DOCSLIB.ORG

Abbreviations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Abbreviations Abbreviations The following appear in this volume for publications and grammati- cal terms. Ancient sources not listed here have been abbreviated according to The SBL Handbook of Style (ed. Patrick H. Alexander et al.; Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1999). Publications ABD Anchor Bible Dictionary. Ed. David Noel Freed- man. 6 vols. New York, 1992 ABRT Assyrian and Babylonian Religious Texts. J. Craig. 2 vols. Leipzig, 1885, 1887 ADAJ Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan AHw Akkadisches Handerwörterbuch. Wolfram von Soden. 3 vols. Wiesbaden, 1965–1981 AIL Ancient Israel and Its Literature AJSR Association for Jewish Studies Review AnBib Analecta biblica ANEP The Ancient Near East in Pictures Relating to the Old Testament. Ed. James B. Pritchard. 2nd ed. Princeton, 1994 ANET Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament. Ed. James B. Pritchard. Princeton, 1969 AOAT Alter Orient und Altes Testament ASOR American Schools of Oriental Research AYB Anchor Yale Bible BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research BDB Francis Brown, S. R. Driver, and Charles A. Briggs. A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford, 1907 xiii xiv Abbreviations BETL Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium BHS Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Ed. Karl Elliger and Wil- helm Rudolph. Stuttgart, 1983 Bib Biblica BZAW Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft CAD The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago, 1956– CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly CBQMS Catholic Biblical Quarterly Monograph Series CEBT Contributions to Biblical Exegesis and Theology CHANE Culture and History of the Ancient Near East CIS Corpus inscriptionum semiticarum. Paris, 1881– CMHE Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic: Essays in the History of the Religion of Israel. Frank Moore Cross. Cambridge, 1973 ConBOT Coniectanea Biblica: Old Testament Series COS The Context of Scripture. Ed. William H. Hallo and K. Lawson Younger, Jr. 3 vols. Leiden, 1997–2002 CT Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum, 1896– CTA Corpus des tablettes en cuneiforms alphabétiques découvertes à Ras Shamra-Ugarit de 1929 à 1939. Ed. Andrée Herdner. Paris, 1963 DCH Dictionary of Classical Hebrew. Ed. David J. A. Clines. 9 vols. Sheffield, 1993–2014 DDD Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible. Ed. Karel van der Toorn, Bob Becking, and Pieter W. van der Horst. 2nd rev. ed. Boston, 1999 DNWSI Dictionary of North-West Semitic Inscriptions. J. Hoftijzer and K. Jongeling. 2 vols. Leiden, 1995 DSSR The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader. 2nd ed., revised and ex- panded. Ed. Donald W. Parry and Emanuel Tov, in as- sociation with Geraldine I. Clements. 2 vols. Leiden, 2014 (continuous pagination between the two volumes) Abbreviations xv DULAT A Dictionary of the Ugaritic Language in the Alphabetic Tradition. Part One [(’a/i/u–k]; Part Two [l–z]. Gre- gorio del Olmo Lete and Joaquín Sanmartín. Trans. Wilfred G. E. Watson. 3rd rev. ed. 2 vols. Leiden, 2015 (continuous pagination between the two volumes) EA El Amarna texts, numbering as found in Anson F. Rainey, The El-Amarna Correspondence: A New Edition of the Cuneiform Letters from the Site of El-Amarna Based on Collations of all Extant Tablets. Ed. William Schniede- wind and Zipora Cochavi-Rainey. 