Volume XXXVIil No. 1 January 1983 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE MSSOaOHHI OFjmiSH REHmES IH GRUTBiarUH

C. C. Aronsfeld Hatred doesn't lead anywhere, one must meet them with sympathy and understanding. And those who said simply, I refuse to believe it". Many Jews took comfort in the thought that not every Nazi voter was necessarily an antisemite but HOW IT HAPPENED THERE rather, because of the widespread unemployment, "simply desperate". Others were sceptical. They 50 years ago Hitler came to power believed that those who had shown themselves in favour of power being entrusted to avowed, radical Jew-baiters, would have no objection to a persecu­ tion of the Jews and that even those who did not vote Nazi were least averse to the antisemitism in the Nazi The Nazi experience, in its present perspective of man into "the slaves of leaders, of political parties, programme. 50 years, is one of those paradoxes that seem near, at of fraudulent ideologies" sworn to deny all value to This was a sensible reaction but those who felt like least to those who survived it, and yet so remote as to human life and drench the earth in blood. that failed in the courage of their convictions, which seem increasingly incredible. We all have suffered; But these prophets counted for little, least perhaps is a reproach only in idle hindsight. Three months the scars on body and mind will never disappear, among Jews. The bold flights into poetic speculation before the sheetli^tning of the elections in September and indeed the whole world has been transformed by and inspired essays in pessimism were duly admired 1930, Jews were warned by a then unknown voice the events of those twelve years. But when it is asked but life was rational and one had to be optimistic. with the weirdly prophetic words: "What are you (as it unendingly is) how did it all happen?, the answers Twenty-five years before the pogroms, Jews hailed waiting for? for the year 1940 when the young are much like the voices in JTie Wizard of Oz, pointing "the spirit of humanity in every edict of the Tsar" generation that is now being incited to a veritably in­ this way and that way and making for all round con­ promising "a glorious future for the Russian Jews". sane degree will be in office?" fusion. Of course various explanations arc possible, A generation later there was still antisemitism but SITUATION MISJUDGED for many, even contradictory forces combined to the demons seemed to have been banished, even bring about the disaster. But it seems to me that our StOcker got nowhere and Dreyfus after all was But who would, could look ahead as far as 1940? destiny is not in our stars, even our star historians, reinstated. For the time being, Jews were assured by their leaders but in ourselves, so an important consideration must that things would sort themselves out: a little more be the contemporary understanding of the times. MISLEADING INITIAL FAILURE stamina, a little more pride, a little less fear would work wonders. The run of trained observers found it The generation of 50 years ago was brought up in Things were bad after the First World War but the tradition of the 19th century which embodied a imp>ossible to assume that Jews were going to be when Hitler failed in 1923 he was thought to have treated as Hitler threatened, "seeing they had become great faith in human progress, a faith hallowed by "proved himself impotent to withstand ridicule". the emancipation of man as well as by science and loo interwoven in the German social fabric". This was precisely what should have, happ)ened Zionists, usually wont to pride themselves on their social thought. The ideals of the French Revolution according to the textbooks of enlightened progress." had essentially been vindicated and occasional dis­ realism, equally misjudged the situation. "Of course Moli^re's famous line: "You laugh, my friend? So (they said) the Nazis will try to practise a cold appointments were thought to be no more than much the worse for him who laughs", came fittingly •nevitable setbacks. We had advanced, we were pogrom by way of legislation, and no doubt they will from a comedy. Even years later German Jews, succeed with the wretched existences of the little advancing and so far as could be foreseen, there was while not neglecting to warn, were not unduly nothing to stop us advancing. Jews. But with the big and wealthy Jews they will disturbed. Leo Baeck thought German antisemitism sooner or later, one way or another, have to come to WARNING VOICES was "a literary and 'spiritual' one", and though terms. This unfortunately is an emcient chapter of admittedly "an epidemic now raging in the land", it Jewish history". So much for the lessons men draw There were of course voices of warning. Heine was "much exaggerated by friend and foe alike". from history. had a vision of the time, exactly 100 years before it Jewish political leaders too had learnt from the past happened, when "the insane Berserk rage" of the that antisemitic movements have a way of coming The widely read author Emil Ludwig refused to ancient Teutons would "break the taming talisman, and going: the Nazis were unlikely to be an exception believe that Hitler could ever become a German dic­ the Cross" and "a crash would occur as nothing to the rule. tator, and he offered the highly sophisticated argu­ ment that "the democratic idea is not yet strong ever crashed in world history"; the Hep-Hep anti­ But then no antisemitic party ever polled sbc million enough among Germans to make them believe in semites seemed to him simply "the little dogs that votes as the Nazis did in 1930, and the great con­ men who come from the people". He meant they run about the empty arena barking and snapping at fusing Babel of tongues that now ensued was well would follow only a figure of tradition such as a each other before the hour strikes and the host of described by Arthur Koestler: "There were those member of the Hohenzollern family. To such a gladiators arrives", etc. who said. They cannot be as bad as all that. And degree were even men of Ludv^g's stature still com­ In a vision no less uncanny if more universal, those who said. They are too weak, they can't start mitted to past thinking that they had not yet begun Nietzsche foretold the rise of new tyrants who would anything. And those who said, They are too strong, to catch up with the new revolutionary forces then exploit the fears of the masses, manipulating them we must appease them. And those who said. You are fiercely forging ahead. by elaborate myths, not least the "Aryan" myth. frightened of a bogey, you've got a persecution And finally Dostoyevsky foresaw the degradation of mania, you are hysterical. And those who said, Continued on page 2 Page 2 AJR INFORMATION JANUARY 1983 Continued from page 1 warning (in 1932): "Wherever crime could extend its writ, it nearly always happened because those con­ sciences stayed dumb and those Ups mute which ought to have been open to utter words of righteousness and moral appeal". In the finalphas e of the Weimar Republic when the HOW IT HAPPENED THERE avowed enemies of Hitler had been largely reduced to impotence, this was particularly true of the one non-Nazi force left, those bourgeois nationalists who helped the Nazis into power by joining the Outside Germany people were not much wiser. So writes: "The National Socialist movement was Govemment in such offices as they hoped would seasoned and perceptive a student of events as the evidently in full physical and moral