DOCSLIB.ORG

Frank H. Shoemaker, Self-Made Naturalist and Photographer

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Frank H. Shoemaker, Self-Made Naturalist and Photographer Frank H. Shoemaker, Self-Made Naturalist and Photographer (Article begins on page 2 below.) This article is copyrighted by History Nebraska (formerly the Nebraska State Historical Society). You may download it for your personal use. For permission to re-use materials, or for photo ordering information, see: https://history.nebraska.gov/publications/re-use-nshs-materials Learn more about Nebraska History (and search articles) here: https://history.nebraska.gov/publications/nebraska-history-magazine History Nebraska members receive four issues of Nebraska History annually: https://history.nebraska.gov/get-involved/membership Full Citation: Mary Ellen Ducey, Elaine Nowick, and Rebecca Bernthal, “Frank H Shoemaker, Self-Made Naturalist and Photographer,” Nebraska History 94 (2013): 2-19 Article Summary: Through photography and extensive field notes, Shoemaker created a significant record of Nebraska landscapes, flora, and fauna during the early twentieth century. Cataloging Information: Names: Frank H Shoemaker, Elizabeth Van Sant, Robert Wolcott, Lawrence Bruner, Raymond J Pool Nebraska Place Names: Panhandle, Sandhills, Lincoln, Omaha Keywords: Frank H Shoemaker, Elizabeth Van Sant, Nebraska Ornithologists Union (NOU), Salt Creek tiger beetles, University of Nebraska, Federal Writers Project Photographs / Images: Frank Shoemaker; butte southwest of Harrisburg, Banner County; outline map of Nebraska showing locations of Shoemaker photos in the article; red-shouldered hawk; young screech owls; Cut-Off Lake (now Carter Lake); Elizabeth Van Sant; Shoemaker, R H Wolcott, and I S Trestler at Cut-Off Lake; Branson Grove—Salt Creek; Salt Creek near Havelock; tiger beetles; woman searching a salt marsh for tiger beetles; tunnels of tiger beetles; detail of cottonwood bark; Priddy Ranch, Monroe Canyon, Sioux County; Mrs. Priddy and Joe; west Monroe Canyon; cow parsnip; map including Shoemakers’s 1911 field notes; blowout near Hackberry Lake, Cherry County; killdeers near Hackberry Lake; Hackberry Lake; field notes describing Hackberry Lake; Hot Creek Valley, Sioux County; badlands, Sioux County (2 views); Sioux County [flora] Frank H. SHoemaker, Self-made naturalist and Photographer BY MARY ELLEN DUCEY, ELAINE NOWICK, AND RebeCCA B ERNTHAL Frank Shoemaker, undated. Frank Shoemaker, Papers, 1890-1947, Archives & Special Collections, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries, 32301-00623. All photos in this article are from this collection, hereafter credited “UNL” followed by the identification number. 2 • NEBRASKA history rank Shoemaker ranks among important early Nebraskans who Fapplied their interest in nature to learning more about the state and its environmental history.1 As an amateur naturalist and an expert photographer, Shoemaker focused his life’s work on investigating, observ- ing, and recording birds, landscapes, beetles, and all types of natural flora and fauna. His work focused particularly on Nebraska landscapes in the Panhandle, the Sandhills, and in the once-rural areas of the Lincoln and Omaha metropolitan regions. Shoemaker’s lifelong interest in the natural world resulted in a valuable legacy of resources housed at the Archives & Special Collections, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries. These sources include Shoemaker’s natural history records and his personal letters, field notes, journals and narratives, and more than three thousand photographs. His letters to close friends and family, along with his carefully edited and typed field notes, illus- trate his strong inquisitive nature and his sense of humor. Shoemaker’s papers and documen- tary evidence of the state’s environmental history complement those of his academic contemporaries, such as Erwin H. Barbour, Raymond J. Pool, and Walter Keiner, whose papers are also housed at the University Libraries. The research and scholarship in these collections record the evolution of landscapes, birds, beetles, and other natural resources extant in Nebraska during the early twentieth century. Shoemaker labeled this photo “View NW along ledge where white throated Rock Swifts nested. Butte SW of Harrisburg, Banner Co. Nebr,” August 1911. UNL 32301-00589 SPRING 2013 • 3 As a young man, Shoemaker worked for his father and consequently missed his final year in high school. He wrote: “I became convinced that it was my duty to give it up and assist in the publica- tion of the