DOCSLIB.ORG

Managing Cancer Pain

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Managing Cancer Pain Not every cancer patient has To schedule an appointment, Managing cancer-related pain, but many call: 763-537-6000 Cancer Pain do, particularly in cases where cancer has spread or recurred. Cancer pain can take many Edina Clinic 7400 France Avenue South Edina, MN 55435 forms, from dull and achy to Phone: 763-537-6000 sharp or burning, and can range Clinic #100 from mild to severe, varying from Physical Therapy #100 person to person. Behavioral Health #107 Surgical Center #102 Cancer patients should tell their care team if they are feeling Coon Rapids Clinic severe, unusual or persistent 2104 Northdale Blvd NW Coon Rapids, MN 55433 pain. Because pain can actually Phone: 763-537-6000 interfere with the effectiveness Clinic #220 of cancer treatment, it is Physical Therapy #220 Behavioral Health #220 important that the care team know about any pain a patient Business Office may be experiencing. Appointments, Scheduling, Preauthorization & Billing 2104 Northdale Blvd NW Suite 220 Coon Rapids, MN 55433 Phone: 763-537-6000 763-537-6000 nuraclinics.com ©2020 Nura PA. All rights reserved. Causes of Cancer Pain Cancer may cause pain by applying pressure to or destroying biological structures such as nerves, organs and bones. Cancer can spread from its original site (primary tumor) and travel to other parts of the body (metastasis), causing injury and pain at these sites as well. Pain may also result from cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation, which can damage nerves and cause nerve pain in the arms and legs. Patients recovering from cancer surgery frequently experience acute postoperative pain as surgical wounds heal. Aggressive surgery may Treating Cancer Pain Treatment options include: cause more painful damage; this pain may resolve • Peripheral Nerve Block Although cancer-related pain cannot always be with healing or it may become chronic. relieved completely, a comprehensive plan can • Celiac Plexus Block Common pain problems associated with cancer reduce pain for nearly all people with cancer, • Lumbar Sympathetic Block and cancer treatment include: relieving symptoms and improving quality of life. • Hypogastric Plexus Block • Peripheral neuropathy — numbness and In many cases, cancer pain can be adequately • Neurostimulation systems to treat painful sensations in the feet, legs, fingers, treated with standard pain medications, which nerve pain hands and arms from chemotherapy may include opioids. However, side effects — • Pain Pump for Targeted Spinal • Post-radiation nerve pain including nausea, fatigue, mental fogginess and Drug Delivery • Nerve pain from spinal metastasis the inability to think clearly — may limit the In addition, since patients with cancer often • Bone and joint pain effectiveness of pain medication in some patients. experience emotional suffering as they battle • Spinal pain from vertebral fractures At Nura, we diagnose and treat the physical the disease, we have specialized psychologists • Abdominal and pelvic pain from side of cancer pain with thorough evaluation on staff to help with the emotional toll that a abdominal cancers and precise, minimally invasive procedures. cancer diagnosis can take. • Persistent pain after cancer surgery If pain persists despite treatment, we utilize Our experience has shown that most cancer advanced neuromodulation techniques pain can be managed with conservative including trials and implants of neurostimulation treatment, but when pain persists, the most systems and targeted drug delivery pain pumps advanced treatment options are available for the most severe cases. These pain control within our clinic. As a national center of options may serve as alternatives to higher excellence for implantable pain control, Nura is doses of pain medications. ready to help with even the most challenging cases of cancer pain. To schedule an appointment, call 763-537-6000. We will coordinate with your oncologist to ensure you have the best care..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pain Medication Utilization Among Cancer Survivors: Findings from Medical Expenditure Panel Survey