disintegration". enable them to keep Hitler in check. Their leader, Manchester Guardian which later consistently exposed Alas it was not so evident at the time and those who Alfred Hugenberg, head of the far-fiung press and the Nazi regime, considered the "charlatan" Hitler saw grounds for optimism had very different reasons. film empire which aided and abetted aggressive to be "no revolutionary leader" though his "blood- Even those, perhaps especially those who had con­ nationalism, was under no illusion about the sodden grandiloquence" could not be ignored, and scientiously investigated Hitler's history of organised character of his associates. The old-fashioned, dyed- (in 1930) there seemed to be "not the slightest doubt crime would not rate his prospects very high. Pro­ in-the-wool capitalist despised the Nazi "Socialist" that Jews in Germany will be defended by the law fessor E. J. Gumbel, who authoritatively exposed upstarts; with his allies of the Evangelical Church, exactly as other German citizens". Some trust was the terrorist (Vehme) murders in Weimar Germany, degenerate though it was, he had no time for the new also apparently put in such big lies as Hitler practised later confessed: "I did not believe that a man without pagans. But he reckoned that he would so dominate when he told The Times that he "had nothing a name, with an obscure past and with an extremely them as to carry his own cause forward. His party, against decent Jews, but if Jews associated them­ vague programme, really had a chance". Which he claimed, was the only one able to deal with the selves with Bolshevism, as many unfortunately did, again applied outside Germany as much as inside. Nazis' 'constructively'', a delusion later to be shared they must be regarded as enemies". Todiay it can be read in G. M. Trevelyan's History of by those who joined the force of evil in the hope of These lies went down well among the champions England: "The Nazi form of government, based on "preventing worse". of the "bulwark against Bolshevism" who came to wholesale torture and massacre, was so immeasur­ They all fancied they could play with the Nazi fire see great possibilities there and readily discounted ably worse than anything in the experience of without burning their fingers. Hugenberg was cer­ the unrelenting incitement to murder though the modern Europe, that its reality and implications tainly effectively outmanoeuvred within a few months, "unscrupulous leaders" were sufficiently known to were not believed in England until in 1940 it had even with indecent ostentation, and had burnt out be "advocating irresponsible policies". In 1931, extended its frightful operations over almost the the whole of his political career. German Jews could hear future historians ask "how whole Continent". And even then .... These human inadequacies displayed in dealing did the artificially whipped-up fury break into with Hitler seem to me among the most potent forces yiolence?", for "that the poisonous seed would bear JEWISH ILLUSIONS to account for the rise of the abomination which 'ts fruit one day, was made all but inevitable by the The current debate on what was known and went by the name of The Third Reich. Admittedly nianner, design and extent of the campaign". believed about the crimes, the last stage of Nazism, Hitler owed much to his own prowess, his deter- How true—yet such are the impish workings of would perhaps gain in perspective when compared nunation and demonic charisma, much also to the Our minds that even while we know the worst we with the knowledge and belief about the first stage. indecision of his enemies, but the staunchest of his shrink from it. In Biichner's Danton, the hero is well Jewish leaders have not been slow in admitting their allies were, in their varying ways, the widespread aware that Robespierre is after him. Half his mind failure of foresight and imagination. "How could refusal to face the worst, the callous contempt for knows what is in store for him but the other half one expect (a German Jewish leader exclaimed later) moral principle and—saddest of all—the hallowed wavers and doubts. "Whatever reason tells us", he that a Government could even think of abrogating belief in irreversible progress. They between them feflects, "deep down in us there is a small smiling the idea of the equality of all men?"—no more, just did more to advance the onrush of evil than any voice which says that tomorrow will be like yesterday''. that—and Dr. Nahum Goldmann has recorded, sinister conspiracy or scheming intrigue. Such The internationally respected (Jewish) editor of with "deep sadness and despondency"—the Jews' manoeuvres were not absent; they eventually, the Berliner Tageblatt, Theodor Wolff, pooh-poohed "naive illusion that the Nazi regime would never technically, engineered the theatrical "seizure of the idea of the Nazis coming to power—three weeks dare to carry out its threats". power", but they could never have succeeded, could before it happened. Early in January 1933, he This illusion was at the back of many desperate never have made the course of history inevitable, if published an article entitled Das Land des Beinahe calculations by otherwise responsible minds that the stage had not been set by the much more hum­ 'n which he said Germany had always been a Land of such was the absurdity of the Nazis' programme that drum agents which either would not believe a Hitler the Almost, Very Nearly: she had almost reached the perhaps they might be given the chance of demon­ Government possible or refused to fight it. 'op (in World War I), she had almost sunk to the strating it and so destroy themselves. Even if (the This is the first of a series of articles recalling and bottom (in 1918), and therefore people who feared pious assumption ran) a majority supported them— assessing the events of 1933. that Germany would fall into the bottomless pit of which seemed by no means certain after the last elec­ Nazism could rest assured: this too would happen tion results in 1932—even then there was still "the only "very nearly". (The article, sent home by the world" to be reckoned with, and they—Das British Ambassador, was carefully filed in the Foreign Ausland—SMxeXy would not stand for it. Office.) And yet it was (or should have been) surprising to ANOTHER REFERENCE BOOK see who did stand for it. Not only those who could NAZI SETBACK Another AJR member, Albert Lester, has just be suspected of sympathy, however secret. Hitler had a reference guide published. It is called'' Project This idea was not quite as absurd as it might now drew support from very different quarters too. It Planning and Control", published by Butterworth appear. For the Nazis were by no means the formid­ was (says Alan Bullock in his Hitler biography A at £12, and will be of interest to engineers and able, almost unchallengeable force they were Study in Tyranny) the Communists who "openly managers using critical path methods and man hour thought to be. Not only had their strength in Parlia- announced that they would prefer to see the Nazis in cost control with or without computers. nient just been reduced, from 230 to 196 seats, with power rather than lift a finger to save the Republic. David Kut's "Dictionary of Applied Energy Con­ Ponents of further decline, but Hitler's continuing Despite the violence of the clashes on the streets, the servation", mentioned in our November issue, is failure to advance his ambition of defeating democracy Communist leaders followed a policy approved by published by Kogan Page. ''y exploiting democracy produced within the Party Moscow which gave priority to the elimination of widespread doubt and despondency. Dr. Goebbels the Social Democrats as the rival working class EDWIN ROSENSTIEL, B.SC. (later Minister of Propaganda) noted in his diary party". Fifty years ago AJR member Edwin Rosenstiel ^eryone was "very depressed", so much so that he Others were simply deaf to the voice of conscience. had to give up his studies because of Nazi persecu­ saw a "danger of the Party falling to pieces" and They knew of the crimes that had been perpetrated tion. Undaunted, and determined to finishwha t was Hitler actually hit on the happy thought of "putting even before 1933. They might have spoken up effec­ then begun, he has just been awarded a B.Sc. degree an end to it all in three minutes with a pistol". tively and without great risk but they shamefully in Mathematics by Birkbeck College ofthe University Konrad Heiden, the classic historian of Nazism, kept their peace. They had no use for Rabbi Baeck's of London. AJR INFORMATION JANUARY 1983 Page 3