newspaper, as my father’s health was at that time very poor. I pursued my various Locations of the Frank studies during the evenings, practically covering Shoemaker photos the twelfth grade work and going farther in certain shown in this article. of the more practical branches.”3 Efforts to expand his knowledge despite a lack of formal education Frank Henry Shoemaker was born on April 2, proved characteristic of Shoemaker’s entire life, 1875, in DeWitt, Clinton County, Iowa. His parents supported by his curiosity and his interest in all were Samuel Henry (S. H.) and Rette F. Ferre Shoe- things related to natural history studies. maker. He had one sister, Jessie, seven years his Bird study first dominated Shoemaker’s interests senior. S. H. Shoemaker supported his family as edi- and inspired him to devote much of his spare time tor of various newspapers in Iowa, first theDeWitt as a young man to expanding his knowledge of Observer, 1862 to 1888, the Cedar Rapids Gazette, species and habitats. Shoemaker collected bird 1888-1890, and last as editor of the Chronicle in nests and eggs and documented his findings and Hampton, Franklin County, Iowa.2 his outdoor adventures in field notes. He recorded notes on birds and their behaviors following “tramps” into the woods and fields around his home, documenting the information he discovered about Franklin County, Iowa. Early on he attended lectures of professional ornithologists, such as Herbert Osborn from the Iowa Agricultural College (now Iowa State University), who advised Shoemak- er to collect government bulletins to assist his bird studies.4 Taking this advice, Shoemaker wrote let- ters to the United States Department of Agriculture requesting publications on bird species. He sought assistance from the Smithsonian Institution “for collecting and preserving natural history material.”5 Red-shouldered hawk, These government publications were the founda- undated. UNL 32301-00610 tion for Shoemaker’s studies in ornithology. Young screech owls, Lincoln, undated. UNL 32301-00609 4 • NEBRASKA history At age fifteen, Shoemaker’s field notes indicate “A ‘cut-off’ from Cut-Off that his focus turned to observation rather than Lake, Omaha,” 1901. Formerly an oxbow in the collecting. Describing flickers in his front yard Missouri River, today it is Shoemaker noted that the birds “were boring in the known as Carter Lake. ground with their bills, though with what object I UNL 32301-00428 could not surmise. I watched them for some time from my room, and noticed the exact position in which they were working that I might examine after the birds had departed. Upon examination I found that they had been engaged in boring into the honey-combed ground occupied by ants’ nests, eating the insects or their larvae, or both. This is a thing I have never before noticed, but the manner in which they conducted themselves showed that it in the woods, not as a collector but as a natural- was no new business to them.”6 While Shoemaker ist, confining myself to observation out of respect noted that it was sometimes necessary to kill speci- for the day.”9 Shoemaker’s decision on that day mens for study, he acknowledged the greater value perhaps initiated the change that became perma- of research in natural settings.7 Reviewing his lists nent over the course of his life—a dedication to for Franklin County he wrote: “the other evening I observing nature in the forms that most interested found I had 104 varieties catalogued: this species him and recording it through documents and makes the 105th on my list. I cannot help being im- photographs. The publication of his records, in an pressed with how infinitely better it is to thus study 1896 pamphlet titled A Partial List of the Birds of bird life than to murder and destroy to further the Franklin County, Iowa, provides a second view on cause of ornithology.”8 bird studies. In the introduction Shoemaker wrote: In Shoemaker’s early records two statements “other matters have so occupied my time that no illustrate his shifting views on collecting and ob- opportunity has been given for systematic study in servation. In an entry in his field notes on May 14, this branch. This list is the result of observations 1893, Shoemaker “concluded to spend part of today made at odd times; a method not at all conducive Elizabeth Van Sant, 1900. UNL 32301-00607 SPRING 2013 • 5 to the best results.”10 Throughout his life, circum- her to many of “nature’s beautiful secrets.”11 She stances or practical needs left Shoemaker at odds also regularly investigated The Auk: A Quarterly with his desire to