USA OLYMPIC HISTORY

US Olympic History: Speed skating has been the ’ best sport at the Winter Olympics in terms of medals won, for both men and women. Through 2010 the US has won 67 medals in speed skating, compared to 47 in figure skating and 39 in Alpine skiing. The men have won 40 medals, against 17 in bobsledding and 15 in figure skating and Alpine skiing, while the women have won 27 medals, with 24 in Alpine skiing and 23 in figure skating.

The absolute hero of American speed skating is, of course, , considered the greatest speed skater of all-time, based on his heroics in the 1978-80 period, capped by winning all 5 individual gold medals at the Lake Placid . Among women, however, even surpasses Heiden with 6 Olympic medals, 5 of them gold, the most by any American woman in any sport, with Blair winning her medals at 3 Winter Olympics – 1988-1992-1994.

There have been many other US speed skating stars, starting in 1932 when and Irving Jaffee each won 2 gold medals at Lake Placid. More recently, Derek Parra and won multiple medals in 2002 and 2006. has become the world’s top mid-distance skater in the last 10 years, winning gold medals in the 1,000 metres in 2006-10 and silver medals those years in the 1,500. He returns in 2014, trying to become the first male speed skater to ever win the same event at three consecutive Olympics (Blair did it in the 500 metres in 1988-94).

Speed Skating Olympic Program Event Class 1924 1928 1932 1936 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 Totals 500 metres M x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 22 1,000 metres M x x x x x x x x x x x 11 1,500 metres M x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 22 5,000 metres M x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 22 10,000 metres M x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 22 Team Pursuit M x x x 3 All-Around M x 1 500 metres F x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 15 1,000 metres F x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 15 1,500 metres F x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 15 3,000 metres F x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 15 5,000 metres F x x x x x x x x 8 Team Pursuit F x x x 3 Totals M 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 103 Totals F 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 71 Totals All 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 12 12 12 174

US Speed Skating Competitors by Year Year Site Men Women Both 1924 Chamonix 6 --- 6 1928 St. Moritz 4 --- 4 1932 Lake Placid 12 --- 12 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen 5 --- 5 1948 St. Moritz 9 --- 9 1952 7 --- 7 1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo 8 --- 8 1960 Squaw Valley 9 6 15 1964 Innsbruck 9 6 15 1968 Grenoble 9 6 15 1972 Sapporo 9 7 16 1976 Innsbruck 7 7 14 1980 Lake Placid 7 4 11 1984 Sarajevo 6 7 13 1988 10 7 17 1992 Albertville 11 8 19 1994 Lillehammer 8 8 16 1998 Nagano 7 7 14 2002 10 7 17 2006 Torino 10 8 18 2010 Vancouver 9 9 18 Gross Totals 172 97 269 1 Olympic Winter Games 53 32 85 2 Olympic Winter Games 42 12 54 3 Olympic Winter Games 9 7 16 4 Olympic Winter Games 2 5 7 Actual Totals 106 56 162

Most Medals, USA, Men 5 Eric Heiden 5 Chad Hedrick 4 Shani Davis 3 2 Irving Jaffee 2 Jack Shea 2 Terry McDermott 2 Derek Parra 1 1 1 Charley Jewtraw 1 Peter Mueller 1 Casey FitzRandolph 1 Ken Bartholomew 1 Bill Disney 1 Bobby Fitzgerald 1 Don McDermott 1 Eddie Murphy 1 Brian Hansen 1 1 1 John O'Neil Farrell 1 Leo Freisinger 1 Dan Immerfall 1 Kip Carpenter

Most Gold Medals, USA, Men 5 Eric Heiden 2 Shani Davis 2 Irving Jaffee 2 Jack Shea 1 Chad Hedrick 1 Joey Cheek 1 Terry McDermott 1 Derek Parra 1 Ken Henry 1 Dan Jansen 1 Charley Jewtraw 1 Peter Mueller 1 Casey FitzRandolph

Most Medals, USA, Women 6 Bonnie Blair 4 3 3 3 Leah Poulos-Mueller 2 2 1 Jenny Fish 1 Mary Meyers 1 Jeanne Ashworth 1

Most Gold Medals, USA, Women 5 Bonnie Blair 1 Dianne Holum 1 Chris Witty 1 Sheila Young 1 Anne Henning

Most Medals, USA, Games, USA, Men 5 Eric Heiden (1980) 3 Chad Hedrick (2006) 2 Irving Jaffee (1932) 2 Jack Shea (1932) 2 Derek Parra (2002) 2 Joey Cheek (2006) 2 Shani Davis (2006) 2 Shani Davis (2010) 2 Chad Hedrick (2010)

Most Gold Medals, USA, Games, USA, Men 5 Eric Heiden (1980) 2 Irving Jaffee (1932) 2 Jack Shea (1932) 1 Charley Jewtraw (1924) 1 Ken Henry (1952) 1 Terry McDermott (1964) 1 Peter Mueller (1976) 1 Dan Jansen (1994) 1 Casey FitzRandolph (2002) 1 Derek Parra (2002) 1 Chad Hedrick (2006) 1 Joey Cheek (2006) 1 Shani Davis (2006) 1 Shani Davis (2010)

Most Medals, USA, Games, USA, Women 3 Sheila Young (1976) 2 Bonnie Blair (1992) 2 Bonnie Blair (1994) 2 Dianne Holum (1972) 2 Anne Henning (1972) 2 Bonnie Blair (1988) 2 Leah Poulos-Mueller (1980) 2 Dianne Holum (1968) 2 Chris Witty (1998) 2 Jennifer Rodriguez (2002)

Most Gold Medals, USA, Games, USA, Women 2 Bonnie Blair (1992) 2 Bonnie Blair (1994) 1 Sheila Young (1976) 1 Dianne Holum (1972) 1 Anne Henning (1972) 1 Bonnie Blair (1988) 1 Chris Witty (2002)

Most Appearances, USA, Men 4 KC Boutiette (1994/1998/2002/2006) 4 Dan Jansen (1984/1988/1992/1994) 3 Valentine Bialas (1924/1928/1932) 3 Ken Henry (1948/1952/1956) 3 Terry McDermott (1960/1964/1968) 3 Nick Thometz (1984/1988/1992) 3 Johnny Werket (1948/1952/1956) 3 Mike Woods (1976/1980/1984) 3 Casey FitzRandolph (1998/2002/2006) 3 Dave Cruikshank (1992/1994/1998) 3 Nate Mills (1992/1994/1998)