The following letter was received from the MEMOIUAL TO B'NAI B'RTTH LEADERS WERNER ROSENSTOCK Ambassador ofthe Federal Republic of Germany on The memories of Werner Lash and J. C. Gilbert, the occasion of Dr. Rosenstock's retirement. both prominent in B'nai B'rith and both of whom HON. MEMBER OF THE AJR died in 1982, will be perpetuated in a fund to further Jewish education. The establishment of the Fund

MM •OTactuma was announced at a memorial meeting for Mr. Lash. At their meeting on I November the Executive MR aUHOf BNIMSUK IMUTSCmAND London, 22. Novwb«r 1982 Jurpn Rutifua Committee of the AJR resolved that upon his retire­ AJR MEALS-ON-WHEELS PARTY ment Dr. Wemer Rosenstock be designated an The Meals-on-Wheels Service gave a party for all Honorary Member of the AJR "in recognition of their volunteers and customers on Sunday afternoon, his devotion to its interests and the exemplary man­ 28 November. It was a great success, with lively ner in which he served as its General Secretary and entertainment by the Bushey Show Group, who latterly as Director over a period of many years." gave their services free. The document was presented to Dr. Rosenstock by ich batM von Harbcrt Sulxbach *rfahrm, dad Sla »« 91• DvzwitMr In dan Kuhcatand tr«t«n und nach Mr. C. T. Marx, Chairman of the AJR, at a recep­ M-JUirlfar THtlfkalt d«n ao •rralsrslchMt Baruf JCA'S CAPITAL DWINDLING tion on 4 December at Hannah Karminski House d«a Ch*rr«dakt«ura das AJR aufiaban wollan. The Jewish Colonisation Association, founded which was attended by members of the Executive Daa Ihnan vor vlalan Jkhran bar*lta varllahana Bund*avardlan«tkr*(u t. Klaaaa hat IhnMi achon by Baron Maurice de Hirsch in 1891, is facing a and a number of fellow-workers and friends of the da*ala unaararaalta bawlaaan, wl* aahr wir Ihr* future of dwindling resources and fears have been AJR. Tltlfkalt b«|rU0t haban. In dar sctawiarlcatan Nachkrla(si*lt haban Ihr* aiganan Artlkal und expressed for its continuing effectiveness in helping In his address, Mr. Marx recalled the early history B«ltrffa dan Oalst dar Vara()hn\a)f gafOrdart und poor Jews. In its early days, backed by an £8 million dafUr nOcht* Ich Ihn*n auch b*l dlaaar Calag«n- of the AJR and observed that its development into a h*lt harzllch dankan. endowment (worth about £200 million today), the strong organisation was to a great extent due to the Association bought large tracts of land in North and energy and imreserved identification of Dr. Rosenstock South America for the use of colonists. The land has with the objectives of the organisation throughout been sold over the years and JCA's capital is now the 41 years of its existence. put at £9 million, with inflation cutting into its value. In 1981, grants by the Association to settlements in Dr. Rosenstock expressed his deepfelt thanks for Ktrm Israel and to charitable organisations such as ORT Dr. vtmar RosMittocIc the honour and for the numerous tokens of appre­ Dlraktor and the Alliance Isra61ite Universelle amounted in Ajn - AasoclBtlon of Jewish ciation he had received upon his retirement, not least R«ru4«*a In Gratt firltaia all to £900,000. 8, rmlrt^x Hanilon* the presentation of an electric typewriter. His whole rilrlM RMd Undoft my 6LA working life, he declared, had been devoted to the OFFENSIVE CARDS SENT TO PALACE German Jews, first in Germany, and later in this Robert Relf, who has often been in trouble for his country. In the course of his activities he had met racialist actions, has been fined by a Leamington many outstanding personalities, three of whom had Among many other expressions of appreciation court for sending offensive postcards to the Queen, the were letters from Prof. S. S. Prawer of The Queen's made a particular impact: Rabbi Dr. Leo Baeck, Prince of Wales and to a Sikh leader. The Post Office College, Oxford and from Geoffrey Finsberg, M.P. prosecutor said that the cards sent to Buckingham Professor Norman Bentwich and Dr. Robert of Hampstead. Weltsch. He also referred to the close relationship Palace referred to "parasites" and included obscene which, after initial difficulties, had developed be­ antisemitic phrases. Relf said that he had sent the tween the Central British Fund and the AJR in the BBC BROADCAST ON 30 JANUARY cards after learning that royal boy-babies had been An assessment ofthe impact of 30 January, 1933, circumcised by rabbis for the past 40 years. joint administration of the Homes. As far as AJR will be broadcast by BBC Radio 4 on 30 January, the Information was concerned, the continuity of the 50th anniversary of the event. The speakers will include KOELN COUPLE'S ANNIVERSARY journal was secured by the appoiijtment of the suc­ former refugees, among them Dr. Eva Reichmann, Dr. cessor editor, who had become a friend as well as a Werner Rosenstock, Dr. Hans Feld and Dr. Arnold A couple who met and married in KOln, Hanna colleague in the past year-and-a-half. Paucker. The broadcast will start at 10.15 p.m. on and Arthur Kracko, have recently celebrated their Radio 4 and will end at 11 p.m. golden wedding anniversary. They came to England At the end of the formal part of the function. Dr. in 1936 and have lived in Streatham for the last F. E. Falk, Vice-Chairman of the AJR, said that in 30 years. Mr. Kracko is vice-president of South the course of several decades of co-operation, par­ London Ajex. ticularly close bonds had developed between him ^tb acknowledgement to tbe news service and Dr. Rosenstock. He recalled several occasions of the Jewish Chronicle. LARGE FAMILY FOR JDA SECRETARY which came to mind, among them their first After 32 years, Mrs. Dora Margulies has retired as meeting, when Dr. Rosenstock paid a visit to secretary of the Jewish Deaf Association. Before Kitchener Camp at the beginning of the war, and amiiimKiiiiiiKiiiiinniiMiiiiiiraiiiHiminiiiiiiiianiB^ taking on that post, Mrs. Margulies and her late hus­ another when he energetically took up the interests I ALL AIRPORTS AND SEASIDES | band Sigmund ran a hostel for girl refugees from of the staff vis-d-vis the Executive. Nazi Germany. Although the hostel was started as All those present enjoyed the happy atmosphere JACK'S EARLY CAR SERVICE § long ago as 1939, Mrs. Margulies is still in touch with of the reception. It served as a social gathering for 959 6473 | many of the girls whom she befriended at that time. those who regularly work together and, at the same She regards them as members of her family