DOCSLIB.ORG

Linux Routers and Community Networks

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Linux Routers and Community Networks Summer Course at Mekelle Institute of Technology. July, 2015. Linux Routers and Community Networks Llorenç Cerdà-Alabern http://personals.ac.upc.edu/llorenc [email protected] Universitat Politènica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain Revision: 0e36644 (2015-07-09) Llorenç Cerdà-Alabern Linux Routers and Community Networks 1 / 191 Summer Course at Mekelle Institute of Technology. Linux Routers and Community Networks Lab 2: RIP and OSPF Description IOS fundamentals Parts Quagga set up I Introduction Basic commands II Lab 1: Basic Network Configuration RIP review III Lab 2: RIP and OSPF RIP configuration IV Lab 3: Firewall configuration RIP Lab setup V Lab 4: Community Networks OSPF review VI Lab 5: Network Management OSPF configuration OSPF Lab setup Llorenç Cerdà-Alabern Linux Routers and Community Networks 64 / 191 Summer Course at Mekelle Institute of Technology. Linux Routers and Community Networks Lab 2: RIP and OSPF Part III Description IOS fundamentals Lab 2: RIP and OSPF Quagga set up Basic commands Outline RIP review RIP Description RIP configuration configuration RIP Lab setup IOS fundamentals RIP Lab setup OSPF review Quagga set up OSPF OSPF review configuration OSPF Lab Basic commands OSPF configuration setup RIP review OSPF Lab setup Llorenç Cerdà-Alabern Linux Routers and Community Networks 65 / 191 Lab 2: RIP and OSPF Description Lab 2: RIP and OSPF Description IOS fundamentals Objectives Quagga set up • Quagga is an open source routing software package that Basic commands provides routing protocols support such as RIP,OSPF,IS-IS and RIP review BGP. RIP • Quagga is a brach of the original project called zebra. configuration RIP Lab setup • Quagga provides a Cisco IOS-like interface. OSPF review • In this lab we will review RIP and OSPF using Quagga. OSPF configuration OSPF Lab setup Llorenç Cerdà-Alabern Linux Routers and Community Networks 66 / 191 Summer Course at Mekelle Institute of Technology. Linux Routers and Community Networks Lab 2: RIP and OSPF Part III Description IOS fundamentals Lab 2: RIP and OSPF Quagga set up Basic commands Outline RIP review RIP Description RIP configuration configuration RIP Lab setup IOS fundamentals RIP Lab setup OSPF review Quagga set up OSPF OSPF review configuration OSPF Lab Basic commands OSPF configuration setup RIP review OSPF Lab setup Llorenç Cerdà-Alabern Linux Routers and Community Networks 67 / 191 Lab 2: RIP and OSPF IOS fundamentals Lab 2: RIP and OSPF Configuration modes Description IOS fundamentals Quagga set up • Two modes: Basic • exec: allows inspecting the router, e.g. show commands. commands • configuration: allows editing the router configuration. RIP review RIP • In confguration modes you edit the running-config. configuration • To delete commands from running config: preceded by no. RIP Lab setup • The prompt indicates the mode, e.g. >, #, #(config-if), etc. OSPF review • Case insensitive. OSPF • ? for help. configuration • TAB for command completion. OSPF Lab setup • Allows abbreviated commands as long there is no ambiguity. E.g. sh for show, or conf term for configure terminal. • Quagga specific: accept address/mask notation, e.g. 10.0.0.1/24. Llorenç Cerdà-Alabern Linux Routers and Community Networks 68 / 191 Summer Course at Mekelle Institute of Technology. Linux Routers and Community Networks Lab 2: RIP and OSPF Part III Description IOS fundamentals Lab 2: RIP and OSPF Quagga set up Basic commands Outline RIP review RIP Description RIP configuration configuration RIP Lab setup IOS fundamentals RIP Lab setup OSPF review Quagga set up OSPF OSPF review configuration OSPF Lab Basic commands OSPF configuration setup RIP review OSPF Lab setup Llorenç Cerdà-Alabern Linux Routers and Community Networks 69 / 191 Lab 2: RIP and OSPF Quagga set up Lab 2: RIP and OSPF