Most Appearances, USA, Women 4 Chris Witty (1994/1998/2002/2006) 4 Mary Docter (1980/1984/1988/1992) 4 Jennifer Rodriguez (1998/2002/2006/2010) 4 Catherine Raney Norman (1998/2002/2006/2010) 4 Bonnie Blair (1984/1988/1992/1994) 3 Jeanne Omelenchuk (1960/1968/1972) 3 Nancy Swider-Peltz (1976/1984/1988) 3 Jeanne Ashworth (1960/1964/1968) 3 Leah Poulos-Mueller (1972/1976/1980) 3 Amy Sannes (1998/2002/2006) 3 Elli Ochowicz (2002/2006/2010) 3 Kristen Talbot (1988/1992/1994)

Youngest Competitor, USA, Men 17-242 Eric Heiden (1976-5,000 metres, *14 June 1958) 17-244 Heiden (1976-1,500 metres, *14 June 1958) 18-177 Eddie Rudolph, Jr. (1960-500 metres, *31 August 1941) 18-179 Rudolph, Jr. (1960-1,500 metres, *31 August 1941) 18-238 Dan Jansen (1984-500 metres, *17 June 1965) 18-238 Craig Kressler (1980-5,000 metres, *23 June 1961) 18-241 Kressler (1980-1,000 metres, *23 June 1961) 18-242 Jansen (1984-1,000 metres, *17 June 1965) 18-243 Kressler (1980-1,500 metres, *23 June 1961) 18-245 Kressler (1980-10,000 metres, *23 June 1961) 19-023 Ken Henry (1948-500 metres, *7 January 1929) 19-024 Henry (1948-5,000 metres, *7 January 1929) 19-025 Henry (1948-1,500 metres, *7 January 1929) 19-028 Tom Gray (1964-500 metres, *6 January 1945) 19-077 Mark Greenwald (1988-5,000 metres, *1 December 1968) 19-080 Greenwald (1988-1,500 metres, *1 December 1968) 19-156 Terry McDermott (1960-500 metres, *20 September 1940) 19-170 Brian Hansen (2010-1,500 metres, *3 September 1990) 19-176 Hansen (2010-Team Pursuit (8 laps), *3 September 1990) 19-229 Gary Jonland (1972-1,500 metres, *21 June 1952)

Youngest Medalist, USA, Men 19-177 Brian Hansen (2010-Team Pursuit (8 laps), *3 September 1990) 19-350 Jonathan Kuck (2010-Team Pursuit (8 laps), *14 March 1990) 20-004 Leo Freisinger (1936-500 metres, *7 February 1916) 20-058 Dan Immerfall (1976-500 metres, *14 December 1955) 20-328 Trevor Marsicano (2010-Team Pursuit (8 laps), *5 April 1989)

Youngest Gold Medalist, USA, Men 21-150 Jack Shea (1932-500 metres, *7 September 1910) 21-151 Shea (1932-1,500 metres, *7 September 1910) 21-200 Peter Mueller (1976-1,000 metres, *27 July 1954) 21-246 Eric Heiden (1980-500 metres, *14 June 1958) 21-247 Heiden (1980-5,000 metres, *14 June 1958) 21-250 Heiden (1980-1,000 metres, *14 June 1958) 21-252 Heiden (1980-1,500 metres, *14 June 1958) 21-254 Heiden (1980-10,000 metres, *14 June 1958)

Oldest Competitor, USA, Men 35-343 Derek Parra (2006-1,500 metres, *15 March 1970) 35-337 Parra (2006-Team Pursuit (8 laps), *15 March 1970) 35-310 KC Boutiette (2006-Team Pursuit (8 laps), *11 April 1970) 35-306 Boutiette (2006-5,000 metres, *11 April 1970) 35-259 Bill Carow (1960-500 metres, *9 June 1924) 34-149 Marc Pelchat (2002-500 metres, *16 September 1967) 33-101 Del Lamb (1948-500 metres, *22 October 1914) 32-315 Chad Hedrick (2010-Team Pursuit (8 laps), *17 April 1977) 32-309 Hedrick (2010-1,500 metres, *17 April 1977) 32-306 Hedrick (2010-1,000 metres, *17 April 1977) 32-302 Hedrick (2010-5,000 metres, *17 April 1977) 31-344 Parra (2002-10,000 metres, *15 March 1970) 31-341 Parra (2002-1,500 metres, *15 March 1970) 31-331 Parra (2002-5,000 metres, *15 March 1970) 31-306 Bill Disney (1964-500 metres, *3 April 1932) 31-304 Boutiette (2002-5,000 metres, *11 April 1970) 31-278 Mike Woods (1984-10,000 metres, *15 May 1952) 31-274 Allan Potts (1936-1,500 metres, *14 May 1904) 31-272 Potts (1936-500 metres, *14 May 1904) 31-272 Woods (1984-5,000 metres, *15 May 1952) 31-232 Bill Carow (1956-500 metres, *9 June 1924)

Oldest Medalist, USA, Men 32-316 Chad Hedrick (2010-Team Pursuit (8 laps), *17 April 1977) 32-306 Hedrick (2010-1,000 metres, *17 April 1977) 31-341 Derek Parra (2002-1,500 metres, *15 March 1970) 31-331 Parra (2002-5,000 metres, *15 March 1970) 28-313 Hedrick (2006-10,000 metres, *17 April 1977) 28-310 Hedrick (2006-1,500 metres, *17 April 1977) 28-300 Hedrick (2006-5,000 metres, *17 April 1977) 28-246 Dan Jansen (1994-1,000 metres, *17 June 1965) 27-355 Ken Bartholomew (1948-500 metres, *10 February 1920) 27-326 Bill Disney (1960-500 metres, *3 April 1932)

Oldest Gold Medalist, USA, Men 31-341 Derek Parra (2002-1,500 metres, *15 March 1970) 28-300 Chad Hedrick (2006-5,000 metres, *17 April 1977) 28-246 Dan Jansen (1994-1,000 metres, *17 June 1965)