spread HEATHROW —£10 LUTON —£12 1 throughout the world, living in Israel, America, time, as a reunion of many members who had not QATWICK/STANSTED/SOUTHEND — £20 ! Canada and Australia. met for some time. BRIGHTON —£25 i On 8 December Dr. Rosenstock's AJR staff col­ EASTBOURNE & BOURNEMOUTH — £30 I leagues from Fairfax Mansions entertained him— ADVANCE BOOKINQS I LEGACIES EVEKYONE FUUY lEGAUY INSUKED § and were entertained by him—at a jolly and enjoy­ The AJR Charitable Trust has received the following ^iniiiiiiiniiinninciiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii^ able lunch at a nearby restaurant, each side assuring legacies: £S00 from the estate of the late Mr. E. M. Wagner, £'.'00 from the estate of the lale Dr. K. A. the other that their relationship and collaboration Your House for:— Jacobi, an interim payment of £1,565 from the estate would continue. FLOOR COVERINGS ofthe late Mr. W. Oelsner; final payments of £1,050 CURTAINS, CARPETS, from the estate of the late Mrs. Ruth Faulkner and SPECIALITY £475 from the estate of the late Mrs. Vera Rose ENGLISH & CONTINENTAL Gans; also an anonymous donation of £1,000. DOWN QUILTS, DUVETS, Annely Juda Fine Art DUVET COVERS & SHEETS BELSIZE SQUARE SYNAGOGUE 11 Tottenham Mews, London WIP 9PJ ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS SI Balcize Square, London, N.W.3 01-637 5517/8 ESTIMATES FREE Our new communal hall is available for CONTEMPORARY PAINTING DAWSON-LANE LIMITED cultural and social functions. For detaiis AND SCULPTURE (aitabllthed IMe) apply to: Secretary, Synagogue Office. 17 BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK Mon-Fri: 10 ain-6 pm Sat: 10 am-1 pm Telephone: 904 6871 Tel: 01-7M 3»4t Page 4 AJR INFORMATION JANUARY 1983 ETHIOPL^N JEWS HELD IN CAMPS Many of the 1,5(X) Falashas residing in Israel began a protest fast because, they say, Israel is doing nothing to help their compatriots. The Falashas, NEWS FROM ABROAD Black Jews, come from Ethiopia where nearly 30,000 are still Uving. In recent months there have been many disquieting reports about the conditions of Ethiopian Jews and calls for action have been made by Knesset members. The latest information comes from a Canadian TV team, who say that many SOVIET WOULD-BE EMIGRANT CHAGALL SHOW IN SWEDEN Falashas are confined in foiu- camps on the Ethiopian- LOSES DEGREE The Modern Museum in Stockholm recently Sudanese border. They are guarded by troops in the A recent samizdat (underground press) report mounted an important Marc Chagall exhibition, pay of Colonel Gaddafi, receive no help from out­ describes a closed discussion at Moscow State Uni­ covering the nonagenarian artist's output from 1907 side and are suffering harassment and terror. versity, where 17 geography professors met to decide to 1979. 92 paintings and over 100 etchings were on The Falasha Rabbi in Israel described those left in whether to revoke the doctorate of V. G. Melamed, view in this, the first Chagall exhibition in Europe Ethiopia as the last Zionists: "Many Jews around until recently head of a research project on perma­ since 1976. The catalogue, with its many reproduc­ the world could come to Israel but do not; the frost. Dr. Melamed was unable to attend because of tions, was sold out three days after the opening in Falashas want to come but cannot", he said. illness and asked for an adjournment ofthe meeting. September. Gala evenings including lectures on The fast ended after assurances on behalf of the This was refused and a number of reports were read Chagall and Chassidism, together with music by Jewish Agency's immigration department that the out to show that he had requested emigration to Jewish composers, accompanied the exhibition, Government and the Agency were endeavouring to Israel, a "capitalist country" and "enemy of the which lasted three months. bring the Jews of Ethiopia to Israel. USSR". Such unpatriotic conduct, it was said, should lead to the annulment of his higher degree. Only one professor, Yuri Medvekov, affirmed that as Melamed wished to be reunited with his family in ROMANIAN EMIGRATION LAW EASED Israel, his rights should not be in any way affected, VIRGINIANS OBJECT TO ANNE FRANK according to the Helsinki Declaration published in New regulations in Romania, under which would- When children in a mral school in Virginia were the official newspaper "Izvestia" in 1975. Mrs. be emigrants must repay the cost of their higher given "The Diary of Anne Frank" as a set book, Melamed spoke out at the meeting, calling the pro­ education before leaving, could affect some hun­ parents protested, saying that the diary was offensive ceedings "ludicrous" and pointing to her husband's dreds of Jews already holding exit permits. Chief and indecent. They particularly mentioned passages service to the State during his career. But such protests Rabbi Rosen of Romania pointed out that over 90% in which Anne tells of her awakening sexual feelings. were to no avail—by 16 votes to one. Dr. Melamed's of the Romanian Jewish community have already The local school board is to decide on the question. degree was revoked. emigrated, leaving some 30,000 in the coimtry. Of these, he said, two-thirds were over 60 and so not af­ fected by the new laws and many of the remainder SYMBOLIC SOIL FROM USSR did not wish to leave or had not received higher education. Rabbi Rosen was hopeful that a solution A small quantity of soil was handed over recently HITLER'S CAR IN BELGIUM would be found and pointed out that the Romanian The Brussels Car Museum has announced that it by a Soviet emigrant to former inhabitants of Government had always recognised that the Jewish Diatlovo now living in Israel. Before leaving the recently paid £60,000 for Hitler's car, a Mercedes Soviet Union, Anatoly Funt of Minsk visited the people needed a state of their own. In 1982, some specially made for the dictator in 1940. It is to appear mass grave in Diatlovo, Soviet Byelorussia, where 1,200 Jews had left for Israel and those remaining in in a touring exhibition, alongside cars used by Nazis murdered 3,000 Jews in August 1942. Unusually, Romania were able to lead an active communal and Presidents Roosevelt and John F. Kennedy. the memorial stone records that the victims were religious life. Jews; most memorials in Russia refer to the victims In a further statement. Rabbi Rosen said that the only as "Soviet citizens". Mr. Funt obtained per­ Romanian Government had decided that Jews who mission to take earth from the grave to Israel, where wished to emigrate to Israel would not be affected by it has been deposited in a Tel Aviv cemetery. the new regulations and that a group of 124 Jews KORNBERG MASTER OF CHRIST'S would shortly be leaving the country. Although In a traditional ceremony in the College Chapel, more than 40 of these people had enjoyed higher the Fellows of Christ's College, Cambridge elected SOVIET GERMANS SEEK VISAS education, the State would not be calling on them to Professor Sir Hans Kornberg, FRS to be the 34th The Institute of Jewish Affairs in London has dis­ repay the cost. Master since the College's foundation in 1504. closed that, as well as Soviet Jews, Soviet Germans Sir Hans Kornberg is 54 years old and came to have been applying for exit visas. After these have Britain in 1939 as a refugee from Nazi Germany. He been refused, the applicants have suffered in exactly was educated at Queen Elizabeth Grammar School, the same way as Jewish refuseniks: they have lost Wakefield and the University of Sheffield, where he jobs, homes and pension