2 vols. HdO 110. Leiden, 2015 EI Eretz Israel Emar Daniel Arnaud. Recherches au pays d’Aštata. Emar VI.3: Textes de la bibliothèque transcriptions et traductions. Paris, 1987. Cited by text number () or by page number. EvT Evangelische Theologie FAT Forschungen zum Alten Testament FRLANT Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments HAR Hebrew Annual Review HdO Handbuch der Orientalistik HSM Harvard Semitic Monographs HSS Harvard Semitic Studies IEJ Israel Exploration Journal JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society JBL Journal of Biblical Literature JCS Journal of Cuneiform Studies JHS Journal of Hebrew Studies JQR Jewish Quarterly Review JSOT Journal for the Study of the Old Testament JSOTSup Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series JSQ Jewish Studies Quarterly KAI Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschriften. Herbert Donner and Wolfgang Röllig. 2nd ed. Wiesbaden, 1966–1969 xvi Abbreviations KBo Keilschrifttexte aus Boghazköi. Leipzig, 1916–1923; Berlin, 1954– KTU Die keilalphaberischen Texte aus Ugarit, Ras Ibn Hani und anderen Orten. Ed. Manfried Dietrich, Oswald Loretz, and Joaquín Sanmartín. 3rd ed. AOAT 360/1. Münster, 2014 KUB Keilschrifturkunden aus Boghazköi. Berlin, 1921– LAI Library of Ancient Israel LAPO Littératures anciennes du Proche-Orient LHB Library of the Hebrew Bible MC Mesopotamian Civilizations NABRE New American Bible Revised Edition NEAEHL The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land 5: Supplementary Volume. Ed. Ephraim Stern. Jerusalem/Washington, D.C., 2008 NETS A New English Translation of the Septuagint. Ed. Albert Pietersma and Benjamin G. Wright. New York, 2007 NJPS TANAKH The Holy Scriptures: The New JPS Trans- lation According to the Traditional Hebrew Text. Philadelphia, 1988 NRSV New Revised Standard Version OBO Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis OLP Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica ORA Orientalische Religionen in der Antike OTL Old Testament Library OTP Old Testament Pseudepigrapha. Ed. James H. Charles- worth. 2 vols. New York, 1983, 1985 OTS Old Testament Studies PE Eusebius. Praeparatio Evangelium, cited according to Harold A. Attridge and Robert A. Oden, Philo of Byblos. The Phoenician History: Introduction, Critical Text, Trans- lation, Notes. CBQMS 9. Washington, D.C., 1981 PEQ Palestine Exploration Quarterly PPD Charles R. Krahmalkov. Phoenician-Punic Dictionary. OLA 90. Leuven, 2000 Abbreviations xvii PRU III Le palais royal d’Ugarit. Volume III. Jean Nougayrol. Mis- sion de Ras Shamra VI. Paris, 1955 PRU IV Le palais royal d’Ugarit. Volume IV. Jean Nougayrol. Mis- sion de Ras Shamra IX. Paris, 1956 RB Revue biblique RCU Dennis Pardee. Ritual and Cult at Ugarit. Ed. Theodore J. Lewis. WAW 10. Atlanta, 2002 RdQ Revue de Qumrân RES Répertoire des études sémitiques RIH Ras Ibn Hani RS Ras Shamra RSO Ras Shamra—Ougarit RTU Nick Wyatt. Religious Texts from Ugarit: The Words of Ilimilku and His Colleagues. Biblical Seminar 53. Sheffield, 1998 SAA State Archives of Assyria SBL Society of Biblical Literature SBLDS Society of Biblical Literature Dissertation Series SBLMS Society of Biblical Literature Monograph Series SBLRBS Society of Biblical Literature Resources for Biblical Study SBLSCS Society of Biblical Literature Septuagint and Cognate Studies SEL Studi epigrafici e linguistici sul Vicino Oriente antico SMEA Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici TA Tel Aviv TDOT Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament. Ed. G. Jo- hannes Botterweck and Helmer Ringgren. Trans. John T. Willis et al. 8 vols. Grand Rapids, 1974–2006 TZ Theologische Zeitschrift UBC 1 The Ugaritic Baal Cycle: Volume 1. Introduction with Text, Translation and Commentary of KTU 1.1–1.2. Mark S. Smith. VTSup 55. Leiden, 1994 UBC 2 The Ugaritic Baal Cycle: Volume 2. Introduction with Text, Translation and Commentary of KTU 1.3–1.4. Mark S. Smith and Wayne T. Pitard. VTSup 114. Leiden, 2009 xviii Abbreviations UBL Ugaritisch-biblische Literatur UF Ugarit-Forschungen Ugaritica V Ugaritica V. Jean Nougayrol, Emmanuel Laroche, Charles Virolleaud, and Claude F. A. Schaeffer. Mission de Ras Shamra XVI. Paris, 1968 UNP Ugaritic Narrative Literature. Ed. Simon B. Parker. WAW 9. Atlanta, 1997 VAT Vorderasiatische Abteilung Tontafel. Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin VT Vetus Testamentum VTSup Supplements to Vetus Testamentum WAW Writings from the Ancient World WAWSup Writings from the Ancient World Supplement Series WMANT Wissenschaftliche Monographien zum Alten und Neuen Testament WO Die Welt des Orients WZKM Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes ZAW Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft Grammatical Terms and Other Sigla D-stem Verbal stem in Semitic languages with doubled second root-letter, including the Hebrew Piel Dt-stem t-infix/prefix form (reciprocal/reflexive) of the D-stem, including the Hebrew Hithpael N-stem Medio-passive verbal stem corresponding to the Hebrew Niphal BH Biblical Hebrew MB Middle Babylonian NA Neo-Assyrian NB Neo-Babylonian OB Old Babylonian SB Standard Babylonian Abbreviations xix DN(s) divine name(s) GN(s) geographical name(s) PN(s) personal name(s) LXX Septuagint MT Masoretic Text D Deuteronomist source or redaction in the Pentateuch H Holiness source or redaction in the Pentateuch J Yahwist (putative source in the Pentateuch) P Priestly source or redaction in the Pentateuch // parallel passages * theoretical forms (such as roots) This page intentionally left blank Where the Gods Are This page intentionally left blank .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • From Indo-European Dragon Slaying to Isa 27.1 a Study in the Longue Durée Wikander, Ola
    From Indo-European Dragon Slaying to Isa 27.1 A Study in the Longue Durée Wikander, Ola Published in: Studies in Isaiah 2017 Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Wikander, O. (2017). From Indo-European Dragon Slaying to Isa 27.1: A Study in the Longue Durée. In T. Wasserman, G. Andersson, & D. Willgren (Eds.), Studies in Isaiah: History, Theology and Reception (pp. 116- 135). (Library of Hebrew Bible/Old Testament studies, 654 ; Vol. 654). Bloomsbury T&T Clark. Total number of authors: 1 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 LIBRARY OF HEBREW BIBLE/ OLD TESTAMENT STUDIES 654 Formerly Journal of the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series Editors Claudia V.
    [Show full text]
  • Baal, Son of Dagan: in Search of Baal's Double Paternity Author(S): Noga Ayali-Darshan Source: Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol
    Baal, Son of Dagan: In Search of Baal's Double Paternity Author(s): Noga Ayali-Darshan Source: Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 133, No. 4 (October-December 2013), pp. 651-657 Published by: American Oriental Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7817/jameroriesoci.133.4.0651 Accessed: 28-02-2017 21:36 UTC JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms American Oriental Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of the American Oriental Society This content downloaded from 132.174.255.49 on Tue, 28 Feb 2017 21:36:59 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Baal, Son of Dagan: In Search of Baal’s Double Paternity NOGA AYALI-DARSHAN THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY The Ugaritic expression “Baal, son of Dagan” has been the subject of several studies which attempt to resolve the contradiction between the depiction of Baal as El’s son on the one hand and the expression “Baal, son of Dagan” (bʿl bn dgn) on the other. Despite the paucity of literary evidence, the majority of scholars have identified Dagan with either El or Baal, consequently attributing a single “real” father to Baal.
