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Comparative Study on the Characteristics of College Students’ Physical Fitness Between Li and Dai College Students in Two Tropic Zones

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Comparative Study on the Characteristics of College Students’ Physical Fitness Between Li and Dai College Students in Two Tropic Zones 2017 3rd International Conference on Management Science and Innovative Education (MSIE 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-488-2 Comparative Study on the Characteristics of College Students’ Physical Fitness between Li and Dai College Students in Two Tropic Zones YINAN MA, FUSONG HU and YIMEI DUAN ABSTRACT Object: explore the differences of physique characteristics between Dai college students in Xishuangbanna tropic zone and Li college students in Five Finger Mountain tropic zone, which may provide theoretical reference for improvement of physical fitness of different ethnic college students. Method: physical fitness index was tested on the basis of the latest revision of national student physical health standard in 2014, and physical fitness test data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software. Results: there are no significant differences of physical characteristics and nutritional condition between Li and Dai college students (P ＞ 0.05), and no significant differences of speed quality and lumbar abdomen power (P ＞ 0.05), but the cardiopulmonary level and endurance quality of Li college students are higher than Dai college students (male: P<0.01; female: P<0.05). Conclusion: two tropic zones have similar geographical environment, social economic production and dietary habits, so there are no significant differences of physical characteristics and nutritional condition of body between Li and Dai college students. Compared with Li college students, Dai college students live and study in high altitude area which affected by low supply of oxygen, and this may cause the oxygen uptake and cardiopulmonary function level of Li college students are higher than Dai college students. Bamboo dancing of Li nationality runs through the whole process of teaching, so male Li college students’ long-term training of beating bamboo posts with sticks lead to great upper body strength, and the bamboo dancing also lead to good flexibility and jumping ability of Li college students. KEYWORDS Tropic Zones, Li and Dai college students, physique characteristics, morphology and function. INTRODUCTION In the previous studies of physique on minority students, the differences between physical fitness groups among students always attributed to the management of physical education, physical education, the quality of sports teaching, nutrition level and so on. Since 1979, the government pays more attention to health education and nutrition _________________________________________ Yinan Ma, College of Physical Education, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China. Fusong Hu, College of Physicial Education, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya 572200, China. Yimei Duan, College of Physical Education, Dali University, Dali 671003, China. 217 education for young students of all ethnic groups. Since 1983, five investigations have been conducted on the physical fitness of students in all schools and ethnic groups; school physical education and regulations on school health work was promulgated by State Education Commission regulations in 1990; State General Administration of sport promulgated the “student physical fitness standards” in 2002. In 2014, Ministry of Education issued the latest revised National Physical Fitness Standard for students. The educational administration departments organized the evaluation of school sports work regulations and school health work regulations for various schools, which greatly improved the physical education and hygiene education conditions in various schools. In the recent 30 years, all kinds of schools have formed a basic scientific consensus in sports teaching conditions and teaching requirements, especially for students' physical education and exercise methods. According to the standards of Students' Physical Fitness, educators are required to explore ways and means to strengthen students' physical fitness based on the characteristics of students of all ethnic groups [1]. All colleges and universities carry out the “two courses, two exercises and one event” sports education system, and improve health and nutrition management system for students, canteens recipes have achieved balanced dietary goals. Under the background of unified standardization of physical education, nutrition and health education, this research have been choose Dai college students who live in Xishuangbanna tropic zone and Li college students who live in Five Finger Mountain tropic zone, and explore the differences of physique characteristics between them, explore the different regional ethnic cluster ecological environment, production and living customs, national traditional sports culture on the status of the national physical factors, which may provide the scientific theory reference for improve the national students' physique health level. MATERIALS AND METHODS General data Natural and social environmental factors of Xishuangbanna tropical rain forest area