study nature in a professional Journal of Ornithology, published by the American scientific manner. Ornithologists Union, and mentioned it in her let- In the early 1890s, Shoemaker attended a fam- ters.12 Shoemaker even promised to send his field ily reunion in Hampton, Iowa, where he met a notes to Elizabeth, who wrote: “I shall consider cousin, Elizabeth Van Sant, who lived in Omaha, it a rare compliment, and shall remind you if you Nebraska. Their friendship developed through cor- forget.”13 In return, Elizabeth sent Shoemaker short- respondence about their mutual interest in birds. hand lessons and techniques. She believed that he As a novice bird watcher, Elizabeth sought guid- would be able to learn them from a distance and ance from Shoemaker. Her letters discussed the that his efforts would be of value to him later.14 value she placed on his ornithological knowledge Shoemaker moved to Omaha in 1897, where and the information he provided about bird books. he took up residence at the Van Sant home. Shoe- Elizabeth made trips to the library and read nearly maker explained in a letter that Elizabeth Van all the works Shoemaker recommended, which led Sant’s father, A.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Endangered Species
    Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Endangered species From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Main page Contents For other uses, see Endangered species (disambiguation). Featured content "Endangered" redirects here. For other uses, see Endangered (disambiguation). Current events An endangered species is a species which has been categorized as likely to become Random article Conservation status extinct . Endangered (EN), as categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Donate to Wikipedia by IUCN Red List category Wikipedia store Nature (IUCN) Red List, is the second most severe conservation status for wild populations in the IUCN's schema after Critically Endangered (CR). Interaction In 2012, the IUCN Red List featured 3079 animal and 2655 plant species as endangered (EN) Help worldwide.[1] The figures for 1998 were, respectively, 1102 and 1197. About Wikipedia Community portal Many nations have laws that protect conservation-reliant species: for example, forbidding Recent changes hunting , restricting land development or creating preserves. Population numbers, trends and Contact page species' conservation status can be found in the lists of organisms by population. Tools Extinct Contents [hide] What links here Extinct (EX) (list) 1 Conservation status Related changes Extinct in the Wild (EW) (list) 2 IUCN Red List Upload file [7] Threatened Special pages 2.1 Criteria for 'Endangered (EN)' Critically Endangered (CR) (list) Permanent link 3 Endangered species in the United
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 70, No. 193/Thursday, October 6, 2005/Rules and Regulations
    Federal Register / Vol. 70, No. 193 / Thursday, October 6, 2005 / Rules and Regulations 58335 PART 80—REGULATION OF FUELS ADDRESSES: The complete file for this populations of C. nevadica in the AND FUEL ADDITIVES final rule is available for inspection, by central Great Plains. appointment, during normal business I Life History 1. The authority citation for part 80 hours at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife continues to read as follows: Service, Nebraska Ecological Services Allgeier et al. (2004) and Spomer et Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7414, 7545, and Field Office, 203 West Second Street, al. (2004a) indicated that the Salt Creek 7601(a). Federal Building, Second Floor, Grand tiger beetle has a 2-year life cycle, not I 2. Section 80.855 is amended by Island, NE 68801. uncommon for tiger beetles. Spomer and Higley (2001) and Spomer et al. (2004a) removing and reserving paragraph (b)(2) FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. described the life cycle of the Salt Creek and revising paragraphs (b)(1)(i) and Steve Anschutz, Field Supervisor, at the tiger beetle in detail through egg, larval, (b)(1)(ii) to read as follows: above address (telephone (308) 382– and adult stages. Adults are first 6468, extension 12; facsimile (308) 384– § 80.855 What is the compliance baseline observed as early as the end of May or 8835)). for refineries or importers with insufficient as late as mid-June, peak in late June or data? SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: early July, and disappear by mid-to late * * * * * Background July. By August, almost all adults have (b)(1) * * * died in the field (Spomer et al.
