ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Pat and I Had the Privilege of Working with Many Dedicated and Competent People in the NPS

374

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Pat and I had the privilege of working with many dedicated and competent people in the NPS. Ranger-Naturalists have carried the heart and soul of the ‘"National Park Idea,” and the “Mystique,” from generation to generation. It was a wonderful experience and privilege to serve with YNP Ranger-Naturalists Bill Baker, Lowell Biddulph, Bill Lewis, Bud Lystrup, George Marler, Ted Parkinson, Wayne Replogle, and Simon Simonian. They helped us understand what it meant to Love Yellowstone. Chet Cantrell, Fred Felsch, and Jim Hughes were dedicated seasonal rangers, and good friends. Rangers Tom Milligan, with wife Sharlene, Nat Lacy, Bert McLaren, and Don Guiton, Secretary Ellen Bratlien, and Park Engineer Tom Hyde and wife Norma, lived in the Mammoth Hot Springs apartment into which we moved in 1957. They all took us under wing and demonstrated the real “family” atmosphere of working for the NPS in those days. When we first arrived in YNP as a permanent Park Ranger, some of the storied permanent rangers were still serving in the Park. They included Chief Ranger Otto Brown; Assistant Chief Rangers Scotty Chapman, Hal Edwards, and Tom Garry; District Rangers Lee Coleman, Les Gunzel, DeLyle Stevens, and Joe Way; Management Assistant Joe Joffe; Assistant Superintendent Warren Hamilton; Chief Naturalist David de Lancey Condon; and Historian Aubrey Haines. It was an honor to serve with these men. Fire Specialist, and later Management Assistant, Dan Nelson and wife Junia consistently befriended us, from Yellowstone to Yosemite to Glacier. Sub-District Rangers Tom Ela, Les Gunzel and Lee Robinson, for whom I worked at Old Faithful, epitomized the best of the NPS; they provided the guidance I needed as a new recruit and were always receptive to input. My supervisor at Snake River, A1 Maxey, always was helpful and trusting. District Ranger, and then Law Enforcement Officer, Harry Reynolds had many abilities that I admired (not including blowing up of a can of brown bread in an oven). District Ranger Elt Davis set a fine example for those of us who worked under him. YNP colleagues Darrell Coe, Jack Hughes, Tom Milligan, Bob Perkins, and Bob Wood were outstanding field rangers, and good friends. Naturalist Jerry DeSanto, with the extensive knowledge of a traditional naturalist, set a good example for others. YNP Superintendent Lon Garrison was as sensitive and caring as he was efficient and effective. Our copy of his book “The Making of a Ranger” (Garrison 1983) is inscribed “To Riley and Pat McClelland— With Love and respect— Old friends—Lon and Inger Garrison.” We cherish their kindness. Thanks to Catherine Kisluk, in the NPS Denver Service Center providing copies of old master plans that helped locate the sites of buildings that existed at Old Faithful before Mission 66 desecrations. Thanks to YNP Archives Specialists Harold Housley, Colleen Curry, and Mariah Robertson, and to Photo Archivists Bridgette Guild and Andrew Washburn; to Librarians Jackie Jerla and Jessi Gerdes; and to Publications Editorial Assistant Virginia Warner, for all of their able assistance finding documents and references. Special thanks to Mary T. McClelland, Mary McFadzen, and David Shea for locating errors in manuscript drafts. Surviving errors— as always, are exclusively the author’s responsibility. These memoirs have not been professionally edited for publication. This long record undoubtedly is far more detailed than publication would allow. 375

LITERATURE CITED Abbey, E. 1977. The journey home: some words in defense of the American West. Dutton, New York. 242 pp. Albright, H. M. 1985. The birth of the National Park Service: the founding years, 1913-1933. Howe Brothers, Salt Lake City. 340 pp. Altmann, M. 1956. Patterns of herd behavior in free-ranging elk of Wyoming. Pages 65-71 in Zoologica, Scientific Contributions of the New York Zoological Society 41, Part 2. Altmann, M. 1959. Group dynamics in Wyoming moose during the rutting season. J. Mammalogy 40(3):420-424. Altmann, M. 1963. Naturalistic studies of maternal care in moose and elk. Pages 233-253 in Maternal Behavior in Mammals, H. L. Rheingold, ed. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. American Dental Association. 2005. Fluoridation Facts. 69 pp. Annual Report of the Superintendent, Yellowstone National Park. 1955. Supplemental memorandum, 11 July 1955, Item No. 1. Spruce budworm control, available in the Yellowstone National Park Library, Gardiner, MT. Annual Report of the Superintendent, Yellowstone National Park. 1956. 15 June 1956, Item No. 19. Spruce budworm control program, available in the Yellowstone National Park Library, Gardiner, MT. Anonymous. 1960a. National Park Courier 5(2): 1 and 20. Anonymous. 1960b. National Park Courier 5(3):2. Anonymous. 2008. Passing of Dale YellowstoneNuss. Science 16(3):3. Augspurger, M. M. 1948. Yellowstone National Park. The Naegele-Auer Printing Co. Middletown, Ohio. 247 pp. Bates, M. 1960. The forest and the sea. Vintage Books, New York. 277 pp. Bateson, G. L., Jr. 2011. Growing up in Yellowstone. Pumice Point Press. 156 pp. Beal, M. D. 1949. The story of man in Yellowstone. The Caxton Printers, Ltd. Caldwell, ID. 320 pp. Biddulph, S. 2013. Five old men of Yellowstone: the rise of interpretation in the first national park. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City. 384 pp. Biel, A. W. 2006. Do (Not) feed the bears: the fitful history of wildlife and tourists in Yellowstone. University Press of Kansas. 186 pp. Black, G. 2012. Empire of shadows: the epic story of Yellowstone. St. Martin’s Press, NY. 560 pp. Bonney, O. H. and L. Bonney. 1970. Battle drums and geysers. Sage Books, The Swallow Press, Inc., Chicago. 622 pp. Brock, T. D. 1994. Life at high temperatures. Yellowstone Association for Natural Science, History, and Education, Inc. Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. 31 pp. Bryan, T. S. 1995. The geysers of Yellowstone. University Press of Colorado. Niwot, Colorado. 463 pp. Butcher, D. 1951. Exploring our national parks and monuments. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston. 286 pp. Carson, R. 1962. Silent spring. Houghton-Mifflin Co., Boston. 368 pp. 376

Chapman, H. 1991. Thoughts and observations from an ex-Regional Director. Pages 39-46 inThe George Wright Forum 7(4). Chittenden, H. M. 1949. Yellowstone National Park. Second Edition. Stanford University Press, Stanford. 286 pp. Coe, D. L. 1970. Old Faithful—the three-antlered elk. Pages 62-63, and 76 in Sports Afield 164(6). Condon, D. D. 1955. The Black Dragon’s Caldron.Yellowstone Nature Notes 29( 1 ):7-11. Cope, O. B. 1961. Effects of DDT spraying for spruce budworm on fish in the Yellowstone River System.Transactions o f the American Fisheries Society 90:239-251. Craighead, J. J., G. Atwell, and B. W. O' Gara. 1972. Elk migration in and near Yellowstone National Park.Wildlife Monograph 48 29. pp. Craighead, F. C. 1979. Track of the Grizzly. Sierra Club Books, San Francisco. 261 pp. Cramton, L. C. 1932. Early history of Yellowstone National Park and its relation to national park policies. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 148 pp. Davis, M. J. 1954. Nobody here but us bats. Pony-X-Press, Albuquerque, NM 30 pp. DeSanto, J. 1963. Gas-killed birds on the Upper Terraces, Mammoth HotThe Springs. Yellowstone Interpreter 1 (4):3—13. Doane, G. C., Lieutenant. 1970. Report on the 1870 Yellowstone Expedition, to the Secretary of War, submitted 15 December 1870. Pages 113-148, Appendix M in L. C. Cramton (1932), Early history of Yellowstone National Park and its relation to National Park policies. United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Douglass, I. B. 1939. Some chemical features of Yellowstone NationalJ. Park. Chemical Education 16(9): 1-27. Drury, N. B. 1949. The National park concept.National Parks Magazine 23(97):28-34. Evans, L. 1939. Yellowstone elk - a reservoir for restocking purposes.Yellowstone Nature Notes XVI(5-6):29-34. Everhart, W. C. 1972. The National Park Service. Praeger Publishers, New York. 276 pp. Fischer, W. A. 1960. Yellowstone's living geology. Special Yellowstoneissue of Nature Notes, Volume 33, June 1960. Flader, S. L. 1974. Thinking like a mountain. University of Missouri Press. Columbia. 284 pp. Frome, M. 1992. Regreening the national parks. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 289 pp. Garric, R. K. 1965. The cryoflora of the PacificNorthwest. American Journal of Botany 52( 1): 1—8. Garrison, L. A. 1983. The making of a ranger. Howe Brothers, Salt Lake City, Utah. 310 pp. Good, J. 2000. Reminiscence from the firingYellowstone line. Science 8(2):3-6 Greene, L. W. 1987. Yosemite: the park and its resources. Chapter VI: National Park Service Administration, 1931 to ca 1960. Completion of the Tioga Road Yosemite Online Library. Greer, K. R. And H. W. Yeager. 1967. Sex and age indications from upper canine teeth of elk (wapiti).J. Wildlife Management 31:408^H 7 377

Hagen, M. 1980. The Wagar influence.American Forests 86(7): 10-13;54-55. Haines, A. L. 1964. The Bannock Indian Trail. Yellowstone Library and Museum Association. 9 pp. Haines, A. L. 1996a. The Yellowstone story. Vol. 1 revised edition. University Press of Colorado, Niwot. 385 pp. Haines, A. L. 1996b. The Yellowstone story. Vol. 2, revised edition. University Press of Colorado, Niwot. 543 pp. Haines, A. L. 1996c. Yellowstone place names: mirrors of history. University Press of Colorado, Niwot. 318 pp. Hampton, H. D. 1971. How the U.S. Cavalry saved our national parks. Indiana University Press, Bloomington. 246 pp. Hanna, J. S. 1988. Remembering Storer College.NPS Courier 33(2):26-28. Hart, R. O. 1950. Winter eruption recordings of Old Faithful YellowstoneGeyser. Nature Notes 24(4):3 7-3 9. Ise, J. 1961. Our national park policy. Resources for the Future, Inc., Washington D C 701 pp. Keen, S. 2007. Sightings. Chronicle Books, San Francisco. 120 pp. Keiter, R. B. 2013. To conserve unimpaired: the evolution of the national park idea. Island Press. 368 pp. Kephart, H. 1952. Camping and woodcraft. The MacMillan Co., New York. 479 pp. Kerr, P. F. 1963. Quick clay.Scientific American 209(5): 132-142. Knickerbocker, C., D. K. Nordstrom, and G. Southam. 2000. The role of “blebbing” in overcoming the hydrophobic barrier during biooxidation of elemental sulphur by Thiobacillus thiooxidans. Chemical Geology 169(3-4):425^133 Langford, N. P. 1905. The discovery of Yellowstone Park: 1870. (first edition) J. E. Haynes, St. Paul. 122 pp. Leopold, A. 1949. A Sand County Almanac and sketches here and there. Oxford University Press, New York. 226 pp. Leopold, A. 1953. Round River. Oxford University Press, New York. 173 pp. Leopold, A. S., et al. 1963. Wildlife management in the nationalTransactions parks. o f the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference 28:28^45. Lutz, M. 1988. The Lake Ranger Station.National Park Service Courier 33(7):9-10. Lystrup, H. T. 1938. The ninety day wonder. Prairie Publishing Co., Casper, WY. 104 pp. Lystrup, H. T. 1955. Antler oddity.Yellowstone Nature Notes 29(4):44-45. Lystrup, H. T. 1958. The three antlered elk.Yellowstone Nature Notes 32(2):25. Lystrup, H. T. 1969. Shavings off the stick. The Fireside Press. Wilson, WY. 48 pp. Marler, G. D. 1957. The story of Old Faithful Geyser. Yellowstone Interpretive Series No. 4, Wheelwright Lithographing Co., Salt Lake City. 44 pp. Marler, G. D. 1959. Annual report of hot spring activity in the Firehole Basins for the 1959 Season. Unpublished NPS Report, 51 pp. Marler, G. D. 1973. Inventory of thermal features of the Firehole River Geyser Basins and other selected areas of Yellowstone National Park. Washington D.C.; National Technical Information Service Publication Number PB-221289, 648 pp. 378

