Abbreviations

The following appear in this volume for publications and grammati- cal terms. Ancient sources not listed here have been abbreviated according to The SBL Handbook of Style (ed. Patrick H. Alexander et al.; Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1999).

Publications ABD Anchor Bible Dictionary. Ed. David Noel Freed- man. 6 vols. New York, 1992 ABRT Assyrian and Babylonian Religious Texts. J. Craig. 2 vols. Leipzig, 1885, 1887 ADAJ Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan AHw Akkadisches Handerwörterbuch. Wolfram von Soden. 3 vols. Wiesbaden, 1965–1981 AIL Ancient Israel and Its Literature AJSR Association for Jewish Studies Review AnBib Analecta biblica ANEP The Ancient Near East in Pictures Relating to the Old Testament. Ed. James B. Pritchard. 2nd ed. Princeton, 1994 ANET Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament. Ed. James B. Pritchard. Princeton, 1969 AOAT Alter Orient und Altes Testament ASOR American Schools of Oriental Research AYB Anchor Yale Bible BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research BDB Francis Brown, S. R. Driver, and Charles A. Briggs. A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford, 1907

xiii xiv Abbreviations

BETL Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium BHS Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Ed. Karl Elliger and Wil- helm Rudolph. Stuttgart, 1983 Bib Biblica BZAW Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft CAD The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago, 1956– CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly CBQMS Catholic Biblical Quarterly Monograph Series CEBT Contributions to Biblical Exegesis and Theology CHANE Culture and History of the Ancient Near East CIS Corpus inscriptionum semiticarum. Paris, 1881– CMHE Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic: Essays in the History of the Religion of Israel. Frank Moore Cross. Cambridge, 1973 ConBOT Coniectanea Biblica: Old Testament Series COS The Context of Scripture. Ed. William H. Hallo and K. Lawson Younger, Jr. 3 vols. Leiden, 1997–2002 CT Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum, 1896– CTA Corpus des tablettes en cuneiforms alphabétiques découvertes à Ras Shamra- de 1929 à 1939. Ed. Andrée Herdner. Paris, 1963 DCH Dictionary of Classical Hebrew. Ed. David J. A. Clines. 9 vols. Sheffield, 1993–2014 DDD Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible. Ed. Karel van der Toorn, Bob Becking, and Pieter W. van der Horst. 2nd rev. ed. Boston, 1999 DNWSI Dictionary of North-West Semitic Inscriptions. J. Hoftijzer and K. Jongeling. 2 vols. Leiden, 1995 DSSR The Dead Sea Scrolls Reader. 2nd ed., revised and ex- panded. Ed. Donald W. Parry and Emanuel Tov, in as- sociation with Geraldine I. Clements. 2 vols. Leiden, 2014 (continuous pagination between the two volumes) Abbreviations xv

DULAT A Dictionary of the Language in the Alphabetic Tradition. Part One [(’a/i/u–k]; Part Two [l–z]. Gre- gorio del Olmo Lete and Joaquín Sanmartín. Trans. Wilfred G. E. Watson. 3rd rev. ed. 2 vols. Leiden, 2015 (continuous pagination between the two volumes) EA Amarna texts, numbering as found in Anson F. Rainey, The El-Amarna Correspondence: A New Edition of the Cuneiform Letters from the Site of El-Amarna Based on Collations of all Extant Tablets. Ed. William Schniede- wind and Zipora Cochavi-Rainey. 2 vols. HdO 110. Leiden, 2015 EI Eretz Israel Emar Daniel Arnaud. Recherches au pays d’Aštata. Emar VI.3: Textes de la bibliothèque transcriptions et traductions. Paris, 1987. Cited by text number () or by page number. EvT Evangelische Theologie FAT Forschungen zum Alten Testament FRLANT Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments HAR Hebrew Annual Review HdO Handbuch der Orientalistik HSM Harvard Semitic Monographs HSS Harvard Semitic Studies IEJ Israel Exploration Journal JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society JBL Journal of Biblical Literature JCS Journal of Cuneiform Studies JHS Journal of Hebrew Studies JQR Jewish Quarterly Review JSOT Journal for the Study of the Old Testament JSOTSup Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series JSQ Jewish Studies Quarterly KAI Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschriften. Herbert Donner and Wolfgang Röllig. 2nd ed. Wiesbaden, 1966–1969 xvi Abbreviations