    [Show full text]
  • RECOVERY PLAN for the SALT CREEK TIGER BEETLE (Cicindela Nevadica Lincolniana) Matt Ogh an U.S Fish and Wildlife Service
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln US Fish & Wildlife Publications US Fish & Wildlife Service 12-2016 RECOVERY PLAN FOR THE SALT CREEK TIGER BEETLE (Cicindela nevadica lincolniana) Matt ogH an U.S Fish and Wildlife Service Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usfwspubs Hogan, Matt, "RECOVERY PLAN FOR THE SALT CREEK TIGER BEETLE (Cicindela nevadica lincolniana)" (2016). US Fish & Wildlife Publications. 523. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usfwspubs/523 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the US Fish & Wildlife Service at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in US Fish & Wildlife Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. RECOVERY PLAN FOR THE SAL T CREEK TIGER BEETLE (Cicindela nevadica lin coin ian a) Photo from http://www.fws.gov/ December 2016 Prepared by: Nebraska Ecological Services Field Office u.S Fish and Wildlife Service Wood River, Nebraska Approved: .....!~~!aii~::::J;JD:af\I-___________ Ma Hogan ional Director, Mountain Prairie Region u.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Date: 1·3· 2.01, DISCLAIMER Recovery plans delineate such reasonable actions as may be necessary, based upon the best scientific and commercial data available, for the conservation and survival of listed species. Plans are published by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, sometimes prepared with the assistance of recovery teams, contractors, State agencies and others. Recovery plans do not necessarily represent the views, official positions or approval of any individuals or agencies involved in the plan formulation, other than the Service.
    [Show full text]
  • Revision of Critical Habitat for Salt
    33282 Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 107 / Tuesday, June 4, 2013 / Proposed Rules In January 2004, a Community SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Advisory Group (CAG) was formed for Wildlife Service, propose to revise Michael D. George, Field Supervisor, the site. A CAG is a committee, task critical habitat for the Salt Creek tiger U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, force, or board made up of residents beetle (Cicindela nevadica lincolniana) Nebraska Ecological Services Field affected by a Superfund site. They under the Endangered Species Act. If we Office, 203 W 2nd St., Grand Island, NE provided a public forum where finalize this rule as proposed, it would 68801; telephone 308–382–6468. If you representatives of diverse community extend the Act’s protections to lands use a telecommunications device for the interests can present and discuss their designated as revised critical habitat for deaf (TDD), call the Federal Information needs and concerns related to the site this subspecies. This designation fulfills Relay Service (FIRS) at 800–877–8339. and the cleanup process. The last CAG our obligations under a settlement meeting was held in October 2011. A agreement. The effect of this regulation SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: new group, Child Lead Poisoning is to conserve the habitat of Salt Creek Executive Summary Prevention Group, formed. The first tiger beetles in eastern Nebraska under meeting of the Child Lead Poisoning the Endangered Species Act. Why We Need To Publish a Rule Group was held at City Hall in May DATES: We will accept comments This is a proposed rule to revise the 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • Title 117 – Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality
    Presented below are water quality standards that are in effect for Clean Water Act purposes. EPA is posting these standards as a convenience to users and has made a reasonable effort to assure their accuracy. Additionally, EPA has made a reasonable effort to identify parts of the standards that are not approved, disapproved, or are otherwise not in effect for Clean Water Act purposes. September 20, 2019 Nebraska Administrative Code, Title 117 – Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality Effective September 5, 2019 The attached water quality standards are in effect for Clean Water Act Purposes, with the following exceptions, for which EPA has deferred action. The following are not in effect for Clean Water Act purposes: • Chapter 4-003.02B2 (page 4-20) In its December 13, 2014, revisions, Nebraska revised paragraph 003.02B6 to move the site specific chloride criteria for Salt Creek Segments LP2-10000 and LP2-20000 from 003.02B6 to the renumbered 003.02B2, a site-specific chloride criteria paragraph. Oak Lake (lake LP2- L0060) was also added to this paragraph, as was a revision to add LP2 in front of the Holmes Creek segment number to correct this omission. Nebraska’s submission also included implementation procedures to support approval of natural background criteria for chloride in certain water bodies that the EPA had deferred action from previous WQS submissions. Review by staff have indicated that these implementation procedures may have some unintended consequences, thus, the NDEQ requested the EPA to continue to defer action on the natural background criteria for chloride until the implementation procedures have been revised as necessary by the NDEQ.
