The Mathematics of Game Shows
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Collusion Constrained Equilibrium
Theoretical Economics 13 (2018), 307–340 1555-7561/20180307 Collusion constrained equilibrium Rohan Dutta Department of Economics, McGill University David K. Levine Department of Economics, European University Institute and Department of Economics, Washington University in Saint Louis Salvatore Modica Department of Economics, Università di Palermo We study collusion within groups in noncooperative games. The primitives are the preferences of the players, their assignment to nonoverlapping groups, and the goals of the groups. Our notion of collusion is that a group coordinates the play of its members among different incentive compatible plans to best achieve its goals. Unfortunately, equilibria that meet this requirement need not exist. We instead introduce the weaker notion of collusion constrained equilibrium. This al- lows groups to put positive probability on alternatives that are suboptimal for the group in certain razor’s edge cases where the set of incentive compatible plans changes discontinuously. These collusion constrained equilibria exist and are a subset of the correlated equilibria of the underlying game. We examine four per- turbations of the underlying game. In each case,we show that equilibria in which groups choose the best alternative exist and that limits of these equilibria lead to collusion constrained equilibria. We also show that for a sufficiently broad class of perturbations, every collusion constrained equilibrium arises as such a limit. We give an application to a voter participation game that shows how collusion constraints may be socially costly. Keywords. Collusion, organization, group. JEL classification. C72, D70. 1. Introduction As the literature on collective action (for example, Olson 1965) emphasizes, groups often behave collusively while the preferences of individual group members limit the possi- Rohan Dutta: [email protected] David K. -
American Idol S3 Judge Audition Venue Announcement 2019
Aug. 5, 2019 TELEVISION’S ICONIC STAR-MAKER ‘AMERICAN IDOL’ HITS THE RIGHT NOTES LUKE BRYAN, KATY PERRY AND LIONEL RICHIE TO RETURN FOR NEW SEASON ON ABC Twenty-two City Cross-Country Audition Tour Kicked Off on Tuesday, JuLy 23, in BrookLyn, New York Bobby Bones to Return as In-House Mentor In its second season on ABC, “American Idol” dominated Sunday nights and claimed the position as Sunday’s No. 1 most social show. In doing so, the reality competition series also proved that untapped talent from coast to coast is still waiting to be discovered. As previously announced, the star-maker will continue to help young singers realize their dreams with an all-new season premiering spring 2020. Returning to help find the next singing sensation are music industry legends and all-star judges Luke Bryan, Katy Perry and Lionel Richie. Multimedia personality Bobby Bones will return as in-house mentor. The all-new nationwide search for the next superstar kicked off with open call auditions in Brooklyn, New York, and will advance on to 21 additional cities across the country. In addition to auditioning in person, hopefuls can also submit audition videos online or show off their talent via Instagram, Facebook or Twitter using the hashtag #TheNextIdol. “‘American Idol’ is the original music competition series,” said Karey Burke, president, ABC Entertainment. “It was the first of its kind to take everyday singers and catapult them into superstardom, launching the careers of so many amazing artists. We couldn’t be more excited for Katy, Luke, Lionel and Bobby to continue in their roles as ‘American Idol’ searches for the next great music star, with more live episodes and exciting, new creative elements coming this season.” “We are delighted to have our judges Katy, Luke and Lionel as well as in-house mentor Bobby back on ‘American Idol,’” said executive producer and showrunner Trish Kinane. -
Sesame Street 50 Years of Sunny Days Talent Added 2021
