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Arch 17 Htc: Philippine Architecture

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Arch 17 Htc: Philippine Architecture Arch 17 htc: philippine architecture Post-Colonial Period to Contemporary Times NOTES BY: Nina Camille D. Pilapil 1 Post-colonial Period to Contemporary Times Part 1 History • 1945- Battle for Liberation destroyed most of the colonial architecture in Manila • March 7, 1945- President Osmeña reconstituted the Commonwealth government • Congress conceved to address rehabilitaion • July 4, 1946- Through the Tydings-McDuffie Act, the Philippines became independent • Senator Milard Tydings sponsored the Philippine Rehabilitaion Act • April 1945- • … Louis Croft • Landscape architect and engineer • City Planning Office Head in Malacañang • Responsible for the physical rehabilitation of Manila • Metropolitan Thoroughfare Plan (1945)- laying of six circumferential and ten radial roads covering Metropolitan Manila • Downtown Manila Plan (1947) 1950’s • Saw a construction and building boom through the back pay and war damage claims • Building program of the new Republic grew beyond capacity of BPW 1952 • … The New Capitol City • July 23, 1946- Administrative Order No. 5 formed a Capital Site Committee headed by Senator Melencio Arranz • 1947- President Roxas dispatched a mission of Filipino architects and engineers on a study junket of the US, South America and Latin America • July 17, 1948- Republic Act No. 333 created the new capital city and the Capital City Planning • October 22, 1949- Quezon City was inaugurated at the capital city • March 18, 1949- Juan Arellano, head of the CCPC submitted “The Master Plan for the New City Capital” The Master Plan for the New Capital City • Four Major Districs: 1. Metropolitan Area- zoned into three main units a. Constitution Hill b. Executive Center- Executive Department, the Bureaus, housing projects for government employees c. Business Center 2. North Neighborhood District 3. West Neighborhood District 4. South Neighborhood District 2 NOTES BY: Nina Camille D. Pilapil 1955- the government perfected the plan to move all National offices from Manila to Quezon City Housing the Filipino People • People’s Homesite Corporation (PHC) o Created by President Quezon on October 14, 1938 o First housing agency o Purchaed the Diliman estate (owned by the Tuason family) • National Housing Corporation (NHC) o Created in 1947 o Created residential units for officials of Philippine… (JUSMAG) • People’s Homesite and Housing Corporation (PHHC) o Created on October 4, 1947 to merge the PHC and NHC o Headed by Director Anselmo T. Alquinto o Designed and mass-fabricated low-cost bungalow units o Designed and developed suburban communities: . Kamuning Housing Project . Projects 1-8 and 16 • PHHC’s housing projects were configured according to the “neighborhood unit” • Planning features include: o Site for schoolhouses o School playground o Church o Hospital o Marketplace o Commercial lots o Residential district o Asphalted roads • PHHC’s projects contain 3 types of residential units: o Three-storey row house-dwelling type o Single-detached-house o Twin or duplex house • PHHC model house characteristics: o Designed for a family of five o Build of reinforced CHB o Concrete floor slabs o Roofing was of cement-asbestos sheets on wood framework o No ceilings • Bungalow o One storey house o Large windows o May have a lanai o Could be compact or sprawling in plan o Slightly elevated from the ground of can be on ground level • Philam Homes o Developed in 1955 by Philippine American Life Insurance Company o Catered to moderate income families o Provided with 24 schemes of bungalows o Additional notes: . now has carport (zaguan in Spanish Colonial) NOTES BY: Nina Camille D. Pilapil 3 . has partitions but living and dining are now combined . bedrooms close to each other with t&b nearby . kitchen has utility area inside the house • Gated villages for the rich o San Lorenzo Village o Bel-Air Village o Urdaneta Village o San Miguel Village o Magallanes Village o Dasmariñas Village • The 1950’s saw the rise of the so-called “third-generation architects” o Otilio Arellano o Carlos Arguelles o Cesar Concio o Cresenciano de Castro o Gabrial Formoso o Leandro Locsin o Alfredo Luz o Felipe Mendoza o Angel Nakpil o Jose Zaragoza o Francisco Fajardo o Augusto Fernando o Carlos Banag o Gines Rivera o … o Mañosa Brothers FEDERICO ILUSTRE • BPW Consulting Architect 1954-1970 • … • Examples: o Quezon Memorial o Veterans Memorial o GSIS Building o Motor Vehicles Office o Dept. of Agriculture and National Resources Complex o People’s Homesite and Housing Corporation Building by PHHC Architecture Division (in International Style) . Brise soleil o Department of Education JUAN NAKPIL • UP Library • Quezon Hall • Rizal Park • National Theater National Library by Hexagon