Transshipment

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Transshipment FAO ISSN 2070-7010 FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE TECHNICAL PAPER 661 Transshipment: a closer look An in-depth study in support of the development of international guidelines Cover illustration: ©FAO/Lorenzo Catena FAO FISHERIES AND Transshipment: a closer look AQUACULTURE TECHNICAL An in-depth study in support PAPER of the development of international guidelines 661 by Alicia Mosteiro Cabanelas1 Fisheries Officer, FAO Glenn D. Quelch1 Consultant, FAO Kristín Von Kistowski1 Consultant, FAO Mark Young2 Executive Director, IMCS Giuliano Carrara1 Fisheries Officer, FAO Adelaida Rey Aneiros1 Consultant, FAO Ramón Franquesa Artés1 Consultant, FAO Stefán Ásmundsson1 Consultant, FAO Blaise Kuemlangan3 Chief, Development Law Service, FAO Matthew Camilleri1 Head, Fishing Operations and Technology Branch, FAO FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2020 1 Fishing Operations and Technology Branch, Fisheries - Natural Resources and Sustainable Production, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy 2 International Monitoring, Control and Surveillance Network, Washington, D.C., United States of America 3 Development Law Service, Legal Office, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy Required citation: Mosteiro Cabanelas, A. (ed.), Quelch, G.D., Von Kistowski, K., Young, M., Carrara, G., Rey Aneiros, A., Franquesa Artés, R., Ásmundsson, S., Kuemlangan, B. and Camilleri, M. 2020. Transshipment: a closer look – An in-depth study in support of the development of international guidelines. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 661. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb2339en The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-133684-7 © FAO, 2020 Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo/ legalcode). Under the terms of this licence, this work may be copied, redistributed and adapted for non-commercial purposes, provided that the work is appropriately cited. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that FAO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the FAO logo is not permitted. If the work is adapted, then it must be licensed under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If a translation of this work is created, it must include the following disclaimer along with the required citation: “This translation was not created by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). FAO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original [Language] edition shall be the authoritative edition.” Disputes arising under the licence that cannot be settled amicably will be resolved by mediation and arbitration as described in Article 8 of the licence except as otherwise provided herein. The applicable mediation rules will be the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules and any arbitration will be conducted in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). Third-party materials. Users wishing to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures or images, are responsible for determining whether permission is needed for that reuse and for obtaining permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party- owned component in the work rests solely with the user. Sales, rights and licensing. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/ publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. Requests for commercial use should be submitted via: www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request. Queries regarding rights and licensing should be submitted to: [email protected]. iii Preparation of this document At its Thirty-second Session (Rome, Italy, 11–15 July 2016), the FAO Committee on Fisheries (COFI) encouraged FAO to initiate work on transshipment in the context of IUU fishing. In 2017, FAO initiated this work with a global review of transshipment regulations, practices and control mechanisms. The study, qualitative in nature, shed some light on the variety of transshipment practices, the coverage of transshipment regulations and the need to reinforce control of transshipment. The study was presented to the Thirty-third Session of COFI (Rome, Italy, 9–13 July 2018), which expressed further concern about transshipment activities, calling for an in-depth study to support the development of guidelines on best practices to regulate, monitor and control transshipment. The study was planned and conceptualized during the second quarter of 2019; a study team was convened, and the general concept, scope and work plan decided upon. Work commenced in the third quarter of 2019 and continued until the end of the year. Regular coordination meetings were held in Rome, during which the study team evaluated progress towards milestones, fine-tuning the study planning as appropriate. Fieldwork and background research were completed at the end of 2019. The drafting and preparation of the report began early in 2020. The intention is for this report to form the basis of discussions towards the development iv Abstract Ongoing concerns have been expressed by the international community regarding the risks that transshipment could facilitate the introduction of illegal, unreported or unregulated (IUU) fish or fish products into the seafood supply chain. Owing to such concerns, the Committee on Fisheries (COFI) of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) requested that