DOCSLIB.ORG

Deliverable D

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Deliverable D SEVENTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME Area 6.4.1.2. Cross-cutting research activities relevant to GEO ENV.2008.4.1.2.1. Monitoring and observing oxygen depletion throughout the different Earth system components Deliverable D 4.2 “Report on assessment of changes in oxygen availability using organic and inorganic proxies, benthic communities structure, and hypoxia indicator species”, month 30 Editor: Namik Çagatay (ITU-EMCOL) with all partners of WP4 Project acronym: HYPOX Project full title: In situ monitoring of oxygen depletion in hypoxic ecosystems of coastal and open seas, and land-locked water bodies Grant agreement no.: 226213 Date of preparation: 03 October 2011, revisions: 09 & 19 January 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................3 2.INORGANIC AND ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL PROXIES...........................................4 2.1.Inorganic geochemical studies in the Istanbul Strait (Bosphorus) Outlet Area of Black Sea (ITU-EMCOL).............................................................................................4 2.2.Inorganic Geochemical Studies Lake Rotsee and Lake Zurich(EAWAG).........13 2.3.Porewater Phosphorus-Iron Dynamics in the Eckernförde Bay (SW Baltic Sea) (IFM-GEOMAR)........................................................................................................17 2.4.Inorganic and Organic Studies in Baltic Sea, Black Sea and meromictic lake Alat (Fuessen Bavaria) (MfN)............................................................................................20 2.5.Natural radionuclides and Cesium studies in the Greek Lagoons (Amvrakikos Gulf)............................................................................................................................21 2.6.Noble Gases in the Black Sea (EAWAG).............................................................27 2.7.Biomarkers studies in the Lake Rotsee and Lake Zurich (both Switzerland), Amvrakikos Gulf (Greece) and the Black Sea(EAWAG)..........................................29 3.BENTHIC COMMUNITIES AND HYPOXIA INDICATOR SPECIES..........................34 3.1.Benthic communities structure and hypoxia indicator species in the Crimean shelf and Istanbul Strait‟s (Bosporus) outlet area of Black Sea (IBSS).....................34 3.2.Macrobenthos studies on the Romanian Shelf (GeoEcoMar)...............................58 3.3.Benthic foraminifera studies in the Amvrakikos Gulf (UPAT)..........................109 2 1. INTRODUCTION This report summarizes the changes in oxygen availability using organic and inorganic proxies, benthic communities‟ structure, and hypoxia indicator species in the Black Sea shelf areas (Istanbul Strait outlet area, Crimean shelf and Sevastopol area, and the Romanian shelf), Amvrakikos Gulf (Greek Lagoons) in the Ionian Sea, Swiss Lakes (Lake Zurich and Lake Rotsee), and Eckernförde Bay (Germany) in the Baltic Sea. The main objectives are to reconstruct the recent and past changes in the redox conditions using geochemical proxies and to give brief information about structures of the benthic communities and species that indicate hypoxia in the various basins. In the Bosphorus outlet area (Turkey) of the Black Sea, geochemical analyses of cores were carried out by the ITU team to study the hypoxia history and the effects of Mediterranean water in the ventilation of the area, using XRF core scanning and TOC/TIC analysis. Benthic community and indicator species studies were carried out by the IBSS, together with the CTD casting by MPI in the area. Lipid biomarkers were studied in Lake Rotsee and Lake Zurich by Eawag. For the latter study site, trace metals were additionally analyzed. Eawag project members focused on lipid biomarkers in the Amvrakikos Gulf, and UPAT determined the age model of the obtained cores and foraminiferal assemblages. In the Black Sea, Eawag project members are still analyzing the sediment pore-water samples for noble gas concentrations, and results are not available at this point. In addition, UPAT studied natural radionuclides and Cs distributions