Storm Observation
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Sirocco Manual
SIROCCO INSTALLATION PROPER INSTALLATION IS IMPORTANT. IF YOU NEED ASSISTANCE, CONSULT A CONTRACTOR ELECTRICIAN OR TELEVISION ANTENNA INSTALLER (CHECK WITH YOUR LOCAL BUILDING SUPPLY, OR HARDWARE STORE FOR REFERRALS). TO PROMOTE CONFIDENCE, PERFORM A TRIAL WIRING BEFORE INSTALLATION. Determine where you are going to locate both the 1 rooftop sensor and the read-out. Feed the terminal lug end of the 2-conductor cable through 2 2-CONDUCTOR WIND SPEED the rubber boot and connect the lugs to the terminals on the bottom CABLE SENSOR of the wind speed sensor. (Do NOT adjust the nuts that are already BOOT on the sensor). The polarity does not matter. COTTER PIN 3 Slide the stub mast through the rubber boot and insert the stub mast into the bottom of the wind speed sensor. Secure with the cotter pin. Coat all conections with silicone sealant and slip the boot over the sensor. STRAIGHT STUB MAST Secure the sensor and the stub mast to your antenna 2-CONDUCTOR mast (not supplied) with the two hose clamps. Radio CABLE 4 Shack and similar stores have a selection of antenna HOSE CLAMPS masts and roof mounting brackets. Choose a mount that best suits your location and provides at least eight feet of vertical clearance above objects on the roof. TALL MAST EVE 8 FEET 5 Follow the instructions supplied with the antenna MOUNT VENT-PIPE mount and secure the mast to the mount. MOUNT CABLE WALL CHIMNEY Secure the wire to the building using CLIPS TRIPOD MOUNT MOUNT MOUNT 6 CAULK cable clips (do not use regular staples). -
Soaring Weather
Chapter 16 SOARING WEATHER While horse racing may be the "Sport of Kings," of the craft depends on the weather and the skill soaring may be considered the "King of Sports." of the pilot. Forward thrust comes from gliding Soaring bears the relationship to flying that sailing downward relative to the air the same as thrust bears to power boating. Soaring has made notable is developed in a power-off glide by a conven contributions to meteorology. For example, soar tional aircraft. Therefore, to gain or maintain ing pilots have probed thunderstorms and moun altitude, the soaring pilot must rely on upward tain waves with findings that have made flying motion of the air. safer for all pilots. However, soaring is primarily To a sailplane pilot, "lift" means the rate of recreational. climb he can achieve in an up-current, while "sink" A sailplane must have auxiliary power to be denotes his rate of descent in a downdraft or in come airborne such as a winch, a ground tow, or neutral air. "Zero sink" means that upward cur a tow by a powered aircraft. Once the sailcraft is rents are just strong enough to enable him to hold airborne and the tow cable released, performance altitude but not to climb. Sailplanes are highly 171 r efficient machines; a sink rate of a mere 2 feet per second. There is no point in trying to soar until second provides an airspeed of about 40 knots, and weather conditions favor vertical speeds greater a sink rate of 6 feet per second gives an airspeed than the minimum sink rate of the aircraft. -
Tornadoes & Funnel Clouds Fake Tornado
NOAA’s National Weather Service Basic Concepts of Severe Storm Spotting 2009 – Rusty Kapela Milwaukee/Sullivan weather.gov/milwaukee Housekeeping Duties • How many new spotters? - if this is your first spotter class & you intend to be a spotter – please raise your hands. • A basic spotter class slide set & an advanced spotter slide set can be found on the Storm Spotter Page on the Milwaukee/Sullivan web site (handout). • Utilize search engines and You Tube to find storm videos and other material. Class Agenda • 1) Why we are here • 2) National Weather Service Structure & Role • 3) Role of Spotters • 4) Types of reports needed from spotters • 5) Thunderstorm structure • 6) Shelf clouds & rotating wall clouds • 7) You earn your “Learner’s Permit” Thunderstorm Structure Those two cloud features you were wondering about… Storm Movement Shelf Cloud Rotating