Quagga daemons • zebra: general configuration. Description • ripd: RIP daemon. IOS fundamentals • ospfd: OSPF daemon Quagga set up • Use telnet to connect to the deamons: Basic commands root@OpenWrt:~#/etc/init.d/quagga start quagga.init: Starting zebra ... done. RIP review quagga.init: Starting ripd ... done. quagga.init: Starting ospfd ... done. RIP root@OpenWrt:~# telnet localhost zebra configuration Entering character mode Escape character is ’^]’. RIP Lab setup Hello, this is Quagga (version 0.99.22.3). Copyright 1996-2005 Kunihiro Ishiguro, et al. OSPF review User Access Verification OSPF Password: zebra configuration OpenWrt> OpenWrt> enable OSPF Lab OpenWrt#? setup clear Reset functions configure Configuration from vty interface ... Llorenç Cerdà-Alabern Linux Routers and Community Networks 70 / 191 Summer Course at Mekelle Institute of Technology. Linux Routers and Community Networks Lab 2: RIP and OSPF Part III Description IOS fundamentals Lab 2: RIP and OSPF Quagga set up Basic commands Outline RIP review RIP Description RIP configuration configuration RIP Lab setup IOS fundamentals RIP Lab setup OSPF review Quagga set up OSPF OSPF review configuration OSPF Lab Basic commands OSPF configuration setup RIP review OSPF Lab setup Llorenç Cerdà-Alabern Linux Routers and Community Networks 71 / 191 Lab 2: RIP and OSPF Basic commands Lab 2: RIP and OSPF Interfaces Description • Show Interfaces: OpenWrt# show interface IOS Interface br-lan is up, line protocol detection is disabled fundamentals index 5 metric 1 mtu 1500 Quagga set up flags: <UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> HWaddr: 10:fe:ed:af:63:5e Basic inet 192.168.5.1/24 broadcast 192.168.5.255 commands inet6 fd20:1d78:f920::1/60 inet6 fe80::12fe:edff:feaf:635e/64 RIP review Interface dummy0 is down index 11 metric 1 mtu 1500 RIP flags: <BROADCAST,NOARP> configuration HWaddr: 06:31:12:18:c8:5c RIP Lab setup • Assign IP address: OSPF review OpenWrt# conf term OSPF OpenWrt(config)# int dummy0 configuration OpenWrt(config-if)# ip add 10.0.0.1/24 OSPF Lab setup • Remove IP address: OpenWrt(config-if)# no ip add 10.0.0.1/24 Llorenç Cerdà-Alabern Linux Routers and Community Networks 72 / 191 Lab 2: RIP and OSPF Basic commands Lab 2: RIP and OSPF Description Routing table IOS fundamentals • Show routing table: Quagga set up OpenWrt# show ip route Codes: K - kernel route, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, Basic O - OSPF, I - IS-IS, B - BGP, H - HSLS, o - OLSR, commands b - BATMAN, A - Babel, > - selected route, * - FIB route RIP review K>* 0.0.0.0/0 via 192.168.1.1, eth0.2 C>* 10.0.0.0/24 is directly connected, dummy0 RIP C>* 127.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, lo configuration C>* 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, eth0.2 C> 192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, br-lan RIP Lab setup * OSPF review • Add route to network 10.0.0.1/24 via gateway 192.168.1.1: OSPF OpenWrt# conf term configuration OpenWrt(config-if)# ip route 10.0.0.1/24 192.168.1.1 OSPF Lab setup Llorenç Cerdà-Alabern Linux Routers and Community Networks 73 / 191 Lab 2: RIP and OSPF Basic commands Lab 2: RIP and OSPF Show current configuration Description OpenWrt# show running-config Current configuration: IOS ! fundamentals password zebra ! Quagga set up interface br-lan ipv6 nd suppress-ra Basic ! commands interface dummy0 RIP review ipv6 nd suppress-ra ! RIP interface eth0 configuration ipv6 nd suppress-ra ! RIP Lab setup interface eth0.1 ipv6 nd suppress-ra OSPF review ! interface eth0.2 OSPF ipv6 nd suppress-ra configuration ! interface lo OSPF Lab ! setup interface wlan0 ipv6 nd suppress-ra ! access-list vty permit 127.0.0.0/8 access-list vty deny any ! Llorenç Cerdà-Alabern Linux Routers and Community Networks 74 / 191 ip forwarding ipv6 forwarding ! ! line vty access-class vty ! end Lab 2: RIP and OSPF Basic commands Lab 2: RIP and OSPF Description Miscelanea IOS