the subject be studied in-depth for the possible development of international guidelines on transshipment, based on best practice. The FAO fisheries operations and technology branch (NFIO, formerly FIAO) took up this request and formulated a study team to take the work forward. The study methodology was designed around five core elements: field visits, aiming to ensure a broad geographical balance; a global survey, pitched at FAO Members, regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and industry stakeholders; specific case studies looking at tuna and squid fisheries; bilateral discussions with a broad range of RFMOs and due reference to published literature on the subject of transshipment and associated activities. Six months were spent applying the methodology, after which the results were collated and analysed, and the draft report prepared. The widespread and diverse nature of transshipment as a practice is striking. It occurs in all kinds of fisheries ranging from small-scale artisanal activities taking place in coastal areas, to large-scale industrial activity taking place on the high seas far from shore. Most operators would argue that transshipment activity is essential to their operations; unsurprisingly this is largely driven by economic factors. The study naturally gravitated towards a focus on risk. Its main line of enquiry focused on the extent to which the risks identified were mitigated by existing managerial arrangements, and what levels of residual risk remained. The implementation of existing measures was identified as a challenge. The study concludes with a discussion centred on identifying those managerial elements which could form the foundation for a discussion on the development of international guidelines based on best practice. v Contents Preparation of this document iii Abstract iv Acknowledgements ix Abbreviations and acronyms xi Executive summary xiii 1. Background 1 2. Methodology and approach 3 3. Findings 5 3.1 2019 Global transshipment survey 5 3.1.1 FAO Members 5 3.1.2 Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) 13 3.1.3 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) 19 3.1.4 Industry stakeholders 22 3.2 Field missions 22 3.3 RFMO management and risk mitigation 41 3.4 Case studies 50 3.4.1 Tuna 50 3.4.1 Squid 59 3.5 Types of transshipment 66 4. Discussion 79 4.1 Occurrences and hotspots 79 4.2 Overview of drivers 89 4.2.1 Economics 90 4.2.2 Avoidance of control measures 97 4.2.3 Other drivers 102 4.3 Risks and impacts 103 5. Recommendations 109 5.1 Key elements for consideration in the development of 109 Global Guidelines 5.2 Areas of emerging and persistent concern 113 References 117 Annex I - 2019 Global Survey Questions 123 vi Tables 1. Percentage of reporting States reported to be applying management measures 11 2. Percentage of States implementing MCS Measures on transshipment operations 12 in 2017 3. Number of transshipment events and tonnage transshipped in different 14 location in 2017 4. Definition of terms included in the regulatory framework of reporting RFMOs 17 5. Availability of publicly searchable lists of vessels authorized to transship at sea 17 6. Requirements for notifications and authorizations to transship at sea 17 7. Responses to non-compliance 18 8. MCS measures used to control transshipment operations in 2017 18 9. Regions, countries and Ports visited during the fact-finding field missions 22 10. Authorities and stakeholders consulted in the port of Manta, Ecuador 23 11. Reefer arrivals by month in the port of Manta, Ecuador, based on limited 23 datasets for 2017 and 2019 and more comprehensive data for 2018 12.
Recommended publications
  • Fronts in the World Ocean's Large Marine Ecosystems. ICES CM 2007
    - 1 - This paper can be freely cited without prior reference to the authors International Council ICES CM 2007/D:21 for the Exploration Theme Session D: Comparative Marine Ecosystem of the Sea (ICES) Structure and Function: Descriptors and Characteristics Fronts in the World Ocean’s Large Marine Ecosystems Igor M. Belkin and Peter C. Cornillon Abstract. Oceanic fronts shape marine ecosystems; therefore front mapping and characterization is one of the most important aspects of physical oceanography. Here we report on the first effort to map and describe all major fronts in the World Ocean’s Large Marine Ecosystems (LMEs). Apart from a geographical review, these fronts are classified according to their origin and physical mechanisms that maintain them. This first-ever zero-order pattern of the LME fronts is based on a unique global frontal data base assembled at the University of Rhode Island. Thermal fronts were automatically derived from 12 years (1985-1996) of twice-daily satellite 9-km resolution global AVHRR SST fields with the Cayula-Cornillon front detection algorithm. These frontal maps serve as guidance in using hydrographic data to explore subsurface thermohaline fronts, whose surface thermal signatures have been mapped from space. Our most recent study of chlorophyll fronts in the Northwest Atlantic from high-resolution 1-km data (Belkin and O’Reilly, 2007) revealed a close spatial association between chlorophyll fronts and SST fronts, suggesting causative links between these two types of fronts. Keywords: Fronts; Large Marine Ecosystems; World Ocean; sea surface temperature. Igor M. Belkin: Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA [tel.: +1 401 874 6533, fax: +1 874 6728, email: [email protected]].