Martindale, P. 1926. Miscellaneous wildlife.Yellowstone Nature Notes 3(2):5—6. McClelland, B. R. 1955. Observations of some forest insects.Yellowstone Nature Notes 29(5):52. McClelland, B. R. 1956. Rabbit Creek Geyser in action.Yellowstone Nature Notes 30(6):60. McClelland, B. R. 1957. Observing wildlife.Yellowstone Nature Notes 31 (3):30—32. McClelland, L. F. 1998. Building the national parks. The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 591 pp. Muir, J. 1901. Our national parks. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston. 370 pp. Murie, A. 1940. Ecology of the coyote in the Yellowstone. Fauna Series No. 4, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 206 pp. Murphy, B. 2006. Bears 1 have known. Riverbend Publishing, Helena, MT. Ill pp. Nessmuk (George Washington Sears). 1884. Woodcraft. Stream Publishing Company, New York. 149 pp. Nordstrom, D. K. 2006. Yellowstone’s acid waters: A plethora of chemical and biological activity.Chinese Journal o f Geochemistry 25. Supplement 1, 2006:232-233. Olson, A. E., H. B. Peterson, J. L. Shupe. 1980. Chronic fluoride toxicosis in wildlife in Yellowstone National Park. Pages 294-302 in Proceedings of the Second Conference on Scientific Research in the National Parks. National Technical Information Service, San Francisco, CA. Parkinson, T. J. 1956. A century of service.Yellowstone Nature Notes 30(2):22-24. Pengelly, L. 1988. Can we implement Leopold’s “Land Ethic?”Northwest Wildlifer 3:2-3. Phillips, C. 1926. A familiar marten.Yellowstone Nature Notes 3(2):3—4. Replogle, W. F. 1956. Yellowstone’s Bannock Indian Trails. Yellowstone Interpretive Series Number 6, Yellowstone Library and Museum Association. 80 pp. plus map. Robbins, W. J., et al. 1963. A Report by the Advisory Committee to the National Park Service on research. Washington D.C. National Academy of Sciences. National Research Council. 156 pp. Runte, A. 1979. National parks: the American experience. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln. 240 pp. Rydell, K. L., and M. S. Culpin. 2006. Managing the “Matchless Wonders:” A history of administrative development in Yellowstone National Park, 1872-1965. National Park Service, Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National park, WY, YCR-2006-3. Sax, J. L. 1980 Mountains without handrails: reflections on the national parks, The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. 152 pp. Schullery, P. Mountain time. 1984. Nick Lyons Books, NY. 221 pp. Schullery, P. 2004. Searching for Yellowstone: ecology and wonder in the last wilderness. Montana Historical Society Press, Helena. 360 pp. Scott, K. A. 2007. Yellowstone denied: the life of Gustavus Cheney Doane. The University of Oklahoma Press, Norman. 320 pp. Sellars R. W. 1997. Preserving nature in the national parks: a history, Yale University Press, New Haven. 380 pp. 379

Simonian, S. 1956. Predictions of Old Faithful’s eruptions.Yellowstone Nature Notes 30(5):37-M0. Tilden, F. 1951. The national parks: what they mean to you and me. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. 326 pp. Tilden, F. 1957. Interpreting our heritage. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill. 110 pp. Tilden, F. 1965a. The constructive aspects of inaction.Trends 2(4):21—24. Tilden, F. 1965b. Not by truth alone.Trends 2(2):4. Tilden, F. 1971. National parks centennial 1872-1972: Yellowstone, the flowering of an idea," Government Printing Office: 1971-483 419/34. 2 pp. Tilden, F. 1975. Who am I? Reflections on the meaning of parks on the occasion of the nation's bicentennial. Government Printing Office: 1975-587 144/5. 45 pp. Tyers, D. B. 1981. The condition of the northern winter range in Yellowstone National Park: a discussion of the controversy. M.S. Thesis. Montana State University, Bozeman. 170 pp. Utley, R. M. 1974. Toward a new preservation ethic. NPS Newsletter 9(18):7. Wagar, J.V.K. 1940. Certified outdoorsmen.American Forests. 46(1 l):490^t92, 524—525. Wagar, J.V.K. 1947. Nature interpretation in forest recreation. Pages 163-172 in Proceedings, Society, o f American Foresters. Wagar, J.V.K. 1953. An analysis of the wilderness and natural area J.concept. Forestry 51 (3): 178—183. Wagar, J.V.K. 1954a. Quality standards for forest recreation and wildlife production and Harvest. Pages 128—132 in 1954Proceedings, Society o f American Foresters. Wagar, J.V.K. 1954b. Recreation and wildlife problems of the Central Rocky Mountains. J. Forestry 52(3): 186-190. Wagar, J.V.K. 1966. Some fundamental characteristics of outdoor recreation.J. Forestry 64(10):667-673. West, R. 2009. Bat population fluctuations. Pages 8-11 in Issue 39. Canyon and Caves, a resource newsletter from the Stewardship and Science Division, Carlsbad Caverns National Park, NM. Wilson, M. A. 1976. Rustic architecture: the national park style. Pages 4-5,Trends 7 in July-Sept. Winks, R. W. 1996. Dispelling the myth. Pages 52-53National in Parks Magazine July/August. Wirth, C. L. 1980. Parks, politics, and the people. University of Oklahoma Press. Norman. 397 pp. Wright, G. M. and B. Thompson. 1935. Fauna of the national parks of the United States: Wildlife Management in the National Parks. Fauna Series No. 2, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 142 pp. Zahniser, H. 1963. Guardians not gardeners.The Living Wilderness. 83:2. Zwinger, A. H. and B. E. Willard. 1972. Land above the trees. Harper and Rowe, 489 pp. 380

MEMOIRS PART 1. INDEX CCNP = Carlsbad Caverns National Park; CSU = Colorado A & M College prior to. 1957, then Colorado State University; Glacier National Park = GNP; GTNP = Grand Teton National Park; NPS ~~ National Park Service; YNP = Yellowstone National Park; YONP = Yosemite National Park; RMNP = Rocky Mountain National Park

PEOPLE Not all of the names that appear within the memoirs are listed in this index. The index includes individuals with whom I shared a special experience(s) or whose action (s) affected my life or attitude. Characterizations that follow the names represent the primary context within which I knew the individual, or, for historic figures, their well-known roles. Abbey, Edward (author, environmental raconteur)...... 345, 375 Abbey, Les (Mechanic H. D. , NPS, YNP)...... '.119 Albright, Horace (Mather's Assistant, then NPS Director, later YNP Superintendent)...... n , j_v, 105, 201, 375 Altmann, Dr. Margaret (Ethologist, University of Colorado) 176, 177, 294, 350, 375 Anderson, Ernie (Administrative Officer, NPS, YNP) 66 67 119 Arnott, James (fellow student, CSU)...... 10, 14, 40-42 87 Ashley, Kenneth (Assistant Chief Ranger, NPS, YNP) 305 312 314, 364, 365 Atwood, Erwin (Supervisory Storekeeper, NPS, YNP)...... 119 Baggley, George (Midwest Region Office, NPS)...... 138 Baker, William (Bill) (Ranger-Naturalist, NPS, YNP)....43, 53 78, 92, 152, 288, 290, 303, 309, 317, 319, 340, 350, 352 355, 363, 367, 374 Barmore, William (Wildlife Biologist, NPS, YNP)...... 312, 327 Barrows, Maynard (Forester, GTNP)...... [.196 Baskett, Dr. L. M. (Livingston and Mammoth Hospitals) 151 160, 187, 293, 309 .... Bates, Dr. Marston (author, naturalist, conservationist)...... 3 18 Bateson, Gerry (Lake Area Winterkeeper, Yellowstone Park Company)...... 270 Bauer, Clyde Max (Chief Naturalist, NPS, YNP)...... {.176 Beal, Dr. Sam (Ranger-Naturalist, NPS, YNP) 2 43 53 21 Q 318, 350, 375 *’ ' ' ' ' Beal, Merrill D. (Dave) (Assistant Chief Naturalist, NPS, YNP) ...... 43; 59; 14Q; 1?3^ 3g6< 368 Bean, Glenn (District Manager, NPS, YNP)...... 204, 279, 281 381

Beidleman, Dr. Richard (Ranger-Naturalist, NPS, RMNP; prominent Colorado ornithologist)...... 7, 8 Berg, Len (District Ranger, NPS, YNP)..... 157, 171, 173, 204, 241, 281 Berry, Wendall (author, philosopher)...... iii Biddulph, Dr. Lowell (Ranger-Naturalist, NPS, YNP)...219, 243, 293, 318, 350, 374 Binnewies, Robert (Park Ranger, NPS, YNP)...... 267, 281, 312 Bohlin, Elroy (District Ranger, NPS, YNP)...... 308, 311, 312 Boles, Colonel (former Superintendent, CCNP)...... 69, 70 Bolin, Jim (FCA, Old Faithful, NPS, YNP)...... 217 Boyd, Gordon (Park Ranger, NPS, YNP)...... 293, 312, 328 Bratlien, Ellen (Secretary, NPS, YNP)...... 78, 119, 374 Brock, Dr. Thomas (microbiologist)...... 53, 225, 375 Brown, Judge James (U. S. Commissioner, YNP)..94, 95, 288, 317 Brown, Otto (Chief Ranger, NPS, YNP)...66, 78, 79, 83, 85, 87, 116, 119, 138, 146, 152, 157, 158, 171, 172, 186, 363, 374 Burke, Fred (Yellowstone Park Company)...... 87 Burns, Robert L. (Park Ranger, NPS, YNP)...... 105, 106, 111, 115, 116, 118, 129, 130, 132, 138, 139, 143, 146, 157, 173, 204, 223 Butcher, Devereux (Editor, National Parks Magazine; Field Representative, National Parks Association) 4, 375 Cain, Dr. Stanley (Assistant Secretary of Interior)...308, 318 Cantrell, Chester (Senior Seasonal Ranger, Old Faithful, NPS, YNP)...... 43, 88, 94, 374 Carr, Dr. J. E. (Physician, Mammoth, YNP) 333, 372 Carson, Dr. Rachel (conservationist; author of Silent Spring) 29, 375 Carver, John (Assistant Secretary of Interior)...... 324 Caskey, John & Marge (cooks, Old Faithful Ranger Mess Hall, NPS, YNP)...... 15 Chapman, Bill (artist, Gardiner, MT)...... 334, 338, 339 Chapman, Howard (South District Manager, Law Enforcement Specialist, NPS, YNP)...... v, 241, 279, 281, 303, 375 Chapman, W. S. Scotty (Assistant Chief Ranger, NPS, YNP)...79, 85, 119, 173, 204, 241, 281, 334, 372, 374 Clemens, Dr. J. R. (Livingston Hospital)...... 83 Coe, Darrell (Park Ranger, NPS, YNP)..222, 224, 225, 231, 233, 236, 237, 241, 245, 248, 267, 268, 281, 289, 306, 374, 376 Coleman, Lee (District Ranger, NPS, YNP)....85, 204, 241, 302, 374 Cook, John (ranger, NPS, YNP) 297, 306 Cook, Lawrence (Head, Forestry Operations, western NPS, in 1957)...... 109 382