April 14, 2021 FIRST LADY JILL BIDEN, UNHCR SPECIAL ENVOY ANGELINA JOLIE, JOHN OLIVER AND ROSIE PEREZ JOIN THE STAR-STUDDED ROSTER FOR ABC’S ‘SESAME STREET: 50 YEARS OF SUNNY DAYS,’ PRODUCED BY TIME STUDIOS, AIRING MONDAY, APRIL 26, AT 8|7C FEATURING ORIGINAL MUSIC FROM THE LEGENDARY STEVIE WONDER AND NEVER-BEFORE-SEEN FOOTAGE WatcH tHe Newest Promo HERE The first lady of the United States Dr. Jill Biden, UNHCR Special Envoy Angelina Jolie, CNN’s Dr. Sanjay Gupta, John Oliver and Rosie Perez join the incredible lineup of special guests for the two-hour documentary “Sesame Street: 50 Years of Sunny Days,” a special produced by TIME Studios airing MONDAY, APRIL 26 (8:00-10:00 p.m. EDT), on ABC. Stevie Wonder, known for his iconic performances of “123 Sesame Street” and “Superstition” on the beloved series, will perform his re- imagined version of “Sesame Street” classic “Sunny Days” for the documentary. The special can be viewed the next day on demand and on Hulu. The documentary, which highlights the more than 50-year impact of this iconic show and the nonprofit behind it, Sesame Workshop, will also include never-before-seen footage of an episode produced in 1992 focusing on the topic of divorce and around the experience of Mr. Snuffleupagus and his family. The special will examine the decision to ultimately not air the episode, marking the only time in the show’s history such a decision was made. “Sesame Street: 50 Years of Sunny Days” reflects upon the efforts that have earned “Sesame Street” unparalleled respect and qualification around the globe, including addressing their responsibility to social issues that have historically been seen as taboo such as racial injustice. -
We'll Keep You Rolling Along
4B The herald-News wedNesday, JuNe 17, 2020 TV Guide Listings June 17 - June 23 Ky. Campuses, Education Groups A-DirecTV;B-Dish;C-Brandenburg JUNE 17, 2020 SUNDAYWEEKDAY EVENING AFTERNOONS A-DirecTV;B-Dish;C-Brandenburg JUNE 21, 2020 A B C 12:00 12:30 1:00 1:30 2:00 2:30 3:00 3:30 4:00 4:30 5:00 A B C 6:00 6:30 7:00 7:30 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 Kick Off FAFSA Fridays Campaign 3/WAVE 3 3 3 Days of our Lives Caught Live PD WAVE 3 News WAVE 3 News News News News 3/WAVE 3 3 3 Game Night The Titan Games America’s Got Talent “Auditions 4” WAVE 3 News Greta 7/WTVW News Andy G. Hot Hot Varied Jerry Jerry Springer People’s Court Judge 7/WTVW News Andy G. DC’s Stargirl (S) Supergirl News Theory Family Family FRANKFORT– Kentucky colleges and for college, and ultimately, a successful ca- 9/WNIN Sesame Varied Programs Go Luna Nature ÅWild Molly Xavier Odd Arthur Splash 9/WNIN Prehistoric-Trip Royal Myths Grantchester Beecham House Across the Pacifi c Royal universities along with key leaders in edu- reer. Stakeholders will drive that message 11/WHAS 11 11 11 Pandemic-You General Hospital Blast Blast WHAS11 News News News News 11/WHAS 11 11 11 Celebrity Fam John Legend Press Your Luck Match Game (S) News Osteen NCIS 23/WKZT 4 Varied Programs Pink Dino Cat in Nature Odd Arthur Varied cation launched a new public awareness home every week through the campaign, he 23/WKZT 4 Shakespeare Royal Myths Grantchester Beecham House Modus (S) Wine 32/WLKY 32 32 5 25 Bold The Talk Tamron Hall Young & Restless News NewsÅ News campaign – called FAFSA Fridays – to re- said. -
Game Theory Chris Georges Some Examples of 2X2 Games Here Are
Game Theory Chris Georges Some Examples of 2x2 Games Here are some widely used stylized 2x2 normal form games (two players, two strategies each). The ranking of the payoffs is what distinguishes the games, rather than the actual values of these payoffs. I will use Watson’s numbers here (see e.g., p. 31). Coordination game: two friends have agreed to meet on campus, but didn’t resolve where. They had narrowed it down to two possible choices: library or pub. Here are two versions. Player 2 Library Pub Player 1 Library 1,1 0,0 Pub 0,0 1,1 Player 2 Library Pub Player 1 Library 2,2 0,0 Pub 0,0 1,1 Battle of the Sexes: This is an asymmetric coordination game. A couple is trying to agree on what to do this evening. They have narrowed the choice down to two concerts: Nicki Minaj or Justin Bieber. Each prefers one over the other, but prefers either to doing nothing. If they disagree, they do nothing. Possible metaphor for bargaining (strategies are high wage, low wage: if disagreement we get a strike (0,0)) or agreement between two firms on a technology standard. Notice that this is a coordination game in which the two players are of different types (have different preferences). Player 2 NM JB Player 1 NM 2,1 0,0 JB 0,0 1,2 Matching Pennies: coordination is good for one player and bad for the other. Player 1 wins if the strategies match, player 2 wins if they don’t match. -