in sediment cores in the Amvrakikos Gulf. Pore water geochemistry was analysed for phosphorus-iron dynamics in the Eckernförde Bay (Germany) in the Baltic Sea by the IFM-GEOMAR. Nitrogen and carbon isotopes were studied by MfN in sediment cores in northern Baltic Sea (Bottenwiek). MfN further studied purple sulphur bacteria in Lake Alat (Bavaria, Germany). These studies by MfN were carried out in the frame of an MSc and a BSc theses. Benthic population structure and hypoxia indicator species in the Black Sea shelf areas (Istanbul Strait outlet area, Crimean shelf and Sevastopol area, and the Romanian shelf) were studied by IBSS and GeoEcoMar. 3 2. INORGANIC AND ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL PROXIES 2.1. Inorganic geochemical studies in the Istanbul Strait (Bosphorus) Outlet Area of Black Sea (ITU-EMCOL) Site description: İstanbul Strait (Bosphorus) is the only connection of Black Sea to the world ocean via Sea of Marmara and Çanakkale (Dardannelles) Strait. The İstanbul Strait outlet area of the Black Sea (ISBS) includes the shelf and upper slope areas north of the Strait (Fig. 1.1; Hypox D4.3, 2010). This area is characterized by the Mediterranean inflow that is responsible for the ventilation and sluggish deep circulation of the anoxic Black Sea basin (Oğuz et al., 1993; Özsoy and Ünlüata, 1997). The anoxic/oxic boundary is located at a depth of 100-150 m with a ~30 m thick suboxic zone (Murray et al., 1989; 1993; Codispoti et al., 1991; Baştürk et al., 1994). Presently, a two-way current system occurs in the Bosphorus channel, with the Black Sea water forming the upper current and the warm and saline Mediterranean Water (MW) the undercurrent (Özsoy and Ünlüata, 1997; De Iorio et al., 1999; Özsoy et al., 2001). The MW enters the ISBS shelf through the submarine extension of the Istanbul Strait‟s channel, and then spreads as a uniform 2-3 m thick saline sheet over the shelf. At depths of 50-75 m, it mixes with the Cold Intermediate Water (CIW) and sinks along the continental slope forming a series of lateral intrusions to depths of 500 m. The ISBS outlet area is also characterized by a fan-delta complex on the mid and outer shelf areas with an anastomosing distributary channels, 5-8 m high levées, in-channel stream-lined bars, crevasse splays, and NW-SE oriented linear to wavy sedimentary structures in between the channel-levée complexes (Fig.2.1) (De Iorio and Yüce, 1998; Flood et al., 2009, Hypox D.4.3, 2010; Okay et al., 2011). Shallow sill depth of the Istanbul Strait together with the oxygen consumption by organic matter mineralization is responsible for the establishment of a permanent oxic-anoxic boundary (chemocline) in the area. The oxic-anoxic boundary is presently at 100-150 m depth, but may have varied in the past as result of the changes in the amounts of the MW, of riverine water input and global sea level. 4 Fig.2.1. Multibeam bathymetric map of the Istanbul Strait (Bosphorus) outlet area. Bathymetry data is compiled by Okay, et al., (2011) from NATO expedition of Di Iorio and Yüce (1999) and BLaSOn2 expedition (2002) carried out with Le Suroit and Dokuz Eylül University, Turkey. The shelf edge is marked by 110 m bathymetric contour that markes a change from green to blue colour. Cores and Core analysis: Geophysical subbottom profiling and sediment coring along depth transects from -75 m to -307 m on the shelf and upper slope areas onboard RVs Arar and MS Merian were carried out within the framework of the EC FP7 Hypox project (Fig.2.2). A total of 81 cores and 4 long cores were analyzed for physical properties using Geotek Multi-Sensor Core Logger (MSCL;), 42 cores for elemental analysis by Itrax XRF Core Scanner, and 22 cores for total organic (TOC) and inorganic (TIC) contents by Shimadzu TOC analyser. 