Wall Cloud Rain, Hail, Downburst winds Tornadoes & Funnel Clouds Fake Tornado It’s not rotating & no damage! Let’s Get Started! Video Why are we here? Parsons Manufacturing 120-140 employees inside July 13, 2004 Roanoke, IL Storm shelters F4 Tornado – no injuries or deaths. They have trained spotters with 2-way radios Why Are We Here? National Weather Service’s role – Issue warnings & provide training Spotter’s role – Provide ground-truth reports and observations We need (more) spotters!! National Weather Service Structure & Role • Federal Government • Department of Commerce • National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration • National Weather Service 122 Field Offices, 6 Regional, 13 River Forecast Centers, Headquarters, other specialty centers Mission – issue forecasts and warnings to minimize the loss of life & property National Weather Service Forecast Office - Milwaukee/Sullivan Watch/Warning responsibility for 20 counties in southeast and south- central Wisconsin. -
More Observations of Small Funnel Clouds and Other Tubular Clouds
3714 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW VOLUME 133 PICTURE OF THE MONTH More Observations of Small Funnel Clouds and Other Tubular Clouds HOWARD B. BLUESTEIN School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma (Manuscript received 14 March 2005, in final form 20 May 2005) ABSTRACT In this brief contribution, photographic documentation is provided of a variety of small, tubular-shaped clouds and of a small funnel cloud pendant from a convective cloud that appears to have been modified by flow over high-altitude mountains in northeast Colorado. These funnel clouds are contrasted with others that have been documented, including those pendant from high-based cumulus clouds in the plains of the United States. It is suggested that the mountain funnel cloud is unique in that flow over high terrain is probably responsible for its existence; other types of small funnel clouds are seen both over elevated, mountainous terrain and over flat terrain at lower elevations. 1. Introduction which the benign funnel clouds occur so that if they are observed, severe weather warnings are not issued. Fur- Bluestein (1994) and others (e.g., Doswell 1985, p. thermore, the small funnel clouds are of interest in their 107; McCaul and Blanchard 1990) have documented, in own right because their dynamics are not well under- the plains of the United States, small funnel clouds pen- stood, and they have not been discussed in the litera- dant from convective clouds whose updrafts appear to ture to the much greater extent that the dynamics of be rooted above the boundary layer. Above many of tornadoes have (e.g., Davies-Jones 1986). -
Samantha Santeiu 02-15-09 Sec. 9, Dave Defina Chasing a Storm
Samantha Santeiu 02-15-09 Sec. 9, Dave DeFina Chasing a Storm Specific Purpose Statement : To inform my audience how meteorologists chase storms and about the importance of storm chasing in meteorological research. Central Idea : Storm chasing requires special tools and software; chases follow a general procedure on the chase day; and chasing has great importance in meteorological research. Pattern of Organization : topical. INTRODUCTION It’s September, 1900, in Galveston, Texas. Isaac Cline, a well-known climatologist, rides his horse and buggy along the beach. He’s here to observe the unusually high, gusting winds and huge waves crashing onshore. He orders the people of Galveston to evacuate. [VISUAL AID] Little did he know, he had just chased the massive Galveston hurricane of 1900 that would proceed to kill at least 6,000 people in the area. According to “A Brief History of Storm Chasing” on the National Association of Storm Chasers and Spotters website, this is one of the first accounts of storm chasing that we have. How about this: how many of you have seen the movie Twister ? [VISUAL AID] The basic storyline is that two people are storm chasers, and in the end they chase an epically huge tornado in the name of research. That is a more modern, albeit a bit inaccurate, account of storm chasing. I would like to inform you today about chasing storms, the way meteorologists do it. I plan to research severe storms as a career, so I have investigated the topic thoroughly and interviewed peers and professors on the subject. While storm chasing may seem like fun, there’s actually a lot involved. -