Corson, James (trainee, 1957 Yosemite Ranger School, NPS)...... 107, 110, 113 Condon, David de Lancy (Chief Park Naturalist, NPS, YNP) 2, 35, 37, 38, 43, 56, 57, 131, 138, 140, 146, 165, 171, 173, 219, 367, 374, 376 Craighead, Dr. Frank (wildlife biologist)...209, 211, 244-247, 279, 376 Craighead, Dr. John (wildlife biologist)...... 209, 211, 234, 244-247, 305, 376 Cramton, Louis C. (author, Special Assistant to the Secretary of the Interior)...... iii, iv, vii, 376 Cross, Donald (ranger, NPS, YNP)...... 310, 312, 314 Danforth, Terry (Park Ranger, NPS, YNP)...... 328 Davis, Elt (District Ranger, NPS, YNP) 119, 171, 173, 186, 188, 192, 196, 199, 204, 206, 221, 374 Deao, Gene (Branch of Employment and Employee Operations, Washington D.C., NPS)...... 370 DeSanto, Jerry (Ranger-Naturalist, NPS, YNP)....315, 317, 374, 376 Dick, Oscar (District Manager, NPS, YNP)...192, 204, 206, 241, 281, 303 Doane, Lieutenant Gustavus (1870 Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition) ... iii, 42, 53, 116, 130, 141, 237, 315, 376, 378 Doerr, John (Chief, Naturalist Division, NPS, Washington D. C.)...... 5 6 , 57 Douglass, Dr. Irwin B. (Ranger-Naturalist, NPS, YNP; Professor of Chemistry, University of Maine)...137, 302, 376 Downing, George (Ranger-Naturalist, NPS, YNP) 43, 210 Drury, Newton (Director, NPS) 4 , 376 Duffy, Katie (West District Naturalist during our volunteer years)...... 372 Dunlap, C. "Dunny" (Rabbit Creek Dump Manager, NPS, YNP)...147 Edmonds, Jasper (Jap) (Trails Foreman, NPS, RMNP)...... 7 Edwards, Hal (Assistant Chief Ranger, NPS, YNP)...79, 119, 374 Ela, Thomas (District Ranger, NPS, YNP) 15, 17, 24-28, 59, 64, 6 8 , 72, 75, 374 Eliason, Alan (Ranger-Naturalist, NPS, YNP) 288, 290 Epperson, Jim (Maintenance Foreman, NPS, YNP, Old Faithful) 8 8 , 119 Ernst, Emile (Chief Forster, NPS, Washington D. C . ) ...... 109 Everett, Rolla (Personnel Officer, NPS, YNP) 74, 119 Everson, Dr. A. C. (Instructor, Range Management, CSU)..10, 35 Fechner, Dr. Gil (Instructor, Dendrology, CSU)...... 35 Felsch, Fred (Seasonal Ranger, NPS, YNP)....176, 294, 350, 374 Fernandez, Claude (Supervisory Tour Leader, NPS, CCNP)...... 68 Fink, Ken (Seasonal Ranger, NPS, YNP)...... 25, 26, 43 383

Fischer, Dr. William (Park Geologist, NPS, YNP) 178, 188, 210, 376 Fisher, Jim (Foreman II Signmaker, NPS, YNP)...... 342 Folsom-Cook-Peterson (18 69 Expedition to what would become YNP in 1872)...... 254 Fonda, John (Park Ranger, NPS, GTNP)...... 201 Fraser, Joe (Park Ranger, NPS, YNP)...... 173, 241, 281, 312 Frauson, Bob (Long's Peak Climbing Ranger, NPS, RMNP)...7, 248 Freeland, Dixon (Tour Leader, NPS, CCNP)...... 68, 71, 75 Frome, Michael (author, teacher, conservationist) ii, 47, 373, 376 Galusha, Hugh (Yellowstone Park Company, YNP)...... 138 Garrison, Lemuel A. (Superintendent, NPS, YNP)....iii, 75, 83, 85, 103, 119, 165, 178, 186, 204, 233, 234, 236, 241, 248, 249, 281, 312, 332, 374, 376 Garry, Tom (Assistant Chief Ranger, NPS, YNP)..... 79, 85, 374 Gastellum, Luis (Assistant Superintendent, NPS, YNP).161, 173, 204, 241, 281, 312 Germeraad, Bill (Ranger-Naturalist, NPS, YNP) 188, 207 Gilbert, Karl (District Ranger, NPS, YNP) 43, 56 Gillett, Les (Mechanic H. D. , NPS, YNP)...... 119 Goff, Anne Burt (Superintendent Garrison's Secretary, NPS, YNP)...... 119 Gordon, Dr. John C. (Dean, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, author of the "Gordon Report")..v, vi Good, John (Chief Naturalist, NPS, YNP)....103, 241, 263, 264, 281, 310, 312, 315, 317, 318, 321, 326, 327, 334, 363, 367, 372, 376 Grater, Russell (Director, Harpers Ferry Interpretive Training Center, NPS)...... 366, 368 Gray, Tom (Mechanic H. D., NPS, YNP)...... 119 Guiton, Don (Park Ranger, NPS, YNP).... 78, 84, 85, 87, 374 Gunzel, Les (Sub-District Ranger, NPS, YNP)... 84, 85, 87, 88, 101, 103, 105, 111, 115, 116, 121-124, 139, 140, 146, 152, 173, 203, 204, 241, 281, 312, 374 Hackett, Ted (Park Ranger, NPS, YNP)...... 15, 24-28, 43 Haines, Aubrey (Park Historian, NPS, YNP)...53, 104, 119, 241, 254, 298, 312, 318, 374, 376, 377 Hamilton, Warren (Assistant Superintendent, NPS, YNP)...... 85, 138, 374 Hampton, Dr. Dwayne (Univ. of Montana, History Professor) 14, 377 Harry, Bryan (Assistant Chief Naturalist NPS, YNP)...315, 326, 328, 345, 348, 367 Hart, Ruben (Park Ranger, NPS, YNP) 116, 188, 206, 377 Hartzog, George (Director, NPS)...... 110, 306, 371 384

Haynes, Jack Ellis ("Mr. Yellowstone," Haynes Studios, YNP). . 2, 84, 85, 88, 126, 145, 172, 173, 175, 241, 278, 280, 281, 367, 377 Hayden, Ferdinand V. (Leader, scientific expeditions to the YNP area 1871, 1872, 1878) 328, 341 Heckaman, Ray (Ranger-Naturalist, NPS, YNP)...... 43 Hefti, Vincent (fellow student, CSU)...... 6, 42 Henry, Gil (Personnel Staff Specialist, NPS, YNP) 357, 363 Herne, Gene (Mechanic H. D., NPS, YNP)...... 119 Hershey, Marvin (fellow student, YONP Ranger School, NPS, 1957) 110, 113 Hervey, Dr. Donald (Associate Professor of Range Management, CSU)...... 10 Hewitt, Arthur T. (Park Naturalist, NPS, CCNP and YNP)....68, 173, 204 Hoener, Lloyd (Park Ranger, NPS, YNP) 85, 173, 204, 218, 241, 265 Hoskins, R. Taylor (Superintendent, NPS, CCNP)...65, 68, 74-76 Howe, Bob (Chief Biologist, NPS, YNP) 173, 204, 241, 281, 297, 312, 327 Howe, Wayne (Chief Ranger, NPS, YNP)...... 305, 310, 312 Hughes, Jack (Park Ranger, NPS, YNP) 173, 204, 241, 281, 299, 303, 305, 308, 311, 312, 314, 374 Hughes, Jim (Seasonal Park Ranger, NPS, YNP)...... 94, 217, 374 Hyde, Tom (Lake District Manager, NPS, YNP)...... 78, 88, 204, 234, 241, 243, 250, 279, 374 Irwin, Dr. Keith (Professor of Chemistry, CSU)...... 35 Ise, John (Author of Our National Park Policy)...... ii, 377 Joffe, Joe (Management Assistant, NPS, YNP)...35, 36, 79, 119, 201, 374 Johnson, Joyce (co-worker of Pat, YNP)...... 57 Johnsson, Bob (Lake District Naturalist, NPS, YNP)...312, 315, 323, 328, 341 Jones, Harold R. (Bob) (Park Ranger, NPS, YNP) 15, 79, 84, 85, 87, 94 Jones, Pat (proxy Godmother for Mary Teresa)...... 87 Keithley, Jim (Old Faithful Winterkeeper, Yellowstone Park Company)...... 101, 118, 139, 161, 170 Keithley, Bob (Old Faithful Winterkeeper, Yellowstone Park Company)...... 119, 121 Keller, William (Photographer, NPS, YNP)...... 273, 312 Kennedy, John F. (35th President of the U.S.)...... 323, 327 Kephart, Horace (author Woodcraft)...... 4, 377 Kirk, Louis (trainee, Harpers Ferry, 1965, Park Naturalist, NPS, Olympic N.P.)...... 366, 368 Klinger, Dr. Bruno (Professor of Botany, CSU)...... 35 385