    Pain Medication Utilization Among Cancer Survivors: Findings From Medical Expenditure Panel Survey A dissertation submitted to the University of Cincinnati Graduate School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Health Outcomes of James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy by Amarsinh Desai, Bachelors of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka, India, 2007 Masters of Science, Long Island University, New York, US, 2010 Committee Members Pamela C. Heaton, PhD, Chair Christina M.L. Kelton, PhD Jill M. Boone, Pharm D Teresa M. Cavanaugh, Pharm D, MS, BCPS Alex C. Lin, PhD ABSTRACT Background: Cancer pain, either tumor-related or treatment-related, is common among cancer survivors. The objectives of this study were to 1) report recent trends in the pharmaceutical treatment of pain and HRQoL among cancer survivors; 2) to understand better the reasons for and the effects of pharmaceutical treatment of pain and 3) to assess relationship between pain medication use and workers’ productivity. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study using a nationally representative survey database. Cancer survivors, excluding survivors of non-melanoma skin cancer, were identified using survey questions and clinical classification codes. Utilization, cost and payer cost shares were obtained for following class of drugs such as non-opioids, opioids, narcotic analgesic combinations and adjuvants annually from 2008 to 2013. The demographic, geographical, clinical and economic predictor variables were regressed to assess their association with the total number of pain/opioid prescriptions. Productivity measures obtained from SF-12 and CSAQ were assessed for their association with pain/opioid medications use.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Pregabalin in Neuropathic Pain Management in Cancer Patients
    Review article Piotr Jakubów1–4 , Urszula Kościuczuk1, 4, Juliusz Kosel1, 4, Piotr Soroko1, 5, Julia Kondracka1, 6, Mariola Tałałaj2 1Pain Management Unit “Vitamed”, Białystok, Poland 2Children and Adolescents Department od Anaesthesia and Intesive Care and Pain Therapy Unit, Białystok, Poland 3Department of Palliative Medicine, Medical University of Białystok 4Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland 5Cardiology Department of the MSWiA (the Ministry of the Interior and Administration), Białystok, Poland 6Medical University of Gdańsk, Fourth-year Student of the Medical Faculty, Gdańsk, Poland The role of pregabalin in neuropathic pain management in cancer patients Abstract Despite the wide availability of analgesics for prescription in cancer pain, including both opioid and non-opi- oid medications, population studies have for many years demonstrated unadvisable pain management. International analyses indicate inadequate use of opioid and adjuvant drugs per capita. At the same time, patients complain about the accompanying pain, not treated effectively, especially in the course of cancer. One of the many causes of cancer pain that is difficult to treat is the co-occurrence of neuropathic pain. The article presents contemporary views on the treatment of neuropathic pain associated with cancer, including the site of application of gabapentinoids in the treatment scheme. Palliat Med Pract 2020; 14, 3: 175–182 Key words: cancer pain, neuropathic pain, pharmacotherapy, gabapentinoids, gabapentin, pregabalin Introduction is based on the anamnesis, physical examination and symptoms, particularly sensory disturbances [1, Despite the wide availability of analgesics for pain 8, 9]. The criteria allowing to determine a degree of management in cancer patients, including opioids and certainty for neuropathic pain diagnosis [10, 11] were non-opioid analgesics, the results of population stud- defined.
    [Show full text]
  • RADIATION ONCOLOGY TRAINING PROGRAM CURRICULUM Page 2 © 2012 RANZCR
    The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists® RADIATION ONCOLOGY TRAINING PROGRAM CURRICULUM Page 2 © 2012 RANZCR. Radiation Oncology Training Program Curriculum Foreward by the Chief Censor incorporates direct clinical management of patients of CURRICULUM all ages, with a uniquely effective treatment modality. INTRODUCTION With the discovery of X-rays in the late 19th century and It is a specialty that will allow you to have meaningful the study of radioactivity by Marie Curie and colleagues interactions with patients and their families, and to be in the early 1900s, came a new era in medicine. The a key player in their overall care. realisation that some types of radiation (X-rays, electrons and gamma rays from radioactive materials) destroy Again, welcome. malignant cells, infinitely expanded our capacity to treat cancer. Over the last 100 years, the full potential of radiation in curing many cancer patients, and relieving distressing symptoms (palliation) for others, has unfolded. This stream of medicine has grown into the modern A/Prof. Sandra Turner specialty of Radiation Oncology. Chief Censor Radiation Oncology Clinicians who specialise in Radiation Oncology play an integral role in the complex multidisciplinary team management of cancer patients. Their practice is strongly underpinned by a detailed knowledge of the biological effects and physics of radiation, of pathology and anatomy as they relate to cancer and its control, and of the application of sophisticated imaging and treatment technologies. Paramount is an extensive understanding of all clinical aspects of cancer management. Radiation Oncologists are trained to be competent beyond their role as clinical and technical experts.
