ANNALS OF MEDICAL HISTORY CONTENTS: NEW SERIES, VOLUME VII PAGE \\ illiam \\ ood Gerhard...... William Sbainline Middleton I Medicine in Charlestown in 1750-1775 .... Joseph Ioor Waring ... 19 Evolution of the Concept of Fever in the iqth Century...... H. M. Winans .... 27 Historic Backgrounds of Orthopedic Surgery . . Walter G. Stuck .... 36 Infant Welfare Laws in France in the i8th Century T. G. H. Drake . 49 The Millennium of Ar-Razi (Rhazes)...... L. M. Sadi...... 62 A Treatise on the Bezoar Stone by the Late Mahmud bin Masud the Imad-ul-din...... Cyril Elgood...... 73 Ancient Medicine in Modern PersiaH.. A. Licbtwardt .... 81 St. Francis and Medieval MedicineEdward. F. Hartung ... 85 Robert Koch: An American Tribute...... Lawrason Brown . 99, 292, 385 Bidloo and Cowper, Anatomists...... Fenwick Beekman. . . . 113 Thomas Addison and His Discovery of Idiopathic Anemia...... Esmond R. Long . . . . 130 Johannes Lange of Heidelberg...... Ralph H. Major . . . . 133 Dr. Charles Caldwell...... A. H. Barkley...... 141 La Fayette Guild...... Emmett B. Carmichael . . 147 Gerrit Parmelee Judd, Surgeon and Diplomat of the Sandwich Islands...... Francis J. Halford . . . 156 Stephen Elliott...... John Hampton Hocb . . . 164 Edward Purcell, the First Physician in Minnesota. John M. Armstrong . . . 169 The Blood Letting Controversy in the Nineteenth Century...... B. M. Randolph . . . . 177 A Short Historical Sketch of Osteomyelitis. . . Justus C. Pickett . . . . 183 Medicine in the Romance of Petronius .... Evan T. Sage...... 192 Additional Paleopathological Evidence of Paget’s Disease...... Alton K. Fisher . . . . 197 Dr. Benjamin Winslow Dudley...... Waller 0. Bullock. . . . 201 The Medical School at Padua and the Renaissance of Medicine...... Arturo Castiglioni . . . 214 A Short Review of the Development of Medical Education and Schools of Medicine .... Eileen R. Cunningham . . 228 Birth of the First Independent Proprietary Medical School in New England, at Castleton, Vermont, in 1818...... Frederick C. Waite . . . 242 Claude Bernard as a Dramatist...... J. M. D. Olmsted. . . . 253 A Short History of Iron Therapy...... Leonard J. Goldwater. . . 261 Madstones...... Wyndham B. Blanton . . 268 Fact and Fiction in the Names and Titles of Para­ celsus...... Robert E. Schlueter . . . 274 History of Jewish Physicians in the United States. Sydney M. Simon . . . 285 William Bull, m.d...... Eleanor Winthrop Townsend 311 Hugh Williamson, m.d...... E. A. Hines, Jr...... 323 Medical Writers of Thirteenth Century England. J. C. Russell...... 327 John Locke...... Edgar A. Singer, Jr. . . 341 Disease and History...... David A. Stewart. . . . 351 Galileo Galilei...... Leopold Vaccaro .... 372 CONTENTS PAGE A French Epidemiologist of the Sixteenth Century E. W. Goodall...... 409 Galen’s Writings and Influences Inspiring Them (Part hi)...... Joseph Walsb . . 428, 570 Roziere de la Chassagne and the Early History of Percussion of the Thorax...... George Dock...... 438 A History of the Development of the Technique of Herniotomy...... Edmund Andrews . . . 451 Sir Thomas Browne and the Disease Called the Morgellons...... C. E. Kellett...... 4.67 Early Medical Magazines in America...... Henry Burnell Shafer . . 480 Therapy in Gonorrhea: An Historical Review . . H. L. Webrbein .... 492 James Clarke White, the First Professor of Der­ matology in America...... Paul E. Bechet .... 