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Universidad Pedagógica Y Tecnológica De Colombia Facultad De Ciencias Escuela De Ciencias Biológicas-Posgrado Maestría En Ciencias Biológicas

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Universidad Pedagógica Y Tecnológica De Colombia Facultad De Ciencias Escuela De Ciencias Biológicas-Posgrado Maestría En Ciencias Biológicas UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA Y TECNOLÓGICA DE COLOMBIA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS-POSGRADO MAESTRÍA EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS ANÁLISIS DE LA IMPORTANCIA DEL CARBONO ORGÁNICO DISUELTO EN LAGOS ANDINOS TROPICALES Requisito para optar el título de Magister en Ciencias Biológicas ADRIANA PEDROZA RAMOS Tunja Enero, 2021 UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA Y TECNOLÓGICA DE COLOMBIA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS-POSGRADO MAESTRÍA EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS ANÁLISIS DE LA IMPORTANCIA DEL CARBONO ORGÁNICO DISUELTO EN LAGOS ANDINOS TROPICALES Requisito para optar el título de Magister en Ciencias Biológicas ADRIANA PEDROZA RAMOS Director: Ph.D. NELSON JAVIER ARANGUREN RIAÑO Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia Unidad de Ecología en Sistemas Acuáticos Tunja Enero, 2021 CERTIFICADO DE ORIGINALIDAD Nelson Javier Aranguren Riaño, Doctor en Ciencias-Biología con énfasis en ecología de ecosistemas continentales, Docente asociado, UPTC. CERTIFICA: Que el trabajo de grado realizado bajo mi dirección por Adriana Pedroza Ramos titulado “ANÁLISIS DE LA IMPORTANCIA DEL CARBONO ORGÁNICO DISUELTO EN LAGOS ANDINOS TROPICALES”, reúne las condiciones de originalidad requeridas para optar al título de Magister en Ciencias Biológicas otorgado por la UPTC. Y para que así conste, firmo la siguiente certificación en Tunja, a los dieciocho días del mes de enero de 2021. _____________________________ PhD. Nelson Javier Aranguren Riaño Director Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia Unidad de Ecología en Sistemas Acuáticos I _____________________________ Ph.D. Nelson Javier Aranguren Riaño Director _______________________________ ______________________________ Ph.D. Silvia Lucía Villabona González Ph.D.Camilo Andrés Roa Fuentes Jurado 1 Jurado 2 (Original con firmas) II Por el aliento perdido y los latidos en las sienes por los colores, por el silencio y por la música por los ojos cerrados y el soplo del viento por las estrellas y la soledad la libertad y la ausencia de tiempo! Erwin Kraus (1996) III AGRADECIMIENTOS A mi mami, hermanas y sobrinos por su apoyo y compañía incondicional. Al Dr. Nelson Aranguren a quien admiro por ser un gran académico y una persona invaluable, sus enseñanzas, paciencia y consejos, han sido la base para sacar adelante este proyecto y etapa en mi vida. Al Dr. Jon Shurin, por su divertida compañía en campo, por la gestión en el análisis de laboratorio y por sus siempre apreciadas recomendaciones, ganas de trabajar y colaborar! A la Dra. Silvia Villabona y al Dr. Camilo Roa por su tiempo y valiosos aportes en la revisión de este documento. Al Dr. Andrés Gómez, Viviana Hernández y Nicolás Forero por hacer parte de las aventuras de campo. A Viviana por su valiosa ayuda en el procesamiento y obtención de datos del plancton, principalmente por la información taxonómica del fitoplancton. A Nico junto con el profe Andrés por la información metagenómica de la comunidad microbiana. A todas las personas (Tati, Nicolas, Nestor, Don Pedro, Alci, Oscar Ju, Marce, Dianita, Don Walter, Mottis…) aquellas que se me escapan, por su compañía en las jornadas de campo. A mis amigas y amigos de vida que me paladearon y aguantaron en este proceso. A mis compañeros de la VI Cohorte por las trasnochadas, risas, apoyo y compañía, nada hubiese sido igual sin ustedes! A todas las personas del grupo de investigación UDESA, quienes en diferentes etapas del proyecto se vincularon e hicieron ameno el camino. A La dirección de Investigaciones de la UPTC, por el financiamiento, a través de la convocatoria DIN 03-2018- Sostenibilidad, del proyecto “Incidencia de la vía heterotrófica sobre aspectos funcionales de lagos andinos en un gradiente altitudinal”, en el cual se vincula esta investigación. A todos quienes no menciono, pero saben que están en mi corazón… Gracias totales! IV Tabla de contenido Índice de Figuras ........................................................................................................................... VII Índice de Tablas............................................................................................................................ VIII Índice de Anexos .......................................................................................................................... VIII Lista de abreviaciones y símbolos .................................................................................................. IX ESTRUCTURA GENERAL Y ENFOQUE ................................................................................. X 1 CAPÍTULO I: INTRODUCCIÓN GENERAL ..............................................................12 1.1. INTRODUCCIÓN ..............................................................................................................13 1.2 ÁREA DE ESTUDIO .........................................................................................................16 1.3 DISEÑO METOLÓGICO ..................................................................................................22 1.4 REFERENCIAS .................................................................................................................22 2 CAPITULO II: CARACTERIZACIÓN FÍSICA Y QUÍMICA DE LOS LAGOS .....25 2.1 INTRODUCCIÓN ..............................................................................................................26 2.2 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS ...........................................................................................30 2.2.1 Procedimientos para la recolección de la información: ..........................................30 2.2.2 Tratamiento de la información .................................................................................32 2.3 RESULTADOS ..................................................................................................................34 2.4 DISCUSIÓN .......................................................................................................................39 2.5 CONCLUSIONES ..............................................................................................................42 2.6 REFERENCIAS .................................................................................................................43 3 CAPITULO III: DIVERSIDAD PLANCTÓNICA EN LOS LAGOS..........................47 3.1 INTRODUCCIÓN ..............................................................................................................48 3.2 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS ...........................................................................................51 3.2.1 Variables ambientales ..............................................................................................51 3.2.2 Comunidad de fitoplancton ......................................................................................51 3.2.3 Comunidad de zooplancton ......................................................................................52 3.2.4 Comunidad microbiana ............................................................................................53 3.2.5 Tratamiento de la información .................................................................................53 3.3 RESULTADOS ..................................................................................................................55 3.3.1 Comunidad de Fitoplancton .....................................................................................55 3.3.2 Comunidad de Zooplancton ......................................................................................61 3.3.3 Comunidad Microbiana ............................................................................................67 3.4 DISCUSIÓN .......................................................................................................................68 3.5 CONCLUSIONES ..............................................................................................................73 3.6 REFERENCIAS .................................................................................................................74 4 CAPITULO IV: CARBONO ORGÁNICO DISUELTO EN LAGOS ANDINOS: INCIDENCIAS ECOLÓGICAS ........................................................................................84 4.2 INTRODUCCIÓN ..............................................................................................................85 4.3 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS ...........................................................................................87 4.3.1 Tratamiento de la información .................................................................................87 1.2.1 Microbioma del Lago de Tota ..................................................................................88 4.4 RESULTADOS ..................................................................................................................89 4.4.1 Ordenación de lagos criterio: altitud .......................................................................89 V 4.4.2 Ordenación de lagos criterio: estado trófico ...........................................................92 4.4.3 Microbioma Lago de Tota ........................................................................................96 4.5 DISCUSIÓN .......................................................................................................................97 4.5.1 Microbioma del Lago de Tota ................................................................................102 4.6 CONCLUSIONES ............................................................................................................103
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