    [Show full text]
  • Salt Creek Tiger Beetle a Resource for Using QUEST Nebraska Video in the Classroom; Created by PBS/NPR Partner Station NET
    Salt Creek Tiger Beetle A resource for using QUEST Nebraska video in the classroom; created by PBS/NPR partner station NET QUEST PROGRAM NOTES SUBJECTS The Salt Creek Tiger Beetle, once in abundance, now faces extinction. Part of the Life Biology reason is because of its need for a very specific habitat. Like the Hollywood diva, It has Science Health to have everything it’s own way. But, in this case, the Salt Creek Tiger Beetle must have Environment its needs met in order for it to thrive and survive. Earth Geology Science Climate In this segment you’ll find… Weather Astronomy Physical Physics Science Chemistry Engineering NE SCIENCE Photo by Mitch Paine STANDARDS Information on the importance of habitat to the survival of a species ۞ Grade 6-8 Life Sciences - ۞ How scientists work to research and protect the Salt Creek Tiger Beetle Biological Adaptations and Evolution SC8.3.4.b Recognize the extinction of a species is TOPIC BACKGROUND caused by the inability to adapt to an environmental change. The Salt Creek Tiger Beetle depends on a very unique habitat for survival. Confined to the saline mud flats along the Little Salt Creek in Northern Lancaster County, not far Grade 9-12 away from the hustle and bustle of Lincoln, Nebraska, this insect is believed to be in Life Sciences – Biological Evolution danger of disappearing. Adult Salt Creek Tiger Beetles are found in the exposed saline SC 12.3.4.b Recognize that mud flats within just a few yards of wetland and stream edges, which contain salt the concept of biological deposits and vegetation, necessary for their survival.
    [Show full text]
  • An Update of the Captive Management and Reintroduction of the Salt Creek
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Entomology Papers from Other Sources Entomology Collections, Miscellaneous 2015 AN UPDATE OF THE CAPTIVE MANAGEMENT AND REINTRODUCTION OF THE SALT CREEK TIGER BEETLE, CICINDELA NEVADICA LINCOLNIANA (COLEOPTERA:CARABIDAE) AT OMAHA’S HENRY DOORLY ZOO & AQUARIUM Sarah Jenkins Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo & Aquarium Traci Clevenger Berniece Grewcock Butterfly & Insect Pavilion Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyother Part of the Entomology Commons Jenkins, Sarah and Clevenger, Traci, "AN UPDATE OF THE CAPTIVE MANAGEMENT AND REINTRODUCTION OF THE SALT CREEK TIGER BEETLE, CICINDELA NEVADICA LINCOLNIANA (COLEOPTERA:CARABIDAE) AT OMAHA’S HENRY DOORLY ZOO & AQUARIUM" (2015). Entomology Papers from Other Sources. 129. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyother/129 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology Collections, Miscellaneous at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Entomology Papers from Other Sources by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. AN UPDATE OF THE CAPTIVE MANAGEMENT AND REINTRODUCTION OF THE SALT CREEK TIGER BEETLE, CICINDELA NEVADICA LINCOLNIANA (COLEOPTERA:CARABIDAE) AT OMAHA’S HENRY DOORLY ZOO & AQUARIUM Sarah Jenkins Keeper, Butterflies & Insects, Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo & Aquarium Traci Clevenger Supervisor, Berniece Grewcock Butterfly & Insect Pavilion 3701 South 10th St, Omaha, NE 68107, USA INTRODUCTION Tiger beetles are a high speed predator, both as larvae and adults. There are over 2,600 species found worldwide. They are so fast that their eyes can’t gather enough light to process visual information while running and the beetles have to pause during pursuit to regain sight of their target.