Kocher, Howard (Foreman III, NPS, YNP)...... 119, 204 Kowski, Frank (Director, 1957 Ranger Training School, NPS, YONP)...... 105, 107-109, 113 Lacy, Nathaniel (Nat) (Park Ranger, NPS, YNP)...... 23, 85, 374 Langford, Nathaniel P. (Member 1870 Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition; first Superintendent of YNP)....42, 53, 315, 377 Leopold, Dr. Aldo (natural resource philosopher, wildlife authority, author)...... iii, viii, 4, 109, 318, 326, 377 Leopold, Dr. A. Starker (Chairman, 1963 Leopold Committee) ...... iv, v, vi, 308, 318, 345 Lewis, Danny (YNP visitor, 6 yrs old, died as a result of falling into Ojo Calente Hot Spring)...... 151 Lewis, Dr. Bill (Ranger-Naturalist, NPS, YNP)...210, 216, 288, 290, 317, 319, 341, 344, 350, 374 Lystrup, Herbert Tscherning (Bud) (Senior Ranger-Naturalist, NPS, YNP)...... 2, 29, 43, 46, 88, 151, 155, 219, 224, 318, 350, 374, 377 Manion, Jim (Smokejumper Squad Leader NPS, YNP)...... 218 Marler, George (Ranger-Naturalist, Hydrothermal Feature Specialist, NPS, YNP) 2, 43, 46, 47, 54, 57, 59, 60, 62, 63, 116, 119, 140, 161, 178, 179, 184, 189, 192, 204, 219, 237, 239, 312, 318, 350, 374, 377 Martin, Fred (Editor, Livingston Enterprise, Montana)...... 119 Martindale, Dr. Philip (Ranger-Naturalist, NPS, YNP)..137, 377 Massey, Bill (Tour Leader, NPS, CCNP) 68, 71, 75 Mather, Steven T. (first Director, NPS)..... iv, 47, 105, 113, 202, 363, 364, 366, 368 Mattson, Frank (Landscape Architect, NPS, YNP)...... 140, 204 Maxey, Clyde A. (Al) (Sub-District Ranger, NPS, YNP)...... 173, 176, 177, 180, 186, 187, 204, 241, 261, 281, 310, 312, 318, 326, 327, 374 McCaddon, Reverend Damon L. (Catholic Priest, Denver, Colorado)...... 42 McClelland, Mary Teresa (daughter)...83, 87, 89, 92, 96, 97, 99, 105, 107, 108, 112, 118, 119, 130, 131, 132, 135, 138, 139, 142, 143, 146, 148, 151, 152, 154, 157, 158, 160, 161, 163, 165, 170, 176, 186, 190, 192, 207, 233, 235, 243, 259, 266, 275, 284, 293, 296, 301, 309, 327, 332, 336, 355, 360, 372, 374 Kevin (son)...... 151-155, 158, 160, 161, 165, 166, 186, 190, 192, 207, 220, 233, 235, 243, 259, 266, 270, 275, 296, 303, 304, 306, 309, 317, 327, 329, 332-334, 336, 355, 372 Jane (daughter)...... 187, 190, 207, 224, 231, 233-235, 259, 284, 296, 309, 317, 333, 334, 336, 355 Kerry (son)...... 233, 234, 296, 309, 334, 336, 355, 372 Terence (son)...... 309, 355, 357 386

McCurdy, Charles (West District Naturalist, NPS, YNP) 113, 312, 315, 323, 327, 328, 332 McGown, Jim (Mt. Sheridan Lookout, NPS, YNP)...... 186 McIntyre, Robert (Chief Naturalist, NPS, YNP)...108, 113, 203, 204, 206, 241, 366 McLaren, Bert (Park Ranger, NPS, YNP)...... 17, 23, 43, 78, 85, 119, 173, 188, 196, 204, 241, 374 McLaughlin, John (Superintendent, NPS, YNP)...... 332, 363 Meagher, Dr. Mary (museum curator, research biologist, NPS, YNP)...... 327 Metherell, Robert (trainee, YONP Ranger School, 1957, NPS, Park Ranger, Blue Ridge Parkway)...... 107, 113 Miller, Thomas (Cal) (Assistant Superintendent, NPS, CCNP) ...... 68, 74, 75, 77 Milligan, W. Tom (Park Ranger, NPS, YNP)...... 27, 78, 84, 146, 157, 173, 186, 204, 222, 223, 241, 281, 310, 312, 317, 328, 331, 374 Mills, Enos ("Father" of Rocky Mountain National Park)...... 7 Morey, Robert (Park Ranger, NPS, YNP)...... 241, 263, 281, 312 Muir, John (wilderness icon)...... iii, iv, 109, 377 Munson, Bob (seismograph specialist, USGS)...... 323 Murdock, Nelson (Chief Park Ranger, NPS, YNP)...... 202, 204, 222, 241 Murie, Dr. Adolph (naturalist, wolf expert, conservationist, wilderness advocate)...... iv, 378 Murie, Dr. Olaus (wildlife biologist, conservationist, wilderness advocate)...... 324, 325 Murphy, Bob (Park Ranger, NPS, YNP, GNP) 253, 255, 378 Nadon, Bob (Seasonal Ranger, NPS, YNP)...... 243 Nelson, Dan S. (Fire Control Specialist, NPS, YNP, YONP, and GNP)...... 4...... 14, 108, 289, 374 Nelson, Richard (Assistant Superintendent, NPS, YNP)...... 281, 312 Nicholls, William (Co-owner, Bombardiers of West Yellowstone) 116, 118, 160 Nuss, Dale (Sub-District Ranger, NPS, YNP) 30, 85, 173, 204, 241, 253, 255, 279, 281, 285, 289, 294, 312, 364, 372, 375 Oastler, Dr. Frank R. (Instituted the NPS public education program)...... 4, 5 Ogburn, H. G. (Seasonal Plumber, Old Faithful, NPS, YNP)....57 Olmstead Sr., Frederick Law (landscape architect Central Park, New York; 1865 Yosemite management guidelines) iv, 104, 107. Olmstead Jr., Frederick Law (key contributor to wording in the 1916 NPS Ac t )...... iv 387

Orgill, Stewart (Park Ranger, NPS, YNP) 263, 266, 281, 312 Olson, Sigurd (wilderness advocate and author)...... 324, 325 Packard, James W. Byrne (Sub-District Ranger, NPS, YNP)...172, 173, 204, 243, 246, 249, 267 Parkinson, Ted (Ranger-Naturalist, NPS, YNP)...... 2, 43, 48, 219, 318, 350, 374, 378 Pierson, Dave (Head Wrangler, NPS, YNP)...... 217 Pengelly, Dr. W. Leslie (UM, Professor, Director, Wildlife Biology Program,)...... 262 Penny, Father Francis (Catholic Priest, Cody WY, in charge of masses in YNP)...... 97, 99 Perkins, Bob (Park Ranger, NPS, YNP) 83-85, 146, 150, 157, 159, 161, 165-167, 169, 170-173, 178, 186, 187, 202, 208, 374 Peterson, Bob (fellow student, CSU)...... 40, 41 Peterson, Delmar (Park Ranger, NPS, YNP)....43, 171, 173, 187, 188, 202, 204, 218, 241, 263, 265, 281, 312 Phillips, Charles (Park Ranger, NPS, YNP) 131, 378 Povah, Trevor (President, Hamilton Stores, YNP) 57, 158 Preston, John (Superintendent, NPS, YONP)...... 109 Replogle, Wayne (The "Ripper") (Ranger-Naturalist, NPS, YNP) 149, 219, 315, 316, 334, 337, 346, 349-351, 354, 374, 378 Reynolds, Harry (District Ranger, NPS, YNP) 121, 173, 196, 204, 234, 241, 243, 253, 279, 281, 310, 374 Robbins, Dr. William J. (1963 "Robbins Report," NAS Advisory Committee on Research in the National Parks) .... 318 Robinson, Bob (Equipment Supervisor, NPS, YNP)...... 138 Robinson, Lee (Sub-District Ranger, NPS, YNP) 68, 85, 171, 173, 186-188, 192, 203, 204, 206, 207, 209, 217, 237, 241, 244, 245, 267, 281, 374 Rogers, Edmund B. (Superintendent, NPS, YNP)...... 2, 3, 35, 38-40, 75 Roosevelt, Franklin D. (32nd President of the U.S.)...... 66 Roselieve, Mary Jane (companion in RMNP; CSU student)....7, 10 Roselieve, Mrs. Vera (Secretary to Dean Clinton Wasser, School of Forestry, CSU)...... 7 Runte, Alfred (author National Parks: The American Experience) ii, iv, 378 Russell, Dick (Tour Leader, NPS, CCNP)...... 68, 69, 71, 72 Sax, Joseph (author Mountains Without Handrails) ii, 378 Schaefer, Dr. Vincent (Leader, Yellowstone Research Expeditions)...... 196, 198, 236, 328, 357 Schaller, Dr. George (wildlife ecologist, author)...... 293 Schroeder, Dick (Ranger-Naturalist, NPS, YNP)...... 43 Scott, Ted (Sub-District Ranger,. NPS, YNP)...... 350 Scoyen, Clarence ("Pop") (Cashier, NPS, YNP)...... 119 388

Sellars, Richard W. (NPS Historian)...... ii, v, 378 Sellers, Ray (Sub-District Ranger, NPS, YNP)....241, 281, 289, 312 Senecal, Father Gerard (O.S.B., Catholic Priest, baptized Kevin at Old Faithful, YNP)...... 151, 155 Seton, Ernest Thompson (wildlife author)...... 302 Shearer, Mary (Chief Ranger's Secretary, NPS, YNP)....119, 204 Simonian, Simon (Ranger-Naturalist, NPS, YNP)..... 43, 48, 57, 92, 100, 152, 374, 378 Smith, Mrs. Mabel (landlady in the Ft. Collins house in which I lived during Jr. and Sr. years at A & M) ...... 6 Smith, Richard (Rick) (Seasonal Ranger, NPS, YNP) 267, 285 Sommerville, Tom (Supervisory Accountant, NPS, YNP)...... 119 Spring, Robert (photographer, author)...... 345, 348 Spurgeon, Stan (Park Ranger, NPS, GTNP)...... 201, 202 Steinhoff, Dr. Harold (Professor Wildlife Management, CSU)).40 Stevens, DeLyle (Fire Control Manager, NPS, YNP)...85, 94, 374 Stevens, Thad (Ranger-Naturalist, NPS, YNP)...... 57 Stevenson, Adlai (Democratic nominee for President in 1952 and 1956)...... 66 Sullivan, Father Otho (Catholic Priest, baptized Mary Teresa at Mammoth, YNP)...... 87, 97, 99 Sylvester, Frank (Assistant Chief Ranger, NPS, YNP)...... 119, 157, 173, 186, 193 Thompson, Lynn (Seasonal Ranger, NPS, YNP) 244, 246, 285 Tilden, Freeman (architect, philosopher, "Father of Interpretation," conscience of the NPS) Hi, 4, 371, 378 Tracy, George (Fire Cache Supervisor, NPS, YNP)...... 14, 204, 241, 312 Trecker, Edward (trainee, Harpers Ferry, 1957, U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife) 366, 368 Truman, Margaret (Peg) (Pat's Mother, artist)..29, 32, 33, 80, 220 Truman, Harry S. (33rd President of the U.S.)...... 66 Truman, Harry V. (Pat's Father, Ranger-Naturalist, NPS, YNP)...... 29, 31-34, 44, 45,73, 80, 220, 350 Truman, Patricia Ann (prior to marriage)...ii, 23, 29, 32, 33, 80, 220 Turner, Houston (Supply Officer, NPS, YNP)...... 119 Tyers, Dr. Dan (Bear Management Biologist, wildlife searcher) 260, 264, 378 Tyers, John (Assistant Park Naturalist, NPS, YNP)..... 43, 59, 85, 119, 147 Utley, Dr. Robert (Historian, NPS)...... v, 378 Valder, Jim (Park Ranger, NPS, YNP)....85, 161, 166, 168, 173, 204, 241 389