    [Show full text]
  • 59 Male Agency and Masculine Performance in the Baal Cycle
    Male Agency and Masculine Performance in the Baal Cycle Martti Nissinen 1. Male Agency and Masculine Performance aḫdy d ymlk ʿl ilm I myself am the one who reigns over the gods, l ymru ilm w nšm Indeed orders for gods and mankind, d yšb[ʿ] hmlt arṣ Who satis[fies] the multitudes of the Earth.1 These words are quoted from the Baal Cycle, the largest narrative composition from Ugarit. They are pronounced by Baal, one of the major deities featuring in the Ugaritic texts, 2 whose name bʿl means “lord” and who is called by epithets such as aliyn bʿl “the Mightiest Lord,” aliy qrdm “the Mightiest of Heroes,” dmrn “the Powerful One,” and even bʿl ugrt “the Lord of Ugarit.” Baal is portrayed as a 1 KTU 1.4 VII 49–52. Formatted: English (United States) 2 For Baal and the Baal Cycle, see the many works of Mark Smith, e.g., Smith 1986; 1994; 1997; 1998; 2001; 2003; 2014; Smith and Pitard 2009. 59 king enthroned on Mount Sapan, and he is known as a vigorous weather god, an abundant provider of rain and agricultural fertility with remarkable sexual performance. Moreover, he appears as a club-wielding hero and defeater of the powers of death, as a god who dies but returns to life. If this was his full portrait, Baal could be regarded as the paragon of masculinity, indeed a he-man among the gods. However, the Ugaritic myth does not let his high position among the gods emerge easily, quite to the contrary. Despite his self-assertive speech, his position in the divine realm is anything but stable and he finds himself in precarious positions.
    [Show full text]
  • Love Conquers All: Song of Songs 8:6B–7A As a Reflex of the Northwest Semitic Combat Myth
    JBL 134, no. 2 (2015): 333–345 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15699/jbl.1342.2015.2810 Love Conquers All: Song of Songs 8:6b–7a as a Reflex of the Northwest Semitic Combat Myth aren m. wilson-wright [email protected] Waggener 14a, 2210 Speedway C3400, Austin, TX 78712 Scholars have often noted YHWH’s apparent absence from the Song of Songs. At best, he appears under the name Yah in the difficult and morphologically frozen to suggest that שלהבתיה in Song 8:6. In this article, I go beyond שלהבתיה term love plays the role of YHWH in the Song. Using Calvert Watkins’s work on inher- ited formulae, I argue that Song 8:6b–7a draws on the Northwest Semitic combat myth to identify love with YHWH, the victorious divine warrior. As part of this argument, I identify three inherited formulae in the Hebrew Bible, the Baal Cycle, and later Christian and Jewish literature: “Leviathan, the fleeing serpent, the twisting serpent,” “rebuke Sea,” and “strong as Death.” Within the Song, the phrase “strong as Death” connects this passage with the Baal Cycle, while the evoke scenes of mythic combat from the rest נהרות and מים רבים references to of the Hebrew Bible. This interpretation, I argue, also has mythic resonances in the adjuration refrain in Song 2:7, 3:5, and 8:4 and the phrase “sick with love” in Song 2:5 and 5:8. כי־עזה כמות אהבה קשה כשאול קנאה רשפיה רשפי אש שלהבתיה מים רבים לא יוכלו לכבות את־האהבה For love is as strong as Death, jealousy harsh as Sheol.
    [Show full text]
  • Gods in Conflict: Reflections on the Baal Cycle and 1 Kings 17-18
    PROVIDENCE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY GODS IN CONFLICT: REFLECTIONS ON THE BAAL CYCLE AND 1 KINGS 17-18 SUBMITTED TO DR. AUGUST KONKEL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF BI 7149 GUIDED RESEARCH IN OLD TESTAMENT - UGARITIC BY RICK WADHOLM JR. MARCH 30, 2010 Introduction In what follows, a brief analysis of the Baal Cycle will be offered in order to better understand the various divine conflicts described within this text. There will then follow a brief analysis of the divine conflict in 1 Kings 17-18. The primary shared motif concerns not simply divine conflict, but specifically conflict between Baal and other deities. A brief comparison and contrast between these two accounts will provide a glimpse into both the wider culture of conflict in the ancient near east and the use of texts in preserving and proclaiming the victory of the national deity in conflict with other deities. Finally, an appendix will offer and interact with several interpretations of the connection between El and Dagan as this relates to the specific context of Ugarit. 1.0 Conflict In The Baal Cycle The Baal Cycle is filled with conflict (as are the other literary texts of Ugarit) between the gods themselves and even between people and the gods.1 The Cycle opens with Yamm (“sea”) demanding Baal be handed over to him by the assembly of the gods. El assents to this demand as Baal has apparently already sought kingship over all the gods (against El?). Baal, however, does not agree to go peacefully and instead engages Yamm in battle with two clubs fashioned by the craftsman god, Kothar-and-Hassis, where he emerges victorious over Yamm.
