Biosynthesis and Axoplasmic Transport of Neurophysin in the Hypothalamo
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Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1981 Biosynthesis and axoplasmic transport of neurophysin in the hypothalamo- neurohypophysial system of the grass frog Rana pipiens Alice Chien Chang Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Chang, Alice Chien, "Biosynthesis and axoplasmic transport of neurophysin in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of the grass frog Rana pipiens " (1981). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 7158. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/7158 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. 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Other University Microfilms International Biosynthesis and axoplasmic transport of neurophysin in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of the grass frog Rana pipi ens by Alice Chien Chang A Dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faulty in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Approved: Signature was redacted for privacy. In Charge of Major Work Signature was redacted for privacy. For the Major Department Signature was redacted for privacy. For the Graduate College Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 1981 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS iv GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 PART I. THE BIOSYNTHESIS AND AXOPLASMIC TRANSPORT OF H NEUROPHYSIN IN THE HYPOTHALAMO-NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL SYSTEM OF THE FROG, RANA PIPIENS INTRODUCTION 12 MATERIALS AND METHODS 16 RESULTS 20 DISCUSSION 47 LITERATURE CITED 54 PART II. LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS IN 59 THE HYPOTHALAMO-NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL SYSTEM OF THE FROG, RANA PIPIENS AFTER MICROIONTOPHORESIS OF VINBLASTINE INTO THE MEDIAN EMINENCE INTRODUCTION 60 MATERIALS AND METHODS 63 RESULTS 65 DISCUSSION 125 LITERATURE CITED 134 PART III. PREPARATION OF ANTIBODY AGAINST PURIFIED BRAIN 138 TUBULIN AND THE VISUALIZATION OF IN VITRO ASSEMBLED MICROTUBULES BY THE UNLABELED PEROXIDASE ANTI-PEROXIDASE METHOD INTRODUCTION 139 MATERIALS AND METHODS 142 RESULTS 148a ill Page DISCUSSION 169 LITERATURE CITED 173 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 178 LITERATURE CITED 184 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 195 APPENDIX 197 IV LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AER axonal endoplasmic reticulum AF aldehyde fuchsin stain CAN chromai urn haemotoxylin CSF cerebrospinal fluid EM electron microscopic DTT dithiothreitol lEF isoelectric focusing LM light microscopic MAP microtubule associated proteins M.W. molecular weight NL neural lobe PAP peroxidase anti-peroxidase complex PC phosphocellulose PAGE polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis PI isoelectric point PON preoptic nucleus PVN paraventricular nucleus Rf relative mobility SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate SON supraoptic nucleus 2xMT two-times polymerized microtubules 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION The first description of groups of specialized neurons with combined neural and presumed secretory functions dates back to 1928 when Scharrer observed the presence of glandular nerve cells in the teleost hypothalamus (Scharrer 1928). However, these specialized neurons were accorded little attention until the 1950s. Bargmann (1949, 1951) and Bargmann and Scharrer (1951) were able to show intense staining of secretory material in the neuronal cell bodies in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus using the chromaium haematoxylin (CAM) stain (Gomori 1940) and the more sensitive aldehyde fuchsin (AF) stain (Gomori 1950, Landing et al. 1956). This neurosecretory material is also present within axons of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract and as dense aggregates in the neural lobe of the hypophysis (for review, see Bern and Knowles, 1966). The intense staining indicates the presence of protein-bound cysteine (Sloper 1955) and is now known to be due to neurophysins, the cysteine-rich carrier proteins of the peptide hormones vasopressin and oxytocin (for review, see Watkins 1975a). Bargmann and Scharrer (1951) and Scharrer and Scharrer (1954) identified the three projections of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract: First, to the neural lobe, where axon terminals contact peri vascular spaces and release their hormones into the systemic circulation rather than synapse with other neurons; second, to the primary capillary plexus of the hypophysial portal system in the zona externa of the 2 median eminence; and third, to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) via the third ventricle. The major route of release of the peptide hormones and neurophysins into the general circulation is the neuro hypophysis. As a consequence of these investigations, the emerging concept of neurosecretion was that the hormones vasopressin and oxytocin are synthesized in neurons within their perikarya in the SON and PVN of the hypothalamus and then transported along the axons of these neurons for storage in and release from their terminals in the neural lobe of the pituitary gland (Scharrer and Scharrer 1954). In contrast to mammals, birds and reptiles where neurosecretory cells are located in both the SON and PVN, the neurosecretory cells of fish and amphibia are localized in one nucleus of the rostral hypothalamus, the preoptic nucleus (PON) (HiId 1951, Diepen 1962). In the toad (Bufo arenarum hensel), the preoptic nucleus gives origin to two different neurosecretory tracts: one from the ventral PON to the neural lobe, and the other one from the dorsal PON to the median eminence (Rodriguez et al. 1970). Biochemical studies have shown that the amphibian magnocellular neurosecretory system produces vasotocin and mesotocin, which differ from vasopressin and oxytocin respectively in a single amino acid residue (Acher et al. 1964, Acher 1974, Moens 1972). Vandesande, Dierickx and their co-workers, using the unlabeled antibody peroxidase anti-peroxidase technique, demonstrated that vasotocin and mesotocin are synthesized in separate neurons (Vandesande and Dierickx 1976) and stored in separate axon terminals in the hypophysis of Rana temporaria (Dierickx and Vandesande 1977, 3 Van Vossel-Daeninck et al. 1979)