Wagar, Jack Vernon Knox (JVK) (Professor and Department Head, Forest Recreation, School of Forestry, CSU)..... viii, 4, 6, 35, 40, 41, 376, 378, 379 Wasem, Charles R. (Bob) (trainee, YONP Ranger School, 1957, NPS, Park Ranger, Bryce Canyon National Park)...... 107, 110, 113 Washburn-Langford-Doane (187 0 Expedition to what would become YNP)...... 42, 53, 315 Wasser, Dr. Clinton (Dean, School of Forestry, CSU)..... 7, 10 Way, Joe (District Ranger, NPS, YNP)....34, 85, 138, 173, 204, 241, 281, 374 Wentworth, Dr. Clarence (Professor of English, CSU)...... 35 Widmer, Edward (Law Enforcement Specialist, NPS, YNP) 312, 350 Wilcox, Gale (Park Ranger, NPS, GTNP)...... 201, 202 Winks, Dr. Robin (national parks advocate, scholar)....vi, 379 Wirth, Conrad (Director, NPS)..8, 102, 103, 325, 345, 366, 379 Wolfe, Andy (Tour Leader, CCNP)...... 68, 71, 75 Womack, Les (Park Ranger, NPS, CCNP)...... 68 Wood, Bob (Park Ranger, NPS, YNP) 241, 263, 281, 298, 299, 302, 303, 305, 312, 328, 374 Wright, George M. (NPS, early 1930s visionary ecologist who established scientific wildlife research in the NPS)...... iv, 379 Wright, Pat (nurse at Mammoth Hot Springs Hospital, YNP)...152 Young, Harold (Co-owner, Bombardiers of West Yellowstone...... 116, 118, 160, 192, 223, 233 390

ANIMALS American dipper...... 171 American marten... 130, 131, 136, 137, 146, 160, 166, 192, 202, 224, 378 American wigeon...... 161 bald eagle...... 158, 325 Barrow's goldeneye...... 161 bears, black.14, 28, 30, 43, 56, 147, 149, 150, 158, 223, 237, 253, 254, 289, 292, 297, 317 bears, feeding grounds...... 28, 29, 30, 34, 56, 151, 152, 375 bears, grizzly 28, 29, 30, 34, 56, 58, 103, 119, 146, 147, 151, 171, 209, 211, 222, 223, 237, 244-247, 271, 279, 289, 297, 302, 306, 309, 345, 376 (Sylvia, grizzly mother bear)...... 244-246 (Ignatz, grizzly cub) 244-247, 279 bears, problems and management..... 14, 28-30, 34, 43, 56, 58, 119, 147, 149, 150, 152, 158, 209-211, 222, 223, 244-246, 253, 254, 279, 288, 289, 292, 297, 333 bighorn sheep...... 261, 327 bison..14, 47, 62, 96, 130, 146, 160, 161, 165, 166, 189, 191, 192, 223, 239, 244, 261, 271, 298, 305, 327 brown trout 29, 56, 253, 326 brucellosis...... 327 buf f lehead...... 161 Calaveras (Nashville) Warbler...... 315 Canada geese...... 161, 244, 286, 287 canyon towhee (CCNP)...... 68 cats (domestic)...... 222, 294 Clark's nutcracker...... 171 common goldeneye...... 161 common merganser...... 161 common redpoll...... 122, 171 common snipe...... •...... 171 coyote...130, 189, 192, 196, 200, 223-225, 230, 245, 283, 298, 306, 323, 350, 378 curve-billed thrasher. (CCNP)...... 68 elk 5, 14, 83, 96, 118, 130, 144, 146, 158, 160, 165, 166, 176, 192, 224, 229-231,236-238, 260-267, 298, 303, 305-307, 323, 327, 333, 350, 375-377 elk (three-antlered) 224, 229, 230, 231, 236, 238, 376, 377 elk reduction program...14, 118, 158, 160, 165, 260, 261, 264, 266, 303, 305 elk trapping...... 260-265, 279, 303, 305-307 elk traps Crystal...... 245, 262, 263, 265, 279, 303, 305 Gardiner...... 263 Lamar...... 263, 303 Little Buffalo Creek...... 264 391

Mammoth...... 2 63 Slough Creek 264, 303, 305, 307 greater roadrunner (CCNP)...... 68 great horned owl...... 333 harlequin duck...... 244 hognose skunk(CCNP)...... 69 horned lark...... 171 horses. ... 17, 25, 27, 29, 30, 42, 79, 104, 121, 152, 157, 172, 176, 177, 186, 217, 293, 294, 298, 299, 301, 302, 318, 323, 326, 334, 337, 346, 350 insects...... 17, 28, 71, 102, 109, 225, 377 killdeer...... 171 mallard...... 161 Mexican free-tailed bat (CCNP) 71, 376, 379 moose...... 176, 192, 244, 253, 283, 298, 375 mountain chickadee...... 130, 171 mountain whitefish...... 28, 29, 317 mule deer 130, 134, 137, 146, 158, 160, 162, 222, 224, 228, 333 northern flying squirrel.. 1 60 pine engraver...... 1 7 pine grosbeak...... 1 2? northern river otter...... 171, 192, 254 porcupine...... 68, 254 pronghorn...... 14, 261 pyrrhuloxia (CCNP)...... 68 rabies (CCNP)...... 71 rainbow trout...... 29 rattlesnake (CCNP)...... 69 red-breasted nuthatch.... 1 30 red squirrel...... 130, 188 ringtail (CCNP)...... 60 ruffed grouse...... 171 snow bunting...... 122, 171 spruce budworm...... 28, 109, 375, 376 sucker...... 28 trout...... 2, 28,. 29, 210 trumpeter swan...... 4, 56, 158, 192, 244, 340, 341, 343 Yellowstone cutthroat.... 334

PLANTS alpine forget-me-not...... 345 big sagebrush 260, 299 buttercup...... 333 Canada wildrye...... 333 fringed gentian...... 29 glacier lily...... ■...... 334 harebell...... 299 392

limber pine...... 315 lodgepole pine...... 2, 42, 48, 138, 210, 215, 216, 218, 345 lupine...... 345 ocotillo (CCNP)...... 68 penstemon...... 345 pinon pine (CO)...... 40, 41 ponderosa pine (YONP)...... 109 rabbitbrush...... 260, 323 red fir (YONP)...... 109, 110 "red" snow (algae)...... 288, 334 river birch...... 323 Rocky Mountain juniper...... 315 scarlet gilia...... 176 trembling aspen...... 323 yellow monkeyflower...... vii, 29, 146, 148, 334 yellow stonecrop...... 302

LANDSCAPE FEATURES Absaroka Range...... 276, 288 Alluvium Creek 293, 295 Antelope Creek...... 305 Aster Creek and Lake...... 328 Beartooth Mountains...... 83 Bechler Meadows...... 157, 223 Beaver Lake...... 334, 340 Boiling River 79, 80 Bottomless Pit (CCNP)...... 68 Buffalo Lake...... 157 Buffalo Plateau...... 350 Bunsen Peak...... 334, 340 Cache Creek 302, 317, 321, 345, 346 Cache Lake...... 319, 334, 341 Calfee Creek...... 346 Canoe Lake...... 346 Canyon Creek...... 326 Cave Falls...... 157 Chicago Creek (CO)...... 1 Colorado River...... iii Crawfish Creek...... 178 DeLacy Creek 17, 23 Eagle Peak...... 341 Earthquake Lake...... 178 El Capitan (TX)...... 69 Electric Peak...... 319, 341, 344 Elk Park...... 245 Fairy Creek...... 104, 164 Fairy Falls...... 140, 161, 164, 267 Fan Creek...... 323 393

Feather Lake...... 17 Fern Falls...... 152 Fern Lake...... 294, 309 Firehole Canyon...... 27, 237 Firehole River....ii, 2, 25, 56, 119, 123, 138, 139, 151, 160, 161, 165, 192, 210, 223, 226, 253, 377 Flat Mountain Arm...... 248, 249 Frying Pan River (CO)...... 1 Gardner River...... 333, 334 Geode Creek...... 333 Gibbon Meadows...... 56, 210 Gibbon River...... 56, 210, 326 Glacier Point (YONP)...... 109, 110, 112 Glade Creek...... 178 Goose Lake...... 17, 158 Gooseneck Lake...... 153 Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone...... 103, 328 Grand Lake (CO)...... 1 Hayden Valley..30, 161, 165, 244, 253, 254, 270, 272, 283, 292 Harlequin Lake (Secret Lake)...... 56 Heart Lake...... 186, 328, 330, 331 Hebgen Lake 178, 181, 237 High Lake...... 323 Howard Eaton Trail...... 21, 22, 42 Indian Creek...... 323 Iron Creek 140, 171 Jackson Lake (GTNP)...... 201, 323 Jones Creek...... 290 Jones Pass...... 288, 290 Kintla Lake (GNP)...... 289 Lake Butte...... 279, 285 Lake of the Clouds (CCNP)...... 75 Lake Solitude (GTNP)...... 30 Lamar River...... 298, 299, 317, 326, 346, 349 Lamar Valley...... 260, 263, 297-299, 302, 308, 309, 323 Lava Creek...... 333 Lewis Channel 253, 255, 364 Lewis River...... 157 Lewis Lake 253, 255, 364 Little Firehole River...... 24, 25, 104 Lower Falls of the Yellowstone...... 32, 328 Madison Plateau...... 17, 25, 104 Madison River...... 178 Mallard Lake...... 104, 171 Mary Bay...... 245, 247, 253, 258, 270, 284 Mary Mountain...... 161, 165 Miller Creek...... 299, 346 Mirror Plateau...... 308, 309 394

Mist Creek...... 346 Mol Heron Creek...... 350 Molly Islands...... 293 Mt . Evans (CO)...... 1 Mt . Everts...... 327 Myriad Creek...... 21, 22, 42 Mystic Falls...... 140, 165 Nez Perce Valley and Creek...... 161, 165, 305 Observation Point...... 26, 53, 98, 103 Obsidian Cliff...... 315, 372 Obsidian Lake...... 315 Otter Creek...... 29, 34 Owl Canyon Pinon Grove (CO)...... 40, 41 Parker Peak...... 346 Pebble Creek...... 260 Pelican Creek...... 289 Pelican Meadows...... 152, 244 , 308, 309 Pitchstone Plateau...... 104, 157, 218, 314 Polecat Creek...... 178 Porcupine Hill...... 25-27 Queets River (ONP)...... 248 Rabbit Creek...... 56, 165 Rattlesnake Springs (CCNP)...... 68 Republic Pass...... 345, 348 Rogers Pass (Montana)...... 299 Rose Creek...... 298 Secret Valley...... 210, 215, 216 Sepulcher Mountain...... 317, 319 Shelf Lake...... 323 Shoshone Creek...... 24, 121, 124 Shoshone Lake..... 17, 23, 24, 43, 78, 121, 234, 253, 255, 364 Silvertip Peak...... 290 Slough Creek...... 264, 298, 303, 305, 307, 350 Snake River...... 176, 177, 201, 328 Snow Pass...... 334 Soda Butte...... 345, 346 Specimen Creek...... 323 Specimen Ridge...... 245, 323, 340, 350, 352 Sportsman Lake...... , 334, 350 Steamboat Point...... 245, 279 Summit Lake (CO)...... 1 Summit Lake (YNP)...... 25-27, 157, 165 Swan Lake...... 340, 341 Swan Lake Flats...... 340, 341, 343, 350 Terrace Mountain...... 334 The Needle...... 317, 321 The Snag 253, 254, 256, 257, 259, 271, 277 The Thunderer...... 302, 345 395

Thorof are...... 294 Timber Creek...... 346 Timothy Creek...... 326 Tower Creek and Falls...... 340 Trilobite Lake...... 350

Turbid Lake...... 286 -288 Twin Buttes...... 140, 152 Unnamed features...... 152, 156, 290, 346 Upper Kintla Lake (GNP).... .289, 291 Willow Creek...... 152 Wrong Creek...... 309, 311 Yellowstone Lake...... 2 , 78, 103, 237, 243, 244, 246- 250, 253, 254, 256, 258, 259, 270, 271, 275-277, 279, 284-286, 288, 289, 293-295 Yellowstone River...... 28, 146, 249, 279, 283, 334, 376 Yosemite Falls (YONP)...... 109 Yosemite Valley (YONP)..... 105, 107, 109, 110

HYDROTHERMAL BASINS & GROUPS Biscuit Basin.... ii, 17, 25 , 27, 28, 101, 104, 140, 161, 165, 179, 183, 193, 195, 210 Black Sand Basin...... 46 , 97, 101, 171, 192 Brimstone Basin...... 293, 295 Calcite Springs...... 334 Death Gulch...... 302, 308, 323 Geyser Creek...... 350 Geyser Hill..... 29, 53, 57, 88, 101, 118, 139, 142, 188, 200, 223, 224, 236 Gibbon Hill...... 152, 156 Heart Lake Geyser Basin.... . 328 Lower Geyser Basin..54, 101, 103, 140, 151, 152, 161, 166, 178

Midway Geyser Basin......