    [Show full text]
  • Crises and Well-Being As Expressed in the Teratological Omens of Ugarit
    Crises and Well-Being as Expressed in the Teratological Omens of Ugarit Crises and Well-Being as Expressed in the Teratological Omens of Ugarit* Matahisa KOITABASHI** In this paper we deal with one births-omen text from Ugarit (RS 24.247+ [KTU2 1.103+1.145]) with respect to philology and socio-cultural history. From the protases of RS 24.247+, we can see that the absence of some body part is the major type of animal malformation in the Ugaritic births- omen text. The Mesopotamian auspicium and the Ugaritic Baal text might suggest that the right side is superior to the left side for divination in Ugarit. From the apodoses of RS 24.247+, we can see the matters of concern in the daily life of the Ugaritic people. The people of Ugarit perceived animal malformations as portending some critical event, whether for good or bad. Negative signs are in a majority among the malformed animal births listed. The Ugaritic people were deeply afraid of famine and war. It was an important duty for the Ugaritic kings to protect the city-state against enemies’ attacks. Ugaritic kings also had to keep control over their own guards or mercenaries who sometime might rebel. Long life and offspring for the king promoted the welfare of the people. Keywords: Ugarit, births-omen, divination, ritual, cult I. Introduction The Ugaritic discoveries are of signal importance for the history of religion in the ancient Near East.1 Ugaritic mythological and ritual texts, which have been excavated mainly from the so-called high priest residence and the house of Hurrian priest, have been studied by many scholars.2 Since 1980, several significant books on the ritual texts have been published, and hence the study of Ugaritic ritual has much advanced.3 Referring to recent results of studies on the Ugaritic ritual texts, I deal with divinatory texts related to “Conflict and Peace.” Divinatory texts deal with a limited range of events which evidently reflect politics, societies and cultures on a small scale.
    [Show full text]
  • Baal (Deity) Texts As a King Enthroned Atop Mount Zaphon and Is Granted a Palace Upon His Triumph in His Battles I
    B Baal (Deity) texts as a king enthroned atop Mount Zaphon and is granted a palace upon his triumph in his battles I. Ancient Near East and Hebrew Bible/Old Testament with the forces of Death (the god Mot) and chaos II. Judaism (cf. the deities Yamm [Sea], Lithan [Leviathan], and III. Islam Tannin). Along these same lines, the iconography IV. Literature of Ugarit and of the wider Levantine orbit portrays V. Visual Arts Baal-Haddu/Hadad as a warrior wielding a club of thunder and/or a spear of lightning (see fig. 6). In I. Ancient Near East and Hebrew Bible/ other instances, Baal is depicted as slaying a ser- Old Testament pent. In the series of texts commonly designated the Baal Cycle, the theme of Baal’s kingship is domi- 1. Baal in the Ancient Near East. The Hebrew nant. As the victor over the powers of death and term baal is a common Semitic noun for “hus- chaos, he is the giver of life. It should be pointed band,” “owner,” or “lord,” but as early as the 3rd millennium BCE, the term was also employed to out, however, that this theme as depicted in Ugari- refer to a deity in a god-list from Abu Salabikh. The tic myth is associated exclusively with the deity’s term is also attested at Ebla in personal names and ability to provide rain and ensure agricultural fertil- toponyms. Yet, it is difficult at times to ascertain ity. Nowhere in the myth is this role of Baal explic- which of the possible uses of the term baal is in itly connected with human fertility, let alone some view.