17 core samples were dated by AMS C-14 analysis. The core data produced by Hypox project in the ISBS outlet area can be found in data portal PANGAEA Archive /http://www.pangaea. de/search?count=10&q=arar_2009+geochemistry&minlat=&minlon=&maxlat=&maxlon=& mandate=&maxdate=&env=All&offset=20 and http:// www.pangaea.de/ search?count =10&q =MSM15%2F1+geochemistry&minlat=&minlon=&maxlat=&maxlon=&mindate=&maxdate =&env=All&offset=0), and the discussion in Erdem (2011, MSc Thesis). Holocene Basin Evolution: High resolution seismic profiles and sedimentary cores show the evidence of two low stand shelf crossing unconformities: a post-Younger Dryas transgression 5 unconformity (α) and a younger unconformity (α1) that form the base of the channel-levée complex dated at ca. 7 14C kyr BP (Fig.2.3, Fig.2.4) (Aksu at al., 2002; Ryan et al, 2003; Major et al., 2006; Flood et al., 2009; this Hypox study). The α1 unconformity was formed by the subaqueous erosion by the latest saline Mediterranean inflow and subsequent deposition of the fan-delta complex under mainly submarine conditions. Fig.2.2. Bathymetric map of the Istanbul Strait‟s outlet area in the Black Sea, showing the location of the seismic lines and cores. Results of Inorganic Geochemical Studies: The anoxia development started after the latest connection with Mediterranean. The oxic/anoxic boundary and changes in the bottom water conditions in the slope area are detectable by changes in the lithological properties and Mn anomalies associated with the Fe-C-S system in the cores located between -120 m and -150 m, which show the rise of the oxic/anoxic boundary to depths between -120 m and -150 m around 6.8 ka BP (Fig.2.5 and Fig.2.6). 6 Fig.2.3. A part of the seismic profile SL-1 representing water depths of 90-95 m on mid shelf area. The sedimentary units on top belong to the channel-levée complex that is sampled by Core MSM015- 291 whose digital colour image is shown on the right with the AMS C-14 ages. The unconformity α1 is a flat surface at -98 m. The sediments below the unconformity is dated at ca. 10 ka BP (post Younger Dryas). Vertical exaggeration = 8.1. See inset map for location of the line shown with red rectangle on Line SL-1. Mediterranean inflow initially used the NW trending main channel transporting oxygenated waters to the western side of the area.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chemotaxonomic Characterization of the Thaumarchaeal Lipidome
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Aberdeen University Research Archive Chemotaxonomic characterization of the thaumarchaeal lipidome Running title: Comparative analysis of the thaumarchaeal lipidome Felix J. Elling1+, Martin Könneke1,2#, Graeme W. Nicol3, Michaela Stieglmeier4, Barbara Bayer5, Eva Spieck6, José R. de la Torre7, Kevin W. Becker1†, Michael Thomm8, James I. Prosser9, Gerhard J. Herndl5,10, Christa Schleper4, Kai-Uwe Hinrichs1 1 Organic Geochemistry Group, MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences & Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany. 2 Marine Archaea Group, MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences & Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany. 3 Environmental Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 69134 Ecully, France 4 Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Center of Ecology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria. 5 Department of Limnology and BioOceanography, Center of Ecology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria. 6 Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, 22609 Hamburg, Germany. 7 Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA. 8 Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie und Archaeenzentrum, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany. 9 Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Cruickshank Building, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, United Kingdom. 10 Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Utrecht University, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands #Corresponding author. Tel.: + 49 421 218 65747. Fax: +49 421 218 65715. E-mail: [email protected] +present address: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetics of Archaeal Lipids Amy Kelly 9/27/2006 Outline
