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Genetic Differentiation in the Mountainous Star Coral Orbicella Faveolata Around Cuba
Coral Reefs (2018) 37:1217–1227 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-018-1722-x REPORT Genetic differentiation in the mountainous star coral Orbicella faveolata around Cuba 1 2,3 4 1 Gabriela Ulmo-Dı´az • Didier Casane • Louis Bernatchez • Patricia Gonza´lez-Dı´az • 5 1 6 Amy Apprill • Jessy Castellanos-Gell • Leslie Herna´ndez-Ferna´ndez • Erik Garcı´a-Machado1 Received: 6 March 2018 / Accepted: 16 July 2018 / Published online: 19 July 2018 Ó Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract Caribbean coral reefs are biodiversity-rich populations. Here, we analyzed the variation at the mito- habitats which provide numerous ecosystem services with chondrial DNA control region and six microsatellite loci both ecological and economical values, but nowadays they from O. faveolata colonies from five distant localities are severely degraded. In particular, populations of the representing most of the main coral reefs around Cuba. major framework-building coral Orbicella faveolata have Both genetic markers showed evidence of genetic differ- declined sharply, and therefore, understanding how these entiation between the northwestern area (Colorados threatened coral populations are interconnected and how Archipelago) and the other reefs. Colonies from the Col- demographic changes have impacted their genetic diversity orados Archipelago harbored the largest number of unique is essential for their management and conservation. Pre- mtDNA haplotypes and microsatellite alleles, which sug- vious population genetic surveys showed that gene flow in gests long-term large population size or gene flow from this species is sometimes locally restricted in the Car- other areas of the Caribbean. These results indicate that the ibbean; however, little genetic data are available for Cuban Colorados Archipelago area is particularly important for O. -
Marine Ecology Progress Series 506:129
Vol. 506: 129–144, 2014 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published June 23 doi: 10.3354/meps10808 Mar Ecol Prog Ser FREEREE ACCESSCCESS Long-term changes in Symbiodinium communities in Orbicella annularis in St. John, US Virgin Islands Peter J. Edmunds1,*, Xavier Pochon2,3, Don R. Levitan4, Denise M. Yost2, Mahdi Belcaid2, Hollie M. Putnam2, Ruth D. Gates2 1Department of Biology, California State University, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, CA 91330-8303, USA 2Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, PO Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA 3Environmental Technologies, Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand 4Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA ABSTRACT: Efforts to monitor coral reefs rarely combine ecological and genetic tools to provide insight into the processes driving patterns of change. We focused on a coral reef at 14 m depth in St. John, US Virgin Islands, and used both sets of tools to examine 12 colonies of Orbicella (for- merly Montastraea) annularis in 2 photoquadrats that were monitored for 16 yr and sampled genetically at the start and end of the study. Coral cover and colony growth were assessed annu- ally, microsatellites were used to genetically identify coral hosts in 2010, and their Symbiodinium were genotyped using chloroplastic 23S (cloning) and nuclear ITS2 (cloning and pyrosequencing) in 1994 and 2010. Coral cover declined from 40 to 28% between 1994 and 2010, and 3 of the 12 sampled colonies increased in size, while 9 decreased in size. The relative abundance of Symbio- dinium clades varied among corals over time, and patterns of change differed between photo- quadrats but not among host genotypes. -
Spatially Distinct and Regionally Endemic Symbiodinium Assemblages in the Threatened Caribbean Reef-Building Coral Orbicella Faveolata