Youngest Competitor, USA, Women 14-288 Kay Lunda (1972-500 metres, *28 April 1957) 14-348 Connie Carpenter-Phinney (1972-1,500 metres, *26 February 1957) 15-279 Sarah Docter (1980-1,500 metres, *10 May 1964) 15-280 Docter (1980-500 metres, *10 May 1964) 15-282 Docter (1980-1,000 metres, *10 May 1964) 15-285 Docter (1980-3,000 metres, *10 May 1964) 16-134 Beth Heiden (1976-3,000 metres, *27 September 1959) 16-157 Anne Henning (1972-500 metres, *6 September 1955) 16-158 Henning (1972-1,000 metres, *6 September 1955) 16-261 Cornelia Harrington (1960-3,000 metres, *7 June 1943) 16-266 Dianne Holum (1968-500 metres, *19 May 1951) 16-267 Holum (1968-1,500 metres, *19 May 1951) 16-268 Holum (1968-1,000 metres, *19 May 1951) 17-010 Chris Scheels (1994-3,000 metres, *7 February 1977) 17-151 Kristen Talbot (1988-500 metres, *24 September 1970) 17-227 Holum (1998-3,000 metres, *29 June 1980) 17-236 Holum (1998-5,000 metres, *29 June 1980) 17-236 Catherine Raney Norman (1998-3,000 metres, *20 June 1980)

Youngest Medalist, USA, Women 16-157 Anne Henning (1972-500 metres, *6 September 1955) 16-158 Henning (1972-1,000 metres, *6 September 1955) 16-266 Dianne Holum (1968-500 metres, *19 May 1951) 16-268 Holum (1968-1,000 metres, *19 May 1951) 18-268 Jenny Fish (1968-500 metres, *17 May 1949) 20-146 Beth Heiden (1980-3,000 metres, *27 September 1959) 20-266 Holum (1972-1,500 metres, *19 May 1951) 20-269 Holum (1972-3,000 metres, *19 May 1951) 21-234 Jeanne Ashworth (1960-500 metres, *1 July 1938)

Youngest Gold Medalist, USA, Women 16-157 Anne Henning (1972-500 metres, *6 September 1955) 20-266 Dianne Holum (1972-1,500 metres, *19 May 1951) 23-340 Bonnie Blair (1988-500 metres, *18 March 1964)

Oldest Competitor, USA, Women 40-324 Jeanne Omelenchuk (1972-3,000 metres, *25 March 1931) 36-324 Omelenchuk (1968-3,000 metres, *25 March 1931) 36-322 Omelenchuk (1968-1,500 metres, *25 March 1931) 33-263 Jennifer Rodriguez (2010-Team Pursuit (6 laps), *8 June 1976) 33-258 Rodriguez (2010-1,500 metres, *8 June 1976) 33-255 Rodriguez (2010-1,000 metres, *8 June 1976) 33-253 Rodriguez (2010-500 metres, *8 June 1976) 31-328 Kristine Holzer (2006-3,000 metres, *21 March 1974) 31-191 Nancy Swider-Peltz (1988-5,000 metres, *20 August 1956) 31-189 Swider-Peltz (1988-1,000 metres, *20 August 1956) 31-005 Mary Docter (1992-5,000 metres, *11 February 1961) 31-000 Docter (1992-1,500 metres, *11 February 1961) 30-363 Docter (1992-3,000 metres, *11 February 1961) 30-242 Chris Witty (2006-1,000 metres, *23 June 1975) 30-237 Witty (2006-500 metres, *23 June 1975) 29-352 Moira D'Andrea (1998-1,000 metres, *4 March 1968) 29-349 D'Andrea (1998-1,500 metres, *4 March 1968) 29-346 D'Andrea (1998-500 metres, *4 March 1968) 29-342 Bonnie Blair (1994-1,000 metres, *18 March 1964) 29-340 Blair (1994-1,500 metres, *18 March 1964) 29-338 Blair (1994-500 metres, *18 March 1964) 29-259 Rodriguez (2006-1,500 metres, *8 June 1976) 29-256 Rodriguez (2006-1,000 metres, *8 June 1976) 29-252 Rodriguez (2006-Team Pursuit (6 laps), *8 June 1976) 29-251 Rodriguez (2006-500 metres, *8 June 1976) 29-251 Catherine Raney Norman (2010-Team Pursuit (6 laps), *20 June 1980) 29-246 Raney Norman (2010-1,500 metres, *20 June 1980) 29-239 Raney Norman (2010-3,000 metres, *20 June 1980) 29-226 Jeanne Ashworth (1968-3,000 metres, *1 July 1938) 29-225 Ashworth (1968-1,000 metres, *1 July 1938) 29-224 Ashworth (1968-1,500 metres, *1 July 1938)

Oldest Medalist, USA, Women 29-342 Bonnie Blair (1994-1,000 metres, *18 March 1964) 29-338 Blair (1994-500 metres, *18 March 1964) 28-135 Leah Poulos-Mueller (1980-1,000 metres, *5 October 1951) 28-133 Poulos-Mueller (1980-500 metres, *5 October 1951) 27-332 Blair (1992-1,000 metres, *18 March 1964) 27-328 Blair (1992-500 metres, *18 March 1964) 26-240 Chris Witty (2002-1,000 metres, *23 June 1975) 25-257 Jennifer Rodriguez (2002-1,500 metres, *8 June 1976) 25-254 Rodriguez (2002-1,000 metres, *8 June 1976) 25-116 Sheila Young (1976-1,000 metres, *14 October 1950) 25-115 Young (1976-500 metres, *14 October 1950) 25-114 Young (1976-1,500 metres, *14 October 1950)

Oldest Gold Medalist, USA, Women 29-342 Bonnie Blair (1994-1,000 metres, *18 March 1964) 29-338 Blair (1994-500 metres, *18 March 1964) 27-332 Blair (1992-1,000 metres, *18 March 1964) 27-328 Blair (1992-500 metres, *18 March 1964) 26-240 Chris Witty (2002-1,000 metres, *23 June 1975) 25-115 Sheila Young (1976-500 metres, *14 October 1950)

Medals Won by Countries RankUS RankEuro NOC Gold Silver Bronze Totals 1 2 , The 27 29 26 82 2 3 25 28 27 80 3 1 United States 29 22 16 67