    [Show full text]
  • CAF-06-03 Program to Monitor Transshipments At
    INTER-AMERICAN TROPICAL TUNA COMMISSION COMMITTEE ON ADMINISTRATION AND FINANCE 6th MEETING San Diego, California (USA) 20 August 2018 DOCUMENT CAF-06-03 CORR. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IATTC REGIONAL OBSERVER PROGRAM FOR TRANSSHIPMENTS AT SEA 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Implementation and operation .............................................................................................................. 1 3. Results to date ...................................................................................................................................... 3 4. Financing .............................................................................................................................................. 6 5. Pending issues ...................................................................................................................................... 8 1. INTRODUCTION The IATTC observer program to monitor transshipments at sea by carrier vessels in the eastern Pacific Ocean (EPO) is regulated by Resolution C-12-07. It started in January 2009, and it will have operated for nine and a half years by August 2018. In 2016, with the approval of the Members that currently participate in the program, the Secretariat signed a three-year contract with the Marine Resources Assessment Group (MRAG) consortium for operating the program through 2019. The rates MRAG charges for services are fixed for the duration
    [Show full text]
  • Compliance and Enforcement for the Exclusive Economic Zone Fisheries Management in the United Republic of Anzaniat
    World Maritime University The Maritime Commons: Digital Repository of the World Maritime University World Maritime University Dissertations Dissertations 11-4-2018 Compliance and enforcement for the exclusive economic zone fisheries management in the United Republic of anzaniaT Christian Alphonce Nzowa Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.wmu.se/all_dissertations Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, and the Economic Policy Commons Recommended Citation Nzowa, Christian Alphonce, "Compliance and enforcement for the exclusive economic zone fisheries management in the United Republic of Tanzania" (2018). World Maritime University Dissertations. 682. https://commons.wmu.se/all_dissertations/682 This Dissertation is brought to you courtesy of Maritime Commons. Open Access items may be downloaded for non-commercial, fair use academic purposes. No items may be hosted on another server or web site without express written permission from the World Maritime University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WORLD MARITIME UNIVERSITY Malmö, Sweden COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT FOR THE EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA By CHRISTIAN ALPHONCE NZOWA Tanzania A dissertation submitted to the World Maritime University in partial Fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In MARITIME AFFAIRS (OCEAN SUSTAINABILITY GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT) 2018 Copyright: Christian Alphonce Nzowa, 2018 Declaration I certify that all the material in the dissertation that is not my own work has been identified, and that no material is included for which a degree has previously been conferred on me.The content of this dissertation reflect my own personal views, and are not necessarily endorsed by the University.