Coral Reefs (2015) 34:535–547 DOI 10.1007/s00338-015-1277-z REPORT Spatially distinct and regionally endemic Symbiodinium assemblages in the threatened Caribbean reef-building coral Orbicella faveolata Dustin W. Kemp • Daniel J. Thornhill • Randi D. Rotjan • Roberto Iglesias-Prieto • William K. Fitt • Gregory W. Schmidt Received: 28 October 2014 / Accepted: 19 February 2015 / Published online: 27 February 2015 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 Abstract Recently, the Caribbean reef-building coral Or- with species of Symbiodinium in clades A (type A3), B (B1 bicella faveolata was listed as ‘‘threatened’’ under the U.S. and B17), C (C3, C7, and C7a), and D (D1a/Symbiodinium Endangered Species Act. Despite attention to this species’ trenchii). Within-colony distributions of Symbiodinium conservation, the extent of geographic variation within O. species correlated with light availability, cardinal direction, faveolata warrants further investigation. O. faveolata is and depth, resulting in distinct zonation patterns of en- unusual in that it can simultaneously harbor multiple ge- dosymbionts within a host. Symbiodinium species from netically distinct and co-dominant species of endosymbiotic clades A and B occurred predominantly in the light-exposed dinoflagellates in the genus Symbiodinium. Here, we inves- tops, while species of clade C generally occurred in the tigate the geographic and within-colony complexity of shaded sides of colonies or in deeper-water habitats. Fur- Symbiodinium-O. faveolata associations from Florida Keys, thermore, geographic comparisons of host–symbiont asso- USA; Exuma Cays, Bahamas; Puerto Morelos, Mexico; and ciations revealed regional differences in Symbiodinium Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. We collected coral samples along associations. -
Photochemical Efficiencies in Reef-Dwelling Anthozoans
aphy an OPEN ACCESS Freely available online gr d M no a a r e in c e O R f e o s l e a a Journal of n r r c u h o J ISSN: 2572-3103 Oceanography and Marine Research Research Article Photochemical Efficiencies in Reef-Dwelling Anthozoans: Insights from “Survivor” Species Natasha Mendez-Ferrer*, Pamela Hallock College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Ave S, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA ABSTRACT In recent decades, populations of many coral species have declined dramatically on reefs worldwide. A major factor in coral mortality has been photo-oxidative stress associated with both solar irradiance and elevated temperatures. While many studies have focused on species that have declined, fewer efforts have focused on the “survivor” species, those that have maintained relatively stable populations or even increased in abundance. The objective of this study was to assess temporal variability in photochemical efficiencies (Fv/Fm) as an indicator of potential photo-oxidative stress in the dinoflagellate symbionts in three species, the scleractinians Siderastrea siderea and Montastraea cavernosa, and the zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum, whose populations have remained relatively stable along the Florida reef tract. Coral colonies with no visual indication of disease or bleaching were assessed quarterly in 2012 and 2013, at sites at 6 or 18 m depths. Colonies were dark-acclimated prior to measurements using pulse-amplitude modulated fluorometry. The mean Fv/Fm values for P. caribaeorum colonies assessed at 6 m depth were consistently the lowest (0.59, 0.02 SE). Siderastrea siderea assessed at both 6 and 18 m revealed significantly lower Fv/Fm values (p=0.0006) for those living at 6 m (0.64, 0.02 SE) than for those living at 18 m (0.68, 0.01 SE) depths. -
Sex, Polyps, and Medusae: Determination and Maintenance of Sex in Cnidarians†
e Reviewl Article Sex, Polyps, and Medusae: Determination and maintenance of sex in cnidarians† Runningc Head: Sex determination in Cnidaria 1* 1* i Stefan Siebert and Celina E. Juliano 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA t 95616, USA *Correspondence may be addressed to [email protected] or [email protected] r Abbreviations:GSC, germ line stem cell; ISC, interstitial stem cell. A Keywords:hermaphrodite, gonochorism, Hydra, Hydractinia, Clytia Funding: NIH NIA 1K01AG044435-01A1, UC Davis Start Up Funds Quote:Our ability to unravel the mechanisms of sex determination in a broad array of cnidariansd requires a better understanding of the cell lineage that gives rise to germ cells. e †This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which t may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: [10.1002/mrd.22690] p e Received 8 April 2016; Revised 9 August 2016; Accepted 10 August 2016 c Molecular Reproduction & Development This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved DOI 10.1002/mrd.22690 c This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved A e l Abstract Mechanisms of sex determination vary greatly among animals. Here we survey c what is known in Cnidaria, the clade that forms the sister group to Bilateria and shows a broad array of sexual strategies and sexual plasticity. This observed diversity makes Cnidariai a well-suited taxon for the study of the evolution of sex determination, as closely related species can have different mechanisms, which allows for comparative studies.t In this review, we survey the extensive descriptive data on sexual systems (e.g. -
Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Echinophyllia Aspera (Scleractinia
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 793: 1–14 (2018) Complete mitochondrial genome of Echinophyllia aspera... 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.793.28977 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Complete mitochondrial genome of Echinophyllia aspera (Scleractinia, Lobophylliidae): Mitogenome characterization and phylogenetic positioning Wentao Niu1, Shuangen Yu1, Peng Tian1, Jiaguang Xiao1 1 Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, China Corresponding author: Wentao Niu ([email protected]) Academic editor: B.W. Hoeksema | Received 9 August 2018 | Accepted 20 September 2018 | Published 29 October 2018 http://zoobank.org/8CAEC589-89C7-4D1D-BD69-1DB2416E2371 Citation: Niu W, Yu S, Tian P, Xiao J (2018) Complete mitochondrial genome of Echinophyllia aspera (Scleractinia, Lobophylliidae): Mitogenome characterization and phylogenetic positioning. ZooKeys 793: 1–14. https://doi. org/10.3897/zookeys.793.28977 Abstract Lack of mitochondrial genome data of Scleractinia is hampering progress across genetic, systematic, phy- logenetic, and evolutionary studies concerning this taxon. Therefore, in this study, the complete mitog- enome sequence of the stony coral Echinophyllia aspera (Ellis & Solander, 1786), has been decoded for the first time by next generation sequencing and genome assembly. The assembled mitogenome is 17,697 bp in length, containing 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), two transfer RNAs and two ribosomal RNAs. It has the same gene content and gene arrangement as in other Scleractinia. All genes are encoded on the same strand. Most of the PCGs use ATG as the start codon except for ND2, which uses ATT as the start codon. The A+T content of the mitochondrial genome is 65.92% (25.35% A, 40.57% T, 20.65% G, and 13.43% for C). -
A Review of Toxins from Cnidaria
marine drugs Review A Review of Toxins from Cnidaria Isabella D’Ambra 1,* and Chiara Lauritano 2 1 Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy 2 Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-081-5833201 Received: 4 August 2020; Accepted: 30 September 2020; Published: 6 October 2020 Abstract: Cnidarians have been known since ancient times for the painful stings they induce to humans. The effects of the stings range from skin irritation to cardiotoxicity and can result in death of human beings. The noxious effects of cnidarian venoms have stimulated the definition of their composition and their activity. Despite this interest, only a limited number of compounds extracted from cnidarian venoms have been identified and defined in detail. Venoms extracted from Anthozoa are likely the most studied, while venoms from Cubozoa attract research interests due to their lethal effects on humans. The investigation of cnidarian venoms has benefited in very recent times by the application of omics approaches. In this review, we propose an updated synopsis of the toxins identified in the venoms of the main classes of Cnidaria (Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa, Staurozoa and Anthozoa). We have attempted to consider most of the available information, including a summary of the most recent results from omics and biotechnological studies, with the aim to define the state of the art in the field and provide a background for future research. Keywords: venom; phospholipase; metalloproteinases; ion channels; transcriptomics; proteomics; biotechnological applications 1. -
Growth Rates of Porites Astreoides and Orbicella Franksi in Mesophotic Habitats Surrounding St