    [Show full text]
  • =Ellipsoptera) Nevadica Lincolniana (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE
    THE NATURAL HISTORY AND CAPTIVE HUSBANDRY OF THE SALT CREEK TIGER BEETLE, Cicindela (=Ellipsoptera) nevadica lincolniana (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE). A. B. Fig1: A. Adult Female Cicindela (=Ellipsoptera) nevadica lincolniana, photo by Jeremy Dixon. B. Third instar C. n. lincolniana larva, photo by Joel Sartore. Joseph A. Palmer Invertebrate Keeper, Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium. [email protected] Kay Klatt Supervisor, Berniece Grewcock Butterfly and Insect Pavilion, Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium. 3701 S 10th St, Omaha, NE 68107 USA INTRODUCTION Tiger beetles have long been admired for their mix of beauty, speed, and ferocious hunting abilities (Pearson 2011). The tiger beetles are some of the fastest insects on the planet with the Australian species, Cicindela hudsoni being clocked at 2.5meters per second (Merrit 1999). The tiger beetles run so fast that they are temporarily blinded when they are engaged in the high speed pursuit of their prey (Friedlander 2014). However, despite their speed, and the joy they bring to many enthusiasts, tiger beetles are unable to outrun the destruction and degradation of their habitats by human activities, and an estimated 15 percent of the 255 described species and subspecies of North American tiger beetles are now threatened with extinction (Pearson 2011). Several species of tiger beetle are very niche specialized and will only inhabit certain areas where the conditions are just right for their survival (Pearson 2006). The saline wetlands of Lancaster and Saunders counties located in eastern Nebraska are home to one such beetle. An endemic subspecies of the Nevada Tiger Beetle, Cicindela (=Ellipsoptera) nevadica, calls these saline wetlands home.
    [Show full text]
  • RECOVERY OUTLINE for the Salt Creek Tiger Beetle (Cicindela Nevadica Lincolniana)
    RECOVERY OUTLINE for the Salt Creek tiger beetle (Cicindela nevadica lincolniana) Nebraska Ecological Services Field Office February 2009 I. INTRODUCTION This document provides a basic background about the Salt Creek tiger beetle (Cicindela nevadica lincolniana) and a preliminary course of actions to achieve recovery of the insect. It serves to guide recovery efforts, consultation, land use planning, and permitting activities until a comprehensive recovery plan for the Salt Creek tiger beetle is finalized and approved. • Listing and Contact Information: Scientific Name: Cicindela nevadica lincolniana Common Name: Salt Creek tiger beetle Listing Classification: Endangered rangewide Effective Listing Date: November 7, 2005 (50 FR 58335, October 6, 2005) Lead Agency, Region: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 6 Lead Field Office: Nebraska Field Office Contact Biologist: Robert Harms, 308-382-6468, ext 17; Robert_Harms @fws.gov II. RECOVERY STATUS ASSESSMENT A. BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 1) Taxonomy: The Salt Creek tiger beetle is a member of the family Cicindelidae, genus Cicindela. Eighty-five species and more than 200 subspecies of tiger beetles in the genus Cicindela are known from the United States (Boyd et al. 1982, Freitag 1999). The Salt Creek tiger beetle was originally described by Casey (1916) as a separate species, C. lincolniana. Willis (1970) identified C. n. lincolniana as a subspecies of C. nevadica which evolved from C. n. knausii. This sub-species’ distinctiveness from other central Great Plains populations of C. nevadica was recently confirmed (Busby 2003). 2) Description, Habitat, and Life History: The Salt Creek tiger beetle is metallic brown to dark olive green above, with a metallic dark green underside, and measures 1.3 centimeters (cm) (0.5 inch (in.)) in total length.