    [Show full text]
  • Shining a Light on High Seas Transhipment: the Need to Strengthen Observer Reporting of Transhipments in the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission
    Hastings Environmental Law Journal Volume 26 Number 2 Summer 2020 Article 2 2020 Shining a Light on High Seas Transhipment: The Need to Strengthen Observer Reporting of Transhipments in the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission Chris Wold Alfred “Bubba” Cook Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/ hastings_environmental_law_journal Part of the Environmental Law Commons Recommended Citation Chris Wold and Alfred “Bubba” Cook, Shining a Light on High Seas Transhipment: The Need to Strengthen Observer Reporting of Transhipments in the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission, 26 Hastings Envt'l L.J. 185 (2019) Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_environmental_law_journal/vol26/iss2/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings Environmental Law Journal by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HASTINGS ENVIRONMENTAL LAW JOURNAL (DO NOT DELETE) 11/01/19 Shining a Light on High Seas Transhipment: The Need to Strengthen Observer Reporting of Transhipments in the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission Chris Wold* & Alfred “Bubba” Cook** I. Introduction The oceans are “enormously wide, deep and nontransparent.”1 Light rapidly dissipates beyond a depth of 200 meters,2 hiding the valuable tuna, swordfish, and other marine fish stocks sought by a global fleet of 4.6 million vessels.3 But the oceans also hide a multitude of sins, including illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, human rights violations, wildlife smuggling, and drug and gun smuggling.4 At the United Nations Security Council, transnational crime on the oceans has been linked to conflicts in Africa, millions of dollars of lost revenue, the spread of weapons, and drug and human trafficking.5 Nowhere is the ability to hide more true than the immense Western and Central Pacific Ocean.
    [Show full text]
  • Venezuela Location Geography Food
    Venezuela Location Venezuela, officially the Republic of Venezuela, is a republic (1995 est. pop. 21,005,000), 352,143 sq mi. (912,050 sq. km), in the northern part of South America. With the Caribbean Sea in the north, Venezuela has a coastline of 1,750 long. It is bordered on the south by Brazil, on the west and southwest by Colombia, and on the east by Guyana. Dependencies include Margarita Island, Tortuga Island, and many smaller island groups in the Caribbean. Caracas is the capital and also the largest city in Venezuela. Geography Venezuela, a third larger than Texas, occupies most of the northern coast of South America on the Caribbean Sea. Mountain systems break Venezuela into four distinct areas: (1) the Maracaibo lowlands; (2) the mountainous region in the north and northwest; (3) the Orinoco basin, with the llanos (vast grass-covered plains) on its northern border and great forest areas in the south and southeast, and (4) the Guiana Highlands, south of the Orinoco, accounting for nearly half the national territory. Food The food in Venezuela is generally easy and flavorful. Caracas, the capital of Venezuela, claims to have a greater variety of restaurants than any other South American city, and it would certainly be a pleasure to try and prove it, even if you failed. Venezuelan cooking has European, indigenous, and African roots – a heterodox cuisine formed over the centuries by immigrants. Some of the native dishes include: Page 1 of 7 - Pabellon - stewed and shredded meat accompanied by rice, black beans, and baban -Hallaca - a traditional Christmas dish.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rail Freight Challenge for Emerging Economies How to Regain Modal Share
    The Rail Freight Challenge for Emerging Economies How to Regain Modal Share Bernard Aritua INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS The Rail Freight Challenge for Emerging Economies How to Regain Modal Share Bernard Aritua © 2019 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 22 21 20 19 Books in this series are published to communicate the results of Bank research, analysis, and operational experience with the least possible delay. The extent of language editing varies from book to book. This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpre- tations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo.
    [Show full text]
  • The Venezuelan Hydrocarbon Habitat, Part 1: Tectonics, Structure, Palaeogeography and Source Rocks
    Journal of Petroleum Geology, vo1.23(1), January 2000, pp 5-53. 5 THE VENEZUELAN HYDROCARBON HABITAT, PART 1: TECTONICS, STRUCTURE, PALAEOGEOGRAPHY AND SOURCE ROCKS K. H. James* Venezuela forms part of an important hydrocarbon province, defined by the presence of prolific Cretaceous source rocks, which extends across northern South America. By early 1997, the country had produced 53 billion barrels of oil. Reserves are estimated to total 73 billion barrels of oil and 146 TCF of gas with 250 billion barrels recoverable in the Heavy Oil Belt. Most reserves are located within the intermontane Maracaibo and foreland Barinas-Apure and Eastern Venezuela BasinxThey correspond to more than 1.5 trillion BOE originally in place. The province S hydrocarbon history began with a broad passive margin over which the sea transgressed throughout much ofthe Cretaceous. Limestones and shales followed basal sands and included rich source rocks. Convergence between the distal part of the area and the Caribbean Plate created an active margin that migrated southwards, so that flysch and wildflysch followed the transgressive facies. The process culminated in Lute Cretaceous to Middle Eocene orogeny with the emplacement of southward-vergent nappes and the development of northward-deepeningforedeeps. Flysch and wildflysch formed in the north while important deltaic - paralic reservoir sands accumulated in the south. Major phases of hydrocarbon generationfrom Jurassic-Cretaceoussource rocks occurred across the entire margin of northern South America during the orogeny. They are recorded by Jurassic - Middle Cretaceous graphitic marbles, schists and quartzites (metamorphosed, organic limestones and shales and oil-bearing sandstones) in the Coastal and Northern Ranges of Venezuela and Trinidad.