    [Show full text]
  • Treatment of Chronic Pain in Oncology: Cooperation Between the Oncologist and Psychooncologist
    REVIEW ARTICLE Dariusz Pysz-Waberski1, Weronika Bulska-Będkowska2, Ewa Wachuła3 1Clinical Oncology Department, University Clinical Centre in Katowice, Poland 2Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases and Oncology Chemotherapy, Faculty of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland 3Oncology Clinic, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland Treatment of chronic pain in oncology: cooperation between the oncologist and psychooncologist Address for correspondence: ABSTRACT Lek. Ewa Wachuła The aim of this work is to present the problem of chronic pain in neoplastic disease as a situation requiring dia­ Klinika Onkologii, Wydział Lekarski gnosis and interdisciplinary treatment. The phenomenon of chronic pain, its types, and causes are discussed. z Oddziałem Lekarsko-Dentystycznym A discussion was held on appropriate scales for measuring pain intensity. Pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy w Zabrzu were primarily presented among the discussed treatment methods, and issues related to other methods of inter­ Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach actions related to the treatment of patients with chronic pain in the course of neoplastic disease were discussed. e-mail: [email protected] The key aspect of the article is to draw attention to the implementation of multi­specialist treatment of chronic pain, including personalised solutions and the accommodation of the most favourable form of therapy and the Oncology in Clinical Practice 2019, Vol. 15, No. 4, 208–216 methods of its implementation. DOI: 10.5603/OCP.2019.0027 Key words: chronic pain, pain treatment, pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, oncology, psychooncology Translation: dr n. med. Dariusz Stencel Copyright © 2019 Via Medica Oncol Clin Pract 2019; 15, 4: 208–216 ISSN 2450–1654 Introduction of Pain (IAPS) and the World Health Organisation (WHO), pain is “an unpleasant sensory and emotional The incidence of cancer is constantly growing both sensation caused by actual or potential tissue dam- in the world and in Poland.
    [Show full text]
  • General Principles of Cancer Pain Management
    Opinion Article Journal of Volume 10:2,2021 Integrative Oncology ISSN: 2329-6771 Open Access General principles of cancer pain management 1,2,3,4* Evangelia Michail Michailidou 1Consultant Anesthesiologist-Intensivist, Intensive Medicine Department, Hippokration General Hospital, Greece 2Masters Degree, International Medicine-Health Crisis Management, Greece 3Member of Health Response team to Crisis Situations of G.H.T.Hippokration 4Medical doctor volunteer (pain management) at Doctors of the World Greece Cancer pain is due either to the disease itself or to the treatment given to the The causes of cancer pain: patient (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy). Cancer causes pain The frequency of cancer pain depends on the focus and stage of the disease. either by infiltrating or pressing on organs, bones, nerve elements or other Bone, pancreas and esophageal new treatments have the highest incidence structures of the body as it spreads. of pain (>83%). They are followed by cancer of the lung, stomach, bile, prostate, ovaries, uterus and breast (73-81%). Less often (61-70%) cancers of the mouth, intestine, kidney, bladder and brain show painful symptoms. At the same time, chemotherapy is blamed for peripheral neuropathy and Finally, in 49-63% of lymphomas, leukemias and soft tissue sarcomas, muscle pain, radiotherapy for osteonecrosis, myelopathy, neuropathy, nerve cancer pain occurs. plexus and metastatic fibrosis, and immunotherapy for muscle and joint pain. 30% of cancer patients suffer from pain during the diagnosis phase and 63- Causes of cancer pain are the disease itself (60-70%), the treatments 84% experience severe pain in more advanced stages of the disease. of the disease (20%), causes directly or indirectly related to the disease and According to Cleeland et al., 69% of outpatients treated for their disease its treatments (10%) as well as causes unrelated to the disease and its her have outpatient pain resulting in moderate to poor quality of life and limited treatments (10%) activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Approaches to Cancer Pain Management