GEYSERS Beehive...... 130, 139, 142, 192, 229, 235 Castle...... 8 8 , 118, 130, 232, 236, 238 Daisy...... 118, 152, 206 Earthquake 178, 182 Excelsior...... 119 Fountain...... 46, 54, 55, 189 geyserite 30, 151, 152, 183, 188, 189, 191-193, 195 Giant 2, 237 Giantess...... 130, 139, 141, 171, 178, 196, 236, 237 Gibbon Hill...... 152 Grand 54, 8 8 , 118, 130, 132, 172, 175, 189, 196 Great Fountain 54, 57, 59-61, 96, 140 Grotto Fountain...... 145 Imperial...... 104, 140, 267, 268 Lion...... 130 Lone Star...... 30, 104, 121, 123, 138, 157, 161, 209, 234 Monument 5 6 Morning...... 54, 55, 83, 178, 189 Old Faithful iii, 42, 47, 48, 50, 87, 8 8 , 90, 91, 93, 96, 98, 116, 118, 122, 127, 128, 130, 134, 137, 139, 144, 165, 168, 172, 175, 188-190, 193, 194, 196, 198, 200, 206, 207, 217-219, 224, 230, 236, 237, 254, 267, 269, 333, 336, 377 Plume...... 130 Rabbit Creek 56, 378 Riverside...... 118, 130, 196 Rosette...... 30 Rustic...... 330 Sapphire (Geyser and Pool)....vii, 179, 183-185, 189, 191-193, 195-197, 236, 237 sinter...... 56, 101, 127, 179, 189, 192, 193, 315, 361 Splendid...... 189 Steamboat...... '317, 328, 329, 334, 356-362 White Dome...... 96

HOT SPRINGS algae 53, 54, 108, 137, 161, 165, 189, 288, 317 Artist Paintpots...... 156 bacteria...... 53, 54, 210, 293, 317 Black Dragon's Caldron...... 2, 376 Bonita Pool...... 219, 221 Brilliant Pool...... 152 Buffalo Pool...... 5 9 , 62 Cleopatra Terrace...... 333 Dante's Inferno...... 210, 214 Diamond Spring...... 5 9 , 62 Dragon's Mouth...... 244 Emerald Pool 4 6 397

Ephydra fly...... 225, 232 Evening Primrose Spring...... 210, 212, 213 Firehole Lake...... 96 Five Sisters...... 59, 63 Flat Cone...... 30 Gem Pool...... 178, 223, 224 Gentian Pool...... 178 Grand Prismatic Spring...... 54 Hot Lake...... 146, 148 Jupiter Terrace...... 87, 89 Liberty Cap 94 , 317 Lower Terraces (Mammoth)...... 317 Mammoth Hot Springs Terraces..... 79, 80, 87, 89, 94, 243, 315, 317, 333, 340, 342, 346, 347, 376 Minerva Terrace...... 346, 347 Morning Glory Pool...... 161, 163 Mound Spring Cone...... 30 Mud Volcano...... 249, 271 Ojo Caliente...... 30, 151 Poison Cave...... 315 Queen's Laundry...... 30, 318, 322 Sentinel Cone...... 30 Skeleton Pool...... 30 Stygian Cave...... 315 Sulpholobus (a single-celled microorganism)...... 210 Sunset Lake...... 25 Terrace Spring...... 334 Three Sisters...... 97, 100, 101 travertine...... 315, 317, 333 unnamed hot spring...... 152, 156 Upper Terraces (Mammoth)...... 315, 333, 376

FOREST FIRES Central Plateau...... 217 Coal Creek Fire (GNP)...... 152 Crags...... 246 Gallatin Divide...... 94 Lamar Horseshoe...... 299 Madison River...... 246 Miller Creek...... 217 Mountain Ash ...... 157 Promontory...... 246 Queets (ONP)...... 248 Stonetop Mountain...... 246 Summit Lake...... 217 Sunset Lake...... 17, 24, 28 Upper Kintla Lake (GNP) 289, 291 398

FIRE LOOKOUTS Divide Hill...... 24, 25, 171, 207, 208, 218 Mt . Holmes...... 24, 26, 350 Observation Peak...... 341 Porcupine...... 25, 26 Purple Mountain...... 24 Mt. Sheridan...... 24-27, 186, 330 Snake River...... 317, 320

PATROL CABINS Aster Creek...... 328 Berry (GTNP)...... 201, 202 Boundary Creek...... 157 Buffalo Lake...... 157 Buffalo Plateau...... 350 Cache Creek...... 302, 345 Cold Creek...... 299, 326 Fawn Pass...... 323 Fern Lake...... 309 Harebell...... 328 Heart Lake...... 186, 328, 330 Lower Blacktail...... 328 Lower Miller...... 299, 305 Nez Perce...... 165 Pelican...... 309, 346 Shoshone Geyser Basin....17, 30, 121, 157, 159, 166, 168, 199, 234, 253, 364, 365 Sportsman Lake...... 323 Upper Lamar...... 299 Upper Miller...... 299, 346 RANGER STATIONS Bechler...... 146, 157, 158, 166, 171, 186 Fishing Bridge...... ' 27 0 Lake 137, 250-254, 256, 257, 259, 270-273, 279, 285, 288, 293, 294, 377 Lamar 298-300, 304, 309, 310, 314 Old Faithful...... 15, 24, 25, 91, 97, 139, 151, 161, 224, 239 Snake River...... 176, 180, 196 Tower Falls...... 68, 84, 299, 303

ENTRANCE STATIONS East 222, 245, 249, 279, 293 North...... 78, 83, 138, 146, 312 Northeast...... 83, 84, 139, 146, 260, 299, 308, 312, 323 Snake River (South) .... 130, 153, 171, 172, 176, 177, 180, 186, 187, 202, 310, 312, 328, 350, 374 West Entrance...... 146, 177, 233, 234, 236, 312 399

MUSEUMS Fishing Bridge...... 243 Madison Junction...... 219 Mammoth...... 189, 236, 315, 340 Norris Geyser Basin...... 317, 350 Norris Ranger Museum...... 372 Old Faithful...... 29, 47-53, 57, 59, 87 , 91, 129, 236 Old Faithful museum courtyard...... 47 , 51, 236

RESIDENCES AND BUILDINGS Fort Yellowstone Commissioner's Office...... 94 Double Barracks...... 14 , 18 Engineer's Office...... 18 , 79 Front Row (House #4)...... 243, 314 Hospital...... 56, 151, 153, 293 Post Exchange (Canteen)...... 18, 327 Mammoth Apartment Building...... 78, 79, 83, 87 , 88. 374 Clinic...... 333 Fire Cache...... 14, 204, 241, 285 Post Office...... 18 Recreation Hall...... 83, 146, 172 Rock Garden House...... 327 Lake Apartments...... 243, 249, 279 Boat Dock...... 250, 279, 284 Mission 66 House...... 279 Ranger Station Residence...... 137, 250, 251, 253, 254, 256, 257, 259, 270-273, 279, 377 Old Faithful Apartment...... ___ 43, 57 , 87 Area Buildings Map...... 22 Concessioner Cabin Office and Girls' Dormitory (fire) . . .. . 15 Dog House...... 21, 22, 42, 43, 44 , 57, 103, 107 Fire Cache...... 15, 20, 21, 22 , 24, 103 Naturalist Quadraplex ...... 21, 22, 43, 45 , 66, 243, 314 Quarters 161...... 87, 88, 91 , 98 , 127, 145, 162, 203 Quarters 161A...... 105, 116, 143, 224 Quarters 161B....87, 90, 92, 93, 97, 99, 105, 115, 122, 126, 135, 136, 143, 152, 155, 188, 200, 231 , 333, 335 Ranger Dormitory...... 15, 19, 21, 22 , 43 Trailer Housing Area...... 96 Snake River Residence...... 176, 177, 180 , 187, 196, 243, 317 Stevens Creek (management area)...... 217, 298, 350 Yoseraite house trailer (YONP)...... 108, 109 400

VISITOR FACILITIES AND AREAS Bridge Bay 244, 245, 250, 270 Camp Curry (YONP) )...... 105, 107, 110 Canyon Hotel...... 29, 217 Canyon Lodge...... 29, 103 Firehole Village...... 103 Fountain Hotel...... 56, 103 Fishing Bridge Area 221, 244, 286, 294, 350 Fishing Bridge Boat Dock...... 244 Fishing Bridge Cafeteria...... 286 Grant Village...... 103 Haynes Photo Shops...... 88, 126, 278 Indian Creek Campground...... 323 Jackson Lake (Rockefeller) Lodge (GTNP)...... 323 Lake Hotel...... 244, 285, 288 Lake Lodge...... 244, 245, 286 Canyon Village...... 103 Mammoth...... 278 Old Faithful Campground.... 14, 28, 96, 147, 149, 150, 166, 167, 169, 209, 211, 244, 245 Inn...... 48, 88, 95, 97, 119, 139, 177, 178, 217, 223, 244 Highway bypass...... 103 Lodge...... 48, 88, 96, 97, 115, 119, 217 Lower Hamilton Store...... 57 Recreation Hall...... 48, 97 Upper Hamilton Store 15, 21, 22, 29, 42, 54, 56, 57, 126 Pelican Creek Campground 253, 289 Tower Falls Mission 66 Service Station...... 294 West Thumb...... 130, 138, 151, 177, 312

NATIONAL PARK AREAS (some of these areas were later reclassified) Antietam National Battlefield...... 367 Arches National Monument 4 0 Aztec Ruins National Monument...... 68 Badlands National Monument...... 40, 87 Big Bend National Park...... 69, 75, 113 Big Hole National Battlefield....157, 173, 223, 310, 312, 318, 326 Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area...... 367 Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Monument...... 40 Blue Ridge National Parkway 107, 113, 367 Bryce Canyon National Park 107, 113 Catoctin Mountain Park (Job Corps Center)...... 318 Chesapeake and Ohio (C & 0) Canal National Historical Park.367 Chaco Canyon National Monument...... 68 Colonial National Historical Park...... 69, 76, 113, 367 401