rights. More than 100,000 received his Ph.D degree in 1953. After two years of Soviet citizens of German origin have protested research in the USA, he held posts at the Universities publicly about the government's attitude towards of Oxford, Leicester and (currently) Cambridge, those who wish to leave the country. Many of the ^sais where, since 1975, he has been Head of the Bio­ protesters have been arrested as "parasites" or chemistry Department. Sir Hans' research, which he "hooligans" and punished by Soviet courts. began as a student of Nobel Laureate Sir Hans 2IN Krebs, is mainly concerned with the manner in ANTI which living cells maintain themselves in changing CZECH CEMETERY IN RUINS com environments; it has been recognised by his election Although the Jewish cemetery at Boskovice is 182 to the Royal Society, the German Academy of classified by the Czech authorities as an important Sciences, to Honorary Membership of American historical monument, it has been allowed to fall into ISOPO and Japanese scientific societies, and by the award disrepair and the outer stone walls have been neglected to him of several Honorary Degrees and scientific since 1945. Suggestions that the wall should be medals. He was knighted in 1978. rebuilt have met with a refusal by the town authorities Besides his scientific work. Sir Hans was for on grounds of cost, but the Jewish community of Fights Rust five years Chairman of the Royal Commission on Brno have obtained consent to the erection of a wire Newly developed. Zinc compounds Environmental Pollution and a member of the fence round the cemetery. are some of the finest rust inliibitors.The Science Research Council. He is currently a mem­ synthetic resin base forms a tough skin, ber of the Advisory Council on Applied Research which seals the surface from moisture. and Development (ACARD) and the Agricultural POPE MEETS SPANISH JEWS From all good hardware and accessory stores. Research Council; he is also a Managing Trustee of During his visit to Spain in November last, the Free literature trom David's ISOPON, FREEPOST the Nuffield Foundation and serves on the Boards of Pope met representatives ofthe Madrid Jewish com­ Northway House, London N20 9BR. the Council on Science and Society, the European munity. He also expressly condemned the persecution Institute for Environmental Policy, and the Cam­ and buming of Jews and others by the Spanish bridge Symphony Orchestra. Sir Hans is married, Inquisition, which put to death thousands of non- iiSSI.-1'Ud.'lwit h four children. He is a very interested member of Catholics. the AJR. AJR INFORMATION JANUARY 1983 Page J MRS. BEATE SULZBACH IN MEMORY OF Mrs. Beate Sulzbach, n6e Scherk, the wife of our friend Herbert Sulzbach, recently died at the age of 86 after a long illness. Bom in Posen, she and her DR. PAUL GOLDSCHEIDER family moved to Berlin in 1900. She was the niece of Otto Klemperer. During the First World War, she did voluntary war service as a nurse. An actress by When the news ofthe death of Dr. Paul Goldscheider reached us, an article to be published in profession, she appeared in Max Reinhardt's Kam­ our December issue on the occasion ofhisSOth birthday had already been sent to the printers. Little merspiele, Professor Robert's Residenztheater and did we then know that he would not Uve to see that day. Instead of conveying our birthday in the Tribuene, where she acted in plays by Wedekind greetings to him we now have to mourn the passing of a widely beloved personality. His name was a and Hasenclever. She also had gifts as a writer, having household word in Hampstead, and great is the number of patients who have lost their trusted adapted Julian Green's novel "Lfeviathan" as a medical adviser. The AJR has added reason for remembering him with deep feelings of gratitude, play, and was also a sculptor. She met Herbert Sulzbach in a circle of actors and writers, among because for more than two decades he rendered his services to the residents of Otto Schiff House them Ernst Deutsch and Walter Hasenclever. They and, during a period of nine years, also to Osmond House. Sharing the background of the married in 1922 and shared their lives for 60 years. residents and excelling by an extraordinary human understanding, his work was invaluable. We Throughout this time, she took a deep interest in all express our sincerest sympathy lo his widow. Dr. Gertrude Goldscheider, who, as a partner in his his activities and was an inspiration to him. We practice also took care of the Homes. The following obituary, written by his friend Dr. Wolfgang express our sincerest sympathy to Herbert Sulzbach Fischer, reflects the life and character ofhis outstanding personality. on the very sad loss inflicted on him. W.R. MICHAEL WALLACH conscience he could not act otherwise. The case was Michael Wallach has died at the age of 64. He Dr. Paul Goldscheider, GP in West Hampstead, was bom in Frankfurt-am-Main, the son of Rabbi died at the bedside of a patient on 5 November 1982. not reported. This story, showing the tme qualities B. L. Wallach, and was educated at the Jewish He was bom in Vienna on 12 December 1902 and of a modest but great man, gains in importance when Secondary School there, and after his emigration, orphaned in early childhood. While a medical student one knows that his brother had died in a Genman con­ continued his studies at University College London he had to work for his livelihood and subsequently centration camp and one of his sisters survived in Economics and Politics. He served in the Army became manager of an industrial firm. In the early Auschwitz. and Military Government during and shortly after 30's he foresaw that political and economic develop­ After demobilisation he set up in practice in the war, then worked at the BBC and as secretary ments in Central Europe would make it difficult for Hampstead. He had an enormous variety of patients, to the Chief Rabbi's office. For the last twenty him to carry on his industrial and medical activities ranging from the most influential and famous people years he was editor of the Jewish Chronicle Colour and might even become intolerable. to the most ordinary citizen in need, whom he Magazine, and of The Jewish Year Book. He was an excellent Hebraist and Jewish scholar generally, He succeeded in transferring the firm to England treated with equal care and love. was on the executive committee of the Council of in 1937, also took an English degree in medicine and The scope of his wide range of interests and talents Christians and Jews, and had translated the works of at the outbreak of war gave up his commercial ac­ is reflected in his great love for painting and music, Samson Raphael Hirsch. He was a valued con­ tivities, worked in a hospital and eventually joined in both of which his achievements as an amateur tributor to AJR Information. up as a Captain in the RAMC. He served with the were above average. In the circle of his artistic RAMC in West Africa, Belgium and Germany. friends two famous names stand out: the painter It was there that Goldscheider's humanity Oskar Kokoschka, who was also a patient of his during DR. IMMANUEL BIERER perhaps found its most remarkable symbolic expres­ his refugee years in England and then became a life­ Dr. Immanuel Bierer, a life-long Zionist and sup­ sion in an example of loyalty to the oath of Hippocrates long and devoted friend. The second great friend­ porter of the kibbutz movement, died recently in London at the age of 81. Born into a Romanian and even going beyond. As a