    [Show full text]
  • O Concílio Dos Deuses No Salmo 82 E Na Literatura Ugarítica
    UNIVERSIDADE METODISTA DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE HUMANIDADES E DIREITO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS DA RELIGIÃO O CONCÍLIO DOS DEUSES NO SALMO 82 E NA LITERATURA UGARÍTICA por Rogério Lima de Moura Orientador: Prof. Dr. Tércio Machado Siqueira Dissertação apresentada em cumprimento às exigências do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Religião da Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, para obtenção do grau de Mestre. SÃO BERNARDO DO CAMPO 2012 Banca Examinadora Presidente: _______________________________________ Prof. Dr. Tércio Machado Siqueira (UMESP) 1º Examinador: _______________________________________ Prof. Dr. José Ademar Kaefer (UMESP) 2º Examinador: _______________________________________ Prof. Dr. Rodrigo Franklin de Sousa (Mackenzie) A Dissertação de Mestrado sob o título ―O Concílio dos Deuses no Salmo 82 e na Literatura Ugarítica‖ elaborada por Rogério Lima de Moura foi apresentada e aprovada em 05 de outubro de 2012, perante banca examinadora composta por Prof. Dr. Tércio Machado Siqueira (Presidente/UMESP), Prof. Dr. José Ademar Kaefer (Titular/UMESP) e Prof. Dr. Rodrigo Franklin de Sousa (Titular/ Mackenzie). ______________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Tércio Machado Siqueira Orientador e Presidente da Banca Examinadora _________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Leonildo Campos Coordenador do Programa de Pós- Graduação Programa: Pós- Graduação em Ciências da Religião Área de Concentração: Linguagens da Religião Linha de Pesquisa: Literatura e Religião no Mundo Bíblico Esta pesquisa foi financiada com o apoio da CAPES. “Aprendi a duvidar do que se sabe para saber o que se crê” (Joseph Moingt) Agradecimentos À minha família, por me apoiarem em meus estudos acadêmicos. Ao amigo Marcelo Smargiasse, por me incentivar nos estudos e pelas conversas nas quais compartilhamos experiências. Obrigado pela leitura crítica dessa pesquisa.
    [Show full text]
  • Yet Another Hittite Loanword in Ugaritic?
    Yet Another Hittite Loanword in Ugaritic? WILFRED G. E. WATSON Northumberland Abstract: A meaning is suggested for the enigmatic Ugaritic word ủdn, which occurs in the Baʿal Cycle, on the assumption that it may be a loanword from Hittite. Keywords: Baʿal Cycle, Hittite, Ugaritic. The obscure Ugaritic word ủdn, which occurs in a passage from the Epic of Baʿal, has had a variety of explanations, none completely satisfactory.1 The text in question (KTU 1.3 iii 47–iv 3) runs as follows: ṭrd. bʕl. bmrym. ṣpn. He expelled Baʿal from the summit of Mount Ṣapunu, mšṣṣ kʕṣr ủdnh driving (him) out like a bird from his ủ. gršh. lksỉ. mlkh He ousted him from the throne of his kingship lnḫt. lkḥṯ. drkth from the resting-seat2 of his dominion.3 The various proposals for the meaning of ủdn are: (1) “ear” A sample translation is “who pecked his ear like a bird”.4 – Critique: the expression remains obscure and has no parallels in other ancient Near Eastern traditions.5 1 E.g. “Nest, Lager”, “Schilf”, “Sockel” or “Stammsitz” (Tropper 2008: 13) or simply “Behausung” (Tropper 2012: 331 §54.423b). 2 Here there is hendiadys; the literal meaning of lnḫt lkḥṯ is “from the resting-place, from the throne (of)”. 3 Following Wyatt RTU, 80; for a translation as a question rather than a statetment see Smith / Pitard 2009: 290-293: “The interpretation proposed in our translation sees the two bicola as questions, but Baal as the object of the verbs, and the enemy that Anat fears as the subject”.