    [Show full text]
  • Border Dispute A
    University of Miami Law School Institutional Repository University of Miami Inter-American Law Review 2-1-1974 Gulf of Venezuela: Border Dispute A. M. Birken Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.law.miami.edu/umialr Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, and the International Law Commons Recommended Citation A. M. Birken, Gulf of Venezuela: Border Dispute, 6 U. Miami Inter-Am. L. Rev. 52 (1974) Available at: http://repository.law.miami.edu/umialr/vol6/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Miami Inter- American Law Review by an authorized administrator of Institutional Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GULF OF VENEZUELA: BORDER DISPUTE ARTHUR M. BIRKEN* INTRODUCTION Two segments of the Gulf of Venezuela are the subject of serious controversy between Venezuela and Colombia. These areas represent a relatively small number of square miles, but the possibility of the exist- ence of petroleum deposits appears to have created a potentially volatile situation. Efforts made by the two governments to arrive at a settlement through the traditional means of bilateral negotiations appear to have reached a stalemate. The Gulf of Venezuela is located at the northernmost boundary of the two countries. The Paraguana Peninsula, under the sovereignty of Venezuela, is at the eastern end of the Gulf. The Guajira Peninsula, part of which is under Venezuelan sovereignty and part under Colombian sovereignty, is at the western extremity of the Gulf. The dispute centers upon the delimitation of the water boundary between the two countries, as the boundary is extended from the Guajira Peninsula.
    [Show full text]
  • Page 1841 TITLE 16—CONSERVATION § 1857
    Page 1841 TITLE 16—CONSERVATION § 1857 to that State and that is not registered under the laws (A) to violate any provision of this chapter of that State, except a law regulating landings. or any regulation or permit issued pursuant ‘‘(d) STATE PERMIT OR TREATY RIGHT REQUIRED.—No to this chapter; vessel may harvest or process Dungeness crab in the ex- (B) to use any fishing vessel to engage in clusive economic zone adjacent to the State of Wash- ington, Oregon, or California, except as authorized by a fishing after the revocation, or during the permit issued by any of those States or pursuant to any period of suspension, of an applicable permit tribal treaty rights to Dungeness crab pursuant to the issued pursuant to this chapter; decision in United States v. Washington, D.C. No. (C) to violate any provision of, or regula- CV–70–09213. tion under, an applicable governing inter- ‘‘(e) STATE AUTHORITY OTHERWISE PRESERVED.—Ex- national fishery agreement entered into pur- cept as expressly provided in this section, nothing in suant to section 1821(c) of this title; this section reduces the authority of any State under (D) to refuse to permit any officer author- the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Man- ized to enforce the provisions of this chapter agement Act (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) to regulate fishing, fish processing, or landing of fish. (as provided for in section 1861 of this title) ‘‘(f) TERMINATION OF AUTHORITY.—The authority of to board a fishing vessel subject to such per- the States of Washington, Oregon, and California under son’s control for purposes of conducting any this section with respect to a Dungeness crab fishery search or inspection in connection with the shall expire on the effective date of a fishery manage- enforcement of this chapter or any regula- ment plan for the fishery under the Magnuson-Stevens tion, permit, or agreement referred to in Fishery Conservation and Management Act [16 U.S.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Choppy Waters Report
    CHOPPY WATERS Forced Labour and Illegal Fishing in Taiwan’s Distant Water Fisheries TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Executive Summary 2 2. Introduction 3 Published in March 2020 by: Greenpeace East Asia 3. Methodology 6 No.109, Sec. 1, Chongqing S. Rd, Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 10045, Taiwan This report is written by Greenpeace East Asia (hereafter re- 4. Findings 8 ferred to as Greenpeace) to assist public education and scien- Indications of forced labour in Taiwan’s distant water fisheries: Cases and evidence 9 tific research, to encourage press coverage and to promote Reports of the fisher story 9 the awareness of environmental protection. Reading this report is considered as you have carefully read and fully un- Reports of abusive working and living conditions 12 derstand this copyright statement and disclaimer, and agree Possible violations of international standards and Taiwanese labour regulations 13 to be bound by the following terms. Potential cases of IUU fishing 18 Copyright Statement: Potential at-sea transshipments based on AIS records 19 This report is published by Greenpeace. Greenpeace is the exclusive owner of the copyright of this report. 