Captain in the RAMC ship of historical interest started in 1927 with Else family with close links with Zionism (his father was a he was responsible among other things for the Lasker-Schiller, the German Jewish poet. He gave friend of Theodor Herzl), Immanuel Biercr medical care of German PoWs, including a large his correspondence with Else Lasker-SchOler to the first emigrated to Palestine in 1920, but returned to number of former SS men who were treated by him Else Lasker-Schuler archives and his small art collec­ Europe to study dairy farming with a view to without discrimination. The newly discovered tion to the University of Jemsalem. A portrait of her improving agriculture in his kibbutz. Following an penicillin was then still in such short supply that by painted by him is on permanent exhibition in the illness, he studied medicine at the University of Vieruia order it could not be administered to PoWs. When Van der Heydt Museum, Wuppertal. and then took up medical practice in Austria. Over­ He continued in practice until his last day and taken by the Anschluss, Dr. Bierer was thrown into a he found out that one of his SS patients would only concentration camp, but obtained his release and survive with the new drug, he personally administered often told his friends about the fate of a doctor came to Britain. His first wife and son, however, a shot in order to prevent his orderly from being friend who died while he was visiting a patient and remained in Europe, where they later perished in the court martialled. Predictably, this action reached thought that this would be the most perfect way to Holocaust. After service in the Pioneer Corps, Dr. the attention of his commanding officer, who go. Fate has granted him his wish. Bieser practised gynaecology and obstetrics in bolh threatened to report him. He replied that he was fully He is survived by his wife Dr. Gertmde Goldscheider Bethnal Green and Harley Street. For many years aware ofthe order but according to his oath and his and his two sisters. he was chairman of the Friends of the Kibbutz W. G. FISCHER organisation.

ROOMS IN N.W.6 P.A./SECRETARY Near Undarground Stathn and buses. Rooms mclusive of Breakfast and 3 course General Secretary of AJR urgently needs P.A./Secretary Dinner from £8 daHy per person. Also weekly rates with shorthand for 30 hours per week (10 a.m. - 5 p.m.) CHARLOTTE RESTAURANT from mid-January 1983. 221 West End Lane, N.W.6. Telephone 01-794 6476 This is a temporary post, but will lead to a permanent position Near Mter Hampstaad tJndarground Stathn within the organisation. Where you can eat a meal for £1. Oraskfora three course lunch or dinner for £1.80. Breakfast from 7.30a.m. Contact Mrs. Fisher on 01-624 9096/7. And a la carte untilate evenihg. Page 6 AJR INFORMATION JANUARY 1983 one may call the living and working conditions of H. W. Freyhan actors, directors and writers... Film-making has its own basic mles in each country. The supreme one, however, is the same everywhere—command of the respective language... An actor is rooted in his own language, and therefore in his country, almost like a peasant. His language is the soil on which he has to MUSIC IN THE NAZI PERIOD toil". Another major difficulty for exiled film people was the enormous difference they found in the stmc- ture of the film business in their country of exile, especially in the USA and the Soviet Union. Both Like other aspects of the Third Reich, its cultural although they had excluded the Jews from German stmctures were rather alien to a newcomer from life has been the subject of a good deal of research, cultural life they did offer them the opportunity to Central Europe. facilitated by the abimdance of documentation. In the pursue their own cultural life. This policy was in­ There were, for the author, many questions. For field of music, pioneer work had been done by Joseph tended to improve the regime's image abroad but it instance: when did that exile begin? Were people like Wulf in his Musik im Dritten Reich (1963). His find­ hardly agreed with the basic intent to promote Ernst Lubitsch, William Dieterle, Erich von ings have now been substantially enlarged and supple­ Jewish emigration as much as possible. As is well Stroheim, F. W. Murnau or Marlene Dietrich, who mented in Fred K. Prieberg's Musik im NS-Staat known, the Kulturbund was forced to continue its all left before Hitler came to power, exiles? Then, (Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag; 1982; DM 19.80).The performances even after the November pogrom in after 1945, a good many emigrants refused to return 1938, and artists who were required were released to Germany, some for professional and others for author, bom in Berlin in 1928, had already published emotional reasons. And what about those film- studies on Musik in der SowJel Union and Musik im from the camps. workers for whom Germany had already been the anderen Deutschland, which may be considered a It is one of those cases where there was no unanimity first land of emigration because they saw too little useful preparation for the task he has now under­ among the Nazi leadership, and with hindsight it hope of a career in their own? Among them were taken. His preparatory research has extended over seems strange that the ultimate murderous intent did quite a number of people from Poland and Russia, several years and has included correspondence and not exclude this less barbaric episode from playing Czechoslovakia and even Bulgaria. Ms. Hilchenbach interviews with surviving musicians—Nazis and non- its part, probably chiefly for reasons of propaganda. quotes the story of Theodor Bikel who emigrated as Nazis—of the 1933-45 period. All this material has The Jewish response to these opportunities was a a child with his parents from Vienna to Palestine in been carefully documented and will thus become a credit to the hard-tried community. Many of our 1938, then went in adulthood to America and valuable source for future studies. returned after 1945 to Europe but not to Austria readers will have lively memories of these musical whose people he dislikes because they "pretend not The author's approach is not always consequential. events and will appreciate Prieberg's highly sympa­ to have been accomplices but victims of Nazism". He tends to mete out harsh judgment of minor thetic survey ofthe scene, extending even to the private In this sense, the book touches upon politics offences, oblivious, [jerhaps, ofthe fact that nation­ concerts (Hauskonzerte) which supplemented the within the framework of the series Communication alism in music is not necessarily to be condemned. It work of the larger organisations. and Politics, but otherwise it is obvious that the is not limited to Nazis but exists in most countries Programme-building was controversial and the political attitude of the German refugees, the over­ such as Russia, France and Britain. His views are to rivalling claims for Jewish content and for traditional whelming majority of them Jews, does not need some extent determined by his keen interest in European fare were passionately debated. What much scholarly research. And there is nothing new modern trends, and this leads him to be tolerant of a emerged was a reasonable balance which proved in the observation that antisemitism added to the few Nazi composers. acceptable to the Jewish public. great problems of the refugees in a number of coun­ tries. England, as we all know, was not among them, The overall picture reveals that the Nazis' chief but the book