The Lagrange Torando During Vortex2. Part Ii: Photogrammetry Analysis of the Tornado Combined with Dual-Doppler Radar Data
6.3 THE LAGRANGE TORANDO DURING VORTEX2. PART II: PHOTOGRAMMETRY ANALYSIS OF THE TORNADO COMBINED WITH DUAL-DOPPLER RADAR DATA Nolan T. Atkins*, Roger M. Wakimoto#, Anthony McGee*, Rachel Ducharme*, and Joshua Wurman+ *Lyndon State College #National Center for Atmospheric Research +Center for Severe Weather Research Lyndonville, VT 05851 Boulder, CO 80305 Boulder, CO 80305 1. INTRODUCTION studies, however, that have related the velocity and reflectivity features observed in the radar data to Over the years, mobile ground-based and air- the visual characteristics of the condensation fun- borne Doppler radars have collected high-resolu- nel, debris cloud, and attendant surface damage tion data within the hook region of supercell (e.g., Bluestein et al. 1993, 1197, 204, 2007a&b; thunderstorms (e.g., Bluestein et al. 1993, 1997, Wakimoto et al. 2003; Rasmussen and Straka 2004, 2007a&b; Wurman and Gill 2000; Alexander 2007). and Wurman 2005; Wurman et al. 2007b&c). This paper is the second in a series that pre- These studies have revealed details of the low- sents analyses of a tornado that formed near level winds in and around tornadoes along with LaGrange, WY on 5 June 2009 during the Verifica- radar reflectivity features such as weak echo holes tion on the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Exper- and multiple high-reflectivity rings. There are few iment (VORTEX 2). VORTEX 2 (Wurman et al. 5 June, 2009 KCYS 88D 2002 UTC 2102 UTC 2202 UTC dBZ - 0.5° 100 Chugwater 100 50 75 Chugwater 75 330° 25 Goshen Co. 25 km 300° 50 Goshen Co. 25 60° KCYS 30° 30° 50 80 270° 10 25 40 55 dBZ 70 -45 -30 -15 0 15 30 45 ms-1 Fig. -
June 18, 2017 Landspout Tornadoes
June 18, 2017 Landspout Tornadoes During the evening hours of Sunday, June 18, thunderstorms developed in the vicinity of a cold front over Reagan and Upton Counties.As a result of intense heating and an incredible amount of instability along this boundary, three EF0 landspout* (see definitionat bottom of report) tornadoes touched down in Reagan and southeast Upton Counties between 7 and 8 pm CDT. These tornadoes occurred in open country and no damage was reported. Tornado #1 – EF0: Southwest Reagan County to Southeast Upton County (~7:05-7:13 pm CDT) The first thunderstorm developed around 6:00 pm near Big Lake, TX and slowly moved west along and near US Hwy 67. Law enforcement officersand folks in the area viewed and took images of a tornado that developed 1-2 miles south of US Hwy 67 roughly 14 miles east of Big Lake and continued westward through open fields insouth east portions of Upton County. The tornado was narrow, perhaps 50-75 yards in width and no damage was reported with this tornado. Photo by Maybell Carrasco Photo by Greg Romero Tornado #2 – EF0: Central Reagan Photo by Shanna Gibson County (~8:00 pm CDT) Another thunderstorm moving west, entered eastern Reagan County around 7:30 pm. As this storm approached Big Lake, a second tornado was spotted around 8 pm roughly 6-7 miles northeast of Big Lake, 2-3 miles east of SH 137. This tornado was very short-lived and went undetected on radar. It occurred in open country and no damage was reported. Tornado #3 – EF0: Northeast Reagan County – approximately 20-25 miles north of Big Lake. -
PROTECT YOUR PROPERTY from STORM SURGE Owning a House Is One of the Most Important Investments Most People Make