fundamentals • Avoid expiration of telnet session: Quagga set up OpenWrt# conf term OpenWrt(config)# line vty Basic OpenWrt(config-line)# exec-timeout0 commands RIP review • Save current configuration: RIP OpenWrt# write configuration Configuration saved to /etc/quagga/zebra.conf RIP Lab setup • Change hostname (and prompt): OSPF review OpenWrt# conf term OpenWrt(config)# hostname R1 OSPF R1(config)# configuration OSPF Lab setup Llorenç Cerdà-Alabern Linux Routers and Community Networks 75 / 191 Summer Course at Mekelle Institute of Technology. Linux Routers and Community Networks Lab 2: RIP and OSPF Part III Description IOS fundamentals Lab 2: RIP and OSPF Quagga set up Basic commands Outline RIP review RIP Description RIP configuration configuration RIP Lab setup IOS fundamentals RIP Lab setup OSPF review Quagga set up OSPF OSPF review configuration OSPF Lab Basic commands OSPF configuration setup RIP review OSPF Lab setup Llorenç Cerdà-Alabern Linux Routers and Community Networks 76 / 191 Lab 2: RIP and OSPF RIP review Lab 2: RIP and OSPF Routing Information Protocol (RIP) One of the oldest and more simple routing protocols. In summary, it Description works as follows: IOS fundamentals • The metric is the number of jumps until the destination: 1 if Quagga set up the destination is a network directly connected, 2 if it has to go Basic commands through a router, etc. RIP review • The routers send periodically (each 30 seconds) a broadcast RIP RIP message in each interface with the known destinations and configuration metrics. Sent with UDP, source and destination port: 520. RIP Lab setup • If we stop receiving RIP messages from a neighbour (180 OSPF review OSPF seconds), we assume that it is down. configuration • The metric’s value of infinity is16. OSPF Lab setup • RIP version 2: The netmask is added to the destinations sent in the messages. The messages are sent to the multicast address: 224.0.0.9 (all RIPv2 routers). Llorenç Cerdà-Alabern Linux Routers and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ECE 435 – Network Engineering Lecture 15
    ECE 435 { Network Engineering Lecture 15 Vince Weaver http://web.eece.maine.edu/~vweaver [email protected] 25 March 2021 Announcements • Note, this lecture has no video recorded due to problems with UMaine zoom authentication at class start time • HW#6 graded • Don't forget HW#7 • Project Topics due 1 RFC791 Post-it-Note Internet Protocol Datagram RFC791 Source Destination If other than version 4, Version attach form RFC 2460. Type of Service Precedence high reliability Routine Fragmentation Offset high throughput Priority Transport layer use only low delay Immediate Flash more to follow Protocol Flash Override do not fragment CRITIC/ECP this bit intentionally left blank TCP Internetwork Control UDP Network Control Other _________ Identifier _______________________ Length Header Length Data Print legibly and press hard. You are making up to 255 copies. _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ Time to Live Options _________________________________________________ Do not write _________________________________________________ in this space. _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ Header Checksum _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ for more info, check IPv4 specifications at http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0791.txt 2 HW#6 Review • Header: 0x000e: 4500 = version(4), header length(5)=20 bytes ToS=0 0x0010: 0038 = packet length (56 bytes) 0x0012: 572a = identifier 0x0014: 4000 = fragment 0100 0000 0000 0000 = do not fragment, offset 0 0x0016: 40 = TTL = 64 0x0017: 06 = Upper layer protocol (6=TCP) 0x0018: 69cc = checksum 0x001a: c0a80833 = source IP 192.168.8.51 0x001e: 826f2e7f = dest IP 130.111.46.127 • Valid IPs 3 ◦ 123.267.67.44 = N ◦ 8.8.8.8 = Y ◦ 3232237569 = 192.168.8.1 ◦ 0xc0a80801 = 192.168.8.1 • A class-A allocation is roughly 224=232 which is 0.39% • 192.168.13.0/24.