quotes a post-war German author who priority was the complete and uncompromising said that the intemment of refugees "was understood elimination of Jewish composers and performers FILM IN EXILE as an over-hasty and much too general action which, from German musical life. The Nazi attitude was however, was taken in the interest of the refugees more oscillating with regard to modernism which We survivors from the Weimar era often feel like themselves". Well, well. .. found some support among the Hitler Youth, in statistical figures used in historical dissertations on The book's most interesting appendix consists of the subject of exile and emigration, which has become the short biographies of exiled film artists, many of opposition to reactionaries like Rosenberg. Apart fashionable among students writing their theses, from its racial policy the NS regime was not as totali­ professors lecturing, authors looking for an intrigu­ them unknown to your reviewer. On the other hand, tarian as is often assumed. Even so, there was an ing topic. A good many of these works have dealt there are conspicuous gaps. Poor Carola Neher, appalling number of converts to Nazism in and after with exilic literature and exilic theatre, and now we who—after her great success in the "Threepenny have one entitled Kino im Exil by Maria Hilchenbach, Opera"—emigrated to the Soviet Union and dis­ 1933. Anyone familiar with the prevailing mental appeared there without a trace, is not mentioned. climate during the years of the Weimar Republic will a volume published in a series called Communication and Politics (K. G. Saur, Munich, DM 42). Nor is OphUls credited with his most famous film, hardly be surprised when registering the general "La Ronde". On the other hand, artists who never response to January 1933. Many simply jumped on Its subtitle "The Emigration of German Film starred in a film, or directed one, in all their lives— Artists 1933-45", implies that it is meant mainly for such as Annemarie Hase, whose career was that of a the bandwaggon to further their career, but much of readers at universities and other cultural institu­ the shocking reaction by people who, until then, had tions, not for the film-loving public. However, the well-known cabaretist—have been included. For hardly shown any Nazi leanings, was due to the state publishers have carried their academic attitude many, the dates of birth and death were "not of intoxication which gripped the nation in spring slightly too far. It is a book about film and film­ available", though they could have been easily 1933 and accounts for the surrender of many who makers without any pictures at all—probably the ascertained. Fritz Gotfurt from Berlin, who rose to be head of the script department of a major British had played an honourable part in the Republic and first and only one in literary history trying to get away without the visual element while dealing with a film company, was not included. now became turncoats, to the distress of former There are, however, some pieces of information friends and admirers. It took an uncommon degree visual branch of the arts. Another characteristic of i academic aloofness which puzzles the reader is that which sadden us deeply. Jolly fat Otto Wallburg, of courage and inner steadfastness to resist tempta­ the chapters do not carry headlines indicating their one of Berlin's darlings, never made his way into tion and retain a balanced mind amid the general contents, but some kind of code signs. Thus, the exile; he was gassed in Auschwitz. Conrad Veidt, wave of enthusiasm. Later events, such as the blood­ pages about film-workerswh o emigrated to Britain famous since "The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari" (1919) bath of June, 1934, failed to act as eye openers, and are headed "F. I.", while those discussing the reac­ who arrived in England in 1933, died in Hollywood the regime's subsequent successes in foreign policy tion of the refugees to Germany's capitulation in at the age of only 50. Nora Gregor from Graz, the prevented any growth of critical insight and fore­ 1945 bear the mysterious title "M XIV.4". star of Renoir's "La regie du jeu"—which is now a bodings of what the future might hold. cult film—took her own life in Chile, aged 49. Still, the intentions of the book are laudable, and This is a book without anecdotes. They would have One ofthe book's chief assets is the chapter Mus;>r Ms. Hilchenbach is well aware of its shortcomings: "Someone who has neither lived through those times been out of place in an academic work. My own unterm Davidsstern which surveys the work of the favourite about filmexile s concerns the great Albert Jewish Kulturbuende and similar organisations that nor known the people personally does not find it easy to describe that emigration without falling into Bassermann, himself an "Aryan" who emigrated catered for Jewish musicians and their public. the trap of painting a sentimental picture or, on the because of his Jewish wife. Else Schiff. Al last he We know little about the motives which caused other hand, producing an ail-too sober collection of succeeded in getting a screen test in Hollywood. The Goebbels to permit and encourage these activities. figures and dates", she writes. "The difficulties of a big boss of the company saw it and was highly sur­ Hans Hinkel, an SS Officer, was put in charge and work on the emigration of German film-artists from prised. "I say", he exclaimed, "that guy's got played a part which was not altogether negative. the Third Reich are infinitely greater than, say, a talent!" At the beginning it suited the Nazis to claim that study of exilic literature; one has to focus on what EGON LARSEN AJR INFORMATION JANUARY 1983 Page? AUSTRIA Two Life Sentences for Terrorist A double sentence of life imprisonment has been GERMAN CITIES passed in Vierma on Bahij Younis, who was convicted for masterminding the assassination of Heinz Nittel, president of the Austria-Israel Friendship Associa­ AACHEN LANGEN tion, and the armed attack on the Seitengasse The recently published issue ofthe "Heimatblaetter When in August 1983 Langen/Hessen, which lies synagogue in which two people died and a number des Kreises Aachen" (obtainable at the Kreisver- between Frankfurt-am-Main and Darmstadt, cele­ were injured. Two Palestinian associates, who waltung Aachen, ZoUernstr. 10, D-5100 Aachen, brates the centenary of its attaining the status of a city, declared that Younis armed and incited them to carry DM 6.