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Indoor Location Tracking System Based on Android Application Using Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons for Ubiquitous Computing Environment

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Indoor Location Tracking System Based on Android Application Using Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons for Ubiquitous Computing Environment Journal of Communications Vol. 15, No. 7, July 2020 Indoor Location Tracking System Based on Android Application Using Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons for Ubiquitous Computing Environment Khamla NonAlinsavath1, 2, Lukito Edi Nugroho1, Widyawan1, and Kazuhiko Hamamoto2 1Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2Department of Information Media Technology, School of Information and Telecommunication Engineering, Tokai University, Takanawa Campus, Tokyo, Japan Email: [email protected], {lukito, widyawan}@ugm.ac.id, [email protected] Abstract—Indoor positioning and tracking systems have BLE 4.0 Beacon has been developed to be used with become enormous issue in location awareness computing due to smart device to support in smart environment that its improvement of location detection and positioning supplies short range of broadcasting. Furthermore, BLE identification. The locations are normally detected using technology distributes the feature called received signal position technologies such as Global Positioning System, radio strength indicator (RSSI) that can be used to predict and frequency identification, Bluetooth Beacon, Wi-Fi fingerprinting, pedometer and so on. This research presents an analysis the position information [5]. Bluetooth BLE can indoor positioning system based on Bluetooth low energy 4.0 be used to work together with other indoor technologies Beacons; we have implemented Bluetooth signal strength for with the purpose of finding the exact location with the tracking the specific location and detect the movement of user average-range error within 2 meters with small spaces through Android application platform. Bluetooth low energy such as rooms, high quality and real-time responding. was addressed to be an experiment technique to set up into the However, there are some challenges remain in term of real environment of interior the building. The signal strength of positioning service, positioning information of beacons beacons is evaluated and measured the quality of accuracy as and an accuracy of the system when apply this system to well as the improvement of provide raw data from Beacons to the system to get better performance of the direction map and the real environment, the system is challenging to locate precise distance from current location to desire’s positioning. A and track BLE device in the setup environment using smartphone application detects the location-based Bluetooth smartphone [6]. Another limiting existing of BLE is that signal strength accurately and can be achieved the destination the quality of the signal which is relies on many by provided direction map and distance perfectly. structures such as the layout of the room, propagation of the signal in indoor condition and high risk of multipath. Index Terms—Location context, indoor location system, The complexity of the indoor environment needs to be bluetooth low energy, ubiquitous computing evaluated sensitively due to obtain high performance with smartphone I. INTRODUCTION In order to address these challenges, we introduced an Location tracking systems have become essential indoor positioning system based on Bluetooth low energy issues in the pervasive computing approaches to specify 4.0 Beacon to locate and provide the direction map to positioning based indoor environment. They rely on users from current location to desire’s destination with many technologies in order to apply real application into high accuracy and position information is provided in real situation including Wi-Fi Fingerprinting [1], term of being guidance for user perfectly. The system- Bluetooth low energy (BLE) Beacons [2], Machine based Android platform is supposed to track the location Learning algorithm [3], Radio Frequency Identification from overlapped area between outdoor and indoor (RFID) [4] and so on. Bluetooth low energy Beacon 4.0 conditions by real-time supporting and provide service is one of extraordinary characteristics that play an continuously. BLE 4.0 Beacon is proposed to be important role for indoor positioning specification. technology of indoor localization to detect the Bluetooth technology for indoor localization provides environment with low energy consumption and determine high accuracy and identifies the specific position of the the current location to the destination accurately using destination of user precisely; it can be applied to the real signal strength indicator. environment with advanced benefits such as low energy This research is categorized as following details: consumption, cheap, easy to adopt and high accuracy. section 2 presents the related works and theoretical for indoor positioning system, section 3 introduces the performance and implementation of the proposed work, Manuscript received December 20, 2019; revised June 5, 2020. section 4 has figured out the outcome of the experimental This work was supported by Universitas Gadjah Mada and AUN- based indoor location specification, furthermore, SEED/Net Program, JICA Project. conclusion has been provided in the section 5 and ends up Corresponding author email: [email protected]. doi:10.12720/jcm.15.7.572-576 with the references of this research. ©2020 Journal of Communications 572 Journal of Communications Vol. 15, No. 7, July 2020 II. RELATED WORKS application, indoor location-based server and monitoring program to provide real time data and indoor map to the Indoor localization systems [7], [8] have been users. The experiment result showed that 199 out of 269 developed for a long time ago and many developers based estimated locations fell within the margin of error when commercial and academia purposes have done and error range was 1 meter; the accuracy of the localization provided an overview of indoor technologies [9]. They server is approximately 74%. The other 14% were found have become critical technology to detect indoor to be far apart from the actual locations which lead to navigation and tracking including indoor sport stadium, improve the accuracy up to 88% if the system can shopping centers, apartment, and business centers. Indoor estimate location more precisely positioning systems have been implemented with ease as . point to point navigation. Users can choose the suitable direction in the lists that they would like to visit from III. PERFORMANCE AND IMPLEMENTATION current positioning to destination point together with The system has been developed to specify indoor supporting the best route through the map of the building. positioning and location information using Bluetooth low It also allows user to turn the distance measurement by energy 4.0 Beacons to direct and provide indoor mapping offering high accuracy and venue information precisely. information with high accuracy and completed Kriz et al. [10] proposed Bluetooth low energy information for users-based Android application. technology with good alternative supplementing with Wi- Bluetooth BLE 4.0 Beacon is light device and low energy Fi access points, the combination will get more accuracy consumption that can be used to manage indoor localization with the advantages of low energy information importantly. BLE 4.0 utilizes to be a consumption, power batteries continuously from month to technique to measure positions indoors with the ability of year and BLE will be replaced in the spots where Wi-Fi navigates indoor condition via smartphone (Samsung access points are difficult to power and setup. The Galaxy S7 Edge). Moreover, BLE can be used to be a experimental was performed where the original Wi-Fi tracking technology that provides an information and access points and BLE were used for localization of coverage for indoor and overlapped areas with narrow stationary device inside the building and with the main accuracy in the installment venues. walk through corridors and rectangular in the classrooms and offices, 17 Bluetooth low energy beacons were placed in the corridors and classroom on the floor. As the result of that experiment figured out that the system improved the performance and enabled light-of sight propagation, beacon broadcasting parameters were set to the advertising interval of 100 ms. Furthermore, the resulting data have shown that it is possible to improve the median accuracy by 23% and to reduce the variance. Kumareson et al. [11] introduces a proximity estimation model to identify the distance based on the RSSI values of Bluetooth and light sensor data in different environment based Android platform with Fig. 1. Proposed system architecture respect to accuracy and power consumption with a several real world scenarios. The relationship between A basic scenario of the proposed system, 3 BLE 4.0 Bluetooth RSSI and distance in real world have been Beacons were located on the provided positions inside the implemented to improve the accuracy and apply any building (Fig. 1) with 10 meters extend network ranges condition by face to face proximity accuracy of Bluetooth, while user holds the smartphone and operate the smoothing data and different environments. Regarded to application then walk into the building. Several BLE 4.0 the result can be concluded that Bluetooth offers an Beacons have implemented inside the building in effective mechanism that is accurate and power efficient different position and distance in order to classify the for measuring face to face proximity to increase ability of received signals through different obstacles Bluetooth signal strength level and
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