PRESS RELEASE Endless Games Deals New Card Sharks Game
PRESS RELEASE For Immediate Release Media Contact: Greg Walsh, Walsh Public Relations 305 Knowlton Street, Bridgeport, CT 06608 [email protected]; 203-292-6280 Endless Games Deals New Card Sharks Game New York, NY - (January 29, 2020) – Endless Games gets “deal” to expand its licensed TV Game Show category with a home version of the current hit ABC-TV Game Show, Card Sharks, hosted by funnyman Joel McHale. Debuting at The 2020 American International Toy Fair in New York, Endless Games (Javits Center Booth 165) will debut the Official Card Sharks TV Game Show Game (MSRP $24.99 for 3 or more players ages 14+) which brings all of the fun of the show into your home for friends and family to play together. Card Sharks is the game where one turn of a playing card can make you a winner or a loser! Answer tough guess-timate questions, while your opponent has to choose if you guessed too high or too low. The winner has a chance to predict their hand of cards one at a time. In the Endless Games home version of Card Sharks, individuals can play as solo contestants or a large group can organize for team play. Card Sharks is latest in Endless Games’ extremely successful line of game show adaptations, which already includes Jeopardy and Wheel of Fortune Card Games and Junior Card Games, as well as Password board game. About Endless Games: Founded in 1996 by industry veterans Mike Gasser, Kevin McNulty and game inventor Brian Turtle, Endless Games specializes in games that offer classic entertainment and hours of fun at affordable prices. -
Coordination Games on Dynamical Networks
Games 2010, 1, 242-261; doi:10.3390/g1030242 OPEN ACCESS games ISSN 2073-4336 www.mdpi.com/journal/games Article Coordination Games on Dynamical Networks Marco Tomassini and Enea Pestelacci ? Information Systems Institute, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; E-Mail: [email protected] ? Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +41-21-692-3583; Fax: +41-21-692-3585. Received: 8 June 2010; in revised form: 7 July 2010 / Accepted: 28 July 2010 / Published: 29 July 2010 Abstract: We propose a model in which agents of a population interacting according to a network of contacts play games of coordination with each other and can also dynamically break and redirect links to neighbors if they are unsatisfied. As a result, there is co-evolution of strategies in the population and of the graph that represents the network of contacts. We apply the model to the class of pure and general coordination games. For pure coordination games, the networks co-evolve towards the polarization of different strategies. In the case of general coordination games our results show that the possibility of refusing neighbors and choosing different partners increases the success rate of the Pareto-dominant equilibrium. Keywords: evolutionary game theory; coordination games; games on dynamical networks; co-evolution 1. Introduction The purpose of Game Theory [1] is to describe situations in which two or more agents or entities may pursue different views about what is to be considered best by each of them. In other words, Game Theory, or at least the non-cooperative part of it, strives to describe what the agents’ rational decisions should be in such conflicting situations. -
Restoring Fun to Game Theory
