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Edited by Kenneth A. Reinert & Ramkishen S COPYRIGHT NOTICE: Edited by Kenneth A. Reinert & Ramkishen S. Rajan: The Princeton Encyclopedia of the World Economy is published by Princeton University Press and copyrighted, © 2008, by Princeton University Press. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher, except for reading and browsing via the World Wide Web. Users are not permitted to mount this file on any network servers. Follow links Class Use and other Permissions. For more information, send email to: [email protected] Directory of Contributors Rajat Acharyya Sven W. Arndt Reader, Department of Economics, Jadavpur Charles M. Stone Professor of Money, Credit, University, Calcutta and Trade, Claremont McKenna College trade and wages (coauthor) fragmentation Charles Adams Nancy Neiman Auerbach Visiting Professor, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Associate Professor of International Political Policy, National University of Singapore Economy, Scripps College carry trade financial liberalization; Latin American debt crisis; petrodollars, recycling of (coauthor) Joshua Aizenman Professor of Economics, University of California, Marc Bacchetta Santa Cruz Counselor, Economic Research and Statistics Division financial crisis; international reserves World Trade Organization tariff escalation; tariffs Mark Allen Director, Policy and Development Review Department, International Monetary Fund Christopher M. Bacon Lecturer, Departments of Latin American and Latino balance sheet approach/effects (coauthor) Studies, Sociology and Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz Kym Anderson George Gollin Professor of Economics, University fair trade of Adelaide Jennifer Bair distortions to agricultural incentives Assistant Professor of Sociology, Yale University Klaus Armingeon commodity chains Professor of Political Science and Director, Institute of Political Science, University of Berne King Banaian Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Professor of Economics, St. Cloud State University Development (OECD) currency substitution and dollarization xxv Directory Subhayu Bandyopadhyay James M. Boughton Research Officer, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Historian, International Monetary Fund common market (coauthor) International Monetary Fund surveillance of Contributors Frank Barry Franc¸ois Bourguignon Lecturer, School of Economics, Director, Paris School of Economics University College Dublin global income inequality (coauthor) foreign direct investment and labor markets Paul Bowles Andrew L. Beath Professor of Economics, University of Northern British PhD Candidate in Government, Harvard Columbia University beggar-thy-neighbor policies; mercantilism migration, international (coauthor) Russell S. Boyer Hamid Beladi Professor of Economics, University of Western Professor of Economics, College of Business, Ontario University of Texas at San Antonio Mundell-Fleming model nontraded goods (coauthor) Carlos A. Primo Braga Paul Bergin Senior Advisor, International Policy and Partnerships Associate Professor of Economics, University Group, World Bank of California, Davis World Trade Organizaton, accession to Balassa-Samuelson effect (coauthor) Pradip Bhatnagar Mark R. Brawley Economist, Technical Support Facility of the Group Professor of Political Science, McGill University of Fifteen (G-15), Geneva globalization temporary movement of natural persons Drusilla K. Brown Richard Blackhurst Associate Professor of Economics, Tufts University Professor of International Economics, labor standards The Fletcher School, Tufts University General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT); Richard C. K. Burdekin World Trade Organization Jonathan B. Lovelace Professor of Economics, Claremont McKenna College Robert A. Blecker commodity-price pegging; debt deflation; Professor of Economics, American University quantity theory of money; seigniorage steel Kenneth Button Clemens F. J. Boonekamp Professor of Public Policy and Director, Center for Director, Trade Policies Review Division, Transportation Policy, Operations, and Logistics, World Trade Organization George Mason University Trade Policy Review Mechanism air transportation; shipping xxvi Directory Fang Cai Christopher K. Clague Economist, Division of International Finance, Emeritus Professor of Economics, Federal Reserve University of Maryland of home country bias democracy and development Contributors Rui Castro Jennifer Clapp Associate Professor of Economics, CIGI Chair in International Governance and Professor, Universite´ de Montre´al Faculty of Environmental Studies, growth in open economies, neoclassical models University of Waterloo Basel Convention Tony Cavoli Lecturer, School of Commerce, University of Kimberly A. Clausing South