Architects (along Kalaw St.) Quezon City Assembly Hall by Ruperto Gaite UP Melchor Hall by Cesar Concio 4 NOTES BY: Nina Camille D. Pilapil SPACE AGE DESIGN Thin Shell • WHO Auditorium • Philippine Atomic Research Center • Church of the Risen Lord in UP by Cesar Concio • UP Chapel by Leandro Locsin Folded Plate • Commercial Bank and Trust Building by Juan Nakpil • UP International Center by Victor Tiotuyco • Union Church by Jose Ma. Zaragoza Pateriform • Artemio Reyes Residence by Marcos de Guzman • Mutya ng Pasig • Ignacio Arroyo Residence by Mañosa Brothers • Araneta Colliseum INTERNATIONAL STYLE • Cubist forms • Concrete, steel and plate glass • Simple and functional • Unornamented • Local version characterized by deep overhangs, pierced screens and brise soleils • Examples: o UST Engineering and Architecture Building by Julio Victor Rocha o US Embassy by Alfred Aydelott o World Health Organization Building by Alfredo Luz o Insular Life Building o National Press Club Building by Angel Nakpil Pierced Screen • Boy Scouts of the Philippines showing its Brise Soleils (sun breakers) May 5, 1959- amendment of Manila Ordinance No. 4131 allowing buildings up to 45 meters (skyscrapers) • Ayala Avenue in the 1960s Picache Building by Angel Nakpil • First high rise building • In Quiapo Insular Life Building by Cesar Concio • Increased height • Almost 12 storeys high Ramon Magsaysay Center by Alfredo Luz Manila Hilton Hotel by Welton Becket and Carlos Arguelles Asian Development Bank by Creseciano De Castro Commercial Credit Corpiration BRUTALISM • Derived from beton brut- “rough concrete” • Massive and unrefined NOTES BY: Nina Camille D. Pilapil 5 • Exposed concrete • Simple forms • Brick and glass used for block-like effect Search for Identity and Orientalism • Early attempt in the pre-war period by Jual Arellano on Cotabato Municipal Hall • Sulo Hotel by Mañosa Brothers • Polynesian Tiki Style influenced Max Restaurant by Mañosa Brothers • Valley Gold Club House by Gabriel Formoso • Philippine Pavilion at the 1958 Brussels Universal Exposition by Federico Ilustre • Philippine Pavilion of Handicrafts at the 1962 Seattles World Exposition by Luis Ma. Araneta (inventing tradition- spoon and fork) • Pavilion of the Republic of the Philippines in the 1964 New York’s World Fair by Otillo Arellano (salakot) • The Philippine Pavilion for the 1970 Osaka World Exposition by Leandro Locsin (vinta) __________END OF PART 1__________ Modernism Post Colonial Period to Contemporary Times Part 2: Vernacular Renaissance History: • Imelda Marcos instilled the role of architecture in building the New Society (Bagong Lipunan) in her monographs o 1970- Architecture: The Social Art o 1975- Architecture for the Common Man • 1975- Imelda initiated unification of the three architectural organizations 1. Philippine Institute of Architects (PIA) 2. League of Philippine Architects (LPA) 3. Association of Philippine Government Architects (AGPA) o All under United Architects of the Philippines (UAP) • November 1975- created Metropolitan Manila Commission (MMC -> MMDA) which she headed as governor • 1979- Imelda Marcos given the title of First Honorary Member of the UAP • Palingenesis / Palingenetic o “Great Malayan Culture” o Utopian idea of rebirth or spiritual regeneration o Recreation of national identity • Batasang Pambansa Complex by Felipe Mendoza • Bagong Lipunan Improvement of Sites and Services o A model community of self-reliant and self-sufficient settlement designed for fifty to a hundred families • Kapitbahayan Housing Project in Tondo, Manila by Felipe Mendoza • Lungsod Silangan somewhere in Quezon • National Arts Center by Leandro Locsin • Zamboanga International Airport • Baguio Convention Center by Jorge Ramos • Coconut Palace by Francisco Mañosa o Coconut Utilization Program 6 NOTES BY: Nina Camille D. Pilapil . Project funded by UNIDO • PHILTRADE by Planning Resources Operations System (PROS) • Bagong Lipunan Modernity and the Invention of National Architecture • Leandro Locsin o CCP o Folk Arts Theater o PHILCITE o Philippine International Convention Center • Manila Film Center by Froilan L. Hong • Government Service (GSIS) • Philippine Heart Center for Asia • Lung Center of the Philippines • Passively Cooled Urban House by Geronimo V. Manahan LEANDRO LOCSIN • “poet of space” • Works: o 75 residences o 88 buildings o A Sultanate’s Palace • Major Works: 1. Theater of Performing Arts 2. Manila International Airport 3. Ayala Tower One 4. Istana Nurul Iman (palace of the king of Brunei) 5. Makati Stock Exchange 6. Benguet Corporation Building FELIPE MENDOZA (1917-2000) • Advocate of Tropicalism • Major Works: 1. Ministry of Education and Culture 2. Ministry of Foreign Affairs 3. Development Academy of the Philipines 4. Church of Jesus of Latter Day Saints 5. Bicol University 6. Central Mindanao
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