Restoring Fun to Game Theory Avinash Dixit Abstract: The author suggests methods for teaching game theory at an introduc- tory level, using interactive games to be played in the classroom or in computer clusters, clips from movies to be screened and discussed, and excerpts from novels and historical books to be read and discussed. JEL codes: A22, C70 Game theory starts with an unfair advantage over most other scientific subjects—it is applicable to numerous interesting and thought-provoking aspects of decision- making in economics, business, politics, social interactions, and indeed to much of everyday life, making it automatically appealing to students. However, too many teachers and textbook authors lose this advantage by treating the subject in such an abstract and formal way that the students’ eyes glaze over. Even the interests of the abstract theorists will be better served if introductory courses are motivated using examples and classroom games that engage the students’ interest and encourage them to go on to more advanced courses. This will create larger audiences for the abstract game theorists; then they can teach students the mathematics and the rigor that are surely important aspects of the subject at the higher levels. Game theory has become a part of the basic framework of economics, along with, or even replacing in many contexts, the traditional supply-demand frame- work in partial and general equilibrium. Therefore economics students should be introduced to game theory right at the beginning of their studies. Teachers of eco- nomics usually introduce game theory by using economics applications; Cournot duopoly is the favorite vehicle. -
Epic Television Events Clue
Nov. 18, 2019 CATEGORY: EPIC TELEVISION EVENTS CLUE: THE THREE HIGHEST MONEY WINNERS IN ‘JEOPARDY!’ HISTORY COMING TO ABC IN A PRIME-TIME COMPETITION HOSTED BY ALEX TREBEK CORRECT RESPONSE: WHO ARE KEN JENNINGS, BRAD RUTTER AND JAMES HOLZHAUER? The Multiple Consecutive Night Event, ‘JEOPARDY! The Greatest of All Time,’ Begins Tuesday, Jan. 7, on ABC Photo credit: Jeopardy Productions Inc.* On the heels of the iconic Tournament of Champions, “JEOPARDY!” is coming to ABC in a multiple consecutive night event with “JEOPARDY! The Greatest of All Time,” premiering TUESDAY, JAN. 7 (8:00-9:00 p.m. EST), on ABC. Hosted by Alex Trebek, “JEOPARDY! The Greatest of All Time” is produced by Sony Pictures Television. Harry Friedman will executive produce. This epic television event brings together the three highest money winners in the long-running game show’s history: Ken Jennings, Brad Rutter and James Holzhauer. The “JEOPARDY!” fan favorites will compete in a series of matches; the first to win three receives $1 million and the title of “JEOPARDY! The Greatest of All Time.” The two runners up will each receive $250,000. “Based on their previous performances, these three are already the ‘greatest,’ but you can’t help wondering: who is the best of the best?” Trebek said. “I am always so blown away by the incredibly talented and legendary Alex Trebek who has entertained, rallied and championed the masses for generations—and the world class ‘JEOPARDY!’ team who truly are ‘the greatest of all time,’” Said Karey Burke, President, ABC Entertainment. “This timeless and extraordinary format is the gift that keeps on giving and winning the hearts of America every week. -
Minimax Regret and Deviations Form Nash Equilibrium
Minmax regret and deviations from Nash Equilibrium Michal Lewandowski∗ December 10, 2019 Abstract We build upon Goeree and Holt [American Economic Review, 91 (5) (2001), 1402-1422] and show that the departures from Nash Equilibrium predictions observed in their experiment on static games of complete in- formation can be explained by minimizing the maximum regret. Keywords: minmax regret, Nash equilibrium JEL Classification Numbers: C7 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivating examples Game theory predictions are sometimes counter-intuitive. Below, we give three examples. First, consider the traveler's dilemma game of Basu (1994). An airline loses two identical suitcases that belong to two different travelers. The airline worker talks to the travelers separately asking them to report the value of their case between $2 and $100. If both tell the same amount, each gets