PROTECT YOUR PROPERTY FROM STORM SURGE Owning a house is one of the most important investments most people make. Rent is a large expense for many households. We work hard to provide a home and a future for ourselves and our loved ones. If you live near the coast, where storm surge is possible, take the time to protect yourself, your family and your belongings. Storm surge is the most dangerous and destructive part of coastal flooding. It can turn a peaceful waterfront into a rushing wall of water that floods homes, erodes beaches and damages roadways. While you can’t prevent a storm surge, you can minimize damage to keep your home and those who live there safe. First, determine the Base Flood Elevation (BFE) for your home. The BFE is how high floodwater is likely to rise during a 1%-annual-chance event. BFEs are used to manage floodplains in your community. The regulations about BFEs could affect your home. To find your BFE, you can look up your address on the National Flood Hazard Layer. If you need help accessing or understanding your BFE, contact FEMA’s Flood Mapping and Insurance eXchange. You can send an email to FEMA-FMIX@ fema.dhs.gov or call 877 FEMA MAP (877-336-2627). Your local floodplain manager can help you find this information. Here’s how you can help protect your home from a storm surge. OUTSIDE YOUR HOME ELEVATE While it is an investment, elevating your SECURE Do you have a manufactured home and want flood insurance YOUR HOME home is one of the most effective ways MANUFACTURED from the National Flood Insurance Program? If so, your home to mitigate storm surge effects. -
Riding the Storm
physicsworld.com Careers Riding the storm out A career in severe-weather research offers flexibility and plenty of opportunities to experience the fascinating physics of the rotating fluid called the atmosphere. Josh Wurman describes the science of storm-chasing and why hurricanes are scarier than tornadoes Take me to the weather Josh Wurman enjoys the freedom that being a freelance meteorologist affords him. I am standing on a bridge near the North thematical, essentially applied fluid dynam- mapped out the winds inside tornadoes, so Carolina coast. There is a light breeze, and I ics, and the real-world effects of these equa- no-one really knew how strong they were. am enjoying some hazy sunshine. But this tions can be seen every day. The equations After reading the relevant literature, I de- calm is an illusion: in a few minutes winds of of motion for the atmosphere cause trees to cided that a more ambitious technological up to 45 m s–1 (100 mph) will sweep in again. be blown down, hail to fall and snowdrifts and logistical approach could push back the The approaches to my section of the bridge to pile up – all things that I could witness veil of ignorance about these fascinating phe- are already drowned under 2.5 m of water, while growing up in Pennsylvania. nomena. So in 1994 I decided to shift focus, and my companions on this island are an I started out as a physics major at the Mas- leaving NCAR for a faculty position at the eclectic mix of traumatized animals, inclu- sachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University of Oklahoma, where I developed ding snakes, rats, wounded pelicans and but my real interest was meteorology, in a prototype mobile weather radar system frogs. -
February 2021 Historical Winter Storm Event South-Central Texas
Austin/San Antonio Weather Forecast Office WEATHER EVENT SUMMARY February 2021 Historical Winter Storm Event South-Central Texas 10-18 February 2021 A Snow-Covered Texas. GeoColor satellite image from the morning of 15 February, 2021. February 2021 South Central Texas Historical Winter Storm Event South-Central Texas Winter Storm Event February 10-18, 2021 Event Summary Overview An unprecedented and historical eight-day period of winter weather occurred between 10 February and 18 February across South-Central Texas. The first push of arctic air arrived in the area on 10 February, with the cold air dropping temperatures into the 20s and 30s across most of the area. The first of several frozen precipitation events occurred on the morning of 11 February where up to 0.75 inches of freezing rain accumulated on surfaces in Llano and Burnet Counties and 0.25-0.50 