503 Some Account of David Samwell, Welsh Surgeon, Eye-witness of the Murder of Captain Cook . D. F. Fraser-Harris . . . 509 Grecian Athletic Training in the Third Century a.d. Burgess Gordon .... 513 Shakespeare’s Medical Knowledge; a Study in Criti­ cism ...... Irving I. Edgar . . . . 519 Conan Doyle...... Arthur S. McNalty . . . 532 Samuel Jackson...... William S. Middleton . . 538 Depressed Fracture and Trephining of the Skull by the Incas of Peru...... Judson Daland .... 550 William Coward, m.d...... Burton Chance .... 559 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PORTRAITS MISCELLANEOUS ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE PAGE Asclepiades...... 571 “La Nourrice,” Normandie . . 51 Baillou, Guillaume de Cover No. 5, 410 Law, Bearing Signature of Dan- Bidloo, Godfried . Cover No. 2, 114 ton, Placing at Liberty All Browne, Sir Thomas Frontispiece No. 4 Those Imprisoned for Failure Caldwell, Charles...... 143 to Pay Wet Nursing Fees . 55 Cowper, \\ illiam Frontispiece No. 2, 116 Foundlings’Hospital .... 56 Dioscorides...... 577 “The Last Kiss’’ Deposition of Dudley, Benjamin Winslow . . 202 AN Infant at a Foundling Hos- Elliott, Stephen...... 165 pital 57 Erasistratus...... 571 Headband from Fabricius d’Ac- Fracastoro . . . Cover No. 3, 216 quapendente: Opera Chir- Galilei, Galileo. . . . Cover No. 4 urgiche...... 92, 590 Gerhard, \\ illiam \\ ood Cover No. 1, 3 Headband from Erastus: Varia Guild, La Fayette...... 148 Opuscula Medica...... 99 erophilus...... 577 Allegorical Title Page from Jackson, Samuel...... 539 Bidloo’s Anatomy...... 114 Judd, Gerrit Parmalee . . 157 Plate from Bidloo’s Anatomy, Otto Heinrich, Elector Palatine 136 c m r> r? Showing Muscles of Back . . 115 Purcell, Edward v...... 170 „ „ , . y Rufus of Ephesus...... 577 Plate from B.dloo s Anatomy, an White, James C...... Exemplification of the Artist s Frontispiece No. 6, 504, 506 Exactness . . . 115 Williamson, Hugh...... Plate Showing Lairesse s Artis- TIC 1 ENDENCIES...... Il6 frontispiece No. 4, 324 n . Shield from the Allegorical MISCELLANEOUS ILLUSTRATIONS Title Page of Cowper’s Anat' OMY...... I 19 Office of Nurses Frontispiece No. 1, 54 Tracing of Watermark Which Headband from Petrus Francis- Appears in All Paper Making cus Phrygius: Commentarii. i, 503 up Pages of Bidloo’s and Cow- Pennsylvania Hospital ... 5 per’s Anatomies...... 129 Philadelphia Almshouse, 1767- Frontispiece to Lange’s “Epis- 1834...... 10 TOLARUM MeDICINALIUm” . . I34 Philadelphia Almshouse, 1840 . 12 Title Page of Lange’s “Epis- William Wood Gerhard’s Di- tolarum Medicinalium” . . 134 ploma...... 13 Heidelberg before the Thirty Earliest Splints Applied to Frac- Years War...... 135 tured Femur...... 37 Page from Dr. Judd’s Treatment Earliest Illustration Extant of Book...... 158 Surgeons at Work .... 37 Cover for Dr. Judd’s Anatomy . 158 Cerate Bandage Described by List of Engravings in Dr. Judd’s Hippocrates...... 38 Anatomy...... 159 Reduction of Gibbosity of Spine Prehistoric Indian Tibia, Show- by Scamnum...... 39 ing Evidence of Paget’s Dis- SuCCUSSION ON A LADDER FOR DlS- EASE...... 198 LOCATION OF SPINE...... 40 UNIVERSITY OF PaDUA, MAIN En- Early French Law Proclamation trance . . .Frontispiece No. 3, 219 on Infant Welfare .... 50 Headband from Schurigio: Lith- “La Nourrice,” a Chelsea Porce- ologic Historico-Medica . . 201 lain Group...... 50 Anatomical Theater in Padua, LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

