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Albert Hill – the First 50 Years

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Albert Hill – the First 50 Years Albert Hill - The First 50 Years. 1854-1904 Data and information to complement the talk ALBERT HILL 150‘ Given to the Darlington Historical Society by Robin Coulthard on February 16th 2005 The collection of data relating to Albert Hill is made easier by the fact that Albert Hill has always been very distinct locality, compact and set aside from the rest of the town. Unlike many parts of Darlington it is fairly easy to define without fear of dissent. The York-Newcastle railway neatly halves Albert Hill. The part to the west of the tracks was the first to experience industrial and residential development and was always the main base for the heavy industries on 'The Hill'. It comprised, Ayton Cres. Cleveland St, Edward St. Howard St. Vulcan St. and York St. It was home to Darlington Forge, Summerson's Foundry. South Durham Iron Co. Wm. Barningham dr Co. Darlington Wagon Co. John Baker dr Co. The bulk of the residential development took place in the half lying to the east of the Main Line and comprised, Allan St. Barton St. Dodsworth St. Grey St. Killinghall St. Lucknow St. Nestfield St. and Prescott St. There were intentions to have a Pemberton St. and a Hogarth St. but demand for housing plots failed to justify their construction. The principal businesses here included, Skerne Iron Co. Wilson Bros, and Jos. Shewell dr Co. Population In 1851 Albert Hill’s population numbered just 12 people, made up of Anthony Hall the farmer at Nestfield Farm, his family and servants. By 1861 there were 523 residents and this leaped to 3,067 in 1871 which represented about 11% of Darlington's population. The deep recession in the iron trade of the later 1870's combined with a subsequent withdrawal from th bulk pr oduction of wrought iron saw the population fall to 2,543 in 1891 and ten years later it had failed to return to 1870's levels standing at 2,609. ♦ In 1871 Albert Hill was a community of 'In-comers'. 36% of the ADULT population had been born in Ireland, 8% i n Wales, 6% in the West Midlands. Only 5% of ADULTS had been born in Darlington or surrounding villages. Men from Wales and West Midlands formed the basis of the skilled trades in the Ironworks. ♦ It was also a very young community. In 1871 some 33% of 'The Hill’s' residents were under the age of 14 years. In contrast only 3% could claim to have lived 60 years or more. ♦ In 1881, streets to the west of the Main Rly. Line housed 1,026 folk, those to the east of the railway were home to 1,863 people. Occupations * Of the 1,167 males aged 14 -65 resident on Albert Hill in 1871, 508 (44%) were working as 'Labourers' in the various Iron Works. There were some 357 (31%) 'skilled' grades of Ironworker living on Albert Hill in 1871 of which Puddlers represented the largest group numbering 268 (23%) Only 6 men had clerical work. Fifty men (4%) were in service industries mainly retailing and the licensed trade. * By 1891 the number of resident males aged 14-65 had shrunk to 794, the dramatic retreat from wrought iron production meant that now only five of Albert Hill's residents claimed to be 'Puddlers', a dramatic decline and of the 11 employed in the lucrative occupation of 'Shingler' in 1871 just one remained in 1891. The move out of wrought iron had caused a similar fall in the numbers of Iron Works Labourers required to 237(30%) though there were 145 (18%) Labourers employed in other fields. Some 148 (19%) of the men resident on 'The Hill' in 1891 had skilled work relating to the industries based there, the fall compared with 1871 is almost entirely due to the disappearance of the Puddler but the 1891 Census displays has a much broader base of skills including Moulders, Fitters, Machinists, Platers, Drillers, Turners, Rollers, Joiners Rivetters Blacksmiths and Wagon Builders Occupations cont‘d * In 1871 there were some 670 females aged 14-65, living on Albert Hill with 92 (14%) having employment beyond housework For those in employment 30 were domestic/general servants, 20 involved as dressmakers/seamstresses etc. and 13 worked in the woollen mills. * The 1891 Census shows there were 696 females aged 14-65 and some 216 (31%) had work beyond the home. Domestic and general servants accounted for 58, some 57 females found work in the woollen mills, 27 as dressmakers/seamstresses etc. and 36 in retail work. * At the time of the 1871 Census Forster's Education Act enacting compulsory Schooling had barely found time to take effect and Albert Hill had but