inches of freezing rain accumulated across the Austin metropolitan area with lesser amounts in portions of the Hill Country and New Braunfels area. For several days, the cold air mass remained in place across South-Central Texas, but a much colder air mass remained stationary across the Northern Plains. This record-breaking arctic air was able to finally move south into the region late on 14 February and into 15 February as a strong upper level low-pressure system moved through the Southern Plains. As this system moved through the region, snow began to fall and temperatures quickly fell into the single digits and teens. Most areas of South-Central Texas picked up at least an inch of snow with the highest amounts seen from Del Rio and Eagle Pass extending to the northeast into the Austin and San Antonio areas. -
Squall Lines: Meteorology, Skywarn Spotting, & a Brief Look at the 18
Squall Lines: Meteorology, Skywarn Spotting, & A Brief Look At The 18 June 2010 Derecho Gino Izzi National Weather Service, Chicago IL Outline • Meteorology 301: Squall lines – Brief review of thunderstorm basics – Squall lines – Squall line tornadoes – Mesovorticies • Storm spotting for squall lines • Brief Case Study of 18 June 2010 Event Thunderstorm Ingredients • Moisture – Gulf of Mexico most common source locally Thunderstorm Ingredients • Lifting Mechanism(s) – Fronts – Jet Streams – “other” boundaries – topography Thunderstorm Ingredients • Instability – Measure of potential for air to accelerate upward – CAPE: common variable used to quantify magnitude of instability < 1000: weak 1000-2000: moderate 2000-4000: strong 4000+: extreme Thunderstorms Thunderstorms • Moisture + Instability + Lift = Thunderstorms • What kind of thunderstorms? – Single Cell – Multicell/Squall Line – Supercells Thunderstorm Types • What determines T-storm Type? – Short/simplistic answer: CAPE vs Shear Thunderstorm Types • What determines T-storm Type? (Longer/more complex answer) – Lot we don’t know, other factors (besides CAPE/shear) include • Strength of forcing • Strength of CAP • Shear WRT to boundary • Other stuff Thunderstorm Types • Multi-cell squall lines most common type of severe thunderstorm type locally • Most common type of severe weather is damaging winds • Hail and brief tornadoes can occur with most the intense squall lines Squall Lines & Spotting Squall Line Terminology • Squall Line : a relatively narrow line of thunderstorms, often -
Skip Talbot Photography by Jennifer Brindley
STORM SPOTTING Skip Talbot SECRETS Photography by Jennifer Brindley Ubl and others Topics • Supercell Visualization • Radar Presentation • Structure Identification • Storm Properties • Walk Through Disclaimers • Attend spotter training • Your safety is more important than spotting, photos, video, or tornado reports Supercell Visualization Lemon and Doswell 1979 Supercell Visualization Supercell Visualization Photo: Chris Gullikson Supercell Visualization Photo: Chris Gullikson Anvil Anvil Backshear Mammatus Cumulonimbus Flanking Line Cloud Base Striations Precipitation Wall Cloud Precipitation-free Base Supercell Visualization Radar Presentation Classic Hook Echo Radar Presentation Android / iOS Android Windows GrLevel3 / GrLevel2 Radar Presentation Classic Hook Echo Radar Presentation Radar Presentation Radar Presentation Radar Presentation Storm Spotting Zoo • Bear’s Cage • Whale’s Mouth • Beaver Tail • Horseshoe • Ghost Train Base (Updraft Base) (Rain Free Base or RFB) Base (Updraft Base) (Rain Free Base or RFB) Base (Updraft Base) (Rain Free Base or RFB) Base (Updraft Base) (Rain Free Base or RFB) Base (Updraft Base) (Rain Free Base or RFB) Base (Updraft Base) (Rain Free Base or RFB) Horseshoe Horseshoe Horseshoe Horseshoe Horseshoe Horseshoe Horseshoe Horseshoe Horseshoe Horseshoe Horseshoe Horseshoe Horseshoe Horseshoe - Cyclical supercell with multiple tornadoes HorseshoeHorseshoe HorseshoeHorseshoe Horseshoe Horseshoe – Anticyclonic Funnel Horseshoe Horseshoe – Anticyclonic Funnel Horseshoe - No Wall Cloud Horseshoe - No Wall Cloud