MISCELLANEOUS ILLUSTRATIONS MISCELLANEOUS ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE PAGE Built for Fabrizio d’Acqua- Continuation of Table and Part pendente...... 217 of Table of Contents of the Hall of the University of Padua 221 Translation of Auenbrugger . 440 Title Page of Claude Bernard’s Title Page of Roziere’s Trans­ Drama, “Arthur de Bretagne” 254 lation of “Inventum Novum” . 442 Micou Madstone, Long Used in Ettmuller’s Plate Showing Para­ Vicinity of Tappahannock, Vir- SITe in Disease Called the giNIA,...... 271 Morgellons...... 468 Steven s Madstone, Used for Card of Admission to Dr. Oliver Many Years in Vicinity of Wendell Holmes’Lectures . 504 Lynchburg, Virginia. . . . 271 Page of Dr. White’s Address as Headband from Galen: De Sim- First President of the Amer- plicium ...... 311 ICAN Dermatological Associ- Ashley Hall, Home of William ation 505 Bull...... 312 Shaman Trephining Skull with Title Page of Thesis De Colica Flint Knife...... 551 Pictonum by William Bull . 313 Healed Depressed Comminuted Minutes of Charles 1 own Li- t-. tt r> o r, r- FRACTURE OF FRONTAL BONE. . $$2 brary Society Recording Elec- u; n „ r> Healed Depressed Fracture in tion of William Bull as Presi- ~ „ „ Occipital Region...... 552 DENT 313 JJ Title Page of Williamson’s Book 1 In£a Surgical Bandage after on the American Climate . . 324 Trephining Skull...... 553 Headband from Fernelius: Uni- Obsidian Knife or Saw. . . . 553 versa Medicina...... 402 Inca Copper Surgical Knife . . 554 Headband from Duborvrgdiev: Inca Stellate War Club Made of Ahorismi Prognostici Hippo- Hardened Copper .... 555 cratis...... 409 Copper Inca Ax ...... 555 Hippocrates Refusing the Riches Title Page of Coward’s “Second Offered by Artaxerxes. . . 430 Thoughts”...... 560 Barbary Ape Commonly Employed Advertisement of Coward’s “Re­ in Teaching Dissection. . . 432 mediorum Medicinalim Tabula” 561 Preparation of a Mummy . . . 434 Title Page of “Ophthalmiatria” . 561 Title Page of “Manuel des Pages from “Ophthalmiatria” . PuLMONIQUES”...... 439 5^3, 564, 565 First Page of Table of Contents “Minute Movie” from Egyptian of the Traite...... 439 Tomb Showing Wrestling . . 582 ANNALS OF MEDICAL HISTORY Editor: FRANCIS R. PACKARD, M.D., Philadelphia