    © 2021 JETIR August 2021, Volume 8, Issue 8 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) APPROACHES TO CANCER PAIN MANAGEMENT 1 Ms. Mangayarkarasi D* 1 Senior Nursing Officer, All India Institute of Nursing Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India ABSTRACT Pain is a subjective experience and the perception of pain differs from individual to individual. Each and every individual experience some kind of pain in their life span. Pain is an unpleasant emotional experience usually initiated by noxious stimulus and transmitted over a specialized neural network to CNS where it is interpreted as such. Pain can be effectively controlled or managed by using advanced medical technology. Pain management is a multidisciplinary approach so nurse has to collaborate with other health care team members and also maintain good communication with team members for better quality patient care. Pain control can be achieved adequately by comprehensive assessment of pain and it helps in planning of best treatment for pain. All the health care providers should advance knowledge and skill of pain management to control pain, provide comfort and to improve quality of life. Nurses play an important role in pain management because nurses are in primary contact with the patient and family for 24/7. Nurses can use effective therapeutic communication techniques such as empathy, genuineness, warmth to gain confidentiality of patient and family members to identity difficulties in all the dimensions (physical, psychological, social and spiritual dimension) and to treat total pain. KEY WORDS Approach, Cancer, Pain, Management I. INTRODUCTION ‘Freedom from pain is a human right’ – WHO, 1986 Pain is a subjective experience and the perception of pain differs from individual to individual.
    [Show full text]
  • CANCER PAIN: • I Am Not Making a Ton of Money (Or Any Money, Actually) Through a Relationship with a Pharmaceutical Or Device PRINCIPLES and PRACTICE Company
    11/6/2019 DISCLOSURE CANCER PAIN: • I am not making a ton of money (or any money, actually) through a relationship with a pharmaceutical or device PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE company. Kerstin Lappen, MS, ACNS, ACHPN Allina Health, Abbott Northwestern Hospital November 6, 2019 OBJECTIVES Supportive Care in the Oncology Patient • List pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions for pain management in patients with cancer. • Identify different types of pain commonly seen in cancer and appropriate Spiritual interventions. Journeying Maslow’s Hierarchy • Identify criteria for eligibility for medical cannabis for patients with cancer. Psychological Modified by Laurel Herbst, MD & Social Issues Information Physical symptoms Why is pain undertreated? The Meaning of Pain to the Patient Clinician Factors • Current climate—opioid epidemic, overdoses, diversion, fear of • Worsening disease being sued or board complaints • Fear—may have witnessed others in unrelieved, agonizing pain. • Decreasing functional status • Lack of training beyond the basics • Fear of loss of control and loss of independence • Lack of time it takes to do a full assessment • Punishment • Provider and patient discrepancy in judging the severity of the pain • Unrelieved pain can lead to hopelessness, depression and increased risk of • Fear of causing respiratory depression suicide in uncontrolled pain • Fear of causing addiction • Relief of pain often “cures” perceived behavioral disorders: • “It took 18 years and a terminal illness for me to finally get good pain control.”
