Learning About Commands
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UNIX Workshop Series: Quick-Start Objectives
Part I UNIX Workshop Series: Quick-Start Objectives Overview – Connecting with ssh Command Window Anatomy Command Structure Command Examples Getting Help Files and Directories Wildcards, Redirection and Pipe Create and edit files Overview Connecting with ssh Open a Terminal program Mac: Applications > Utilities > Terminal ssh –Y [email protected] Linux: In local shell ssh –Y [email protected] Windows: Start Xming and PuTTY Create a saved session for the remote host name centos.css.udel.edu using username Connecting with ssh First time you connect Unix Basics Multi-user Case-sensitive Bash shell, command-line Commands Command Window Anatomy Title bar Click in the title bar to bring the window to the front and make it active. Command Window Anatomy Login banner Appears as the first line of a login shell. Command Window Anatomy Prompts Appears at the beginning of a line and usually ends in $. Command Window Anatomy Command input Place to type commands, which may have options and/or arguments. Command Window Anatomy Command output Place for command response, which may be many lines long. Command Window Anatomy Input cursor Typed text will appear at the cursor location. Command Window Anatomy Scroll Bar Will appear as needed when there are more lines than fit in the window. Command Window Anatomy Resize Handle Use the mouse to change the window size from the default 80x24. Command Structure command [arguments] Commands are made up of the actual command and its arguments. command -options [arguments] The arguments are further broken down into the command options which are single letters prefixed by a “-” and other arguments that identify data for the command. -
CIS 90 - Lesson 2
CIS 90 - Lesson 2 Lesson Module Status • Slides - draft • Properties - done • Flash cards - NA • First minute quiz - done • Web calendar summary - done • Web book pages - gillay done • Commands - done • Lab tested – done • Print latest class roster - na • Opus accounts created for students submitting Lab 1 - • CCC Confer room whiteboard – done • Check that headset is charged - done • Backup headset charged - done • Backup slides, CCC info, handouts on flash drive - done 1 CIS 90 - Lesson 2 [ ] Has the phone bridge been added? [ ] Is recording on? [ ] Does the phone bridge have the mike? [ ] Share slides, putty, VB, eko and Chrome [ ] Disable spelling on PowerPoint 2 CIS 90 - Lesson 2 Instructor: Rich Simms Dial-in: 888-450-4821 Passcode: 761867 Emanuel Tanner Merrick Quinton Christopher Zachary Bobby Craig Jeff Yu-Chen Greg L Tommy Eric Dan M Geoffrey Marisol Jason P David Josh ? ? ? ? Leobardo Gabriel Jesse Tajvia Daniel W Jason W Terry? James? Glenn? Aroshani? ? ? ? ? ? ? = need to add (with add code) to enroll in Ken? Luis? Arturo? Greg M? Ian? this course Email me ([email protected]) a relatively current photo of your face for 3 points extra credit CIS 90 - Lesson 2 First Minute Quiz Please close your books, notes, lesson materials, forum and answer these questions in the order shown: 1. What command shows the other users logged in to the computer? 2. What is the lowest level, inner-most component of a UNIX/Linux Operating System called? 3. What part of UNIX/Linux is both a user interface and a programming language? email answers to: [email protected] 4 CIS 90 - Lesson 2 Commands Objectives Agenda • Understand how the UNIX login • Quiz operation works. -
Unix Command Line; Editors
Unix command line; editors Karl Broman Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, UW–Madison kbroman.org github.com/kbroman @kwbroman Course web: kbroman.org/AdvData My goal in this lecture is to convince you that (a) command-line-based tools are the things to focus on, (b) you need to choose a powerful, universal text editor (you’ll use it a lot), (c) you want to be comfortable and skilled with each. For your work to be reproducible, it needs to be code-based; don’t touch that mouse! Windows vs. Mac OSX vs. Linux Remote vs. Not 2 The Windows operating system is not very programmer-friendly. Mac OSX isn’t either, but under the hood, it’s just unix. Don’t touch the mouse! Open a terminal window and start typing. I do most of my work directly on my desktop or laptop. You might prefer to work remotely on a server, instead. But I can’t stand having any lag in looking at graphics. If you use Windows... Consider Git Bash (or Cygwin) or turn on the Windows subsystem for linux 3 Cygwin is an effort to get Unix command-line tools in Windows. Git Bash combines git (for version control) and bash (the unix shell); it’s simpler to deal with than Cygwin. Linux is now accessible in Windows 10, but you have to enable it. If you use a Mac... Consider Homebrew and iTerm2 Also the XCode command line tools 4 Homebrew is a packaging system; iTerm2 is a Terminal replacement. The XCode command line tools are a must for most unixy things on a Mac. -