Medals Won by Countries, Men RankUS RankEuro NOC Gold Silver Bronze Totals 1 1 Norway 24 28 26 78 2 3 Netherlands, The 15 21 20 56 3 2 United States 20 13 7 40

Medals Won by Countries, Women RankUS RankEuro NOC Gold Silver Bronze Totals 1 1 Germany 12 16 9 37 2 3 Soviet Union 12 7 10 29 3 4 United States 9 9 9 27 4 2 Netherlands, The 12 8 6 26

US Olympic Medals by Year Men Women Year Site Gold Silver Bronze Total Gold Silver Bronze Total 1924 Chamonix 1 - - 1 1928 St. Moritz - - 1 1 1932 Lake Placid 4 1 - 5 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen - - 1 1 1948 St. Moritz - 2 - 2 1952 Oslo 1 1 - 2 1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo - - - - 1960 Squaw Valley - 1 - 1 - - 1 1 1964 Innsbruck 1 - - 1 - - - - 1968 Grenoble - 1 - 1 - 3 1 4 1972 Sapporo - - - - 2 1 1 4 1976 Innsbruck 1 - 1 2 1 2 1 4 1980 Lake Placid 5 - - 5 - 2 1 3 1984 Sarajevo ------1988 Calgary - 1 - 1 1 - 1 2 1992 Albertville - - - - 2 - - 2 1994 Lillehammer 1 - - 1 2 - - 2 1998 Nagano - - - - - 1 1 2 2002 Salt Lake City 2 1 2 5 1 - 2 3 2006 Torino 3 3 1 7 - - - - 2010 Vancouver 1 2 1 4 - - - - Totals 20 13 7 40 9 9 9 27

Best Performance by Country at Each Olympics Men Women Overall 1924 - Finland ------1928 - Norway ------1932 - United States ------1936 - Norway ------1948 - Norway ------1952 - Norway ------1956 - USSR ------1960 - USSR USSR USSR 1964 - Norway USSR USSR 1968 - Norway Netherlands Netherlands 1972 - Netherlands Netherlands Netherlands 1976 - Norway USSR USSR 1980 - United States GDR United States 1984 - USSR GDR GDR 1988 - GDR GDR GDR 1992 - Norway Germany Germany 1994 - Norway Germany Norway 1998 - Netherlands Germany Netherlands 2002 - Netherlands Germany Netherlands 2006 - United States Canada Netherlands 2010 - Korea (South) Germany Netherlands 2014 - ......

Speed Skating – USA Olympic Best Progressions – Men 500 metres Time Place Pair Athlete Year Venue 45.6 =8 1 Joe Moore 1924 Chamonix 44.0 1 15 Charley Jewtraw 1924 Chamonix 43.6 =3 1 John O'Neil Farrell 1928 St. Moritz 43.4 1 final Jack Shea 1932 Lake Placid 43.2 =2 2 Bobby Fitzgerald 1948 St. Moritz 43.2 =2 19 Ken Bartholomew 1948 St. Moritz 43.2 1 14 Ken Henry 1952 Oslo 43.2 =25 4 Don McDermott 1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo 41.8 6 8 Bill Carow 1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo 40.9 =7 3 Terry McDermott 1960 Squaw Valley 40.3 2 5 Bill Disney 1960 Squaw Valley 40.1 1 17 Terry McDermott 1964 Innsbruck 39.57 5 2 Peter Mueller 1976 Innsbruck 39.54 3 10 Dan Immerfall 1976 Innsbruck 38.03 1 1 Eric Heiden 1980 Lake Placid 37.16 8 3 Nick Thometz 1988 Calgary 36.68 8 2 Dan Jansen 1994 Lillehammer 36.41 =15 5 Marc Pelchat 1998 Nagano 35.81 3 14 Casey FitzRandolph 1998 Nagano 34.99 13 4 Marc Pelchat 2002 Salt Lake City 34.68 3 9 Kip Carpenter 2002 Salt Lake City 34.42 1 16 Casey FitzRandolph 2002 Salt Lake City 75.11 36 --- Cory Carpenter 1998 Nagano 73.35 23 --- Marc Pelchat 1998 Nagano 72.20 6 --- Casey FitzRandolph 1998 Nagano 69.60 6 --- Joey Cheek 2002 Salt Lake City 69.47 3 --- Kip Carpenter 2002 Salt Lake City 69.23 1 --- Casey FitzRandolph 2002 Salt Lake City

1,000 metres Time Place Pair Athlete Year Venue 1:19.32 1 2 Peter Mueller 1976 Innsbruck 1:15.18 1 1 Eric Heiden 1980 Lake Placid 1:14.71 18 1 Nick Thometz 1988 Calgary 1:14.68 17 2 Tom Cushman 1988 Calgary 1:13.53 4 6 Eric Flaim 1988 Calgary 1:12.43 1 4 Dan Jansen 1994 Lillehammer 1:11.64 7 16 Casey FitzRandolph 1998 Nagano 1:07.89 4 17 Kip Carpenter 2002 Salt Lake City 1:07.61 3 20 Joey Cheek 2002 Salt Lake City

1,500 metres Time Place Pair Athlete Year Venue 2:36.0 12 8 Bill Steinmetz 1924 Chamonix 2:31.6 =8 11 Charley Jewtraw 1924 Chamonix 2:31.6 =8 13 Joe Moore 1924 Chamonix 2:29.8 7 16 Harry Kaskey 1924 Chamonix 2:25.9 5 2 Eddie Murphy 1928 St. Moritz 2:21.3 4 3 Leo Freisinger 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen 2:20.2 6 11 Johnny Werket 1948 St. Moritz 2:15.2 20 4 Pat McNamara 1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo 2:14.4 15 14 Dick Hunt 1964 Innsbruck 2:08.4 19 5 Richie Wurster 1968 Grenoble 2:07.24 7 7 Dan Carroll 1972 Sapporo 2:02.26 5 2 Dan Carroll 1976 Innsbruck 1:55.44 1 4 Eric Heiden 1980 Lake Placid 1:52.12 2 1 Eric Flaim 1988 Calgary 1:50.04 5 18 KC Boutiette 1998 Nagano 1:45.51 6 5 Nick Pearson 2002 Salt Lake City 1:43.95 1 21 Derek Parra 2002 Salt Lake City