    [Show full text]
  • Asiedu-Ofei Akua Afriyie.Pdf
    CANCER PAIN ASSESSMENT, MANAGEMENT AND EFFECT ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS AT A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN GHANA A THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN PHARMACOLOGY in the Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Health Sciences by AKUA AFRIYIE ASIEDU-OFEI KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, KUMASI JUNE , 2019 DECLARATION I declare that I am the sole author of this thesis, and that this work has not been submitted for any other degree anywhere. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I accept that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ………………………….. ………………………….. Akua Afriyie Asiedu-Ofei Date (PG2355414) Certified by: ………………………….. ………………………….. Prof. Eric Woode Date (Principal Supervisor) Certified by: ………………………….. ………………………….. Prof. Dr. David Darko Obiri Date (Head of Department) ii ABSTRACT Background: Despite extensive technological advancements in medicine in recent years, cancer still remains poorly managed resulting in pain and affecting adversely the quality of life (QoL) of patients. Additionally, evidence suggests that effective cancer pain management is largely inadequate in low and middle income countries such as Ghana. Aim: This study seeks to assess the severity and management of cancer pain at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi, Ghana. Methods: Using a structured questionnaire, the socio-demographic data, clinical characteristics, and drug history of 204 consenting ambulatory oncology patients, aged 18 years or older, attending clinic at the Oncology Directorate, KATH were obtained from medical folders and the Hospital Administration Management System (HAMS) from January – December, 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019, Vol. 15, Number 4, 195–236
    Oncology in Clinical Practice 2019, Vol. 15, Number 4, 195–236 Oncology in Clinical Practice 2019, Vol. 2019, Vol. 15, Number 4 ISSN 2450–1654 Ewa Klank-Sokołowska, Mariola Kucharewicz, Marek Z. Wojtukiewicz Cabozantinib in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients Ewa Wrona, Piotr Potemski A novel immunotherapy — the history of CAR T-cell therapy Dariusz Pysz-Waberski, Weronika Bulska-Będkowska, Ewa Wachuła Treatment of chronic pain in oncology: cooperation between the oncologist and psychooncologist Kamila Patrycja Kidrycka, Justyna Burzyńska-Śliwowska, Rafał Maksim, Andrzej Namiot, Marek Z. Wojtukiewicz, Ewa Sierko Angiosarcoma — a malignant neoplasm secondary to radiotherapy for breast cancer in a female patient following breast-conserving treatment — a case report Marcin J. Napierała, Anna M. Czarnecka Mucosal melanoma — clinical presentation and treatment based on a case series Katarzyna Kryszczyszyn-Musialik, Grzegorz Słomian, Krzysztof Musialik Hodgkin’s lymphoma with multifocal Staphylococcus aureus infection in a 29-year-old male — a case study ONCOLOGY IN CLINICAL PRACTICE Official Journal of the Polish Society of Clinical Oncology https://journals.viamedica.pl/oncology_in_clinical_practice Editor-in-Chief dr med. Aleksandra Łacko prof. dr hab. med. Maciej Krzakowski prof. Ruggero De Maria (Rome, Italy) dr hab. med. Radosław Mądry Deputy Editors dr med. Janusz Meder prof. dr hab. med. Andrzej Kawecki dr hab. med. Sergiusz Nawrocki prof. dr hab. med. Piotr Potemski prof. dr hab. med. Włodzimierz Olszewski prof. dr hab. med. Piotr Rutkowski prof. dr hab. med. Maria Podolak-Dawidziak prof. dr hab. med. Krzysztof Składowski dr med. Barbara Radecka prof. dr hab. med. Piotr Wysocki prof. dr hab. med. Tadeusz Robak prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Support for People with Cancer: Pain Control