5. How tainted tuna catch could enter the market 22 Disclaimer: FCF’s global reach 22 1. This report is originally written in English and translated How tainted catch might enter the global supply chain via FCF 23 into Chinese subsequently. In case of a discrepancy, the English version prevails. 2. This report is ONLY for the purposes of information sha- ring, environmental protection and public interests. There- 6. Taiwan’s responsibilities 25 fore should not be used as the reference of any investment The international environmental and social responsibility of seafood companies 27 or other decision-making process.
    [Show full text]
  • Vanuatu Monitoring, Control, Surveillance (Mcs) and Inspection Plan
    “Our Fish, Our Future” VANUATU MONITORING, CONTROL, SURVEILLANCE (MCS) AND INSPECTION PLAN Government of the Republic of Vanuatu Fisheries Department Page 1 of 14 Table of Contents 1. CONTEXT ............................................................................................................................................... 3 2. VISION ................................................................................................................................................... 4 3. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ....................................................................................................................... 4 4. MONITORING MECHANISM .................................................................................................................. 6 4.1 Observer Program ......................................................................................................................... 6 4.2 High seas transshipment ............................................................................................................... 6 4.3 Vessel monitoring system ............................................................................................................. 7 4.4 Data collection and reporting ....................................................................................................... 7 5. OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................................ 7 5.1 Human resource ...........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Global Analysis to Explore the Links Between Tuna Diversity And
    Tuna and transshipment: a global analysis to explore the links between tuna diversity and transshipment vessel location By Claire Christie Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Environmental Science and Environmental Sustainability and Society At Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia © Copyright by Claire Christie, 2017 Linkages between tuna diversity and transshipment vessel location 2 DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY AUTHOR: Claire Christie DATE: April 17th, 2017 TITLE: Tuna and transshipment: a global analysis to explore the links between tuna diversity and transshipment vessel location DEPARTMENT OR SCHOOL: College of Sustainability DEGREE: Bachelor of Arts Convocation: May, 2018 Environmental Science and Environment, Sustainability and Society Permission is herewith granted to Dalhousie University to circulate and to have copied for non- commercial purposes, at its discretion, the above title upon the request of individuals or institutions. I understand that my thesis will be electronically available to the public. The author reserves other publication rights, and neither the thesis nor extensive extracts from it may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author’s written permission. The author attests that permission has been obtained for the use of any copyrighted material appearing in the thesis (other than the brief excerpts requiring only proper acknowledgement in scholarly writing), and that all such use is clearly acknowledged. Claire Christie Signature of Author Linkages between tuna diversity and transshipment vessel location 3 Abstract Transshipment at sea is a practice where refrigerated cargo vessels, also known as reefers, meet with fishing boats to exchange catch, fresh water, food and crew. Transshipment makes economic sense as it greatly extends the time a vessel can spend at sea fishing.
    [Show full text]