one School, the recently opened Roman Catholic St. William's School. Of the 619 children in the 5 to 12 age group 342 (55%) were declared to be 'Scholars' on the 1871 Census. * By the time of the 1891 Census there were 462 'Scholars' out of the 520 young persons within that age group (89%) and a further 68 still at school beyond the age of 12. In 1871 there were 17 boys aged 13 undertaking manual jobs within the ironworks including a deaf and dumb youth but by 1891 only 3 lads aged 13 had taken similar work. Local Earnings When not touched by Recession, Strikes or Lockouts many skilled grades of ironworker could earn rates of pay th< envy of their neighbours. The following rates are based on figures supplied to the Board Of Guardians, 1880, thei are DAILY, NET rates converted to decimal currency and are set at a time when the industry was struggling to move out of recession. It was generally believed that Cleveland rates were superior. Local rates were :- Puddlers, 35p, Underhand Puddler, 18p, Shingler 95p, Roller 70p Blacksmith, 25p Blacksmith’s Striker 17p, Roughers 35' Furnaceman 75p. Most of Albert Hill's residents were 'Labourers’ and they were more likely to settle for 12p -14p a day depending on the nature of their work. Local Cost of Living Around 1880 the rent for a local basic Two Up-Two Down' artisan's terrace house would be 12p-14p a week. (The rule of thumb at this time seems to have been to cast the Annual Rent at a tenth of the cost of building the house) Coal was 5p a cwt, Candles 6 for lp, Tea 3p a lib. Workboots 30p a pair, 5 oranges for lp, Bowler hat 19p, Beef sausage 3p a lib. Two pints of Milk lp, A gent's haircut lp. A one lb. loaf of bread was just under lp (All in decimal currency) to be Sold Housing THE well situated and improveablc ESTATE called ■ By early 1861 Nestfield's Farmhouse had been joined by 21 residences on the easter half NESTFIELD, half a Mile from Darlington, and in the of Albert Hill together with three licensed premises! The we stern portion got off a faster start Pariish. It consists of Freehold, Copyhold, with three and by 1861 had approx. 65 houses available. However thereafter the eastern development Acres of Lcase for Lives, has all Conveniency of rapidly overtook its western neighbour with approx. 260 houses available by 1871 and some Housing, moftly tiled, is well watered and fenced, and 300 in total ten years later. By 1881 the western half, always the smaller in housing terms, had has the River Skem, which waters feveral Inclofures, as a ^'Mindary to the North. It has a Rookery adioin- gained a total of around 160 homes. Thereafter Albert Hill saw no appreciable changes to its __ £ the Houfe, and Spring Water, with a Lead housing stock until the early Edwardian years. pomp lately fixed at the Backdoor. For further particulars,enquire of Mr. Lodge in Bernard Cattle, Mr. ■ The Census for 1891 shows that 219 households (45%) had just 4 rooms in total available Inglcby in Durham, and Mr. Lowfon in Darlington. to them, this included 15 families with a household of ten or more folk. Only 56 (9%) of =?■ There is a great deal of Wood upon it, is lett for households had a house giving them access to five room or more. There were 128 households IOO I. per annum and the Tenant will (hew the (26%) living in just two rooms and this included 56 households with five or more members. Premiffa. ■ All Albert Hill's houses were constructed after the introduction of basic Building Byelaws ’Newcastle Journal' 1753 and plans had to be scrutinised by our local Board of Health. Consequently though the housing may fairly be described as 'mean', 'depressing', 'cramped' and 'spartan' in finish and facilities, it was certainly not 'slummy' nor 'squalid' by the standards of the time. Virtually all the houses initially had ash privies. ■ Sections of Howard St. and Killinghall St. had a type of hou se unusual in this town. The locals called them 'Front and Back Houses'. One family occupied a self contained section fronting the main street, a tunnel lead from the street to the back yard where another fami ly accessed their self contained rear house. Both families shared a communal yard and there was access to a back lane. ■ In 1858 R.H. Allan of Blackwell Grange laid out 20 acres of land to the east of the main railway line for housing development . All the residential development on the eastern side of Al bert Hill was to come from this initiative. Some 431 Plots were marked out for sale but early optimism was not sustained and by 1876 only 58% of the plots had been sold and developed.
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