5,000 metres Time Place Pair Athlete Year Venue 9:27.0 13 8 Charley Jewtraw 1924 Chamonix 9:05.6 8 9 Richard Donovan 1924 Chamonix 8:55.0 6 14 Valentine Bialas 1924 Chamonix 8:46.5 11 9 Robert Petersen 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen 8:25.5 31 2 Gene Sandvig 1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo 8:10.6 17 4 Pat McNamara 1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo 8:09.7 20 13 Dick Hunt 1964 Innsbruck 7:57.7 24 6 Bill Lanigan 1968 Grenoble 7:44.72 10 4 Dan Carroll 1972 Sapporo 7:36.46 6 13 Dan Carroll 1976 Innsbruck 7:02.29 1 2 Eric Heiden 1980 Lake Placid 6:51.98 9 7 Mark Greenwald 1988 Calgary 6:47.09 4 8 Eric Flaim 1988 Calgary 6:39.67 14 9 KC Boutiette 1998 Nagano 6:22.97 5 2 KC Boutiette 2002 Salt Lake City 6:17.98 2 12 Derek Parra 2002 Salt Lake City 6:14.68 1 12 Chad Hedrick 2006 Torino

10,000 metres Time Place Pair Athlete Year Venue 19:36.2 12 1 Joe Moore 1924 Chamonix 18:34.0 8 2 Valentine Bialas 1924 Chamonix 18:05.4 1 h2 Irving Jaffee 1932 Lake Placid 17:52.2 1 h2* Eddie Schroeder 1932 Lake Placid 17:52.0 8 7 Eddie Schroeder 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen 17:45.6 =27 1 Pat McNamara 1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo 16:49.3 15 4 Arnold Uhrlass 1960 Squaw Valley 16:37.6 10 10 Ross Zucco 1960 Squaw Valley 15:44.41 9 6 Dan Carroll 1972 Sapporo 15:19.29 7 1 Dan Carroll 1976 Innsbruck 14:39.53 4 1 Mike Woods 1980 Lake Placid 14:28.13 1 2 Eric Heiden 1980 Lake Placid 14:25.56 14 7 Dave Silk 1988 Calgary 14:05.57 4 10 Eric Flaim 1988 Calgary 13:44.03 8 1 KC Boutiette 1998 Nagano 13:32.99 12 3 Jason Hedstrand 2002 Salt Lake City 13:05.40 2 8 Chad Hedrick 2006 Torino

* Schroeder’s time was done in the heat two re-run.

Team Pursuit (8 laps) Time Place Round Athlete Year Venue 3:51.32 7 QR United States 2006 Torino (Charles Leveille, Clay Mull, Derek Parra) 3:44.11 2 QF2 United States 2006 Torino (KC Boutiette, Chad Hedrick, Charles Leveille) 3:42.71 1 SF2 United States 2010 Vancouver (Chad Hedrick, Jonathan Kuck, Trevor Marsicano) 3:41.58 2 Final United States 2010 Vancouver (Brian Hansen, Chad Hedrick, Jonathan Kuck)

Speed Skating – USA Olympic Best Progressions – Women 500 metres Time Place Pair Athlete Year Venue 47.9 10 1 Kathy Mulholland 1960 Squaw Valley 46.2 =4 11 Jan Smith 1964 Innsbruck 46.1 3 9 Jeanne Ashworth 1960 Squaw Valley 43.33 1 5 Anne Henning 1972 Sapporo 42.76 1 5 Sheila Young 1976 Innsbruck 42.26 2 4 Leah Poulos-Mueller 1980 Lake Placid 39.10 1 4 Bonnie Blair 1988 Calgary 39.09 6 18 Chris Witty 1998 Nagano 38.86 22 6 Elli Ochowicz 2002 Salt Lake City 38.71 =17 4 Becky Sundstrom 2002 Salt Lake City 38.36 12 7 Chris Witty 2002 Salt Lake City 80.90 26 --- Amy Sannes 1998 Nagano 79.86 =17 --- Becky Sundstrom 1998 Nagano 78.53 10 --- Chris Witty 1998 Nagano 77.60 20 --- Becky Sundstrom 2002 Salt Lake City 76.73 14 --- Chris Witty 2002 Salt Lake City

1,000 metres Time Place Pair Athlete Year Venue 1:39.8 15 3 Jeanne Omelenchuk 1960 Squaw Valley 1:36.5 8 8 Jeanne Ashworth 1960 Squaw Valley 1:33.4 3 4 Dianne Holum 1968 Grenoble 1:31.62 3 4 Anne Henning 1972 Sapporo 1:28.57 2 5 Leah Poulos-Mueller 1976 Innsbruck 1:25.41 2 2 Leah Poulos-Mueller 1980 Lake Placid 1:18.31 3 3 Bonnie Blair 1988 Calgary 1:18.23 6 15 Becky Sundstrom 1998 Nagano 1:16.79 2 20 Chris Witty 1998 Nagano 1:15.88 16 9 Becky Sundstrom 2002 Salt Lake City 1:15.09 14 11 Amy Sannes 2002 Salt Lake City 1:13.83 1 15 Chris Witty 2002 Salt Lake City

1,500 metres Time Place Pair Athlete Year Venue 2:37.0 18 2 Barb Lockhart 1960 Squaw Valley 2:36.4 15 7 Jeanne Omelenchuk 1960 Squaw Valley 2:33.7 11 10 Jeanne Ashworth 1960 Squaw Valley 2:33.3 15 3 Judy Morstein 1964 Innsbruck 2:28.5 13 6 Dianne Holum 1968 Grenoble 2:20.85 1 5 Dianne Holum 1972 Sapporo 2:17.06 2 9 Sheila Young 1976 Innsbruck 2:15.11 13 4 Sarah Docter 1980 Lake Placid 2:13.10 7 1 Beth Heiden 1980 Lake Placid 2:12.94 17 7 Janet Goldman 1984 Sarajevo 2:12.14 14 8 Mary Docter 1984 Sarajevo 2:07.30 13 6 Katie Class 1988 Calgary 2:04.02 4 7 Bonnie Blair 1988 Calgary 2:03.44 4 2 Bonnie Blair 1994 Lillehammer 2:02.47 14 4 Moira D'Andrea 1998 Nagano 2:01.81 12 7 Becky Sundstrom 1998 Nagano 1:58.97 3 15 Chris Witty 1998 Nagano 1:55.71 5 10 Chris Witty 2002 Salt Lake City 1:55.32 3 20 Jennifer Rodriguez 2002 Salt Lake City