Unix/Linux Command Reference
Unix/Linux Command Reference .com File Commands System Info ls – directory listing date – show the current date and time ls -al – formatted listing with hidden files cal – show this month's calendar cd dir - change directory to dir uptime – show current uptime cd – change to home w – display who is online pwd – show current directory whoami – who you are logged in as mkdir dir – create a directory dir finger user – display information about user rm file – delete file uname -a – show kernel information rm -r dir – delete directory dir cat /proc/cpuinfo – cpu information rm -f file – force remove file cat /proc/meminfo – memory information rm -rf dir – force remove directory dir * man command – show the manual for command cp file1 file2 – copy file1 to file2 df – show disk usage cp -r dir1 dir2 – copy dir1 to dir2; create dir2 if it du – show directory space usage doesn't exist free – show memory and swap usage mv file1 file2 – rename or move file1 to file2 whereis app – show possible locations of app if file2 is an existing directory, moves file1 into which app – show which app will be run by default directory file2 ln -s file link – create symbolic link link to file Compression touch file – create or update file tar cf file.tar files – create a tar named cat > file – places standard input into file file.tar containing files more file – output the contents of file tar xf file.tar – extract the files from file.tar head file – output the first 10 lines of file tar czf file.tar.gz files – create a tar with tail file – output the last 10 lines -
Mandoc: Becoming the Main BSD Manual Toolbox
mandoc: becoming the main BSD manual toolbox BSDCan 2015, June 13, Ottawa Ingo Schwarze <[email protected]> Cynthia Livingston’sOTTB “Bedifferent” (c) 2013 C. Livingston (with permission) > Ingo Schwarze: mandoc page 2: INTROI BSDCan 2015, June 13, Ottawa Brief history of UNIX documentation • The key point: All documentation in one place and one format. Easy to find, uniform and easy to read and write. Be correct, complete, concise. • 1964: RUNOFF/roffmarkup syntax by Jerome H. Saltzer,MIT. Unobtrusive,diff(1)-friendly,easy to hand-edit, simple tools, high quality output. • 1971: Basic manual structure by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie for the AT&T Version 1 UNIX manuals, Bell Labs. • 1979: man(7) physical markup language for AT&T Version 7 UNIX. • 1989: mdoc(7) semantic markup by Cynthia Livingston for 4.3BSD-Reno. Powerful, self-contained, portable. • 1989: GNU troffbyJames Clarke. • 2001: mdoc(7) rewrite by Werner Lemberg and Ruslan Ermilovfor groff-1.17. • 2008: mandoc(1) started by Kristaps Dzonsons. • 2010: mandoc(1) is the only documentation formatter in the OpenBSD base system. • 2014: mandoc(1) used by default in OpenBSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD, illumos. 16:19:30 What is the mandoc toolbox? → < > Ingo Schwarze: mandoc page 3: INTROIIBSDCan 2015, June 13, Ottawa What is the mandoc toolbox? User perspective:man(1), the manual viewer One comprehensive tool! Normal operation always proceeds in three steps: 1. Find one or more manuals in the file system or using a database by manual name — man(1) — or by search query — apropos(1) =man -k The result of this step can be printed out with man -w. -
R for Beginners
R for Beginners Emmanuel Paradis Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution´ Universit´e Montpellier II F-34095 Montpellier c´edex 05 France E-mail: [email protected] I thank Julien Claude, Christophe Declercq, Elo´ die Gazave, Friedrich Leisch, Louis Luangkesron, Fran¸cois Pinard, and Mathieu Ros for their comments and suggestions on earlier versions of this document. I am also grateful to all the members of the R Development Core Team for their considerable efforts in developing R and animating the discussion list `rhelp'. Thanks also to the R users whose questions or comments helped me to write \R for Beginners". Special thanks to Jorge Ahumada for the Spanish translation. c 2002, 2005, Emmanuel Paradis (12th September 2005) Permission is granted to make and distribute copies, either in part or in full and in any language, of this document on any support provided the above copyright notice is included in all copies. Permission is granted to translate this document, either in part or in full, in any language provided the above copyright notice is included. Contents 1 Preamble 1 2 A few concepts before starting 3 2.1 How R works . 3 2.2 Creating, listing and deleting the objects in memory . 5 2.3 The on-line help . 7 3 Data with R 9 3.1 Objects . 9 3.2 Reading data in a file . 11 3.3 Saving data . 14 3.4 Generating data . 15 3.4.1 Regular sequences . 15 3.4.2 Random sequences . 17 3.5 Manipulating objects . 18 3.5.1 Creating objects . -
A Brief Introduction to Unix-2019-AMS