    Phylogenetics of Archaeal Lipids Amy Kelly 9/27/2006 Outline • Phlogenetics of Archaea • Phlogenetics of archaeal lipids • Papers Phyla • Two? main phyla – Euryarchaeota • Methanogens • Extreme halophiles • Extreme thermophiles • Sulfate-reducing – Crenarchaeota • Extreme thermophiles – Korarchaeota? • Hyperthermophiles • indicated only by environmental DNA sequences – Nanoarchaeum? • N. equitans a fast evolving euryarchaeal lineage, not novel, early diverging archaeal phylum – Ancient archael group? • In deepest brances of Crenarchaea? Euryarchaea? Archaeal Lipids • Methanogens – Di- and tetra-ethers of glycerol and isoprenoid alcohols – Core mostly archaeol or caldarchaeol – Core sometimes sn-2- or Images removed due to sn-3-hydroxyarchaeol or copyright considerations. macrocyclic archaeol –PMI • Halophiles – Similar to methanogens – Exclusively synthesize bacterioruberin • Marine Crenarchaea Depositional Archaeal Lipids Biological Origin Environment Crocetane methanotrophs? methane seeps? methanogens, PMI (2,6,10,15,19-pentamethylicosane) methanotrophs hypersaline, anoxic Squalane hypersaline? C31-C40 head-to-head isoprenoids Smit & Mushegian • “Lost” enzymes of MVA pathway must exist – Phosphomevalonate kinase (PMK) – Diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase – Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IPPI) Kaneda et al. 2001 Rohdich et al. 2001 Boucher et al. • Isoprenoid biosynthesis of archaea evolved through a combination of processes – Co-option of ancestral enzymes – Modification of enzymatic specificity – Orthologous and non-orthologous gene
    [Show full text]
  • Miniaturized Biosignature Analysis Reveals Implications for the Formation of Cold Seep Carbonates at Hydrate Ridge (Off Oregon, USA) T
    Miniaturized biosignature analysis reveals implications for the formation of cold seep carbonates at Hydrate Ridge (off Oregon, USA) T. Leefmann, J. Bauermeister, A. Kronz, V. Liebetrau, J. Reitner, V. Thiel To cite this version: T. Leefmann, J. Bauermeister, A. Kronz, V. Liebetrau, J. Reitner, et al.. Miniaturized biosignature analysis reveals implications for the formation of cold seep carbonates at Hydrate Ridge (off Oregon, USA). Biogeosciences Discussions, European Geosciences Union, 2007, 4 (6), pp.4443-4458. hal- 00297947 HAL Id: hal-00297947 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00297947 Submitted on 28 Nov 2007 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Biogeosciences Discuss., 4, 4443–4458, 2007 Biogeosciences www.biogeosciences-discuss.net/4/4443/2007/ Discussions BGD © Author(s) 2007. This work is licensed 4, 4443–4458, 2007 under a Creative Commons License. Biogeosciences Discussions is the access reviewed discussion forum of Biogeosciences Biosignature analysis of cold seep carbonates T. Leefmann et al. Miniaturized biosignature analysis reveals Title Page implications for the formation of cold Abstract Introduction seep carbonates at Hydrate Ridge Conclusions References (off Oregon, USA) Tables Figures T. Leefmann1, J. Bauermeister1, A. Kronz1, V.
    [Show full text]
  • Biogeochemical and Microbiological Evidence for Methane-Related
    Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-91-SC5, 2018 © Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Interactive comment on “Biogeochemical and microbiological evidence for methane-related archaeal communities at active submarine mud volcanoes on the Canadian Beaufort Sea slope” by Dong-Hun Lee et al. J.-H. Kim [email protected] Received and published: 7 June 2018 Short comment #1: Manuscript ID: bg-2018-91 Biogeochemical and microbiological evidence for methane-related archaeal communities at active submarine mud volca- noes on the Canadian Beaufort Sea slope This paper reports the occurrence of AOM in the active mud volcanos on the continental slope of the Canadian Beaufort Sea, based on the analysis of lipid biomarker and 16S rRNA gene in three sediment cores. The authors state that archaea of the ANME- C1 2c and ANME-3 clades participated in the process of methane consumption, by the relative high ratio of sn-2-hydroxyarchaeol to archaeol and the phylogenetic identities. They then speculate that the difference in distribution of ANME-2c and ANME-3 in these mud volcanos is under the control of methane flux changes. The results of this study can further help us to understand the biogeochemical cycling of methane in the seafloor mud volcano environments. Generally, it is a very interesting study, especially the detection of extreme depleted δ13C value of sn-2- and sn-3-hydroxyarchaeol. The approach is scientifically valid and the conclusions are reasonably sound. Reply: We are thankfull for the positive assessment about our manuscript.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Biogeochemical and Microbiological Evidence for Methane-Related Archaeal
    Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-91 Manuscript under review for journal Biogeosciences Discussion started: 4 April 2018 c Author(s) 2018. CC BY 4.0 License. 1 Biogeochemical and microbiological evidence for methane-related archaeal 2 communities at active submarine mud volcanoes on the Canadian Beaufort Sea slope 3 4 Dong-Hun Lee1, Jung-Hyun Kim2,*, Yung Mi Lee2, Alina Stadnitskaia3, Young Keun Jin2, 5 Helge Niemann4, Young-Gyun Kim5, Kyung-Hoon Shin1,** 6 7 1Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, 425-791 8 Ansan, South Korea 9 2KOPRI Korea Polar Research Institute, 406-840 Incheon, South Korea 10 3European Council for Maritime Applied R&D, Rue Marie de Bourgogne 52-54, B-1000 11 Bruxelles, Belgium 12 4NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Microbiology 13 and Biogeochemistry, and Utrecht University, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands 14 5Research Institute for Earth Resources, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chuncheon, 15 South Korea 16 17 *Corresponding author: 18 Tel.: +82 32 760 5377 19 [email protected] 20 21 22 **Corresponding author: 23 Tel.: +82 31 400 5536 24 [email protected] 25 26 27 1 Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-91 Manuscript under review for journal Biogeosciences Discussion started: 4 April 2018 c Author(s) 2018. CC BY 4.0 License. 28 Abstract 29 In this study, we report lipid biomarker patterns and phylogenetic identities of key 30 microbes mediating anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) communities in active mud 31 volcanos (MVs) on the continental slope of the Canadian Beaufort Sea.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Microorganisms Living Along Steep Energy Gradients and Implications for Ecology and Geologic Preservation in the Deep Biosphere
    Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Microorganisms Living Along Steep Energy Gradients and Implications for Ecology and Geologic Preservation in the Deep Biosphere Thesis by Sean William Alexander Mullin In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Pasadena, California 2020 (Defended 8 June 2020) ii ã 2020 Sean W. A. Mullin ORCID: 0000-0002-6225-3279 iii What is any man’s discourse to me, if I am not sensible of something in it as steady and cheery as the creak of crickets? In it the woods must be relieved against the sky. Men tire me when I am not constantly greeted and refreshed as by the flux of sparkling streams. Surely joy is the condition of life. Think of the young fry that leap in ponds, the myriads of insects ushered into being on a summer evening, the incessant note of the hyla with which the woods ring in the spring, the nonchalance of the butterfly carrying accident and change painted in a thousand hues upon its wings… —Henry David Thoreau, “Natural History of Massachusetts” iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Seven years is a long time. Beyond four years, the collective memory of a university is misty and gray, and if it were a medieval map, would be marked simply, “Here be dragons.” The number of times I have been mistaken this past year for an aged staff scientist or long-suffering post-doc would be amusing if not for my deepening wrinkles serving to confirm my status as a relative dinosaur. Wrinkles aside, I can happily say that my time spent in the Orphan Lab has been one of tremendous growth and exploration.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genome Sequence of Methanohalophilus Mahii SLPT