Australia Professor of Economics, Reed College capital mobility (coauthor); inflation targeting; intrafirm trade monetary policy rules Paul Collier Avik Chakrabarti Professor of Economics and Director, Center for the Associate Professor of Economics, Study of African Economies, University of Oxford University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee aid, military (coauthor) nontraded goods (coauthor) Brian R. Copeland Maggie Xiaoyang Chen Professor of Economics, University of British Assistant Professor of Economics and International Columbia Affairs, George Washington University pollution haven hypothesis fixed costs and foreign direct investment; market access Germa´n Creamer Center for Computational Learning Systems, Yin-Wong Cheung Columbia University Professor of Economics, University of California, Santa Cruz Andean Community exchange rate forecasting; purchasing power Edward Crenshaw parity Associate Professor of Sociology, Menzie D. Chinn Ohio State University Professor of Economics and Public Affairs, Robert M. digital divide La Follette School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin Michael R. Curtis effective exchange rate; forward premium Adjunct Professor of Public Policy, puzzle; interest parity conditions George Mason University petroleum Eric M. P. Chiu Assistant Professor, Institute of National Policy and Lewis S. Davis Public Affairs, National Chung Hsing University Assistant Professor of Economics, Union College currency crisis (coauthor) development xxvii Directory Harry de Gorter Jonathan P. Doh Associate Professor, Department of Associate Professor of Management Applied Economics and Management, and Operations, Herbert G. Rammrath Endowed of Cornell University Chair in International Business, and Director, Contributors tariff rate quotas Center for Global Leadership, Villanova School of Business, Villanova University James W. Dean nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) Ross Distinguished Professor, Department of Economics, Western Washington University Kathryn M. E. Dominguez Eurocurrencies; exorbitant privilege; money Professor of Public Policy and Economics, University supply of Michigan, and Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research Alan V. Deardorff sterilization John W. Sweetland Professor of International Economics and Professor of Economics Brian Doyle and Public Policy, University of Michigan Senior Economist, International Finance Division, Ricardian model Federal Reserve Board New Open Economy Macroeconomics Gelaye Debebe Assistant Professor of Organizational Sciences, Graham Dutfield George Washington University Professor of International Governance, School brain waste of Law, University of Leeds Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Sirathorn Dechsakulthorn Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS); World PhD Candidate in Economics, Claremont Intellectual Property Organization Graduate University discipline (coauthor) Eric V. Edmonds Associate Professor of Economics, Dartmouth Robert Dekle College; Director, Child Labor Network, Institute for Professor of Economics, University of Southern the Study of Labor (IZA); Faculty Research Fellow, California National Bureau of Economic Research banking crisis child labor Desmond Dinan Andrew Elek Jean Monnet Professor, School of Public Policy, Independent Scholar George Mason University Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) European Union (coauthor) Elias Dinopoulos Kimberly Ann Elliott Professor of Economics, University of Florida Senior Fellow, Center for Global Development and growth in open economies, Schumpeterian Peter G. Peterson Institute for International Economics models International Labor Organization xxviii Directory Korkut A. Erturk Michael Ferrantino Professor of Economics, University of Utah International Economist, U.S. International bubbles; speculation Trade Commission of appropriate technology and foreign Contributors Wilfred J. Ethier direct investment Professor of Economics, University of Pennsylvania Francisco Ferreira economies of scale Development Research Group, World Bank Simon J. Evenett global income inequality (coauthor) Professor of International Trade and Economic Development, Swiss Institute for International Ben Ferrett Economics and Applied Economic Research, Research Fellow, Leverhulme Center for Research University of St. Gallen; Research Fellow, Center on Globalization and Economic Policy, School of for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) Economics, University of Nottingham competition policy; government procurement; foreign direct investment under oligopoly World Trade Organization, accession to Christopher Findlay (coauthor) Professor of Economics, University of Adelaide David Favre Asia Pacific Economic
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