    [Show full text]
  • Cisco Router Block Wan Request
    Cisco Router Block Wan Request Equalitarian Fletcher sometimes daggled any aftershock unchurch conceptually. Computational Felix never personifies so proficiently or blame any pub-crawl untunably. Precedential and unsupervised Scott outspoke while cephalic Ronny snag her midlands weak-mindedly and kotows unsafely. Can you help me? Sometime this edge can become corrupted and needs to be cleared out and recreated. Install and Tuning Squid Proxy Server for Windows. Developed powerful partnerships with each physical network address on wan request. Lot we need to wan request to establish a banner for each nic ip blocks java applets that you find yourself having different. Proxy will obscure any wan cisco require a banner for yourself inside network address in its child and password: select os of attacks? Authorized or https, follow instructions below and see if a cisco and share your isp and sends vrrp advertisements, surf a traveling businesswoman connects after migration done on. Iax trunk on vpn for ospf network devices and how will have three profiles to be found over time a routing towards internet security profile. Pfsense box blocks as your wan cisco router request cisco router block wan requests specifically for commenting. Centralize VLAN, outbound policy, firewall rules, configuration profiles and more in minutes. Uncheck block cisco router wan request check box displays detailed statistics: wan request through our go. Fragmentation is choppy and asa would be the cisco request to content; back of connect wan rules for outside world? Is to configure static content on the result in theory this may block cisco wan router request check out ping requests.
    [Show full text]
  • FRR - a New Quagga Fork with a More Open Development
    FRR - A new Quagga fork with a more open development Martin Winter [email protected] 1 What is FRR ? (for the not so technical People) ‣ Open Source (GPLv2+) Routing Stack ‣ Implements RIP, RIPng, OSPF (v2&v3), ISIS, BGP, PIM, LDP ‣ Fork of Quagga ‣ Works on Linux and most BSD based systems ‣ For use in many Clouds as virtual routers, white box vendors and network providers (full routing stack) 2 FRR - Why a new fork? Community Driven Faster Development Open Development Model 3 FRR - Who is behind the Fork? 4 FRR - What’s different? ‣ Methodical vetting of submissions ‣ More automated testing of contributions ‣ Github centered development ‣ Elected Maintainers & Steering Committee ‣ Common Assets held in trust by Linux Foundation 5 FRR – Current Status First stable version (2.0) – out very soon BGP Zebra LDP (new) ‣ Performance & Scale fixes ‣ MPLS Support IPv4/v6 for static ‣ RFC 5036 (LDP Specification) LSPs ‣ AddPath Support ‣ RFC 4447 (Pseudowire Setup and Maintenance using LDP) ‣ Remote-AS internal/external ‣ 32-bit route-tags Support ‣ RFC 4762 – (Virtual Private LAN ‣ Nexthop Tracking Service (VPLS) using LDP) ‣ BGP Hostname support ‣ RFC 5549 (unnumbered) Support ‣ RFC 6720 - The Generalized TTL ‣ Update Groups Security Mechanism (GTSM) for ‣ RFC 5549 (unnumbered) Support LDP ‣ Nexthop tracking ‣ RFC 7552 - Updates to LDP for OSPF V2/V3 IPv6 ‣ 32-bit route-tags ‣ OpenBSD Support restored Others Testing ‣ 32-but route-tags ‣ JSON Support ‣ Dejagnu unittests changed to pytest ‣ RFC 5549 (unnumbered) Support ‣ VRF Lite (Linux VRF device support) for BGP and Zebra ‣ Topology Tests 6 ‣ Snapcraft Packaging FRR - Links ‣ Website (very soon!) • http://www.frrouting.org ‣ Github • http://github.com/freerangerouting/frr.git ‣ Issue Tracker • https://github.com/freerangerouting/frr/issues ‣ New feature list, test results etc (until web is up) • https://github.com/freerangerouting/frr/wiki 7.
    [Show full text]
  • AWS Site-To-Site VPN User Guide AWS Site-To-Site VPN User Guide
    AWS Site-to-Site VPN User Guide AWS Site-to-Site VPN User Guide AWS Site-to-Site VPN: User Guide Copyright © Amazon Web Services, Inc. and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Amazon's trademarks and trade dress may not be used in connection with any product or service that is not Amazon's, in any manner that is likely to cause confusion among customers, or in any manner that disparages or discredits Amazon. All other trademarks not owned by Amazon are the property of their respective owners, who may or may not be affiliated with, connected to, or sponsored by Amazon. AWS Site-to-Site VPN User Guide Table of Contents What is Site-to-Site VPN ..................................................................................................................... 1 Concepts ................................................................................................................................... 1 Working with Site-to-Site VPN ..................................................................................................... 1 Site-to-Site VPN limitations ......................................................................................................... 2 Pricing ...................................................................................................................................... 2 How AWS Site-to-Site VPN works ........................................................................................................ 3 Site-to-Site VPN Components .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • IOS XR Attestation Trust Me, Or Trust Me Not?