A Brief Introduction to Linux/Unix – AMS 2019 Pete Pokrandt UW-Madison AOS Systems Administrator [email protected] Twitter @PTH1 Brief Intro to Linux/Unix o Brief History of Unix o Basics of a Unix session o The Unix File System o Working with Files and Directories o Your Environment o Common Commands Brief Intro to Unix (contd) o Compilers, Email, Text processing o Image Processing o The vi editor History of Unix o Created in 1969 by Kenneth Thompson and Dennis Ritchie at AT&T o Revised in-house until first public release 1977 o 1977 – UC-Berkeley – Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) o 1983 – Sun Workstations produced a Unix Workstation o AT&T unix -> System V History of Unix o Today – two main variants, but blended o System V (Sun Solaris, SGI, Dec OSF1, AIX, linux) o BSD (Old SunOS, linux, Mac OSX/MacOS) History of Unix o It’s been around for a long time o It was written by computer programmers for computer programmers o Case sensitive, mostly lowercase abbreviations Basics of a Unix Login Session o The Shell – the command line interface, where you enter commands, etc n Some common shells Bourne Shell (sh) C Shell (csh) TC Shell (tcsh) Korn Shell (ksh) Bourne Again Shell (bash) [OSX terminal] Basics of a Unix Login Session o Features provided by the shell n Create an environment that meets your needs n Write shell scripts (batch files) n Define command aliases n Manipulate command history n Automatically complete the command line (tab) n Edit the command line (arrow keys in tcsh) Basics of a Unix Login Session o Logging in to a unix -
College Holiday : May 24
Sp21 CIS -18A-41Z: Introduction to Linux/Unix Midterm ONE: Apr 28, Midterm TWO: May 26 , Finals: Jun 21 CENSUS DATE: Apr 19 College Holiday : May 24 Assignment Due dates : Apr 12,19,26, May 3,10,17,25,31, Jun 7,14 No Makeups for any of the above. If you miss, you lose points. Plan accordingly. (Zoom, synchronous M/W, 6PM - 7 PM - Window ) (See http://www.deanza.edu/calendar/finalexams.html) Instructor communicates with student ONLY. • Zoom lectures attendance is not mandatory. Sessions will be recorded and shared in Canvas. • Students need to take midterms and finals -in-the-alloted-time-date. If student does not show up for midterm/finals then 0 points. • FINALS will be on Jun 21, via CANVAS. All times PDT. • If you have questions on assignment grade, email me and we will discuss and resolve it. Any feedback about your work is going to be via email M/W 6 thru 750PM • Do not use Shell programming/Sed/Awk/Perl/Python/Posix expressions for this class in your assignments. Stick to Syllabus. Refer to CANVAS for assignments ! College academic Calendar:Spring 2021 http://deanza.fhda.edu/calendar/springdates.html Instructor Information • Name: Lalitha Krishnamurthy • Email: krishnamurthylalitha at fhda dot edu • Email only in canvas please. • Online Lab Hours: Wednesdays 845pm - 10pm (via Canvas) • Office Hours: Available via synchronous zoom: Mondays 830-930pm PDT. • Lecture timings for CIS18A : M/W 6 PM - 750 PM - Online/Zoom via CANVAS Students, please read the following and plan accordingly • All communication with instructor is via Canvas for assignments and quizzes. -
Introduction to Unix Part I: the Essentials
Introduction to Unix Part I: The Essentials Frederick J Tan Bioinformatics Research Faculty Carnegie Institution of Washington, Department of Embryology 9 April 2013 Unix, Linux, Ubuntu, Oh My! 2 A Three Hour Tour Part I: The Essentials client-server model, command-line interface, navigation, viewing files, searching, finding help Part II: Special Topics account settings, multi-tasking, programming, installing programs, file systems, system administration 3 The Awesome Power of the Client-Server Model 4 A Tale of Two Interfaces Command Line Graphical Terminal.app, Unix shell Finder.app, Galaxy breadth, cutting-edge discovery, visualization 5 Running Programs Using the Command-Line Interface command-line graphical type in the name of the to run a program program and hit <ENTER> double click on an icon (e.g. bowtie2) type in options after the program, to modify how a click on check boxes, before hitting <ENTER> program operates select from pull-down menus (e.g. bowtie2 --very-sensitive) 6 The Anatomy of a Shell Prompt workshop@ubuntu:~$ The text in between the colon (:) The $ symbol indicates The symbol and the dollar sign ($) indicates that the server is ready to indicates where what what directory you are in. perform a command. you type in will appear. /home/workshop$ $ ssh [email protected] 7 Task 1: Connect to your server and start top with -i option Start VirtualBox Start Ubuntu Secure SHell $ ssh [email protected] <ENTER> <SPACE> Shell Prompt /home/workshop$ <TAB> Start top -i $ top -i <CTRL> <UP> <DOWN> 8 Task 2: Figure -
Linux Command Guide Echo Man Apropos
