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Role of Vimf in Gingipain Maturation in Porphyromonas Gingivalis Arun S

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Role of Vimf in Gingipain Maturation in Porphyromonas Gingivalis Arun S Loma Linda University TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects 9-1-2013 Role of VimF in Gingipain Maturation in Porphyromonas gingivalis Arun S. Muthiah Loma Linda University Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd Part of the Medical Genetics Commons, and the Medical Microbiology Commons Recommended Citation Muthiah, Arun S., "Role of VimF in Gingipain Maturation in Porphyromonas gingivalis" (2013). Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects. 139. http://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/139 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects by an authorized administrator of TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY School of Medicine in conjunction with the Faculty of Graduate Studies ____________________ Role of VimF in Gingipain Maturation in Porphyromonas gingivalis by Arun S Muthiah ____________________ A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Microbiology and Molecular Genetics ____________________ September 2013 © 2013 Arun S Muthiah All Rights Reserved Each person whose signature appears below certifies that this dissertation in his/her opinion is adequate, in scope and quality, as a dissertation for the degree Doctor of Philosophy. , Chairperson Hansel M Fletcher, Vice Chair for Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and Professor of Biochemistry and Microbiology Danilo Boskovic, Assistant Professor of Biochemistry Mark Johnson, Associate Research Professor, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Christopher Perry, Assistant Research Professor of Biochemistry Ubaldo Soto-Wegner, Assistant Research Professor of Biochemistry and Microbiology iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank God, for life, the opportunities and challenges He constantly provides for me in scientific research to question and understand the intricate working of basic building blocks of life. My years at Loma Linda University have turned out to be the most intellectually challenging and important years in my life. I was challenged in ways I never anticipated by my advisor, my lab mates, my peers, and my teachers. For this, I feel that there are many people that deserve my gratitude. I will start by first thanking my advisor, Professor Hansel M Fletcher. His unmatched passion, love, and enthusiasm for science has been an inspiration to me. Through his constant challenges, suggestions and encouragements I feel like I have matured as a scientist and as an individual. This dissertation would not have been possible without Dr. Fletcher’s guidance and advice. Thanks for believing in me. I also need to acknowledge my lab-mates, who have played an important part in my years at Loma Linda University. Firstly, I want to thank Dr. Devon Osbourne for teaching me basic techniques of molecular biology. His initial help in cloning the vimF gene will always be remembered. I also thank Drs. Francis Roy, Wilson Aruni and Yuetan Dou for their friendship and experience from which I have learnt a lot. Without their daily advice, suggestions and conversations I would not have made it this far. I also thank Drs. Henry Leroy, Rachelle McKenzie, Mary Clair and Antonette Robles and all other lab mates past and present for their support and encouragement. I also want to thank my committee members, Drs. Johnson, Boskovic, Soto and Perry, who generously offered their valuable time in aiding me in my dissertation and iv defense. Finally and importantly I thank my family, Sally and Joshua for being there for me through all the challenges and stress I brought home from work. They in their unique ways have helped me overcome stress and made me feel relaxed. I thank God for the wonderful family He has blessed me with. I wouldn‘t be who I am today if it was not for the constant encouragement and support of these two. I am also grateful to my parents and friends for support through prayers. No words can express how thankful I am for all the support, love, and advice that all these people have given me during the last six years. v CONTENTS Approval Page ................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... iv Table of Contents .............................................................................................................. vi List of Figures .....................................................................................................................x List of Tables ................................................................................................................... xii List of Abbreviations ...................................................................................................... xiii List of Bacterial Strains .................................................................................................. xvi Abstract of the Dissertation ............................................................................................ xvii Chapter 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................1 Bacteria and Oral Cavity ....................................................................................1 Progression of Periodontal Disease ..................................................................2 Anatomy of Periodontium .................................................................................4 Risk Factors of Periodontitis .............................................................................7 Smoking .......................................................................................................7 Diabetes .......................................................................................................8 Stress ...........................................................................................................8 Genetics .......................................................................................................9 Complications of Periodontitis ........................................................................10 Cardiovascular Disease ..............................................................................10 Preterm/low Birth Weight Babies .............................................................11 Respiratory Infections ...............................................................................13 Rheumatoid Arthritis ................................................................................13 Porphyromonas gingivalis and its Virulence Factors .....................................14 Fimbriae ....................................................................................................15 Lipopolysaccharide ...................................................................................16 Capsule ......................................................................................................17 Gingipains .................................................................................................18 vi Glycosylation ..................................................................................................20 Glycosylation in Bacteria ..........................................................................21 Glycosyltransferases .................................................................................22 Chemistry of Glycosyltransferases ...........................................................23 Glycosyltransferase in P. gingivalis .........................................................24 Gingipain Maturation ......................................................................................25 Gingipain Maturation and vim Locus .......................................................26 Other Genes Involved in Gingipain Maturation .......................................27 Gingipain Glycosylation ...........................................................................28 C-terminal Residues of RgpB and Maturation ..........................................29 Approach of the Study ....................................................................................31 References .......................................................................................................32 2. In Porphyromonas gingivalis VimF is Involved in Gingipain Maturation Through the Transfer of Galactose .......................................................................47 Abstract ...........................................................................................................48 Introduction .....................................................................................................49 Materials and Methods ....................................................................................51 Bacterial Growth Conditions and Gingipain Assays ................................51 DNA Isolation, Analysis and Cloning of the vimF gene ..........................52 Purification of rVimF ................................................................................52
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