    IOS XR Attestation Trust me, or Trust me not? Dan Backman, Portfolio Architect @jonahsfo BRKSPG-1768 Cisco Webex Teams Questions? Use Cisco Webex Teams to chat with the speaker after the session How 1 Find this session in the Cisco Events Mobile App 2 Click “Join the Discussion” 3 Install Webex Teams or go directly to the team space 4 Enter messages/questions in the team space BRKSPG-2415 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3 Agenda • Risks to the Network Infrastructure • Measuring and Validating Trust in Cisco IOS-XR routers • New commands for Trust Integrity Measurement in IOS XR • Building a Service to Report on Trust Evidence • Conclusion BRKSPG-2415 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4 Trusted Platform “Integrity, not just security.” © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public “Network devices are ideal targets. Most or all organizational and customer traffic must traverse these critical devices.” Source: US-CERT Alert (TA18-106A) Original release date: April 16, 2018 “The Increasing Threat to Network Infrastructure Devices and Recommended Mitigations.” Source: US-CERT Alert (TA16-250A) Original release date: Sep 6, 2016 BRKSPG-2415 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6 Growing Concerns for Service Providers Targeted attacks on Critical Infrastructure Impact on Economy Untrusted Locations Complex to Manage BRKSPG-2415 © 2020 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7 How do I know my device has not been compromised? What is Trustworthy and Why Does It Matter? To build a trustworthy platform The network infrastructure must be constructed on a platform of trustworthy technologies to ensure devices operating are authentic and can create verifiable evidence that they have not been altered.
    [Show full text]
  • Configurable Routing in Ad-Hoc Networks
    Configurable Routing in Ad-Hoc Networks Nadine Shillingford and Christian Poellabauer Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, IN 46556 fnshillin, [email protected] Abstract— The actual use of a wireless ad-hoc network or run across the network, will be unknown a-priori. Further, ad- its operational parameters may be unknown before deployment hoc networks may be accessed by varying numbers of clients or they may change during the life time of a network. This (users), with different applications and differing expectations requires that an ad-hoc network be configurable to the unique needs of a client and that multiple clients can configure the on QoS. Therefore, it will be essential to make configurability network simultaneously. The QoS metric(s) used in the selection and customizability of future ad-hoc networks a key design of routes in an ad-hoc routing protocol can strongly affect the feature. network’s performance. Unfortunately, the majority of existing Toward this end, this work introduces the CMR (Con- routing protocols support only one or two fixed metrics in route figurable Mesh Routing) toolkit which provides an easy-to- selection. We conducted a survey of over 40 routing protocols published from 1994-2007 which indicated that 90% of the use API for ad-hoc networks, allowing applications or users protocols use one or two metrics and only 10% use three to to implement their own routing protocols and QoS metrics. four metrics in route selection. Toward this end, we propose a While our prototype implementation supports four of the most modular routing toolkit for ad-hoc networks, where users and popular QoS metrics, it is easily extensible and we expect that applications can initiate route discoveries that best suit their QoS future versions will cover a large variety of QoS metrics.