Linux Command Guide - Logan - For this guide, I will try to start simple and work my way up to the more complicated topics using layman terms. From echo, to scripting. echo The echo command is very simple, yet very powerful as you'll eventually come to learn. Simply type echo, followed by whatever you want to be echoed, and the command will echo it back at you. Example: Man If you don't know any other command, you should at least know man. Man is short for manual and it's a command used to retrieve some help and documentation (manual pages) on various BASH commands for learning. To use it, simply type man followed by the name of the command about which you are interested in learning. For example: man echo will retrieve the manual page for the grep command for your endless reading pleasure. Apropos The man pages have short descriptions that you can search using the command apropos. If you have a very basic idea of what the command you're looking for does, but aren't sure what it's called, you can type apropos, followed by a word associated with the function of the command to find it. For example: This shows a list of short man page descriptions that contain the keyword “who”. Info / pinfo The info command is a lot like the man command, except it will often retrieve more detailed help than that found in the man pages. It is used in the same way as the man command. Info is also more relevant to GNU based utilities, and sometimes, if you can't find a man page for a command, you can find the info for it. -
Linux File System and Linux Commands
Hands-on Keyboard: Cyber Experiments for Strategists and Policy Makers Review of the Linux File System and Linux Commands 1. Introduction Becoming adept at using the Linux OS requires gaining familiarity with the Linux file system, file permissions, and a base set of Linux commands. In this activity, you will study how the Linux file system is organized and practice utilizing common Linux commands. Objectives • Describe the purpose of the /bin, /sbin, /etc, /var/log, /home, /proc, /root, /dev, /tmp, and /lib directories. • Describe the purpose of the /etc/shadow and /etc/passwd files. • Utilize a common set of Linux commands including ls, cat, and find. • Understand and manipulate file permissions, including rwx, binary and octal formats. • Change the group and owner of a file. Materials • Windows computer with access to an account with administrative rights The Air Force Cyber College thanks the Advanced Cyber Engineering program at the Air Force Research Laboratory in Rome, NY, for providing the information to assist in educating the general Air Force on the technical aspects of cyberspace. • VirtualBox • Ubuntu OS .iso File Assumptions • The provided instructions were tested on an Ubuntu 15.10 image running on a Windows 8 physical machine. Instructions may vary for other OS. • The student has administrative access to their system and possesses the right to install programs. • The student’s computer has Internet access. 2. Directories / The / directory or root directory is the mother of all Linux directories, containing all of the other directories and files. From a terminal users can type cd/ to move to the root directory. -
Great Lakes Cheat Sheet Less File Prints Content of File Page by Page Guide to General L Inux (Bash) a Nd S Lurm C Ommands Head File Print First 10 Lines of File
Viewing and editing text files cat file Print entire content of file Great Lakes Cheat Sheet less file Prints content of file page by page Guide to general L inux (Bash) and S lurm c ommands head file Print first 10 lines of file tail file Print last 10 lines of file Accessing Great Lakes nano Simple, easy to use text editor Logging in from a terminal (Duo required) vim Minimalist yet powerful text editor ssh uniqname @greatlakes.arc-ts.umich.edu emacs Extensible and customizable text editor Transferring files between Great Lakes and your system scp input uniqname@ greatlakes-xfer.arc-ts.umich.edu: output Advanced file management scp -r i nput uniqname@ greatlakes-xfer.arc-ts.umich.edu:o utput scp uniqname@ greatlakes-xfer.arc-ts.umich.edu:i nput output chmod Change read/write/execute permissions which cmd List the full file path of a command GUI Clients PuTTY SSH client for Windows whereis cmd List all related file paths (binary, source, manual, etc.) of a command WinSCP SCP client for Windows du dir List size of directory and its subdirectories FileZilla FTP client for Windows, Mac, and Linux find Find file in a directory Basic Linux file management Aliases and system variables man command Display the manual page for command alias Create shortcut to command pwd Print out the present working directory env Lists all environment variables ls List the files in the current directory export var = val Create environment variable $ var with value ls -lh Show long, human-readable listing val ls dir List files inside directory dir echo $var Print the value of variable $var rm file Delete file .bashrc File that defines user aliases and variables mkdir dir Create empty directory called dir Input and output redirection rmdir dir Remove empty directory dir $( command) Runs command first, then inserts output to the rm -r dir Remove directory dir and all contents rest of the overall command cd dir Change working directory to dir < Standard input redirection cd .