Colorado National Monument...... 40, 140 Denver National Park...... 1 Dinosaur National Monument...... 10, 13, 40, 43, 138-140, 171, 188, 366 Gettysburg National Military Park...... 303, 367 Glacier National Park (GNP) ii, 2, 6, 7, 68, 72, 113, 152, 253, 289, 291, 345, 350, 367, 372, 374 Grand Canyon National Park...... 278, 303, 366 Grand Teton National Park (GTNP)...15, 30, 171, 177, 196, 201, 202, 323, 328 Great Sand Dunes National Monument...... 40 Great Smoky Mountains National Park...... 113, 171 Guadalupe Mountains National Park...... 69 Harpers Ferry National Historical Park..... 363, 364, 366-368, 371, 372 Independence National Historical Park...... 367 Kings Canyon National Park 109, 113 Lake Mead National Recreation Area 267, 367 Lehman Caves National Monument 7 5 Lincoln Memorial...... 367 Mesa Verde National Park...... 40, 113 Millerton Lake National Recreation Area...... 109 Mt . McKinley (Denali) National Park...107, 113, 203, 303, 306, 325 Mt. Rushmore National Memorial...... 40, 201 Muir Woods...... 109 Olympic National Park...... 113, 248, 366 Perry's Victory National Monument...... 223 Rock Creek Park...... 367 Sequoia National Park...... 109, 113, 202, 278, 366 Shenandoah National Park...... 367 Walnut Canyon National Monument...... 303 Waterton Lakes National Park (AB, Canada)...... 2 Wind Cave National Park...... 40, 113, 201

MISCELLANEOUS Ashton Memorial Hospital...... 166, 222, 233, 234 Bannock Indian Trail...... 220, 315, 318, 346, 377, 378 baptism...... 89, 155 B-52 crash...... 314 campfire...... 2, 7, 53, 57, 88, 105, 220, 334, 340 Colorado A & M ...... viii, 4, 6, 7, 10, 12, 35, 41, 76 cone talk (Old Faithful)...... 48, 88 Constructive Aspects of Inaction...... 371, 379 Culver V aircraft crash...... 97, 100 Denver CO...... ii, 1, 2, 13, 17, 35, 40, 42, 59, 75, 78, 107, 138, 158, 177, 233, 244, 261,294, 355, 374 dogs...... 29, 196, 222, 236, 261, 288 402 drowning 201, 243, 249, 250, 285 earthquake...... 54, 57, 147, 165, 177-179, 181-184, 186, 189, 192, 195, 196, 210, 213-215, 222, 236, 237, 239 ecosystems...... v, vl, 102, 244, 293 evening campfire programs...... 2, 7, 29, 48, 53, 57 , n o , 220, 334, 339, 340

Evert ' s cairn...... 315

Firefall (YONP)).... .109, 110 fishing.... ii, 1, 2, 29, 30, 46, 56, 151, 222, 223, 249, 253, 334 Fishing Bridge (the Bridge)...... 244, 270, 274 , 279, 294 Foreshrv Club (Colorado A & Ml __ . . 10 Ft. Collins CO ...... 4 , 6, 40 Fountain Freight Roao . 104, 140, 267 Fungus Jungle ((YONP) )...... 108, 109 Gardiner MT..28, 78, 83, 97, 105, 118 , 263, 267, 328, 334, 356 generator...... 21, 22, 106 , 115, 146, 166, 188, 298 Geyser Hill Walk...... 29 , 53 ghost trees...... 121, 165, 166 Grand Loop Road..... 49, 87 , 96, 101, 138, 256 handcrank telephone.. 14, 24 , 97, 115, 146, 147 helicopter...... 17, 152, 157, 261, 262, 303, 305, , 307, 314 icicle trees...... 1 39 , 145, 172, 329, 360, 362 Jackson Hospital (WY) . 186 Jackson & Jackson Hoi e WY...130, 133, 171, 176, 177, 186, 187, 350 jail...... ___ 94-96, 288 Ladder of Success...... 72, 363 Leopold Committee.... , vi, 308, 345 Livingston Memorial Hospital.... 8 3 r 158, 186, 187, 309, 310, 333, 355 Livingston M T ....28, 78, 83, 97, 119, 146, 151, 158, 160, 186, 187, 278, 299, 309, 333, 355 master plans...... 126, 327, 332, 374 Mission 66...... iv, v, 21, 102- 104, 107, 243, 250, 279, 294, 326, 332, 366, 371, 372, 374 mystique...... ii, iii, iv, vi, 2, 47 , 324 -326, 367, 374 National Park Idea... .ii, v, v i , viii , 47, 109, 278, 318, 326, 367, 371, 374, 377, 379 natural area...... 4, 40 , 41, 325, 345, 379 naturalness...... v, 6 natural resource ethics...v, viii , 47 , 318, 324, 326, 346, 379 Nez Perce Indians.... 31 8 Old Faithful dry dump . 103, 188 patrol boats (Yellowstone Lake).. . .248 , 250 285 Phi Kappa Phi...... philosophy...... iii, iv, v, vi, 4, 71, 176, 308, 326, 371 403 plant identification team (Colorado A & M) ...... 10, 12, 35 Rabbit Creek Dump...... 28, 30, 56, 58, 147, 150, 151, 166 Ranger Conferences....83, 84, 85, 87, 146, 171, 172, 173, 203, 204, 239, 241, 267, 278, 279, 281, 310, 312, 333, 367 recreation....v, vi, viii, 4, 6 , 8 , 40, 41, 76, 103, 249, 308, 379 Reenactment of the Washburn-Langford-Doane camp at Madison Junction...... 53 Robbins Report...... 317, 318 rustic architecture..... 7, 20, 30, 45, 47, 57, 103, 104, 115, 188, 243, 342, 371, 372, 379 seismic network, seismographs (YNP)...... 323, 328, 350 Sheepeater Indians...... 315 ski patrol...116, 118, 121, 123, 140, 166, 171, 196, 199, 201, 202, 234, 267, 268, 299, 305, 308, 314, 328, 364 smokejumper 217, 218, 248, 289 Snow Survey Committee...... 138, 153 snowcoach (Bombardier)..... 105, 116, 118, 120, 139, 160, 165, 171, 192, 196, 202, 222-225, 233, 234, 236, 239 snowplane...... 101, 130, 133, 171, 201, 202, 236, 239, 328 snowplow 139, 171, 270, 272 Steven T. Mather Training Center, Harpers Ferry WV ...... 363, 364, 366-368, 371, 372 Tioga Road ( (YONP)...... 107, 376 tort claim...... 152 tourist...... 15, 29, 33, 8 8 , 96, 103, 105, 107, 109, 110, 165, 225, 234, 375 tour Leader (CCNP)...... 59, 6 6 , 68-72, 74 transfer... 43, 59, 6 6 , 6 8 , 69, 71, 72, 74-76, 83, 87, 94, 108, 138, 147, 176, 186, 193, 201, 202, 223, 237, 244, 248, 253, 267, 303, 306, 310, 314, 326, 332, 357, 363, 364, 366, 367, 372 Undine Hill Ski Area...... 266, 267, 309, 332, 357 Union Pacific Depot (West Yellowstone)...... 177 water supply...... 26, 137, 177, 333 Weasel(oversnow machine)....116, 118, 121, 138, 160, 161, 163, 165, 166, 192, 196, 202, 233, 234, 236, 260, 261, 263, 267, 308, 327, 328, 357 weather variables..... 6 , 14, 78, 97, 130, 140, 218, 233, 239, 240, 249, 263, 267, 298, 299, 302, 309, 314 West Yellowstone..... 26-29, 105, 111, 116, 118, 120, 130, 139, 158, 160, 165, 166, 171, 176-178, 188, 192, 196, 202, 217, 218, 222-225, 233, 234, 236, 239, 248, 289, 299, 312 wickiup...... 3 1 5 , 316 Xi Sigma Pi...... 6 , 40 Yellowstone Lake zoning...... 248, 249 Yellowstone Nature Notes...... 47, 56, 83, 220, 376-378 404

Yellowstone Park Company...ii, 42, 87, 95, 116, 118, 119, 138, 160, 192, 254, 270, 286 Yosemite Ranger School (Albright Training Center, Stephen T. Mather Session)..... 105, 107-110, 113, 116, 201, 366 1

Addendum 1. Time line for Memoirs Part 1. Abbreviations: R = Riley McClelland; P = Pat Truman until 1956, then Pat McClelland; RMNP = Rocky Mountain National Park, CO; YNP = Yellowstone National Park, WY; OF = Old Faithful; CCNP = Carlsbad Caverns National Park, NM; GNP = Glacier National Park, MT______Date Event

1949, 9-16 Aug R (14 yrs old) on summer trip with parents to YNP, set goal of becoming a ranger in YNP

1953, 6 Jan R enrolled in the School of Forestry and Range Management, Colorado A & M College, majoring in Forest Recreation, with advisor JVK Wagar

1953, summer, Attended Colorado A & M School of Forestry summer session 10 weeks at Pingree Park, CO

1954, 14 Jun-10 SepOn NPS trail crew, RMNP (laborer, salary $1.50 per hour)

1955,20 Jun-23 JunR on duty as NPS Fire Control Aide in YNP (GS-3, salary $2,950 per annum); training at Mammoth

1955,24 Jun After training in Mammoth, R assigned to Fire Guard position at OF; met P (cashier for Hamilton Stores at OF); R impressed with P’s earlv historv in YNP: 1939, P ’s first summer in YNP with her parents, P was 4 yrs old; subsequently, P spent the following summers in YNP: 1940 at Lake, 1941 at Canvon; 1942 and 1954 at OF— each summer, P’s father. Dr. Harry V. Truman, was an NPS Ranger-Naturalist; R & P shared many interests

1955,29 Jun OF building, housing the Tourist Cabin Office, Girl’s Dorm, and Laundry, destroyed by fire

1955,20 Sep R’s last day as Fire Control Aide at OF, heading back to senior year at Colorado A & M

1956, 8 Jun (R) R graduated with B.S. from Colorado A & M; P graduated 8 Jun (P) with B.S. from Ohio State University

1956, 12 Jun R and P wed in Denver, CO

1956, 18 Jun-28 SepOn duty as an NPS Ranger-Naturalist at OF (GS-4, salary $3,415 annum) 2

1956, 8 Oct Entered on duty at CCNP as Tour Leader (GS-4, salary 3,415 per annum)

1956, 8 Oct Received results of the U.S. Civil Service Commission Tour Leader Examination; rated eligible with a score of 93

1956, 31 Oct YNP Superintendent Edmund Rogers retired

1956, 1 Nov Lemuel Garrison appointed Superintendent of YNP

1956, 20 Nov Received results of the U.S. Civil Service Commission Examination, Park Ranger Option—rated eligible, score 96.4

1956, 16 Dec Converted to Career-Conditional Tour Leader Appointment at CCNP

1957,Jan R replied negatively to transfer inquiries from Death Valley National Monument and Colonial National Historical Park, ranger positions

1957, 8 Apr Entered on duty as Park Ranger, at Mammoth Hot Springs, YNP (GS-5 salary $3,670 per annum)

1957, 16 May R & P’s first child, Mary Teresa, bom in the Livingston Memorial Hospital

1957, 13-23 May Annual Ranger Conference, at Mammoth, R’s position eliminated by reorganization; hope was that someone would transfer, leaving a position open for R

1957,27 Jun YNP Ranger Guiton accepted a transfer

1957, 29 Jun Chief Ranger Brown informed R that he is assigned to OF

1957, 11 Jul R, P, and Mary T. moved to OF, residing in 161B, 500 feet from the Geyser

1957,21 Sep R, P, and Mary T. arrived in Yosemite Valley, where R attended the 3 month Steven Mather Session at the Albright Training Center

