are remodeling, concentrating the analysis of cortical bone loss to the peri-medullary bone and combining OVX and IM in a model to accelerate the development of both cancellous and cortical bone osteopenia.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Effect of Calcium and Vitamin D Dietary Supplements Against Osteoporosis in Ovariectomized Rats Reham A
    Progress in Nutrition 2018; Vol. 20, N. 1: 86-93 DOI: 10.23751/pn.v20i1.5223 © Mattioli 1885 Original article Biological effect of calcium and vitamin D dietary supplements against osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats Reham A. Mustafa1, Nehal A. A. Alfky1, Haifa H. Hijazi1, Eslam A. Header1,2, Firas S. Azzeh1 1 Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, KSA. - E-mail: [email protected]; 2Department of Nutrition and Food Science Faculty of Home Economics Minufiya University, Egypt. Summary. There is a direct association between the lack of estrogen and the progress of osteoporosis. This study was done to evaluate the biological effect of diet supplementation with calcium (Ca), and vitamin D (VD) on osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) rats and to examine the possible potential mechanisms. Twenty-eight rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups (n=7). To induce estrogen deficiency in rats, bilateral ovariectomy and sham (SHAM; negative control) surgery were done. In the basal diet, Ca and VD was supplemented with 210 mg/kg and 600 IU/kg, respectively, for 6 weeks. Alendronate as a standard anti- osteoporotic drug was used in a single weekly dose (3 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. After six weeks, serum markers of osteoporosis and bone femur status were evaluated. The results exposed that Ca and VD supplementation increased the body weight gain and diminished the uterine weight as a result of ovariectomy operation. These supplements significantly raised the serum Ca, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, free thyroxin, and osteo- calcin in OVX-rats, while the serum interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, parathormone, and pyridinoline levels were significantly dropped.
    [Show full text]
  • Dose-Dependent Effects of Salmon Calcitonin on Bone Turnover in Ovariectomized Rats
    East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 12-2004 Dose-Dependent Effects of Salmon Calcitonin on Bone Turnover in Ovariectomized Rats. Beatrice H. Owens East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Medical Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Owens, Beatrice H., "Dose-Dependent Effects of Salmon Calcitonin on Bone Turnover in Ovariectomized Rats." (2004). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 977. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/977 This Dissertation - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dose-dependent Effects of Salmon Calcitonin on Bone Turnover in Ovariectomized Rats _______________ A dissertation presented to the faculty of the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology East Tennessee State University _______________ In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Biomedical Science _______________ by Beatrice H. Owens December 2004 ________________ Dr. Ronald C. Hamdy, Co-Chair Dr. Fred E. Hossler, Co-Chair Dr. Kenneth Ferslew Dr. Ellen Rasch Dr. Richard Skalko Keywords: bone formation, bone mineral density, bone resorption, bone turnover, calcitonin, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteoporosis, ovariectomy, remodeling Dose-dependent Effects of Salmon Calcitonin on Bone Turnover in Ovariectomized Rats by Beatrice H. Owens In the United States, osteoporosis results in about 1.5 million annual fractures, costing approximately $15 billion.
    [Show full text]
  • S12986-021-00602-Y.Pdf
    Mao et al. Nutr Metab (Lond) (2021) 18:76 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-021-00602-y RESEARCH Open Access Metabolomics and physiological analysis of the efect of calcium supplements on reducing bone loss in ovariectomized rats by increasing estradiol levels Hongmei Mao1, Wenjun Wang2, Lili Shi1, Chen Chen1, Chao Han1, Jinpeng Zhao1, Qin Zhuo1, Shi Shen1, Yan Li1* and Junsheng Huo1* Abstract Background: Data from the 2010–2012 Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey showed that the vast majority of postmenopausal women in China had dual defciencies in calcium and estrogen. Objective: This study aimed to clarify whether calcium supplementation alleviated bone loss caused by calcium restriction combined with estrogen defciency in rats. Methods: Forty-eight female rats aged 9 weeks were assigned to 4 groups and fed a low-calcium diet: sham-oper- ated (SHAM-LC), ovariectomized (OVX-LC), and ovariectomized rats treated with 750 mg/kg (OVX-LC-M) or 2800 mg/ kg CaCO3 (OVX-LC-H). CaCO3 or distilled water was administered orally for 13 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and histomorphometry of the femur, serum biochemical parameters, and serum metabolites were analyzed. Results: The OVX-LC rats showed a signifcant increase in body weight and serum levels of lipid markers, a signifcant decrease in serum estradiol, calcium, phosphorus, and 25(OH)D levels, and deterioration of the femur. At 750 mg/ kg and 2800 mg/kg, CaCO3 reduced the deterioration of trabecular bone and increased the trabecular area percent- age (Tb.Ar %) and BMD of the femur. Serum estradiol levels increased in a dose-dependent manner after CaCO3 supplementation (p < 0.01).
    [Show full text]
  • Original Article Establishing a Rapid Animal Model of Osteoporosis with Ovariectomy Plus Low Calcium Diet in Rats
    Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014;7(8):5123-5128 www.ijcep.com /ISSN:1936-2625/IJCEP0001041 Original Article Establishing a rapid animal model of osteoporosis with ovariectomy plus low calcium diet in rats Xiang Gao, Wentao Ma, Huajing Dong, Zheng Yong, Ruibin Su State Key Laboratort of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Taiping Road 27, Beijing 100850, China Received June 8, 2014; Accepted July 21, 2014; Epub July 15, 2014; Published August 1, 2014 Abstract: The objective of this study was to rapidly develop osteoporotic model animals by combining ovariecto- my with a low calcium diet in rats. Thirty, eight-week-old, female, Sprague-Dawley rats were either sham-operated (Sham) or ovariectomized (Ovx) and divided into three groups: Sham, Ovx, and Ovx + low calcium diet. Rats in the Sham and Ovx groups were fed a standard diet containing 1.1% w/w calcium while rats in the Ovx + low calcium diet group were fed a diet containing 0.1% w/w calcium. Serum osteocalcin and bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebrae were measured 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. The rats were euthanized 12 weeks after surgery, and the BMD of the right femur and histomorphometry of the femoral neck were assessed at that time. The Ovx + low-calcium diet group had a significantly lower mean BMD of the lumbar vertebra and higher mean serum osteo- calcin concentration than the Sham and Ovx groups. Twelve weeks after surgery, rats in the Ovx + low calcium diet group had a significantly lower BMD, smaller Tb.Th and Tb.N, and larger Tb.Sp of the right femoral neck than did rats in the Sham and Ovx groups.
    [Show full text]