    Support for People with Cancer Cancer Pain Control U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health For more information . This booklet is only one of many free booklets for people with cancer. Here are some others you and your loved ones may find useful: • Chemotherapy and You • Coping With Advanced Cancer • Eating Hints for Cancer Patients • If You Have Cancer: What You Should Know About Clinical Trials • Radiation Therapy and You • Taking Time • Thinking About Complementary and Alternative Medicine • When Cancer Returns • When Someone You Love Is Being Treated for Cancer • When Someone You Love Has Advanced Cancer • When Your Parent Has Cancer These free booklets are available from the National Cancer Institute (NCI). To order or download, call 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237) or visit www.cancer.gov. (See page 35 of this booklet for more resources.) For information about your specific type of cancer, see NCI’s Physican Data Query (PDQ®) database at http://www.cancer.gov. Cancer Pain Control Cancer pain can be managed. Having cancer doesn’t mean that you’ll have pain. But if you do, you can manage most of your pain with medicine and other treatments. This booklet will show you how to work with your doctors, nurses, and others to find the best way to control your pain. It will discuss causes of pain, medicines, how to talk to your doctor, and other topics that may help you. As a team, you and your doctor can work together to find the best pain control plan for you.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of the Relationships Between Perceived Pain, Social Support, Coping and Quality of Life in Patients with Advanced Cancer by Shelagh Wright, BA (Mod), RGN, RM
    A Study of the Relationships between Perceived Pain, Social Support, Coping and Quality of Life in Patients with Advanced Cancer by Shelagh Wright, BA (Mod), RGN, RM. Thesis submitted to National University of Ireland for the Degree of Ph.D. Director of Research: Professor Martin McHugh Supervisor: Mr. James McLoone The Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway. September, 1999 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS page xiii ABSTRACT page XV FOREWORD page xvi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION page 1 Psychological reactions to the diagnosis of cancer page 1 The experience of cancer pain page 2 Fundamentals of palliative care page 3 Recognising and alleviating psychological distress in patients with cancer page 6 Social support page 10 Summary page 12 CHAPTER 2: PAIN AND THE PERCEPTION OF PAIN IN THE CONTEXT OF CANCER page 13 The extent of the problem page 13 The experience of pain page 17 Theories of pain page 23 The physiology of pain page 26 Cancer pain page 28 Pain syndromes associated with cancer therapy page 33 Metastatic bone disease: causation and treatment page 33 The use of analgesia for the relief of cancer pain page 35 The psychobiology of pain page 39 The effects of cancer pain page 41 Cancer pain in the elderly page 46 Summary page 47 i QoL and sense of control page 130 The measurement of quality of life page 131 Social support and quality of life page 137 QoL and terminal care page 138 Applying QoL issues to caregivers page 141 Summary page 142 CHAPTER 6: LIFESPAN, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND CANCER page 144 Stages
    [Show full text]
  • Patient Resource
    PATIENT RESOURCE Fourth Edition one FREE take T Lung Cancer A TREATMENT GUIDE FOR PATIENTS AND THEIR FAMILIES CONTENT REVIEWED BY A DISTINGUISHED This content is selected and controlled by MEDICAL ADVISORY BOARD Patient Resource LLC and is funded by Lilly USA, LLC. PRP PATIENT RESOURCE PUBLISHING® PATIENT RESOURCE PATIENT RESOURCE one take one FREE FREE take ORDER TCancer Third Edition ADDITIONAL Advanced SurvivorshipA GUIDE FOR PATIENTS AND THEIR FAMILIES TProstate Cancer GUIDES A TREATMENT GUIDE FOR PATIENTS AND THEIR FAMILIES CONTENT REVIEWED CONTENT REVIEWED BY A DISTINGUISHED BY A DISTINGUISHED MEDICAL ADVISORY BOARD MEDICAL ADVISORY BOARD ® FREE PRP PATIENT RESOURCE PUBLISHING® PRP PATIENT RESOURCE PUBLISHING Summer 2014 Eighth Edition the PATIENT RESOURCE KAREEM ABDUL-JABBAR survivor one interview take take FREE PATIENT RESOURCE PATIENT RESOURCE one take take one take FREE BRITTANY FREE DANIEL survivor interview Third Edition TFinancial T Leukemia,Fifth Edition Considerations Lymphoma for Patients & Multiple Myeloma TCancer2014 Guide A TREATMENT AND FACILITIES GUIDE FOR PATIENTS CONTENT REVIEWED CONTENT REVIEWED AND THEIR FAMILIES BY A DISTINGUISHED BY A DISTINGUISHED CONTENT REVIEWED This content is selected and controlled by MEDICAL ADVISORY BOARD BY A DISTINGUISHED Patient Resource LLC and is funded by Lilly USA, LLC. flip book over MEDICAL ADVISORY BOARD to learn about: MEDICAL ADVISORY BOARD PRP PATIENT RESOURCE PUBLISHING® Understanding Clinical Trials PRP PATIENT RESOURCE PUBLISHING® ISSN 2152-0577 flip book over ® to learn
    [Show full text]