1957, 17 Dec R and family returned to OF for snowed-in winter assignment, residence 161B. One other ranger at OF, Robert Bums with wife Vivian and son Benny

1957, 18 Dec Road from West Yellowstone snowed closed for the winter

1958,26 Mar Snow plows arrived at OF 3

1958, 4 May Promoted from Park Ranger GS-5 to Park Ranger GS-7 (salary $4,525 per annum)

1958, 4—15 May Annual Ranger Conference, at Mammoth, R assignment to OF continued

1958, 13 June First son, Kevin Patrick, born in the old Fort Yellowstone Hospital, at Mammoth

1958, 1 1 Sep Winter assignments announced, R to remain at OF; other ranger to be Robert Perkins, wife Mary Lou, son Jim

1958, 27 Dec Road from West Yellowstone snowed closed for the winter

1959, 16 Apr Snow plows arrived at OF

1959, 4—8 May Annual Ranger Conference, at Mammoth, R assigned to Snake River (South) Entrance

1959, 29 May Moved to Snake River (South) Entrance

1959, 17 Aug Hebgen Lake Earthquake (7.1) occurred at 11:37 P.M., resulting in the death of 28 people outside of the Park

1959, 17 Aug and The earthquake resulted in eruptions of numerous hot springs subsequently and geysers; Sapphire Pool was particularly impressive, remained a major geyser through the winter

1959, 1 Oct Winter assignments announced, R to return to OF; other ranger to be Delmar Peterson, wife Barbara, daughter Susan

1959, 10 Oct Our third child, Jane Anne, bom in the Livingston Memorial Hospital

1959, 20 Nov R and family moved to OF for the winter

1959, 16 Dec Converted from Career-Conditional to Career Appointment

1960, 8 Jan Road from West Yellowstone snowed closed for the winter

1960, 11-18 Feb Dr. Vincent Schaefer, Atmospheric Scientist from the State University of New York made his first research trip to OF

1960,21 Mar Snow plows arrived at OF

1960,10-14 Apr Annual Ranger Conference, at Mammoth, R assigned to OF

1960, 6 Oct Winter assignments announced, R to remain at OF; other ranger to be Darrell Coe, with wife Jean and son Kenny 4

1960, 1 Dec Road from West Yellowstone snowed closed for the winter

1960, 20 Dec R declined transfer to Crater Lake National Park, naturalist position

1961,21 Jan Fourth child, Kerry Shawn, bom in the Ashton Idaho Hospital; out from OF via snowcoach for the birth, then back to OF

1961, 12 Mar R declined transfer to Dinosaur National Monument, naturalist position

1961,24 Mar Snow plows arrived at OF

1961, 10-14 Apr Annual Ranger Conference, at Mammoth, R assigned to Lake Yellowstone for summer, then to Mammoth for the winter

1961, 10 May Moved from OF to Lake

1961,2 Sep Steamboat Geyser, Norris Geyser Basin, rejuvenated after at least 20 years and possibly 50 years of dormancy

1961, 11 Dec Yellowstone Lake ice covered

1961,15 Dec Moved to Fort Yellowstone Front Row House, Mammoth; assigned to elk reduction

1962, 26 Mar Moved back to Lake

1962, 22-29 Apr Annual Ranger Conference, at Mammoth, R assigned to remain at Lake

1962, 12 May Mr. Yellowstone, Jack Ellis Haynes died

1962,21 May Ice gone on Yellowstone Lake

1962, 20 Sep Winter assignments announced, R to Lamar

1962, 9 Oct Moved to Lamar Ranger Station

1962, Nov R declined transfer offers to Gettysburg National Military Park, ranger position, and National Capital Parks, naturalist position

1962, 17 Dec R declined transfer offer to Walnut Canyon National Monument, ranger position

1963, 12 Jan Coldest temperature we experienced in YNP, minus 53.5 °F, at Lamar 5

1963, 23 Apr Fifth child, Terence Michael, born at Livingston Memorial Hospital

1963,22-26 Apr Annual Ranger Conference, at Mammoth

1963,28 Apr R promoted to the Naturalist Division as North District Naturalist, stationed at Mammoth (GS-9, salary $6,675 per annum)

1963, 5 May Moved to Fort Yellowstone Front Row House 4A, Mammoth

1963,24-26 Sep Assigned to NPS team providing security for President Kennedy at Jackson Lake Lodge, Grand Teton National Park

1963,20 Nov Moved to Mission 66 house (#382) with rock garden, near the new Mammoth elementary school

1964, 7 Jan NPS Director Conrad Wirth retired

1964, 9 Jan George Hartzog, Jr. appointed NPS Director

1964, 15 Feb YNP Superintendent Lon Garrison transferred to Midwest Regional Office as Director

1964, 3 Mar John McLaughlin appointed YNP Superintendent

1964, 13-17 Apr Annual Ranger Conference, at Mammoth, R assigned to patrol the OF area while rangers attend the Conference

1965,16 Feb Chief Naturalist Good informed R that the North District Naturalist position would be abolished; transfer to be arranged

1965, 11 Mar-1 MayAttended the Interpretive Methods Course at the Mather Training Center, Harpers Ferry, WVA, then back to YNP #382

1965, 5 Apr R informed that transfer would be to GNP as GS-9 Supervisory Park Naturalist

1965,20 May Moved from YNP to GNP Headquarters 1

Addendum 2. Part McClelland1. residences, 1955-1965. Riley McClelland = R; Pat McClelland = P; National Park Service = NPS; Yellowstone National Park = YNP; Old Faithful = OF; Carlsbad Caverns National Park = CCNP; Yosemite National Park = YONP DATES LOCATION & BUILDING DESCRIPTION & RENT

20 Jun 1955- YNP, Mammoth Fort Yellowstone R in 3-story barracks built in 1909, open dormitory room on the second 23 Jun 1955 Double Cavalry Barracks NPS #36 floor in 1955

24 Jun 1955- YNP, OF Ranger Dormitory NPS #164built in 1930, R shared room with Seasonal Ranger Joe Cammera; 20 Sep 1955 NPS razed the building circa 1969

18 Jun 1956- YNP, OF the "Dog House" R’s and P’s first home, an 11 ft by 13 ft frame cabin with a bed (no 26 Aug 1956 NPS Cabin #1 frame, small cookstove (wood), one electric outlet and one electric light from a plugin in the ceiling, small table, two chairs, outhouse (used by 11 people), water outside at a tap (used by 2 families); NPS razed the building circa 1969; rent = $4 per 2 weeks

27 Aug 1956- YNP, OF, near the trailer court NPS frame triplex built in 1949; we were in the west unit; oil heater, running 29 Sep 1956 Apartment #258-C water! and windows above bear eye-level; $11.50 per 2 weeks

8 Oct 1956- Carlsbad, NM, 606 West Hagerman, quadraplex apartment,(2 upstairs and 2 downstairs); we were in the east 22 Dec 1956 in town Apartment upstairs unit; $21 per 2 weeks

23 Dec 1956- CCNP Headquarters area duplex built of native limestone in 1932, one bedroom; R and P in the 30 Mar 1957 NPS #14B west unit; $9.50 per 2 weeks

7 Apr 1957- YNP, Mammoth NPS #70Q apartment building built in 1936, R, P, and soon Mary T. in upstairs 1 0 Jul 1957 apartment, SW corner; $13.00 per 2 weeks 2

11 Jul 1957- YNP, OF NPS # 161B R, P, and Mary T. in log museum building built in 1921, 500 feet from 15 Sep 1957 OF Geyser, converted into a two-family duplex after 1930; we were in the north side, nearest the geyser; large stone fireplace, view of OF Geyser and Geyser Hill, razed by the NPS in October 1970 $8.50 per 2 weeks

21 Sep 1957- YONP, Yosemite Valley R, P, and Mary T. in Concessioner tent top; $6.75 per night 22 Sep 1957

23 Sep 1957- YONP, Yosemite Valley R, P, and Mary Teresa in Concessioner cabin; $5.50 per night 4 Oct 1957

5 Oct 1957- YONP Yosemite Valley; the trailer transported from Lassen Volcanic Park, at trainee expense; oil 14 Dec 1957 NPS trailer heat, walls covered with fungus because of high humidity in the trailer park area (Camp 7); $28 per 2 weeks for trailer & continued to pay $8.50 per 2 weeks for #161B at OF

17 Dec 1957- YNP, OF back to NPS#161B $8.50 per 2 weeks; $9.50 per 2 weeks after 9 Nov 1958 29 May 1959

29 May 1959- YNP, Snake River (South) Entrance Built in 1941, a large two-story frame duplex with 2 units, both with an 19 Nov 1959 NPS #21 IB upstairs and downstairs, an office room between the front part of the two units; we were in the north unit; diesel generator power, coal furnace in the basement, coal/wood kitchen range $18 per 2 weeks

20 Nov 1959- YNP, OF; back to NPS #161B $9.50 per 2 weeks; $12.50 after 9 Jul 1960 9 May 1961 3

10 May 1961- YNP, Lake NPS apartment #709H “Mission 66" two-bedroom apartment, east end unit, nearest the NPS 14 Sep 1961 maintenance garages, at the same time we moved most of our furniture into apartment #4A in Mammoth; we paid rent for the Mammoth quarters, not the Lake quarters; $21.50 per 2 weeks

15 Sep 1961- YNP, Lake. Ranger Station Quarters log quarters attached to the historic log ranger station, built in 1922, 15 Dec 1961 #191A with the main highway 30 feet in front of the building and Yellowstone Lake immediately across the highway; we continued to pay rent for the Mammoth quarters, not the Lake quarters $21.50 per 2 weeks

16 D ec 1961- YNP, Mammoth, Front Row, Officer's two-bedroom apartment upstairs (NW) in a stone and frame quadraplex 26 Mar 1962 Quarters from Fort Yellowstone #4A built in 1893; $21.50 per 2 weeks

27 Mar 1962- YNP, Lake, NPS; back to #191A we continued to pay rent for the Mammoth quarters, not the Lake 1 May 1962 quarters; $21.50 per 2 weeks

2 M ay 1962- YNP, Lake NPS #708 “Mission 66" three-bedroom house, near the maintenance yard; we paid 8 Oct 1962 rent for the Mammoth quarters, but not the Lake quarters; $21.50 per 2 weeks

9 Oct 1962- YNP, Lamar Ranger Station and log and frame house built in 1915, magnificent view of Lamar Valley; 4 May 1963 residence NPS #106 $16.00 per 2 weeks

5 May 1963- YNP, Mammoth NPS #4A back to the upstairs apartment in the old Fort Yellowstone quadraplex; 19 Nov 1963 $21.50 per 2 weeks; $27.50 after 6 Jul 1963

20 Nov 1963- YNP, Mammoth NPS #382 "Mission 66" house near the elementary school; three-bedroom, with a 10 M ar 1965 beautiful rock garden and spectacular views of Mt. Everts, Sepulcher, and others. This would have been our home for the rest of our NPS career if we had the choice; $38.00 per 2 weeks; $39.35 after 4 Jan 1964 4

11 Mar 1965- Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, Mather R had a single room in a historic stone college dormitory (Storer 1 May 1965 Training Center, a NPS Interpretive College’s Cook Hall, built in 1929); during this time, P and the children Training facility lived with her parents, in Granville, OH; we continued to pay rent for NPS YNP #382; $39.35 per 2 weeks

2 May 1965- YNP, Mammoth - back to NPS #382 $39.35 per 2 weeks 19 May 1965