East African Researcher Editor SAMUEL SSOZI KAFUUMA EDITORIAL BOARD Samuel Ssozi Kafuuma Jacqueline Nakaiza Kisubi Brothers University College SNE Consultants Inc. Dr. Dalton E. Ssegawa Dr. Hillary Mukwenda Kyambogo University National Council for Higher Education Dr. Lubaale Yevani A. Moses Dr. Vincent Ssekate Makerere University Kisubi Brothers University College Dr. Bernard Luwerekera Dr. Sarah Kyolaba Kisubi Brothers University College Kampala International University Lugemwa Emmanuel Sr. Eva Tumusiime Kisubi Brothers University College Kisubi Brothers University College EXTERNAL ADVISORY BOARD Dr. Albert Luswata Dr. Livingstone Ddungu Uganda Martyrs University Makerere University Ambasaddor Samuel Baligidde Dr. P. N. Ouma Uganda Martyrs University Strathmore University Dr. Prosy Ssentamu Dr. Robert Esuruku Uganda Management Institute University of Notre Dame Prof. Ddumba Ssentamu Makerere University Prof. Yiga Andrew Dr. Segun O. Adedeji Nkumba University University of Ibadan East African Researcher (EAR) publishes empirical articles, critical reviews and case studies that are of interest to policy makers, scholars and practitioners. The Journal puts particular focus upon issues that are of concern to the Third World. It is the goal of the Journal to advance knowledge and debate in fields that are critical to the development of the Third World, by providing a platform through which scholars and practitioners can share their views, findings and experiences. Due to the diverse nature of development, contributions are accepted from a wide range of disciplines and preference is given to articles that integrate multiple disciplinary perspectives. Contributions that examine developments at national, regional and continental level are particularly welcome. All the manuscripts received are subjected to blind review, by the Editor and at least two editorial consultants. The editorial policy of JDS aims at giving authors timely and constructive feedback and the Journal is particularly interested in assisting able researchers but who may be inexperienced in the area of publishing. © 2012 Kisubi Brothers University College. All rights reserved. EAR and the individual contributions contained therein are protected under copyright by Kisubi Brothers University College and the following terms and conditions apply to their use: Photocopying : Single photocopies of single articles may be made for personal use as allowed under the Copyright Act. Permission of the copyright owner and payment of a fee is required for other photocopying, including multiple copying, copying for advertising/promotional purposes, resale and all forms of document delivery. Special rates are available for educational institutions that wish to make copies for non-profit educational use. Permissions may be sought directly from Kisubi Brothers University College (P. O. 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Annual Institutional Subscription Rates 2012: USD 80 for East Africa; USD 110 for the rest of Africa; USD 130 for all the other countries. Annual Personal Subscription Rates 2012: USD 15 for East Africa; USD 20 for the rest of Africa; USD 25 for all the other countries. Prices include postage and are subject to change without prior notice. Editorial office, orders, advertising and enquiries : please contact the Kisubi Brothers University College, P. O. Box 182 Kisubi, Uganda; Tel.: +256772447862; e-mail: [email protected]. Readers should note that inclusion of adverts in EAR does not constitute endorsement of the materials being advertised by the journal or Kisubi Brothers University College. Disclaimer : Kisubi Brothers University College and the Board of EAR make every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in the Journal. However, the University makes no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness or suitability for any purpose of the content and disclaim all such representations and warranties whether express or implied to the maximum extent permitted by law. Any views expressed in this publication are the views of the authors and are not necessarily the views of the Editor, Kisubi Brothers University College or their partners. East African Researcher 2/2 Jude Ssempebwa, Abisagi Ndagire Kasoma, Abraham Kule, Charles 1 Ssekyewa, David Nnyanzi, Gelvan Kisolo, Jeremiah Nyende, Joseph Masereka, Juliet Nambuubi, Laura Otaala, Lucy Dora Akello, Ne llie Florence Okullo, Peter Kanyandago, Peter Lugemwa, Richard Ouma, Steven Akabwai , Overcoming Poverty: Accounting for Stagnation and Upward Mobility in Central Uganda S. S. Auma -Okumu , Bullying in Secondary Schools: Bullies, Victims and 19 Schools’ Interventions S. A. Oyebade, S. A. Oladipo, L. Aigbokhan , Performance of Student 35 Hostels under Private Management in the University of Lagos: Implications for Policy Bada Joseph Kizito, Jarkko Suhonen, Erkki Sutinen , GASONEL: 55 Pedagogy and Software Design Method for HIV/AIDS Education Dickson S. O. Owiti, Ogidan Rotimi Joshua , Duration of Teaching 75 Practice Sessions: Suggestions for the Development of Teacher Education in Kenya D. Kakeeto, F. E. K. Bakkabulindi , ICT and Students’ Learn ing Practices 87 in Secondary Schools in Kampala and Wakiso Districts A. Y. Abdulkareem, Y. A. Fasasi , Management of Educational Facilities in 99 Nigerian Secondary Schools: the Roles of Administrators and Inspectors K. O. Fayokun , Ethical and Legal Aspects of Gene Technology 109 O. P. Akinnubi, I. A. Durosaro, L. A. Yahaya , Management of Social 121 Change and Challenges of Single Parenting in Kwara State, Nigeria Anthony Mugagga Muwagga , Gyaviira Musoke Genza , Rex Ssemulya , 129 School leadership and Catholic Identity in Roman Catholic-founded Schools in Uganda Catherine Nabayego , Informal Problem -solving Practices as a Strategy for 14 5 Improving Uganda’s Formal Education System Vincent Ssekate , Centrality and Actuality of the Concepts of “ Human Life ” 161 and of the Subjective Living Self - “Homo Vivens ” in the Current Anthropological Debate James Kizza , Technical Efficiency of Makerere University 1997 - 2007 171 Francis Blouin , The Christian Roots of Anti -Semitism 187 Guide lines for Authors Contributing to East African Researcher 199 Editorial This issue of East African Researcher is relatively thin, making up for the voluminous 2.1. Interestingly, it looks more diverse in disciplinary scope, touching on new dimensions on such issues as poverty alleviation, youth psychology, higher education student facilities management, e-health, teacher training, secondary school management, gene technology, family psychology, Catholic Philosophy of Education, and secondary education reform. The contributors are also diverse, hailing from varied geographical and disciplinary backgrounds. In the first paper, Ssempebwa et al pose and attempt to respond to one main question: “How come the poverty alleviation programmes/ projects that are enabling some households in central Uganda to transit poverty are not working for the households stagnating in poverty?” Using data drawn from 323 households, they concluded that that the households that are stagnating in poverty suffer from a broad syndrome of disadvantage, which affects their capacity to transit from poverty. However, and more interestingly, they also found that, despite their indisputable challenges, many of these households are stagnating in poverty because they don’t feel that they are poor. The authors note differences between these households’ view of poverty and the traditional view of poverty (by which they are characterized as poor). They concluded that poverty alleviation programs/ projects have not transformed them because the interventions delivered under the programmes/ projects are based on the traditional view of poverty. Therefore, the authors recommend that those designing/ implementing these programs/ projects synchronize their view of poverty with the views of the poor. Okum delves into the issue of youth violence in schools. Starting with examination of relevant theoretical expositions and literature, this paper describes youth violence and related mal behaviours in secondary schools before zeroing down to bullying one of the commonest form of youth violence in schools. The paper notes that the coercive behaviour associated with bullying may be physical and verbal. Either way, bullying has a devastating effect, often leading to violent and disastrous consequences for both the victims and the perpetrators. Okum concludes that effective schools can make a difference in reducing or eliminating bullying by encouraging positive interaction with