CONTENTS OF NEW SERIES, VOLUME ONE, 1929

Thompson, Strenuous Life of a Physician in the 18th Walsh, Date of Galen’s Birth; Pitfield, A Pitiful, Rick- Century; Johnson, William Potter Memorial Lecture. In- etty, Gasping, Staggering, Stuttering Tomfool; Miller, Dis- troductory; Cohn, Development of the Harveian Circula- eases of Ancient Man; Crummer, Copy ofJenner Note Book; tion; Burger, Appreciation of the Medical Profession and Strecker, Reminiscenses from the Early Days of the Penn- the Divine Origin of Medicine; Chance, Squier Littell,M.D., sylvania Hospital; Wiese, Larrey; Garrison, Brief Note on Krumbhaar, Bibliographical Matters Pertaining to the Medical Philately; Pirkner, Epilepsy in the Light of History; Discovery of the Circulation of the Blood; Wood, Martin Pool bl McGowan, Surgery at the New York Hospital Lister; Woolf, Hunterian Epoch; Harvey, History of One Hundred Years Ago; Rolleston, Samuel Johnson’s Hemostasis; Miller, William Beaumont and His Book; Medical Experiences; MacPhail, Evolution and Life; Burr, Dr. James and His Medical Dictionary; Moore, Gab- Middleton, Philip Syng Physick; Taylor, S. Weir Mitch- riel Honore de Riquetti; Roddis, Garcia da Orta; Rush, ell; Wagoner, Statuette Depicting a Posterior Superior Arnold Adolf Berthold; Toomey, First General Medical Dislocation of the Hip; Weeks, David Ramsay; Waring, Treatise Published in the Western Hemisphere; Peachey, Incident in Early South Carolina Medicine; Todd, Medi- John Fewster; Power, Memorial Group of the Harvey Fami- eval Physician; Friedenwald, Manuscript Copies of the ly; Krumbhaar, Bath Olivers—Doctor and Biscuit; Wood, Medical Works of Isaac Judaeus; Diploma of a Jewish Grad- Julius Millingen; Robertson, “Castel of Helth” and its uate of Medicine of the University of Padua in 1695; Brun- Author, Sir Thomas Elyot; Adler, Albrecht von Graefe; SCHWIG, Hieronymus Brunschwig; Shryock, Origins and Parsons, Haitian Medicine; Hammett, Anatomical Significance of the Public Health Movement in the United Knowledge of the Ancient Hindus; Gudger, Illustrations States; Pleadwell, Ninian Pinckney, M.D.; Moodie, Sur- of Comparative Osteology; Beiter, Charles Edward Isaacs; gery in Pre-Columbian Peru. CONTENTS OF NEW SERIES, VOLUME TWO, 1930

Rolleston, Sir Thomas Browne; Sudhoff, Sketches; rary of the University of Rochester, Cleveland Medical Crummer, Original Drawing of the Title Page of Vesalius’ Library Association, Boston Medical Library, Lane Medical Fabricia; Chance, On Hippocrates and the Aphorisms; Library, Stanford University; Warthin, The Physician of Major, History of Taking the Blood Pressure; Franchini, the Dance of Death; Hare, Stephen Girard and the Great Lazarro Spallanzani; Hall, General and Medical Science Epidemic of Yellow Fever in 1793; Denninger, History 100 Years Ago; Beeson,Orfila—Pioneer Toxicologist; Scar- of Substances known as Aphrodisiacs; Miller, History of LETT, Jean Paul Marat, The Physician as Revolutionist; Syphilis; Montgomery, Hieronymus Frascastorius, Author Wiese, Semmelweiss: Pleadwell, Ninian Pinckney; Leake, of a Poem Called Syphilis; Hirsch, Historical Survey of Roman Architectural Hygiene; Cooper,The Medical School Gonorrhea; Leopold, Aretaeus the Cappadocian; His Con- of Montpellier in the 14th Century; Hancock, The Irish tribution to Diabetes Mellitus; Jones, Practice of Medicine School of Medicine; Jacobsen, John Coakley Lettsom and Among Our Aborigines; Lloyd, Benjamin Rush and His His Relations with Jonathan Carver, Explorer; Camden, Critics; Peachey, William Hunter’s Obstetrical Career; Elizabethan Astrological Medicine; Miller, Apollo; Brag- Caulfield, Infant Welfare Movement in the Eighteenth man, The Medical Wisdom of Nathaniel Hawthorne; Rol- Century; Rogers, The History of Craniotomy; Tello & lbston, Medical Friendships, Clubs and Societies; Wilson, Williams, An Ancient Syphilitic Skull from Paracas in Alphonse Francois Marie Guerin; Hume, Medicine in Peru; Pitfield, John Keats, Reactions of a Genius to Tu- China, Old and New; Howbll, Doctor George Fordyce berculosis and Other Adversities; Major, Papyrus Ebers; and His Times; Beeson, Corvisart, His Life and Works; Moorman, Tuberculosis and Genius as Manifested in St. Shryock, Public Relations of the Medical Profession Francis of Assisi; Goldstein, Influence of Claude Bernard in Great Britain and the United States: 1600-1870; In- on Physiological Concepts; Middleton, John Syng Dorsey; cunabula in New York Academy of Medicine, Library of Freeman, Lewis Morgan; Von Storch, Essay on the His- Washington University School of Medicine, Medical Lib- tory of Epilepsy; Hoover, Significance of the Scientific Conquest of the Air. CONTENTS OF NEW SERIES, VOLUME THREE, 1931