3,000 metres Time Place Pair Athlete Year Venue 6:03.1 19 1 Beverly Buhr 1960 Squaw Valley 5:57.5 18 4 Cornelia Harrington 1960 Squaw Valley 5:28.5 8 8 Jeanne Ashworth 1960 Squaw Valley 5:14.9 11 3 Jeanne Omelenchuk 1968 Grenoble 5:14.0 10 10 Jeanne Ashworth 1968 Grenoble 4:58.67 2 3 Dianne Holum 1972 Sapporo 4:48.46 7 2 Nancy Swider-Peltz 1976 Innsbruck 4:33.77 3 1 Beth Heiden 1980 Lake Placid 4:29.93 19 3 Mary Docter 1988 Calgary 4:25.26 11 9 Janet Goldman 1988 Calgary 4:22.55 22 2 Catherine Raney Norman 1998 Nagano 4:11.64 4 11 Jennifer Rodriguez 1998 Nagano 4:07.59 13 8 Catherine Raney Norman 2002 Salt Lake City 4:04.99 7 13 Jennifer Rodriguez 2002 Salt Lake City

5,000 metres Time Place Pair Athlete Year Venue 7:37.00 11 2 Mary Docter 1988 Calgary 7:36.98 10 7 Janet Goldman 1988 Calgary 7:14.20 7 5 Kirstin Holum 1998 Nagano 7:06.89 9 3 Catherine Raney Norman 2002 Salt Lake City 7:04.91 7 5 Catherine Raney Norman 2006 Torino

Team Pursuit (6 laps) Time Place Pair Athlete Year Venue 3:07.83 6 QR United States 2006 Torino (Maggie Crowley, Maria Lamb, Amy Sannes) 3:04.59 2 QF1 United States 2006 Torino (Maria Lamb, Catherine Raney Norman, Jennifer Rodriguez) 3:04.22 1 5-6 United States 2006 Torino (Maggie Crowley, Maria Lamb, Catherine Raney Norman) 3:02.19 1 QF4 United States 2010 Vancouver (Jennifer Rodriguez, Jilleanne Rookard, Nancy Swider-Peltz, Jr.)

SPEED SKATING – THE EVENTS / USA Men 500 metres Medals Won by Countries RankUS RankEuro NOC Gold Silver Bronze Totals 1 1 United States 7 5 4 16

Most Victories, USA 1 Charley Jewtraw (1924) 1 Jack Shea (1932) 1 Ken Henry (1952) 1 Terry McDermott (1964) 1 Eric Heiden (1980) 1 Case FitzRandolph (2002) 1 Joey Cheek (2006)

Most Medals, USA 2 Terry McDermott (1964/68-110) 1 Charley Jewtraw (1924-100) 1 Jack Shea (1932-100) 1 Ken Henry (1952-100) 1 Eric Heiden (1980-100) 1 Casey FitzRandolph (2002-100) 1 Joey Cheek (2006-100) 1 Ken Bartholomew (1948-010) 1 Bobby Fitzgerald (1948-010) 1 Don McDermott (1952-010) 1 Bill Disney (1960-010) 1 John O'Neil Farrell (1928-001) 1 Leo Freisinger (1936-001) 1 Dan Immerfall (1976-001) 1 Kip Carpenter (2002-001)

Youngest Competitor, USA 18-177 Eddie Rudolph, Jr. (1960, *31 August 1941)

Youngest Medalist, USA 20-004 Leo Freisinger (1936, *7 February 1916)

Youngest Gold Medalist, USA 21-150 Jack Shea (1932, *7 September 1910)

Oldest Competitor, USA 35-259 Bill Carow (1960, *9 June 1924)

Oldest Medalist, USA 27-355 Ken Bartholomew (1948, *10 February 1920)

Oldest Gold Medalist, USA 27-022 Casey FitzRandolph (2002, *21 January 1975)

1,000 metres Medals Won by Countries RankUS RankEuro NOC Gold Silver Bronze Totals 1 1 United States 5 1 2 8

Most Victories, USA 2 Shani Davis (2006-10) 1 Peter Mueller (1976) 1 Eric Heiden (1980) 1 Dan Jansen (1994)

Most Medals, USA 2 Shani Davis (2006/10-200) 2 Joey Cheek (2002/06-011) 1 Peter Mueller (1976-100) 1 Eric Heiden (1980-100) 1 Dan Jansen (1994-100) 1 Chad Hedrick (2010-001)

Youngest Competitor, USA 18-241 Craig Kressler (1980, *23 June 1961)

Youngest Medalist, USA 21-200 Peter Mueller (1976, *27 July 1954)

Youngest Gold Medalist, USA 21-200 Peter Mueller (1976, *27 July 1954)

Oldest Competitor, USA 32-306 Chad Hedrick (2010, *17 April 1977)

Oldest Medalist, USA 32-306 Chad Hedrick (2010, *17 April 1977)

Oldest Gold Medalist, USA 28-246 Dan Jansen (1994, *17 June 1965)

1,500 metres Medals Won by Countries RankUS RankEuro NOC Gold Silver Bronze Totals 1 1 Norway 8 7 8 23 2 3 Netherlands, The 3 6 4 13 3 2 Soviet Union 4 2 2 8 4 4 United States 3 3 1 7

Most Victories, USA 1 Jack Shea (1932) 1 Eric Heiden (1980) 1 Derek Parra (2002)

Most Medals, USA 2 Shani Davis (2006/10-020) 1 Jack Shea (1932-100) 1 Eric Heiden (1980-100) 1 Derek Parra (2002-100) 1 Eric Flaim (1988-010) 1 Chad Hedrick (2006-001)

Youngest Competitor, USA 17-244 Eric Heiden (1976, *14 June 1958)

Youngest Medalist, USA 20-348 Eric Flaim (1988, *9 March 1967)

Youngest Gold Medalist, USA 21-151 Jack Shea (1932, *7 September 1910)

