Liberty Mutual Exhibit 1016
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Internet Economy 25 Years After .Com
THE INTERNET ECONOMY 25 YEARS AFTER .COM TRANSFORMING COMMERCE & LIFE March 2010 25Robert D. Atkinson, Stephen J. Ezell, Scott M. Andes, Daniel D. Castro, and Richard Bennett THE INTERNET ECONOMY 25 YEARS AFTER .COM TRANSFORMING COMMERCE & LIFE March 2010 Robert D. Atkinson, Stephen J. Ezell, Scott M. Andes, Daniel D. Castro, and Richard Bennett The Information Technology & Innovation Foundation I Ac KNOW L EDGEMEN T S The authors would like to thank the following individuals for providing input to the report: Monique Martineau, Lisa Mendelow, and Stephen Norton. Any errors or omissions are the authors’ alone. ABOUT THE AUTHORS Dr. Robert D. Atkinson is President of the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. Stephen J. Ezell is a Senior Analyst at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. Scott M. Andes is a Research Analyst at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. Daniel D. Castro is a Senior Analyst at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. Richard Bennett is a Research Fellow at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. ABOUT THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION FOUNDATION The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF) is a Washington, DC-based think tank at the cutting edge of designing innovation policies and exploring how advances in technology will create new economic opportunities to improve the quality of life. Non-profit, and non-partisan, we offer pragmatic ideas that break free of economic philosophies born in eras long before the first punch card computer and well before the rise of modern China and pervasive globalization. ITIF, founded in 2006, is dedicated to conceiving and promoting the new ways of thinking about technology-driven productivity, competitiveness, and globalization that the 21st century demands. -
1 of 6 C O R P O R a T E Amazon/Acquisitions the Chart
CORPORATE Amazon/Acquisitions The chart below delineates Amazon’s biggest acquisitions, according to Thomson Reuters Deal Intelligence, as reported by The Wall Street Journal: Company Deal Value (Billions) Whole Foods MarKet $13.70 Zappos.com $1.20 Twitch Interactive $0.97 Kiva Systems $0.78 Souq.com $0.70 Quidsi $0.55 Elemental Technologies $0.30 Atlas Air Worldwide $0.28 Alexa Internet $0.26 Exchange.com $0.25 SoftBanK/Charter In early August, Charter Communications passed on the idea of acquiring Sprint, which is majority owned by SoftBanK, a Japanese telecommunications company. Last week, rumors began to circulate that SoftBank is exploring a complex taKeover of Charter. FAST FOOD Little Caesars/Portal Pizza chain Little Caesars introduce The Pizza Portal, a machine that lets Machine customers who order pies to skip the line, grab their pizza and go in more than a dozen locations in the Tucson (AZ) area. How it worKs: download an app to order and pay for food, receive a three digit or QR code and once in the store enter or scan the code to open a self-service hot box at the shop. GLOBAL Nuclear Warheads Estimated nuclear warhead inventories, as reported by The Wall Street Journal: Country Warheads Country Warheads Russia 7,000 Pakistan 140 U.S. 6,800 India 130 France 300 Israel 80 China 270 North Korea 10* U.K. 215 Pakistan 140 *Projection 1 of 6 MOVIES TicKet Sales According to Nielsen, North American box office ticKet sales are down 2.9% even with ticKet prices higher than the prior year – maKing up for some of the diminished theater attendance. -
The Internet and Drug Markets
INSIGHTS EN ISSN THE INTERNET AND DRUG MARKETS 2314-9264 The internet and drug markets 21 The internet and drug markets EMCDDA project group Jane Mounteney, Alessandra Bo and Alberto Oteo 21 Legal notice This publication of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is protected by copyright. The EMCDDA accepts no responsibility or liability for any consequences arising from the use of the data contained in this document. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the official opinions of the EMCDDA’s partners, any EU Member State or any agency or institution of the European Union. Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you). More information on the European Union is available on the internet (http://europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2016 ISBN: 978-92-9168-841-8 doi:10.2810/324608 © European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, 2016 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. This publication should be referenced as: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (2016), The internet and drug markets, EMCDDA Insights 21, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. References to chapters in this publication should include, where relevant, references to the authors of each chapter, together with a reference to the wider publication. For example: Mounteney, J., Oteo, A. and Griffiths, P. -