    [Show full text]
  • Openswitch OPX Configuration Guide Release 3.0.0 2018 - 9
    OpenSwitch OPX Configuration Guide Release 3.0.0 2018 - 9 Rev. A02 Contents 1 Network configuration....................................................................................................................................4 2 Interfaces...................................................................................................................................................... 5 Physical ports..................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Fan-out interfaces..............................................................................................................................................................6 Port-channel and bond interfaces....................................................................................................................................7 VLAN interfaces................................................................................................................................................................. 7 Port profiles.........................................................................................................................................................................8 3 Layer 2 bridging............................................................................................................................................10 VLAN bridging...................................................................................................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • Glossaire Des Protocoles Réseau
    Glossaire des protocoles réseau - EDITION LIVRES POUR TOUS - http://www.livrespourtous.com/ Mai 2009 A ALOHAnet ALOHAnet, également connu sous le nom ALOHA, est le premier réseau de transmission de données faisant appel à un média unique. Il a été développé par l'université d'Hawaii. Il a été mis en service en 1970 pour permettre les transmissions de données par radio entre les îles. Bien que ce réseau ne soit plus utilisé, ses concepts ont été repris par l'Ethernet. Histoire C'est Norman Abramson qui est à l'origine du projet. L'un des buts était de créer un réseau à faible coût d'exploitation pour permettre la réservation des chambres d'hôtels dispersés dans l'archipel d'Hawaï. Pour pallier l'absence de lignes de transmissions, l'idée fut d'utiliser les ondes radiofréquences. Au lieu d'attribuer une fréquence à chaque transmission comme on le faisait avec les technologies de l'époque, tout le monde utiliserait la même fréquence. Un seul support (l'éther) et une seule fréquence allaient donner des collisions entre paquets de données. Le but était de mettre au point des protocoles permettant de résoudre les collisions qui se comportent comme des perturbations analogues à des parasites. Les techniques de réémission permettent ainsi d'obtenir un réseau fiable sur un support qui ne l'est pas. APIPA APIPA (Automatic Private Internet Protocol Addressing) ou IPv4LL est un processus qui permet à un système d'exploitation de s'attribuer automatiquement une adresse IP, lorsque le serveur DHCP est hors service. APIPA utilise la plage d'adresses IP 169.254.0.0/16 (qu'on peut également noter 169.254.0.0/255.255.0.0), c'est-à-dire la plage dont les adresses vont de 169.254.0.0 à 169.254.255.255.
    [Show full text]
  • Cisco Nexus 9000 Series NX-OS Fundamentals Configuration Guide, Release 6.X First Published: 2013-11-20 Last Modified: 2014-09-26
    Cisco Nexus 9000 Series NX-OS Fundamentals Configuration Guide, Release 6.x First Published: 2013-11-20 Last Modified: 2014-09-26 Americas Headquarters Cisco Systems, Inc. 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134-1706 USA http://www.cisco.com Tel: 408 526-4000 800 553-NETS (6387) Fax: 408 527-0883 THE SPECIFICATIONS AND INFORMATION REGARDING THE PRODUCTS IN THIS MANUAL ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. ALL STATEMENTS, INFORMATION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS IN THIS MANUAL ARE BELIEVED TO BE ACCURATE BUT ARE PRESENTED WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. USERS MUST TAKE FULL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEIR APPLICATION OF ANY PRODUCTS. THE SOFTWARE LICENSE AND LIMITED WARRANTY FOR THE ACCOMPANYING PRODUCT ARE SET FORTH IN THE INFORMATION PACKET THAT SHIPPED WITH THE PRODUCT AND ARE INCORPORATED HEREIN BY THIS REFERENCE. IF YOU ARE UNABLE TO LOCATE THE SOFTWARE LICENSE OR LIMITED WARRANTY, CONTACT YOUR CISCO REPRESENTATIVE FOR A COPY. The Cisco implementation of TCP header compression is an adaptation of a program developed by the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) as part of UCB's public domain version of the UNIX operating system. All rights reserved. Copyright © 1981, Regents of the University of California. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER WARRANTY HEREIN, ALL DOCUMENT FILES AND SOFTWARE OF THESE SUPPLIERS ARE PROVIDED “AS IS" WITH ALL FAULTS. CISCO AND THE ABOVE-NAMED SUPPLIERS DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THOSE OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT OR ARISING FROM A COURSE OF DEALING, USAGE, OR TRADE PRACTICE. IN NO EVENT SHALL CISCO OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOST PROFITS OR LOSS OR DAMAGE TO DATA ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THIS MANUAL, EVEN IF CISCO OR ITS SUPPLIERS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
    [Show full text]
  • Laboratory 2 ARP; Zebra Routing Daemon Part1. Introduction
    Facultatea de Electronică şi Telecomunicaţii Communications Network Laboratory 1 Laboratory 2 ARP; Zebra routing daemon Part1. Introduction ARP Address Resolution Protocol, ARP, is used by a system, which wants to send data an IP address on the local network, and it doesn’t know the destination MAC address. Systems keep an ARP look-up table where they store information about the association between the IP and MAC addresses. If the MAC address is not in the ARP table, then ARP protocol is used it knowing the destination IP addresss. ARP operation for communications inside the local network: • System checks its ARP table for the MAC address associated with the IP address. • If the MAC address is not in the ARP table, an ARP request is broadcasted in the local network, requesting the MAC address for the specified IP address. • The machine with the requested IP address will reply with an ARP packet containing its MAC address. • Thepacket is sent to the learned MAC address. ARP operation for communication between hosts located in different networks • System determines that the IP address does not belong to the local network and decides to send the packet to the gateway. It has to determine the MAC address of the gateway. • It broadcast an ARP request asking for the MAC address of the IP address belonging to the gateway. It knows the gateway’s IP address from the static route specifying the default gateway. • The gateway will reply with its MAC address. • The packet is sent to the gateway. • The gateway will be in charge with sending the packet to the next hop towards the destination.