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Archaea Volume 2010, Article ID 690737, 16 pages doi:10.1155/2010/690737 Research Article TheGenomeSequenceofMethanohalophilus mahii SLPT Reveals Differences in the Energy Metabolism among Members of the Methanosarcinaceae Inhabiting Freshwater and Saline Environments Stefan Spring,1 Carmen Scheuner,1 Alla Lapidus,2 Susan Lucas,2 Tijana Glavina Del Rio,2 Hope Tice,2 Alex Copeland,2 Jan-Fang Cheng,2 Feng Chen,2 Matt Nolan,2 Elizabeth Saunders,2, 3 Sam Pitluck,2 Konstantinos Liolios,2 Natalia Ivanova,2 Konstantinos Mavromatis,2 Athanasios Lykidis,2 Amrita Pati,2 Amy Chen,4 Krishna Palaniappan,4 Miriam Land,2, 5 Loren Hauser,2, 5 Yun-Juan Chang,2, 5 Cynthia D. Jeffries,2, 5 Lynne Goodwin,2, 3 John C. Detter,3 Thomas Brettin,3 Manfred Rohde,6 Markus Goker,¨ 1 Tanja Woyke, 2 Jim Bristow,2 Jonathan A. Eisen,2, 7 Victor Markowitz,4 Philip Hugenholtz,2 Nikos C. Kyrpides,2 and Hans-Peter Klenk1 1 DSMZ—German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany 2 DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598-1632, USA 3 Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos, NM 87545-001, USA 4 Biological Data Management and Technology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 5 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830-8026, USA 6 HZI—Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany 7 Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Stefan Spring, [email protected] and Hans-Peter Klenk, [email protected] Received 24 August 2010; Accepted 9 November 2010 Academic Editor: Valerie´ de Crecy-Lagard´ Copyright © 2010 Stefan Spring et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Microbial Communities Performing Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane: Diversity of Lipid Signatures and Habitats
    Microbial communities performing anaerobic oxidation of methane: diversity of lipid signatures and habitats Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften - Dr. rer. Nat. - Am Fachbereich Geowissenschaften der Universität Bremen vorgelegt von Pamela E. Rossel Cartes Bremen Februar 2009 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Kai-Uwe Hinrichs, University of Bremen, Germany 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Antje Boetius, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany No viniste de lejos, ni siquiera has llegado. Estabas desde siempre, como un lenguaje escrito en el fondo de mí… Para Xavi con mucho amor TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract Thesis abstract……………………………………………………..I Kurzfassung……………………………………………………...III Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………V List of Figures……………………………………………………….............................VII List of Tables………………………………………………………................................IX List of Abbreviations………………………………………………………....................X Chapter I: Introduction…………………………………………………….................1 General introduction………………………………………………………2 I.1. Properties and importance of methane………………………………..2 I.2. Production and consumption of methane……………………………..4 I.3. Microbial communities performing AOM…………………..............11 I.4. Distribution/Habitats of AOM communities………………………...13 I.5. Lipid signatures of communities performing AOM…………………18 I.6. Intact polar membrane lipids (IPLs)…..……………………………..21 I.7. Methods……………………………………………………………...28 I.8. Hypothesis and objectives…………………………………………...29 I.9. Contribution to publications…………………………………………30
    [Show full text]
  • This Article Appeared in a Journal Published by Elsevier. the Attached Copy Is Furnished to the Author for Internal Non-Commerci
    This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Animal Feed Science and Technology 166–167 (2011) 87–92 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Animal Feed Science and Technology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/anifeedsci Analysis of archaeal ether lipids in bovine faeces a b a b b a F.L. Gill , R.J. Dewhurst , R.P. Evershed , E. McGeough , P. O’Kiely , R.D. Pancost , a,∗ I.D. Bull a Organic Geochemistry Unit, Bristol Biogeochemistry Research Centre, University of Bristol, School of Chemistry, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK b Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t This study evaluated concentrations of archaeol, a lipid biomarker for Archaea and, presum- ably, methanogens in cattle faeces. Twelve continental cross-bred steers were allocated at random to receive either a concentrate based diet or a grass silage based diet.