Timeline 1994 July Company Incorporated 1995 July Amazon
Timeline 1994 July Company Incorporated 1995 July Amazon.com Sells First Book, “Fluid Concepts & Creative Analogies: Computer Models of the Fundamental Mechanisms of Thought” 1996 July Launches Amazon.com Associates Program 1997 May Announces IPO, Begins Trading on NASDAQ Under “AMZN” September Introduces 1-ClickTM Shopping November Opens Fulfillment Center in New Castle, Delaware 1998 February Launches Amazon.com Advantage Program April Acquires Internet Movie Database June Opens Music Store October Launches First International Sites, Amazon.co.uk (UK) and Amazon.de (Germany) November Opens DVD/Video Store 1999 January Opens Fulfillment Center in Fernley, Nevada March Launches Amazon.com Auctions April Opens Fulfillment Center in Coffeyville, Kansas May Opens Fulfillment Centers in Campbellsville and Lexington, Kentucky June Acquires Alexa Internet July Opens Consumer Electronics, and Toys & Games Stores September Launches zShops October Opens Customer Service Center in Tacoma, Washington Acquires Tool Crib of the North’s Online and Catalog Sales Division November Opens Home Improvement, Software, Video Games and Gift Ideas Stores December Jeff Bezos Named TIME Magazine “Person Of The Year” 2000 January Opens Customer Service Center in Huntington, West Virginia May Opens Kitchen Store August Announces Toys “R” Us Alliance Launches Amazon.fr (France) October Opens Camera & Photo Store November Launches Amazon.co.jp (Japan) Launches Marketplace Introduces First Free Super Saver Shipping Offer (Orders Over $100) 2001 April Announces Borders Group Alliance August Introduces In-Store Pick Up September Announces Target Stores Alliance October Introduces Look Inside The BookTM 2002 June Launches Amazon.ca (Canada) July Launches Amazon Web Services August Lowers Free Super Saver Shipping Threshold to $25 September Opens Office Products Store November Opens Apparel & Accessories Store 2003 April Announces National Basketball Association Alliance June Launches Amazon Services, Inc. -
41-1-64-Vlazakis-Pdfa.Pdf (378.1Kb)
Amazon’s Antitrust Fair Play, a Transatlantic Evaluation ANGELOS VLAZAKIS AND ANGELIKI VARELA For the first time after a century, antitrust law has been making head- lines around the country. Amazon, among other technological giants, finds itself in the middle of a cyclone against economic power. This article joins the endeavor of several scholars to understand Amazon’s conduct, but through a different lens. It tries to see the big picture of Amazon’s relevant market of operation, it evaluates indirect and potential competition and reaches the conclusion that the legendary e-retailer has a weak monopoly, if not any monopoly power. Subsequently, the article assesses several doctrines that could sanction Amazon’s market conduct through comparative legal re- search between American and European law to reach the conclusion that a broad interpretation of the current theory would have an adverse impact on social welfare. What if Amazon is a fair market player after all? . Angelos Vlazakis is an Attorney-at-Law; Onassis Foundation Scholar for Anti- trust Law; LL.M., University of Chicago; LL.M. in European Law (hons.) and LL.B. (hons.), National & Kapodistrian University of Athens. Angeliki Varela is an Attorney-at-Law; M.B.A. (hons.), University of Chicago Booth School of Business; LL.M., University of Penn- sylvania; LL.B., National & Kapodistrian University of Athens. The current article is a prod- uct of independent research conducted at the University of Chicago. It represents the opinions of the authors only, and not the position or opinions of the authors’ current employers. We are grateful to Professor Andrew Rosenfield for his meaningful feedback, mentorship and guid- ance throughout the drafting process. -
Amazon Web Services: Overview of Security Processes
Amazon Web Services: Overview of Security Processes March 2020 For the latest technical content, see Best Practices for Security, Identity & Compliance https://aws.amazon.com/architecture/ security-identity-compliance Archived Notices Customers are responsible for making their own independent assessment of the information in this document. This document: (a) is for informational purposes only, (b) represents current AWS product offerings and practices, which are subject to change without notice, and (c) does not create any commitments or assurances from AWS and its affiliates, suppliers or licensors. AWS products or services are provided “as is” without warranties, representations, or conditions of any kind, whether express or implied. The responsibilities and liabilities of AWS to its customers are controlled by AWS agreements, and this document is not part of, nor does it modify, any agreement between AWS and its customers. © 2020 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Archived Contents Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 Shared Security Responsibility Model ................................................................................ 1 AWS Security Responsibilities ......................................................................................... 2 Customer Security Responsibilities ................................................................................. 2 AWS Global Infrastructure Security -