which may influence the characteristics of the Dai nationality (1) There are one million and two hundred and six thousand people of Dai nationality living in Yunnan Province, and 300 thousand live in Jinghong, Menghai, Mengla which belongs to tropical rainforest in Xishuangbanna. The geographical location of the Dai Autonomous Prefecture of Xishuangbanna: north latitude is 21°08′ ～22°36′, longitude is 99°56′～101°50′, it’s in the south of the tropic of cancer and a tropical climate zone. The geomorphic features are low latitude valley and plateau basin, altitude is between 580～1500m; annual sunshine number is 2000 (H), relative humidity (%) is 82 to 85%; annual precipitation is 1200~1900 (mm); annual temperature is 21.9; and no winter. (2) The Dai nationality live in tropical rainforest which belongs to Xishuangbanna, most of them live together at an elevation of 580~1300 m valley hills. The economic production activities of Dai people are planting crops, forestry, fishing, planting tea, tropical fruits and vegetables, domestic poultry, buffalo, pig, agriculture, forestry, fisheries and by-products [2]. 218 (3) Traditional sports of Dai people always highlight water culture characteristics, and reflect the national temperament, gentle expression, worship water such as swimming, racing, dance, etc., there is no physical confrontation [3]. Natural and social environmental factors of Wuzhi Mountain tropical rain forest area which may influence the characteristics of the Li nationality (1) There are one million and one hundred thousand Li people living in Hainan, and 500 thousand living in Wuzhi Mountain, Baoting, Baisha, Ledong, Qiong Zhong. Geographic position of Wuzhi Mountain: north latitude is 18 degrees and longitude about 110 degrees, a tropical humid area, with elevations ranging from 380 to 1800m. The annual sunshine number is 2000 (H), the relative humidity (%) is 82 to 85%; the annual precipitation is 1800~1900 (mm); the temperature is 21.9 degrees Celsius; the temperature is 25 degrees Celsius; the summer is 21.9 degree centigrade, and winter is 17 degrees centigrade. (2) The Li nationality live in tropical rain forest which belongs to Wuzhi mountain, and the altitudes below 580m. The economic activities of Li are similar to Dai, such as cultivation of crops and forestry, fishing and hunting, sideline planting tea, tropical fruits and vegetables, farming cattle, poultry and bees, forestry, fishery products and trade in goods [5]. (3) Traditional sports of Li nationality include strength, endurance and jumping competition. The main items are jumping bamboo pole, kicking hill, climbing, pulling turtle and sticking wooden sticks, etc. All males and females, young and old people like dancing bamboo pole, and everyone can dance bamboo pole dance. Jumping bamboo pole movement is widely popularized in all kinds of school sports activities in Hainan. It has become a compulsory national traditional sport for students. Research subjects This research selected 243 Dai college students from Dali University whose homeplace is Xishuangbanna, male: 123, female: 120, aged between 18~20 years old. 245 Li college students from Hainan Tropical Ocean University whose homepeace is Wuzhi Mountain Rain Forest, male:124, female: 121, aged between 18~20 years old. Research method LITERATURE STUDY The research is consulted college Students' physical study, and citing references for evidence through CNKI, Chinese Journal Full-text Database, guidance document of Chinese government on students' physical health and nutrition. PHYSICAL FITNESS INDEX TEST Physical fitness test using State Sports General Administration of intelligent recommendation (automatic test), and “revised national student’s health standard (2014)”. All the test data are sent into the computer by the special software. (1) Body shape function index: height(cm), weight(kg), vital capacity (mL). 219 TABLE 1. PHYSICAL INDEX BETWEEN LI AND DAI COLLEGE STUDENTS（ x ±S）. Dai(male) n=123 Li(male) n=124 Dai (female) n=120 Li(female) n=121 Physical Index ±S ±S ±S ±S 1. Height[Cm] 169.73±8.17 169.70±5.10 159.30±5.67 157.99±4.85 2. Weight[Kg] 58.39±9.80 58.39±9.27 48.90±6.50 47.45±6.18 3. Vital Capacity [Ml] 2877.39±920 3263.98±622.19 2194.96±469.24 2251.29±503.80 4. Quetelet Index 342.97±46.23 343.83±51.47 307.52±38.28 300.18±36.55 5. Vital Capacity[Ml] 49.91±7.22 56.49±10.66 45.39±8.14 47.50±7.78 /Weight [Kg] 6. 50m[S] 7.67±0.82 7.54±0.71 9.37 ±0.72 9.22±0.69 7 Chinup[/Min] 5.83±3.84 7.07±4.38 8. Sit-Ups [/ Min] 31.57±7.83 30.41±6.54 9. Sit-And-Reach 9.91±5.34 13.49±6.59 12.49±6.29 17.92±4.88 [Cm] 10. Long Jump[Cm] 220.51±34.15 229.88±22.55 176.69±28.22 176.00±16.82 11. 1000[S](Male) 286.63±53.64 272.21±25.34 263.29±29.41 256.27±21.80 800[S](Female) (2) Derived index of body shape function: weight (kg) /height (cm) ×1000, vital capacity (mL) /weight (kg). (3) Physical fitness index: 50m (s), chin-up (male), abdominal curl (female), sit- and-reach (cm), long jump (cm), 1000m (s) (male), 800m (s) (female). METHOD OF EXPERIMENT AND MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS. SPSS17.0 software is used for T test, and statistical results are expressed by ±S, no significant difference is expressed by P<0.05; significant difference, P＜0.05; extremely significant difference, P＜0.01.
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