    [Show full text]
  • Behavioral Niche Partitioning in a Sympatric Tiger Beetle Assemblage and Implications for the Endangered Salt Creek Tiger Beetle
    Behavioral niche partitioning in a sympatric tiger beetle assemblage and implications for the endangered Salt Creek tiger beetle Tierney R. Brosius1 and Leon G. Higley2 1 Department of Biology, Augustana College, Rock Island, IL, USA 2 Biochemistry Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA ABSTRACT How behavioral patterns are related to niche partitioning is an important question in understanding how closely related species within ecological communities function. Behavioral niche partitioning associated with thermoregulation is well documented in tiger beetles as a group. Co-occurring species of salt flat tiger beetles have adapted many thermoregulatory behaviors to cope with this harsh ecosystem. On first ex- amination these beetles appear to occur in overlapping microhabitats and therefore compete for resources. To determine if behavioral niche partitioning is allowing multiple species to occur within the same harsh salt flat ecosystem we observed Cicindela nevadica lincolniana, Cicindela circumpicta, Cicindela fulgida, and Cicindela togata between 8:00 h and 21:00 h and recorded all behaviors related to thermoregulation using a digital voice recorder. Results of this study strongly indicate that competition among these species for resources has been reduced by the adapta- tion of diVerent thermoregulatory behaviors such as spending time in shallow water, avoiding the sun during the hottest parts of the day, and by positioning their body against or away from the soil. The endangered C. n. lincolniana appears to rely most heavily on the shallow water of seeps for their diurnal foraging behavior (potentially limiting their foraging habitat), but with the advantage of allowing foraging during Submitted 23 July 2013 Accepted 31 August 2013 the hottest times of the day when potential competitors are less frequent.
    [Show full text]
  • Revision of Critical Habitat for Salt
    33282 Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 107 / Tuesday, June 4, 2013 / Proposed Rules In January 2004, a Community SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Advisory Group (CAG) was formed for Wildlife Service, propose to revise Michael D. George, Field Supervisor, the site. A CAG is a committee, task critical habitat for the Salt Creek tiger U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, force, or board made up of residents beetle (Cicindela nevadica lincolniana) Nebraska Ecological Services Field affected by a Superfund site. They under the Endangered Species Act. If we Office, 203 W 2nd St., Grand Island, NE provided a public forum where finalize this rule as proposed, it would 68801; telephone 308–382–6468. If you representatives of diverse community extend the Act’s protections to lands use a telecommunications device for the interests can present and discuss their designated as revised critical habitat for deaf (TDD), call the Federal Information needs and concerns related to the site this subspecies. This designation fulfills Relay Service (FIRS) at 800–877–8339. and the cleanup process. The last CAG our obligations under a settlement meeting was held in October 2011. A agreement. The effect of this regulation SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: new group, Child Lead Poisoning is to conserve the habitat of Salt Creek Executive Summary Prevention Group, formed. The first tiger beetles in eastern Nebraska under meeting of the Child Lead Poisoning the Endangered Species Act. Why We Need To Publish a Rule Group was held at City Hall in May DATES: We will accept comments This is a proposed rule to revise the 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 NCF-Envirothon Nebraska Wildlife Study Resources
    2021 NCF-Envirothon Nebraska Wildlife Study Resources Key Topic #1: Population Management 1. Identify major potential diseased threatening wildlife species and describe their characteristics. 2. Identify threatened and endangered species in Nebraska in Nebraska. 3. Make a habitat assessment and apply population management strategies to address and identified issues. 4. Explain the importance of indicator species in the field of conservation. Study Resources Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; Nebraska Endangered and Threatened Species, 2021. (Page 2) Wildlife Habitat Evaluation Program Manual: Carrying Capacity, p 13, 2019. (Page 3) Wildlife Habitat Evaluation Program Manual: Population Management Practices, p 240, 2019. (Page 4) Lincoln Journal Star: Deer Population Reeling From Disease Outbreak, 2012. (Pages 5-9) Nebraska Game and Parks Commission; Wildlife Diseases, 2021. (Pages 10-11) Encyclopedia of Earth; Indicator Species, 2012. (Pages 12-13) The Daily Nebraska; UNL Professor, Henry Doorly Zoo work to sustain tiger salamander population, 2015. (Pages 14-16) Study Resources begin on the next page! NEBRASKA ENDANGERED AND THREATENED SPECIES Common Name Scientific Name State Status Federal Status BIRDS Eskimo Curlew* Numenius borealis Endangered Endangered Whooping Crane Grus americana Endangered Endangered Interior Least Tern Sternula antillarum athalassos Endangered Endangered Piping Plover Charadrius melodus Threatened Threatened Rufa Red Knot ^ Calidris canutus rufa Threatened Threatened Mountain Plover Charadrius montanus Threatened
    [Show full text]