    [Show full text]
  • CO2 Conversion to Methane and Biomass in Obligate Methylotrophic Methanogens in Marine Sediments
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/528562; this version posted January 30, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 CO2 conversion to methane and biomass in obligate methylotrophic methanogens in 2 marine sediments 3 Xiuran Yin1,2,3*, Weichao Wu2,4*‡, Mara Maeke1,3, Tim Richter-Heitmann1, Ajinkya C. 4 Kulkarni1,2,3, Oluwatobi E. Oni1,2, Jenny Wendt2,4, Marcus Elvert2,4 and Michael W. Friedrich1,2 5 1Microbial Ecophysiology Group, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, 6 Germany 7 2MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, Bremen, Germany 8 3International Max-Planck Research School for Marine Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Marine 9 Microbiology, Bremen, Germany 10 4Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany 11 Running title: Methane formation from CO2 in Methanococcoides 12 Correspondence: 13 Michael W. Friedrich, 14 Microbial Ecophysiology Group, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen, PO 15 Box 33 04 40, D-28334 Bremen, Germany 16 Email: [email protected] 17 * These authors contributed equally to this work. 18 ‡ Current address: Department of Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Goettingen, 19 Goettingen, Germany 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/528562; this version posted January 30, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
    [Show full text]
  • Isoprenoid Lipids, Lecture 2
    Organic Geochemistry Wk. 2 • Polyisoprenoid lipids – Structural diversity and biosynthesis – Hydrocarbons – Complex lipids in archaea – Isoprenoids of plants and algae – Polyisoprenoids as environment and process indicators • Lacustrine environments – botryococcenes etc • Methanogenesis • Anaerobic oxidation of methane – Fossil record of Archaea O O O O O P O P O- O P O P O- 20 DMAPP O- O- 21 IPP O- O- O O O P O P O- - - 22 GPP O O 24 OH 23 shc sqmo [O2] osc 25 26 O 27 1a [9 O2] HO HO 2- carbon molecule be the major building block for the complex 27- carbon, 4- ringed structure of the cholesterol molecule? BLOCH, LYNEN, AND THE CORNFORTH / POPJAK TEAM In the late 1930s, another young Jewish émigré from Germany, Konrad Bloch, joined Clarke’s department as a graduate student. Bloch had already completed most of his thesis research at the University of Basel and had published two papers on that research. Still, the Basel faculty rejected it as “insufficient” (10). Bloch many years later learned that only one examiner on his committee had objected and that was on the grounds that the thesis failed to cite some important references – papers authored by that examiner! Looking back, Bloch realized that this may have been providential. Had he passes he decided to stay on in Germany. At any rate, when Bloch came to New York in 1936, Clarke, a guardian angel to refugee scientists, admitted him to his program and the Ph.D. was awarded about 2 years later. At that point, Schoenheimer offered a Bloch position in his Courtesy of the National Library of Medicine.
    [Show full text]
  • CH4-Consuming Microorganisms and the Formation of Carbonate Crusts at Cold Seeps
    Earth and Planetary Science Letters 203 (2002) 195^203 www.elsevier.com/locate/epsl CH4-consuming microorganisms and the formation of carbonate crusts at cold seeps Giovanni Aloisi a;Ã, Ioanna Bouloubassi b, Sander K. Heijs c, Richard D. Pancost d;1, Catherine Pierre a, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damste¤ d, Jan C. Gottschal c, Larry J. Forney c;2, Jean-Marie Rouchy e a Laboratoire d’Oce¤anographie Dynamique et de Climatologie, Universite¤ Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France b Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Marines, Universite¤ Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France c Department of Microbiology, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies (CEES), University of Groningen, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands d Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Biogeochemistry and Toxicology, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg (Texel), The Netherlands e Laboratoire de Ge¤ologie (CNRS-ESA 7073), Muse¤um National d’Histoire Naturelle, 75005 Paris, France Received 4 September 2001; received in revised form 20 March 2002; accepted 31 July 2002 Abstract To understand the role played by microorganisms in the formation of cold seep carbonates, we conducted an integrated microbial, mineralogical and organic geochemical study of methane-related authigenic carbonate crusts formed on eastern Mediterranean mud volcanoes. We show that supersaturation with respect to carbonate minerals is induced by microbial anaerobic oxidation of methane. Combined lipid biomarker analysis and 16S rRNA gene surveys identified a highly diversified methane-consuming archaeal community possibly comprising novel species, implying that the anaerobic oxidation of methane is phylogenetically widespread and directly implicating these organisms in the process of crust precipitation.
    [Show full text]