this amount. If one amount is smaller, then each of them will get this amount with either a bonus or a malus: the traveler who chose the smaller amount will get $2 extra; the other traveler will have to pay $2 penalty. Intuitively, reporting a value that is a little bit below $100 seems a good strategy in this game. This is so, because reporting high value gives you a chance of receiving large payoff without risking much { compared to reporting lower values the maximum possible loss is $4, i.e. the difference between getting the bonus and getting the malus. Bidding a little below instead of exactly $100 ∗Warsaw School of Economics, [email protected] Minmax regret strategies Michal Lewandowski Figure 1: Asymmetric matching pennies LR T 7; 0 0; 1 B 0; 1 1; 0 Figure 2: Choose an effort games Game A Game B LR LR T 2; 2 −3; 1 T 5; 5 0; 1 B 1; −3 1; 1 B 1; 0 1; 1 avoids choosing a strictly dominant action. -
Chapter 10 Game Theory: Inside Oligopoly
Managerial Economics & Business Strategy Chapter 10 Game Theory: Inside Oligopoly McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2010 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Overview I. Introduction to Game Theory II. Simultaneous-Move, One-Shot Games III. Infinitely Repeated Games IV. Finitely Repeated Games V. Multistage Games 10-2 Game Environments Players’ planned decisions are called strategies. Payoffs to players are the profits or losses resulting from strategies. Order of play is important: – Simultaneous-move game: each player makes decisions with knowledge of other players’ decisions. – Sequential-move game: one player observes its rival’s move prior to selecting a strategy. Frequency of rival interaction – One-shot game: game is played once. – Repeated game: game is played more than once; either a finite or infinite number of interactions. 10-3 Simultaneous-Move, One-Shot Games: Normal Form Game A Normal Form Game consists of: – Set of players i ∈ {1, 2, … n} where n is a finite number. – Each players strategy set or feasible actions consist of a finite number of strategies. • Player 1’s strategies are S 1 = {a, b, c, …}. • Player 2’s strategies are S2 = {A, B, C, …}. – Payoffs. • Player 1’s payoff: π1(a,B) = 11. • Player 2’s payoff: π2(b,C) = 12. 10-4 A Normal Form Game Player 2 Strategy ABC a 12 ,11 11 ,12 14 ,13 b 11 ,10 10 ,11 12 ,12 Player 1 Player c 10 ,15 10 ,13 13 ,14 10-5 Normal Form Game: Scenario Analysis Suppose 1 thinks 2 will choose “A”. Player 2 Strategy ABC a 12 ,11 11 ,12 14 ,13 b 11 ,10 10 ,11 12 ,12 Player 1 Player c 10 ,15 10 ,13 13 ,14 10-6 Normal Form Game: Scenario Analysis Then 1 should choose “a”. -
Analyzing the Price Is Right
Analyzing The Price is Right A Major Qualifying Project Submitted to the faculty of Worcester Polytechnic Institute in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science By: __________________________________ __________________________________ Corey O’Malley Marshall Patrolia Approved by: Barry Posterro Jon Abraham Date: April 24, 2019 This report represents work of WPI undergraduate students submitted to the faculty as evidence of a degree requirement. WPI routinely publishes these reports on its web site without editorial or peer review. For more information about the projects program at WPI, see http://www.wpi.edu/Academics/Projects ` Abstract The purpose of this MQP is to analyze all the games on The Price is Right and find strategies to improve the constant’s probability of winning assuming they have no pricing knowledge. Using analytics and simulations, every game was analyzed and put in categories of low, medium, or high strategy. The project includes a catalog of all the current Price is Right games, including a description of the game; the strategy that should be implemented to improve the contestant’s odds; and the probability of winning with and without strategy. 1 ` Acknowledgements We would like to thank our advisors Barry Posterro and Jon Abraham for their time and guidance during this project. 2 ` Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 1 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................