Corner, Rise of Medicine at Salerno in the 12th Cen- Medicine and Its Antiquity; Barkley, Dr. Samuel Brown; tury; Thorndike, Letter from a Physician of Valencia to Haldin-Davis, Foundations of British Dermatology; His Two Sons; Baumann, An Antique Physiological Prob- Jelks, John Gorrie; Anderson, Thomas Holley Chivers; iem; Abt, Christopher Wilhelm Hufeland; Cutter, Intern Chance, Nicholas Culpeper; Peachey, Two Unpublished Service in the Old Days at Chambers Street Hospital; Letters of Matthew Baillie, M.D.; Moorman, Tuberculosis Seibels, Thomas Dale, m.d.; Franchini, Antonio Vallis- and Genius—Francis Thompson; Hellman, An Unpub- neri; Schenck, Mutter Museum; Warthin, Physician of lished Diary of Edward Jenner; Elgood, Persian Mono- the Dance of Death; Medical Incunabula in the Library of graph on Syphilis; Krumbhaar, Erasmus Darwin and His the University of Michigan Medical School, John Crerar Relation to the Doctrine of Evolution; Cawadias, From Library of Chicago, Library of the College of Physicians of Epidauros to Galenos; WlLSON, Dr. J. C. Nott and the Philadelphia, Library of the Royal College of Surgeons of Transmission of Yellow Fever; Wiese and Gilbert, England; Power, Touchpieces and the Cure of the King’s Theodore Kocher; Shuman, Richard Den’s Tomb; Par- Evil; Bast, Max Johann Sigismund Schultze; Macht, sons, The Adventurous Goldberger; Montgomery, Nam- Louis Lewin; Walsh, Refutation of the Charges of Coward- ing of Alopecia Areata; Browning, Relation of Physicians ice Made against Galen; Burr, Galen; Major, Landmarks to Early American Geology; Lambert, Phineas Fletcher in the History of Lead Poisoning; Miller, The Pneumatic and Francis Quarles and the Purple Island; Lusk, Carl Institution of Thomas Beddoes; Rolleston, History of von Voit, Master and Friend; Cravener, An Orthopedic Cinchona and Its Therapeutics; Elsberg, Edwin Smith Sur- Clinic of 1147 a.d.; Franklin, Richard Lower ana His gical Papyrus; Franchini, Ch. Alphonse Laveran; Drake, “De Corde”; Beeson, Anton Tchekhov; Kemble, Henry Pap and Panada; Reed, John Ftancis Delong, A Frontier vm; Moorman, Tuberculosis and Genius—Voltaire; Physician; Podolsky, Physician Physicists; Clemens, Notes Carson, The Iliac Passion; Weinberg, Gigantism and onEnglish Mediane(Georgelv-Henry viii);Sarma, Hindu Acromegaly. ANNALS OF MEDICAL HISTORY

PUBLISHED BIMONTHLY

New Series, Vol. VII, No. i JANUARY, 1935 Whole No. 77

EDITOR FRANCIS R. PACKARD, M.D., Philadelphia, Pa.

ASSOCIATE EDITORS HARVEY CUSHING, M.D...... Boston

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NEW YORK PAUL B. HOEBER, INC., PUBLISHERS SEVENTY-SIX FIFTH AVENUE ANNALS OF MEDICAL HISTORY

New Series, Vol. VII, No. i JANUARY, 1935 Whole No. 77

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