    [Show full text]
  • Challenges in Testing How Opensourcerouting Tests Quagga
    Proceedings of NetDev 1.1: The Technical Conference on Linux Networking (February 10th-12th 2016. Seville, Spain) Sevilla, Spain Feb 10-12, 2016 Challenges in Testing How OpenSourceRouting tests Quagga Martin Winter Feb 10, 2016 1 Proceedings of NetDev 1.1: The Technical Conference on Linux Networking (February 10th-12th 2016. Seville, Spain) Who is OpenSourceRouting ? ‣ Who is Open Source Routing ? • www.opensourcerouting.org • Project by NetDEF (Network Device Education Foundation) - www.netdef.org - Non-Profit Company based in California • Working on Quagga Routing ‣ Who is Martin Winter ? • Co-Founder of NetDEF • Focusing on Testing Quagga • Previously worked for Equipment Vendor & large ISP 2 Proceedings of NetDev 1.1: The Technical Conference on Linux Networking (February 10th-12th 2016. Seville, Spain) What is Quagga ? ‣ Routing Protocol Stack • RIP / RIPNG / OSPFv2 / OSPFv3 / ISIS / BGP / PIM • Running on Linux / FreeBSD / NetBSD / OpenBSD / Solaris • Used on low-end OpenWRT boxes, physical and virtual software routers, SDN deployments, distributed routers • Originally derived from Zebra • GPLv2+ Open Source / “Community” owned & controlled 3 Proceedings of NetDev 1.1: The Technical Conference on Linux Networking (February 10th-12th 2016. Seville, Spain) Quagga Community How it works today No single entity behind Quagga No Large community of “contributers” “Owner” Maintainer = person with commit access Main source git on Savannah Simple Single master branch with Git Model development branch merged into every few months Email Code
    [Show full text]
  • Babel Routing Protocol for Omnet++ More Than Just a New Simulation Module for INET Framework
    Babel Routing Protocol for OMNeT++ More than just a new simulation module for INET framework Vladimír Veselý, Vít Rek, Ondřej Ryšavý Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Information Technology Brno University of Technology Brno, Czech Republic {ivesely, rysavy}@fit.vutbr.cz; [email protected] Abstract—Routing and switching capabilities of computer Device discovery protocols such as Cisco Discovery networks seem as the closed environment containing a limited set Protocol (CDP) and Link Layer Discovery Protocol of deployed protocols, which nobody dares to change. The (LLDP), which verify data-link layer operation. majority of wired network designs are stuck with OSPF (guaranteeing dynamic routing exchange on network layer) and In this paper, we only focus on a Babel simulation model. RSTP (securing loop-free data-link layer topology). Recently, Babel is increasingly more popular seen as the open-source more use-case specific routing protocols, such as Babel, have alternative to Cisco’s Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing appeared. These technologies claim to have better characteristic Protocol (EIGRP). Babel is also considered a better routing than current industry standards. Babel is a fresh contribution to protocol for mobile networks comparing to Destination- the family of distance-vector routing protocols, which is gaining its Sequenced Distance-Vector (DSDV) or Ad hoc On-Demand momentum for small double-stack (IPv6 and IPv4) networks. This Distance-Vector (AODV) routing protocols. Babel is a hybrid paper briefly describes Babel behavior and provides details on its distance vector routing protocol. Although it stems from a implementation in OMNeT++ discrete event simulator. classical distributed Bellman-Ford algorithm, it also adopts certain features from link-state protocols, such as proactive Keywords—Babel, OMNeT++, INET, Routing, Protocols, IPv6, neighbor discovery.
    [Show full text]