Growth rates of Porites astreoides and Orbicella franksi in mesophotic habitats surrounding St. Thomas Sarah H. Groves1,5,*, Daniel M. Holstein2, Ian C. Enochs3,4, Graham Kolodzeij3, Derek P. Manzello3, Marilyn E. Brandt5, Tyler B. Smith5 1. National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science Marine Spatial Ecology Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 101 Pivers Island Rd., Beaufort, NC 28516, USA 2. Duke University Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Rd., Beaufort, NC 28516 3.Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML), NOAA, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149, USA 4. Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149, USA 5. Center for Marine and Environmental Studies, University of the Virgin Islands, 2 John Brewer’s Bay, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands 00802, USA *Communicating author: [email protected] Keywords Mesophotic coral ecosystems, Sclerochronology, Refugia, Shelf edge reefs, Orbicella spp. Abstract Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) are deep (>30 m), light-dependent communities that are abundant in many parts of the global ocean. MCEs are potentially connected to shallow reefs via larval exchange and may act as refuges for reef organisms. However, MCE coral community recovery after disturbance, and thus, community resilience, are poorly understood components of their capacity as refuges. To assess the potential for disturbance and growth to drive community structure on MCEs with differential biophysical conditions and coral communities, we collected colonies of Orbicella franksi and Porites astreoides and used computerized tomography to quantify calcification. The divergence of coral growth rates in MCEs with different environmental conditions may be species specific; habitat-forming O. -
<I> Orbicella Annularis</I>
Bull Mar Sci. 95(2):289–304. 2019 coral reef paper https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2018.0064 Temporal stability of Orbicella annularis symbioses: a case study in The Bahamas 1 College of Life and Emma V Kennedy 1, 2 * Environmental Sciences, Linda Tonk 2, 3 University of Exeter, Stocker 4 Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK. Nicola L Foster 5 2 Global Change Institute, Peter J Mumby University of Queensland, St Jamie R Stevens 1 Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. 3 Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 77, 4400 AB ABSTRACT.—Orbicella annularis (Ellis and Solander, Yerseke, The Netherlands. 1786), a key reef building species, is unusual among 4 School of Biological and Marine Caribbean corals in the flexibility it displays in its symbioses Sciences, Plymouth University, with dinoflagellates in the family Symbiodiniaceae. This Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 variability has been documented at a range of spatial scales; 8AA, UK. from within and between colonies to scales spanning the 5 Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, entire species range. However, temporal variability in School of Biological Sciences, Symbiodiniaceae communities found within O. annularis University of Queensland, St colonies is not well understood. Evidence suggests that Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia. symbiont communities in this coral species fluctuate * Corresponding author email: temporally in response to environmental stressors (sporadic <[email protected]>. changes in abundance and in community composition). In this study, we investigated temporal stability of symbiont communities in O. annularis at four sites in The Bahamas over a period spanning 6 yrs. While the dominant symbiont species, Breviolum minutum (LaJeunesse et al.) J.E.Parkinson & LaJeunesse (formerly ITS2-type B1), remained stable across four patch-reef study sites, finer resolution molecular techniques revealed inter-annual variability in the presence/ absence of cryptic species Durusdinium trenchii (LaJeunesse) LaJeunesse (formerly ITS2-type D1a). -
Two Distinct Microbial Communities Revealed in the Sponge Cinachyrella Marie L
Florida International University FIU Digital Commons Department of Biological Sciences College of Arts, Sciences & Education 11-4-2014 Two distinct microbial communities revealed in the sponge Cinachyrella Marie L. Cuvelier Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University Emily Blake Nova Southeastern University Rebecca Mulheron Nova Southeastersn University Peter J. McCarthy Florida Atlantic University Patricia Blackwelder Nova Southeastern University; University of Miami See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/cas_bio Recommended Citation Cuvelier ML, Blake E, Mulheron R, McCarthy PJ, Blackwelder P, Vega Thurber RL and Lopez JV (2014) Two distinct microbial communities revealed in the sponge Cinachyrella. Front. Microbiol. 5:581. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00581 This article was submitted to Aquatic Microbiology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology. This work is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Arts, Sciences & Education at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Department of Biological Sciences by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Marie L. Cuvelier, Emily Blake, Rebecca Mulheron, Peter J. McCarthy, Patricia Blackwelder, Rebecca L. Vega Thurber, and Jose V. Lopez This article is available at FIU Digital Commons: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/cas_bio/104 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE published: 04 November 2014 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00581 Two distinct microbial communities revealed in the sponge Cinachyrella Marie L. Cuvelier 1*, Emily Blake 2, Rebecca Mulheron 2, Peter J. McCarthy 3, Patricia Blackwelder 2,4, Rebecca L. Vega Thurber 5 and Jose V. -
Cnidarian Species of Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary
CORAL CAP SPECIES OF FLOWER GARDEN BANKS NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY Classification Common name Scientific Name Cnidarians Anemones Pale Anemone Aiptasia pallida Giant Caribbean Anemone Condylactis gigantea Hidden Anemone Lebrunia coralligens Stinging/Branching Anemone Lebrunia danae HydroCorals Branching Fire Coral Millepora alcicornis Hydroids Feather Plume Hydroid Aglaophenia latecarinata Bimeria sp. Bougainvillia sp. Clytia cylindrica Clytia noliformis Gonothyraea gracilis Monostaechas sp. SeaThread Hydroid Obelia dichotoma Knotted Thread Hydroid Obelia geniculate Pennaria disticha Plumularia corrugata Plumularia diaphana Plumularia margaretta Branching Hydroid Sertularella speciosa Sertularia dalmasi Sertularia mayeri Thyroscyphus marginatus Zanclea costata Zygophylax convallarius Jellies Moon Jjelly Aurelia aurita Warty Sea Wasp Carybdaea marsupialis Sea Nettle Chrysaora quinquicirrha Stony Corals Elkhorn Coral Acropora palmata Lettuce Coral Agaricia agaricites Fragile Saucer Coral Agaricia fragilis Ornate Cup Coral Coenocyathus sp. Colpophyllia amaranthus Boulder Brain Coral Colpophyllia natans Eusmilia sp. Hat Coral, Sunray Lettuce Coral Helioseris cucullata Ten-ray Star Coral Madracis decactis Yellow Pencil Coral Madracis auretenra (mirabilis) Great Star Coral Montastraea cavernosa CORAL CAP SPECIES OF FLOWER GARDEN BANKS NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY Classification Common name Scientific Name Spiny Flower Coral Mussa angulosa Diffuse Ivory Coral Oculina diffusa Lobed Star Coral Orbicella annularis Mountainous Star Coral Orbicella -
Boulder Star Coral & Mountainous Star Coral Orbicella Annularis
Boulder star coral & Mountainous star coral Orbicella annularis & Orbicella faveolata Venezuela Compiler: Ana Yranzo Duque Contributors: Estrella Villamizar, Ana Teresa Herrera, Jeannette Pérez, Hazael Boadas, Carlos Pereira, Gregorio Rodríguez, Samuel Narciso, Freddy Bustillos, Francoise Cavada-Blanco Suggested citation: Yranzo, A. et al (2019). A survival blueprint for the Boulder star coral, Orbicella annularis and the Mountainous star coral, Orbicella faveolata, an output from the Institute of Tropical Ecology and Zoology, Venezuela and EDGE of Existence fellowship, Zoological Society of London, London, UK. 1. STATUS REVIEW 1.1 Taxonomy: The genus Orbicella was classified before as Montastraea and three species within the genus, Orbicella annularis, Orbicella faveolata and Orbicella franksi were classified as the Montastraea annularis complex until 1994 (Weil & Knowlton, 1994). This fact makes temporal comparisons for each species difficult. The genus changed to Orbicella in 2012 after Budd et al. (2012). Currently, taxonomy is as follows: Class: Anthozoa; Subclass: Hexacorallia; Order: Scleractinia; Family: Merulinidae; Genus: Orbicella; Species: Orbicella annularis and Orbicella faveolata; species name author: Ellis & Solander, 1786; common names: boulder star coral and mountainous star coral, taxonomic sources: Ellis, J.; Solander, D. (1786); Hoeksema, B. W.; Cairns, S. (2019). 1.2 Distribution and population status: Orbicella annularis and O. faveolata are distributed throughout over 30 countries in the Caribbean, Southern Florida, Bahamas, Bermuda and the Gulf of Mexico. After the decline of Acropora palmata species in the in the early 1980s (Aronson and Precht, 2001), Orbicella has been considered the most important genus of shallow reef building corals in the Caribbean region. Nevertheless, their populations have been suffering a drastic decline caused by bleaching events, disease episodes and negative impacts caused by anthropic activities.