    [Show full text]
  • The Song of the Sea and the Subversion of Canaanite Myth: a Missional Reading
    The Asbury Journal 72/2:107-118 © 2017 Asbury Theological Seminary DOI: 10.7252/Journal.02.2017F.09 Brian D. Russell The Song of the Sea and the Subversion of Canaanite Myth: A Missional Reading Abstract By means of explicit links to the Ugaritic Baal Cycle (CAT 1.1–1.6), the Song of the Sea (Exodus 15:1b–18) models missional engagement with the late Bronze/ early Iron Age cultures in which Israel emerged, and in the process enhances Israel’s presentation of Yhwh as the true King of the cosmos. By subverting the mythic worldview of the Baal Cycle, the Song implants a new view of creation and reality into God’s people while serving as a witness to the nations of a different type of God. Keywords: Baal, missional hermeneutic, Song of the Sea, myth Brian D. Russell (PhD, Union Theological Seminary- Presbyterian School of Christian Education) is the Dean of the School of Urban Ministries and Professor of Biblical Studies at Asbury Theological Seminary’s Florida Dunnam Campus in Orlando, Florida.. 107 108 The Asbury Journal 72/2 (2017) Introduction A missional hermeneutic reads scripture through the lens of mission as the interpretive key to unlocking meaning (Russell 2010). The aim of this essay is to explore how Israel’s celebration of Yhwh’s victory at the Sea in the poetry of Exodus 15:1b–18 models a missional engagement with the late Bronze/early Iron Age culture and enhances Israel’s presentation of the LORD as king of the cosmos (Hunsberger 2016:59–62). Exodus 15:1b–18 shares its structure and language in common with the Canaanite Baal Epic.
    [Show full text]
  • Kingship in Heaven’-Theme from Kumarbi to Kronos Via Anatolia
    Studying external stimuli to the development of the ancient Aegean The ‘Kingship in Heaven’-theme from Kumarbi to Kronos via Anatolia. Erik Wilhelmus Maria van Dongen UCL Department of History PhD Thesis - 1 - I, Erik Wilhelmus Maria van Dongen, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. - 2 - Thesis abstract It is commonly accepted nowadays that ancient Aegean culture included many elements that were not indigenous. But scholars still question the importance of these for the development of the region. I contend that such scepticism is mistaken. Ideas about the ancient Aegean’s cultural independence are founded in the history of research in this field, and could be countered by more detailed studies of specific cultural elements. The following issues should be addressed: the likelihood of an indigenous development of elements; reasons for transmission and the process of embedment; the process of transmission. These issues I discuss in the introduction. Next, a case study follows on the connection between the appearances of the ‘Kingship in Heaven’-theme in the Hittite Song of Going Forth (‘Song of Kumarbi’) and the Hesiodic Theogony. I explain these by proposing a specific scenario. An analysis of the song shows that it focused on the storm-god more than is commonly assumed. Subsequently, the variant of the theme in the Theogony and its similarities with that of the song are described. Various elements of the theme that appear similarly in the Theogony and the song probably originated outside the Aegean.
    [Show full text]
  • Dennis Pardee
    oi.uchicago.edu INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH Dennis Pardee Since last reporting in these pages — yes, it has been a while — Dennis Pardee’s edition of the Ugaritic ritual texts has appeared in two fascicles with a total of 1,307 pages (Les textes rituels [Ras Shamra-Ougarit 12; Paris: Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations, 2000]) as has a much briefer overview intended for non-specialists (Ritual and Cult at Ugarit [Writings from the An- cient World Series 10; Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2002]). The excavation at Ras-Shamra (ancient Ugarit) of a building that has come to be known as the House of Urtenou was completed in 2002 and it has proven to be the richest source of inscribed tablets from that site after the Royal Palace, excavated in the middle of the last century. Some six hundred tablets and fragments were discovered in this house, of which about a fifth were in Ugaritic, the local language, the rest for the most part in Akkadian. The tablets from 1986 to 1992 were published in 2001 (Études ougaritiques. I. Travaux 1985–1995 [Ras Shamra-Ougarit 14; Paris: Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations): Pardee with his French colleague Pierre Bordreuil signed the edition of twenty-one texts while another, a mythological fragment, appeared under the names of A. Caquot and A.-S. Dalix. Another eighty-seven texts were unearthed in the excava- tions of 1994–2002; the manuscript of their edition, again signed by Bordreuil and Pardee, with the collaboration of Robert Hawley for the epistolary texts, has been submitted for publication.
    [Show full text]