JD: Envisioning the Future of Retail
N9-618-051 REV: MAY 18, 2018 FENG ZHU SHIRLEY SUN JD: Envisioning the Future of Retail After celebrating JD’s 13th birthday on June 18, 2017, Richard Liu, the company’s founder, chairman and CEO, observed the construction site outside his office window. JD was the second largest e- commerce company in China by gross merchandise volume (GMV). (See Exhibit 1 on JD’s growth over the years.) The new office building expanded JD’s headquarters in Beijing, China, and symbolized the company’s recent success. June 18 not only marked JD’s founding, it also represented a shopping festival established by the company—and had quickly become one of China’s largest online shopping festivals in addition to the massive Singles’ Day sale on November 11, originally a festival for youths to celebrate their singlehood, as represented by the date’s four single digits “11.11.” From June 1-18, JD offered special promotions followed by other online retailers. In 2017, JD amassed a $17.6 billion in total transaction volume during that period, an increase of over 50% compared to the same period in the previous year.1 As JD challenged Alibaba more directly, Liu had to decide how to generate continued growth. To him, one important competitiveness of JD lay in the company’s self-operated nationwide logistics network and developments in proprietary technologies.2 With control over fulfillment and delivery, JD was able to offer same-or-next-day delivery as a standard service for Chinese consumers, a strategy that had won customers’ hearts over the years.3 This fulfillment capability put JD in the leadership position, even when compared to its US counterparts such as Amazon. -
Performance at Scale with Amazon Elasticache
Performance at Scale with Amazon ElastiCache July 2019 Notices Customers are responsible for making their own independent assessment of the information in this document. This document: (a) is for informational purposes only, (b) represents current AWS product offerings and practices, which are subject to change without notice, and (c) does not create any commitments or assurances from AWS and its affiliates, suppliers or licensors. AWS products or services are provided “as is” without warranties, representations, or conditions of any kind, whether express or implied. The responsibilities and liabilities of AWS to its customers are controlled by AWS agreements, and this document is not part of, nor does it modify, any agreement between AWS and its customers. © 2019 Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Contents Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 ElastiCache Overview ......................................................................................................... 2 Alternatives to ElastiCache ................................................................................................. 2 Memcached vs. Redis ......................................................................................................... 3 ElastiCache for Memcached ............................................................................................... 5 Architecture with ElastiCache for Memcached ............................................................... -
Lovefilm API
LOVEFiLM API WWW::Lovefilm::API What does LOVEFiLM do? DVDs & games in the post Video on demand via PC, Sony & Samsung TVs Other devices coming soon... Use their website to view film reviews, create a rental list, play trailers, play films etc etc API Exposes lots of the functionality Can write apps to manage your rental list Search for films, actors, directors... Can serve up images for films, links to play trailers, synopsis of each film links for each actor etc etc WWW::Lovefilm::API I created it to help me learn the API I wanted to write apps but before I could do that I needed some lower level code Based on another module in CPAN... thanks to David Westbrook for his blessing OAuth Open standard Used by Twitter, Myspace, Yahoo, Google etc Open protocol to allow secure API authorisation Provides 2 levels of access A website can be given permission to access a users account on the LOVEFiLM site with out being given the users password 2 Legged Oauth 2 legged is the simplest and most common Also called ºtokenlessº No access to users data Quite a lot of the calls do not require anything more than signed requests Signing Send your application key Generate a signiture using the shared secret No need for HTTPS GET /catalog/title?expand=actors%2Csynopsis&term=batman HTTP/1.1 Server: openapi.lovefilm.com Authorization: Oauth oauth_consumer_key="2blu7svnhwkzw29zg7cwkydn", oauth_nonce="b2254b2bd8bf62423c73f1", oauth_signature="h7aMKlgTuE3FvnUIoNWNNuM42Gw%3D", oauth_signature_method="HMAC-SHA1", oauth_timestamp="1256822344", oauth_version="1.0" 3 Legged More of a ºdanceº A user moves from your website/app to the LOVEFiLM web site and you are asked if you wish to give permision to your app. -