Oldest Competitor, USA 35-343 Derek Parra (2006, *15 March 1970)

Oldest Medalist, USA 31-341 Derek Parra (2002, *15 March 1970)

Oldest Gold Medalist, USA 31-341 Derek Parra (2002, *15 March 1970)

5,000 metres Medals Won by Countries RankUS RankEuro NOC Gold Silver Bronze Totals 1 1 Norway 9 6 6 21 2 2 Netherlands, The 4 7 6 17 3 3 United States 3 2 - 5

Most Victories, USA 1 Irving Jaffee (1932) 1 Eric Heiden (1980) 1 Chad Hedrick (2006)

Most Medals, USA 1 Irving Jaffee (1932-100) 1 Eddie Murphy (1932-010) 1 Eric Heiden (1980-100) 1 Derek Parra (2002-010) 1 Chad Hedrick (2006-100)

Youngest Competitor, USA 17-242 Eric Heiden (1976, *14 June 1958)

Youngest Medalist, USA 21-247 Eric Heiden (1980, *14 June 1958)

Youngest Gold Medalist, USA 21-247 Eric Heiden (1980, *14 June 1958)

Oldest Competitor, USA 35-306 KC Boutiette (2006, *11 April 1970)

Oldest Medalist, USA 31-331 Derek Parra (2002, *15 March 1970)

Oldest Gold Medalist, USA 28-300 Chad Hedrick (2006, *17 April 1977)

10,000 metres Medals Won by Countries RankUS RankEuro NOC Gold Silver Bronze Totals 1 1 Netherlands, The 6 5 6 17 2 3 Norway 4 7 6 17 3 2 Sweden 5 1 3 9 4 5 Finland 1 3 1 5 5 4 United States 2 1 - 3

Most Victories, USA 1 Irving Jaffee (1932) 1 Eric Heiden (1980)

Most Medals, USA 1 Irving Jaffee (1932-100) 1 Eric Heiden (1980-100) 1 Chad Hedrick (2006-010)

Youngest Competitor, USA 18-245 Craig Kressler (1980, *23 June 1961)

Youngest Medalist, USA 21-254 Eric Heiden (1980, *14 June 1958)

Youngest Gold Medalist, USA 21-254 Eric Heiden (1980, *14 June 1958)

Oldest Competitor, USA 31-344 Derek Parra (2002, *15 March 1970)

Oldest Medalist, USA 28-313 Chad Hedrick (2006, *17 April 1977)

Oldest Gold Medalist, USA 25-146 Irving Jaffee (1932, *15 September 1906)

Team Pursuit (8 laps) Medals Won by Countries RankUS RankEuro NOC Gold Silver Bronze Totals 1 1 Canada 1 1 - 2 2 4 Netherlands, The - - 2 2 3 2 Italy 1 - - 1 4 3 United States - 1 - 1

Most Medals, USA 1 Chad Hedrick (2010-010) 1 Trevor Marsicano (2010-010) 1 Jonathan Kuck (2010-010) 1 Brian Hansen (2010-010)

Youngest Competitor, USA 19-176 Brian Hansen (2010, *3 September 1990)

Youngest Medalist, USA 32-316 Chad Hedrick (2010, *17 April 1977)

Oldest Competitor, USA 35-337 Derek Parra (2006, *15 March 1970)

Oldest Medalist, USA 19-177 Brian Hansen (2010, *3 September 1990)

Women 500 metres Medals Won by Countries RankUS RankEuro NOC Gold Silver Bronze Totals 1 1 United States 5 4 1 10

Most Victories, USA 3 Bonnie Blair (1988-92-94) 1 Anne Henning (1972) 1 Sheila Young (1976)

Most Medals, USA 3 Bonnie Blair (1988/92/94-300) 1 Jeanne Ashworth (1960-001) 1 Jenny Fish (1968-010) 1 Dianne Holum (1968-010) 1 Mary Meyers (1968-010) 1 Anne Henning (1972-100) 1 Sheila Young (1976-100) 1 Leah Poulos-Mueller (1980-010)

Youngest Competitor, USA 14-288 Kay Lunda (1972, *28 April 1957)

Youngest Medalist, USA 16-157 Anne Henning (1972, *6 September 1955)

Youngest Gold Medalist, USA 16-157 Anne Henning (1972, *6 September 1955)

Oldest Competitor, USA 33-253 Jennifer Rodriguez (2010, *8 June 1976)

Oldest Medalist, USA 29-338 Bonnie Blair (1994, *18 March 1964)

Oldest Gold Medalist, USA 29-338 Bonnie Blair (1994, *18 March 1964)

1,000 metres Medals Won by Countries RankUS RankEuro NOC Gold Silver Bronze Totals 1 2 United States 3 3 5 11

Most Victories, USA 2 Bonnie Blair (1992-94) 1 Chris Witty (2002)

Most Medals, USA 3 Bonnie Blair (1988/92/94-201) 2 Chris Witty (1998/2002-110) 2 Leah Poulos-Mueller (1976/80-020) 1 Dianne Holum (1968-001) 1 Anne Henning (1972-001) 1 Sheila Young (1976-001) 1 Jennifer Rodriguez (2002-001)

Youngest Competitor, USA 15-282 Sarah Docter (1980, *10 May 1964)

Youngest Medalist, USA 16-158 Anne Henning (1972, *6 September 1955)

Youngest Gold Medalist, USA 26-240 Chris Witty (2002, *23 June 1975)

Oldest Competitor, USA 33-255 Jennifer Rodriguez (2010, *8 June 1976)

Oldest Medalist, USA 29-342 Bonnie Blair (1994, *18 March 1964)

Oldest Gold Medalist, USA 29-342 Bonnie Blair (1994, *18 March 1964)

1,500 metres Medals Won by Countries RankUS RankEuro NOC Gold Silver Bronze Totals 1 1 Netherlands, The 4 3 3 10 2 2 Soviet Union 3 - 3 6 3 3 Germany 2 3 1 6 4 4 German Demo. Rep. 1 2 2 5 5 6 United States 1 1 2 4 6 5 Canada 1 2 - 3

Most Victories, USA 1 Dianne Holum (1972)

Most Medals, USA 1 Dianne Holum (1972-100) 1 Sheila Young (1976-010) 1 Chris Witty (1998-001) 1 Jennifer Rodriguez (2002-001)