KBo Keilschrifttexte aus Boghazköi. Leipzig, 1916–1923; Berlin, 1954– KTU Die keilalphaberischen Texte aus Ugarit, und anderen Orten. Ed. Manfried Dietrich, Oswald Loretz, and Joaquín Sanmartín. 3rd ed. AOAT 360/1. Münster, 2014 KUB Keilschrifturkunden aus Boghazköi. Berlin, 1921– LAI Library of Ancient Israel LAPO Littératures anciennes du Proche-Orient LHB Library of the Hebrew Bible MC Mesopotamian Civilizations NABRE New American Bible Revised Edition NEAEHL The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land 5: Supplementary Volume. Ed. Ephraim Stern. Jerusalem/Washington, D.C., 2008 NETS A New English Translation of the Septuagint. Ed. Albert Pietersma and Benjamin G. Wright. New York, 2007 NJPS TANAKH The Holy Scriptures: The New JPS Trans- lation According to the Traditional Hebrew Text. Philadelphia, 1988 NRSV New Revised Standard Version OBO Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis OLP Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica ORA Orientalische Religionen in der Antike OTL Old Testament Library OTP Old Testament Pseudepigrapha. Ed. James H. Charles- worth. 2 vols. New York, 1983, 1985 OTS Old Testament Studies PE Eusebius. Praeparatio Evangelium, cited according to Harold A. Attridge and Robert A. Oden, Philo of Byblos. The Phoenician History: Introduction, Critical Text, Trans- lation, Notes. CBQMS 9. Washington, D.C., 1981 PEQ Palestine Exploration Quarterly PPD Charles R. Krahmalkov. Phoenician-Punic Dictionary. OLA 90. Leuven, 2000 Abbreviations xvii

PRU III Le palais royal d’Ugarit. Volume III. Jean Nougayrol. Mis- sion de Ras Shamra VI. Paris, 1955 PRU IV Le palais royal d’Ugarit. Volume IV. Jean Nougayrol. Mis- sion de Ras Shamra IX. Paris, 1956 RB Revue biblique RCU Dennis Pardee. Ritual and Cult at Ugarit. Ed. Theodore J. Lewis. WAW 10. Atlanta, 2002 RdQ Revue de Qumrân RES Répertoire des études sémitiques RIH Ras Ibn Hani RS Ras Shamra RSO Ras Shamra—Ougarit RTU Nick Wyatt. Religious Texts from Ugarit: The Words of Ilimilku and His Colleagues. Biblical Seminar 53. Sheffield, 1998 SAA State Archives of Assyria SBL Society of Biblical Literature SBLDS Society of Biblical Literature Dissertation Series SBLMS Society of Biblical Literature Monograph Series SBLRBS Society of Biblical Literature Resources for Biblical Study SBLSCS Society of Biblical Literature Septuagint and Cognate Studies SEL Studi epigrafici e linguistici sul Vicino Oriente antico SMEA Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici TA Tel Aviv TDOT Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament. Ed. G. Jo- hannes Botterweck and Helmer Ringgren. Trans. John T. Willis et al. 8 vols. Grand Rapids, 1974–2006 TZ Theologische Zeitschrift UBC 1 The Ugaritic Cycle: Volume 1. Introduction with Text, Translation and Commentary of KTU 1.1–1.2. Mark S. Smith. VTSup 55. Leiden, 1994 UBC 2 The Ugaritic Baal Cycle: Volume 2. Introduction with Text, Translation and Commentary of KTU 1.3–1.4. Mark S. Smith and Wayne T. Pitard. VTSup 114. Leiden, 2009 xviii Abbreviations

UBL Ugaritisch-biblische Literatur UF Ugarit-Forschungen Ugaritica V Ugaritica V. Jean Nougayrol, Emmanuel Laroche, Charles Virolleaud, and Claude F. A. Schaeffer. Mission de Ras Shamra XVI. Paris, 1968 UNP Ugaritic Narrative Literature. Ed. Simon B. Parker. WAW 9. Atlanta, 1997 VAT Vorderasiatische Abteilung Tontafel. Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin VT Vetus Testamentum VTSup Supplements to Vetus Testamentum WAW Writings from the Ancient World WAWSup Writings from the Ancient World Supplement Series WMANT Wissenschaftliche Monographien zum Alten und Neuen Testament WO Die Welt des Orients WZKM Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes ZAW Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft

Grammatical Terms and Other Sigla D-stem Verbal stem in Semitic languages with doubled second root-letter, including the Hebrew Piel Dt-stem t-infix/prefix form (reciprocal/reflexive) of the D-stem, including the Hebrew Hithpael N-stem Medio-passive verbal stem corresponding to the Hebrew Niphal

BH Biblical Hebrew MB Middle Babylonian NA Neo-Assyrian NB Neo-Babylonian OB Old Babylonian SB Standard Babylonian Abbreviations xix

DN(s) divine name(s) GN(s) geographical name(s) PN(s) personal name(s)

LXX Septuagint MT Masoretic Text

D Deuteronomist source or redaction in the Pentateuch H Holiness source or redaction in the Pentateuch J Yahwist (putative source in the Pentateuch) P Priestly source or redaction in the Pentateuch

// parallel passages * theoretical forms (such as roots) This page intentionally left blank Where the Gods Are This page intentionally left blank