Direct Testimony of Russell Grandinetti : US V. Apple, Et
Plaintiffs' exhibit US,. Apple J2· CV·02826 PX-0835 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK ) UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, ) ) Civ il Action No. 12-cv-2826 (DLC) Plaintiff, ) ) v. ) ) APPLE, INC., et al., ) ) Defendants. ) ) THE STATE OF TEXAS; ) THE STATE OF COl\TNECTfCUT; et al., ) ) Plaintiffs, ) ) v. ) Civil Action No. 12-cv-03394 (DLC) ) PENGUIN GROUP (USA) INC. et al., ) ) Defendants. ) ) DIRECT TESTIMONY OF RUSSELL C. GRANDINETTI (AMAZON.COM) l . My name is Russell C. Grandinetti. I am employed by Amazon.eom ("Amazon"); my current position is Vice President - Kindle. 2. After eaming a Bachelor of Science in engineering from Princeton University, I worked in London at a children's psychiatric clinic. When I returned to New York, I worked at Anderson Consulting for two years writing software and building systems, and then I spent almost two years at Morgan Stanley in equity research following technology companies, which is how I was introduced to Amazon. My Duties and Responsibilities at Amazon 3. I have worked for Amazon for the last 15 years. Immediately prior to joining the Kindle team, I was Vice President in charge of Amazon's book business (now known as the print books business) in North America. In that role I reported to JeffWilke, who reported to Jeff Bezos, CEO of the company. 4. I joined the Kindle team in October 2009 and reported to Steve Kessel, who reported to Mr. Bezos. Mr. Kessel went on sabbatical in late fall 2011; since that time 1 have reported directly to Mr. Bezos. ln my role as VP-Kindle, I have overall responsibility for Kindle content worldwide. -
Is Amazon the Next Google?
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Budzinski, Oliver; Köhler, Karoline Henrike Working Paper Is Amazon the next Google? Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers, No. 97 Provided in Cooperation with: Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics Suggested Citation: Budzinski, Oliver; Köhler, Karoline Henrike (2015) : Is Amazon the next Google?, Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers, No. 97, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Institut für Volkswirtschaftslehre, Ilmenau This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/142322 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially -
BUSINESS WIRE)—January 28, 2016—Amazon.Com, Inc
AMAZON.COM ANNOUNCES FOURTH QUARTER SALES UP 22% TO $35.7 BILLION SEATTLE—(BUSINESS WIRE)—January 28, 2016—Amazon.com, Inc. (NASDAQ: AMZN) today announced financial results for its fourth quarter ended December 31, 2015. Operating cash flow increased 74% to $11.9 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $6.8 billion for the trailing twelve months ended December 31, 2014. Free cash flow increased to $7.3 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $1.9 billion for the trailing twelve months ended December 31, 2014. Free cash flow less lease principal repayments increased to $4.7 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with $529 million for the trailing twelve months ended December 31, 2014. Free cash flow less finance lease principal repayments and assets acquired under capital leases increased to $2.5 billion for the trailing twelve months, compared with an outflow of $2.2 billion for the trailing twelve months ended December 31, 2014. Common shares outstanding plus shares underlying stock-based awards totaled 490 million on December 31, 2015, compared with 483 million one year ago. Fourth Quarter 2015 Net sales increased 22% to $35.7 billion in the fourth quarter, compared with $29.3 billion in fourth quarter 2014. Excluding the $1.2 billion unfavorable impact from year-over-year changes in foreign exchange rates throughout the quarter, net sales increased 26% compared with fourth quarter 2014. Operating income increased 88% to $1.1 billion in the fourth quarter, compared with operating income of $591 million in fourth quarter 2014. Net income was $482 million in the fourth quarter, or $1.00 per diluted share, compared with net income of $214 million, or $0.45 per diluted share, in fourth quarter 2014.