Youngest Competitor, USA 14-348 Connie Carpenter-Phinney (1972, *26 February 1957)

Youngest Medalist, USA 20-266 Dianne Holum (1972, *19 May 1951)

Youngest Gold Medalist, USA 20-266 Dianne Holum (1972, *19 May 1951)

Oldest Competitor, USA 36-322 Jeanne Omelenchuk (1968, *25 March 1931)

Oldest Medalist, USA 25-257 Jennifer Rodriguez (2002, *8 June 1976)

Oldest Gold Medalist, USA 20-266 Dianne Holum (1972, *19 May 1951)

3,000 metres Medals Won by Countries RankUS RankEuro NOC Gold Silver Bronze Totals 1 1 Netherlands, The 4 2 2 8 2 2 Germany 3 3 2 8 3 4 German Demo. Rep. 1 4 2 7 4 3 Soviet Union 3 2 - 5 5 12 Canada - - 3 3 6 5 Norway 1 - 1 2 =7 =8 Austria - 1 1 2 =7 =8 Finland - 1 1 2 =7 =8 United States - 1 1 2 =10 =6 Czech Republic 1 - - 1 =10 =6 Russia 1 - - 1

Most Medals, USA 1 Dianne Holum (1972-010) 1 Beth Heiden (1980-001)

Youngest Competitor, USA 15-285 Sarah Docter (1980, *10 May 1964)

Youngest Medalist, USA 20-146 Beth Heiden (1980, *27 September 1959)

Oldest Competitor, USA 40-324 Jeanne Omelenchuk (1972, *25 March 1931)

Oldest Medalist, USA 20-269 Dianne Holum (1972, *19 May 1951)

5,000 metres Best Finish, USA 7th Kirstin Holum (1998) 7th Catherine Raney Norman (2006)

Youngest Competitor, USA 17-236 Kirstin Holum (1998, *29 June 1980)

Oldest Competitor, USA 31-191 Nancy Swider-Peltz (1988, *20 August 1956)

Team Pursuit (6 laps) Best Finish, USA 4th USA Team (2010) (Catherine Raney Norman, Jennifer Rodriguez, Jilleanne Rookard, Nancy Swider-Peltz, Jr.)

Youngest Competitor, USA 19-335 Maggie Crowley (2006, *17 March 1986)

Oldest Competitor, USA 33-263 Jennifer Rodriguez (2010, *8 June 1976)

USA Olympic Speed Skating Medalists Speedskating – Men Bartholomew, Ken. *10 February 1920. 1948: 500 metres (2). Carpenter, Kip. *30 April 1979. 2002: 500 metres (3). Cheek, Joey. *22 June 1979. 2002: 1,000 metres (3). 2006: 500 metres (1); 1,000 metres (2). Davis, Shani. *13 August 1982. 2006: 1,000 metres (1); 1,500 metres (2). 2010: 1,000 metres (1); 1,500 metres (2). Disney, Bill. *3 April 1932. 1960: 500 metres (2). Farrell, John O'Neil. *28 August 1906. 1928: 500 metres (3). Fitzgerald, Bobby. *3 October 1923. 1948: 500 metres (2). FitzRandolph, Casey. *21 January 1975. 2002: 500 metres (1). Flaim, Eric. *9 March 1967. 1988: 1,500 metres (2). Freisinger, Leo. *7 February 1916. 1936: 500 metres (3). Hansen, Brian. *3 September 1990. 2010: Team Pursuit (2). Hedrick, Chad. *17 April 1977. 2006: 5,000 metres (1); 10,000 metres (2); 1,500 metres (3). 2010: Team Pursuit (2); 1,000 metres (3). Heiden, Eric. *14 June 1958. 1980: 10,000 metres (1); 1,500 metres (1); 1,000 metres (1); 5,000 metres (1); 500 metres (1). Henry, Ken. *7 January 1929. 1952: 500 metres (1). Immerfall, Dan. *14 December 1955. 1976: 500 metres (3). Jaffee, Irving. *15 September 1906. 1932: 10,000 metres (1); 5,000 metres (1). Jansen, Dan. *17 June 1965. 1994: 1,000 metres (1). Jewtraw, Charley. *5 May 1900. 1924: 500 metres (1). Kuck, Jonathan. *14 March 1990. 2010: Team Pursuit (2). Marsicano, Trevor. *5 April 1989. 2010: Team Pursuit (2). McDermott, Don. *7 December 1929. 1952: 500 metres (2). McDermott, Terry. *20 September 1940. 1964: 500 metres (1). 1968: 500 metres (2). Mueller, Peter. *27 July 1954. 1976: 1,000 metres (1). Murphy, Eddie. *1 February 1905. 1932: 5,000 metres (2). Parra, Derek. *15 March 1970. 2002: 1,500 metres (1); 5,000 metres (2). Shea, Jack. *7 September 1910. 1932: 1,500 metres (1); 500 metres (1).

Speedskating – Women Ashworth, Jeanne. *1 July 1938. 1960: 500 metres (3). Blair, Bonnie. *18 March 1964. 1988: 500 metres (1); 1,000 metres (3). 1992: 1,000 metres (1); 500 metres (1). 1994: 1,000 metres (1); 500 metres (1). Fish, Jenny. *17 May 1949. 1968: 500 metres (2). Heiden, Beth. *27 September 1959. 1980: 3,000 metres (3). Henning, Anne. *6 September 1955. 1972: 500 metres (1); 1,000 metres (3). Holum, Dianne. *19 May 1951. 1968: 500 metres (2); 1,000 metres (3). 1972: 1,500 metres (1); 3,000 metres (2). Meyers, Mary. *10 February 1946. 1968: 500 metres (2). Poulos-Mueller, Leah. *5 October 1951. 1976: 1,000 metres (2). 1980: 1,000 metres (2); 500 metres (2). Rodriguez, Jennifer. *8 June 1976. 2002: 1,500 metres (3); 1,000 metres (3). Witty, Chris. *23 June 1975. 1998: 1,000 metres (2); 1,500 metres (3). 2002: 1,000 metres (1). Young, Sheila. *14 October 1950. 1976: 500 metres (1); 1,500 metres (2); 1,000 metres (3).