—plus postage) includes an article by Eric nine former Jewish citizens who have been living in out the killings, have also received life sentences. Lucas, who was born in Aachen in 1915 and now Britain, the United States and Israel since their forced Defending advocate Peter Stem, himself the son of a lives in Israel. It is called "'Die Herrschaft'— emigration will be invited for the festivities. The prominent Jewish lawyer, said that Younis would Geschichte einer juedischen Grossfamilie in Aachen" Council will send out the invitations as soon as the city lodge an appeal. and comprises the history of the Elkan, Keller and assembly authorises the proposal. Lucas families. The chronicle is enhanced by numerous New Austrian Anti-AntI Group documents which provide an insight into the life of AURICH'S JEWS FROM 159M940 The name of Rabbi Joseph Samuel Bloch, a the Jews in the district. A list ofthe deported Jews, de­ famous 19thWarsaw Ghetto. A group of young trade unionists in Hamm have and works of charity. A Pole by origin, he escaped taken over the duty of tidying and maintaining the from Nazi-held Warsaw and worked his way across Jewish cemetery in the town. The Jewish community the Soviet Union along the Trans-Siberian Railway. PROFESSOR ARYEH TARTAKOWER of Gross-Dortmund have gratefully accepted the From the terminus at Vladivostock, he joumeyed on The distinguished sociologist Professor Aryeh youngsters' offer to clean the tombstones and keep to Japan and Shanghai and thence to New Zealand, Tartakower has died in Israel, aged 85. Born in the area free from weeds. where he became a farmer. Galicia, he studied law at the University of Vienna and became an associate editor of the "JOdisches Lexikon". Once again in Poland, he held the chair of Jewish sociology in the Warsaw Institute of France 8- Germany's Jewish Sciences in the years 1929-1939. In his public life. Professor Tartakower was a founder and chair­ man of Hitachdut in Poland and from 1927 onward Finest Wines a member of the Zionist Action Committee. Shortly SHIPPED BY before the Second World War, he was serving as an alderman in Lodz, but emigrated to the United with the compliments of States in 1939. There he became director of relief and rehabilitation of the World Jewish Congress HOUSE OF and until 1971 he held several other important posts in the WJC. HALLGARTEN Emigrating to Palestine in 1946, Professor Tartakower was appointed Professor of Jewish Sociology at the Hebrew University. Among his Special Recommendation many interests, he also found time for the chairman­ ship of the Joint Committee for the Rescue of Ethi­ "Kellercup" Erdbeerbowie opian Jews (the Falashas) and was extremely active Beautiful blend of wine and on their behalf. His numerous writings on history and sociology, in Polish, Yiddish, Hebrew and Strawberries with delicious English, include "The Tribes of Israel" and he also Pafra spritz. helped to edit Adam Czerniakow's diary of the Warsaw Ghetto. synthetic adhesives Only £25.99 per case (12) adhesive applicators Incl. VAT and delivery CANON PETER SCHNEIDER A Christian expert on Judaism, Canon Peter Schneider died recently at the age of 54. The child of - Delivery to ali UK addresses. German-Jewish parents, he was brought to this Pafra Limited country in 1939 and read theology at Cambridge. Among posts he held in the 60s and early 70s were Bentalls. Basildon Please write or phone: the chaplaincy of St. Luke's, Flaifa, and as adviser JUSTIN GOLDMEIER on Jewish affairs to the Archbishop of Jemsalem. Essex . SSI 4 3BU Since 1976, Canon Schneider had been secretary of Wine Merchant the Consultants to the Archbishops of Canterbury 22 Pennine Drive. London NW2 and York on Inter-Faith Relationships. Peter Schneider was a follower of the late Dr. Telephone: 01-455 8672 James Parkes and was deeply interested in the cause of Christian-Jewish understanding. AJR INFORMATION JANUARY 1983 Page 9 GERMAN EX-WAR PRISONERS MEET GERMAN JEWISH SPORTSMEN More than 80 persons attended the 23rd annual meeting ofthe "Arbeitskreis Featherstone", held in Duesseldorf on 30 October last. Its members are former prisoners of war who had been held at Featherstone Park camp in Northumberland, and MACCABI CONGRESS Originally, sport served many Jewish citizens as a its Hon. President is Mr. Herbert Sulzbach, OBE, The following is an extract from a speech deliveredparticularl y welcome medium for social integration the education officer ofthe Camp. It was at Feather­ by the President ofthe German Sports Association, and this is why the Jewish clubs remained relatively stone Park that he began his signal services for the Staatsminister Dr. Willi Weyer, on the occasion ofthesmal l in the first place. However, the terror began promotion of Anglo-German understanding. The 11th Maccabi Congress, held on the 13th Novemberwit h the exclusion of the Jews from the General impact he has left on his former charges is reflected 1982 in Diisseldorf. Gymnastic and Sports Association and all of a sudden in the close personal relationship they have retained even the German Tennis Association no longer fielded with him. The guests at the reunion included the It is an honour and at the same time a pleasure to its top player, Daniel Prenn. Relative calm reigned headmaster ofthe school in Ryton (Northumberland) address you on the subject of Maccabi in Germany, prior to the Olympic Games of 1936 but this was a on whose initiative a plaque was affixed at the and to sketch its history in a few words. One only has entrance of the former camp. The main speaker at deceptive calm, as we now know. Top German the gathering was Dr. J. Nimtz, chief editor of the to read the memoirs of Nahum Goldmarm or Gershom Jewish sportsmen and women, who by all criteria Scholem to learn what high intellectual standing the "Frankfurter Neue Presse" who gave an address on would have qualified for inclusion in the German "Das deutsch-britisch-amerikanische Dreieck". German Jewish community once had in the eyes of team, were pushed sideways by devilish tricks. The 4 world Jewry. How difficult it was after the war to 64 year old Alfred Flatow, previously celebrated as find understanding within the Jewish world that the the triple Olympic winner in Athens in 1896, was EXILE RETURNS TO BERLIN German Jewish community stood in the middle. On ignored. When his club in Hamburg demanded his The writer Hilde Rubinstein has retumed to the one side a burdened, beaten and divided Germany resignation in 1933 he wrote: "I resign, but I refrain Berlin after many years of Swedish exile. Now aged which, in spite ofthe terror regime ofthe Nazis, re­ 78, she appeared in the literary world in 1931 when from giving expression to my thoughts and feelings." her fu-st play was put on by the Junge Volksbuhne in mained their home, and on the other side the Jews ia, He was not an honoured guest at the 1936 Olympics. the rest of the world. We are grateful to the European Berlin. She was arrested after the Nazi take-over, He sat somewhere hidden in the stadium. He found but escaped to Sweden in 1935. But even there her Maccabi Confederation which, in 1976, held its his end in the concentration camp of Theresienstadt, life was adventurous: in 1937, on a visit to the Soviet Executive Committee Meeting in Berlin where once as the victim of racial lunacy. He was a symbol of Union, she was imprisoned for her suspected Trotsky- upon a time, (from 1921) resided the General Head­ many other Jewish sportsmen and women of world ist activities and spent nearly a year in a Russian quarters of the Maccabi World Union. Today, I class. Maccabi became the successor organisation prison before getting back to Sweden. She has written welcome as World President, Fred Worms, the novels, poetry and essays and a new volume of her during the Hitler period for all the integrated and poems is expected to appear in 1983. Chairman of European Maccabi, Joel Haskell and assimilated Jews who were no longer able to belong the delegates from the different countries in Europe. to their original clubs. And so it was that as late as Just as the German Jewish community has a long 1938 there were still 105 Maccabi clubs with over WARZAGER EXHIBITION IN KOELN history of cultural achievement, so their history of 25,000 members, apart from the 20,000 who were physical activities in the gymnastic and general Ber Warzager, a Polish-born painter who has lived members of Schild, the sports organisation of Jewish in KOln for the last 25 years, has recently held a sports reach back into ihe last century. This history ex-servicemen. is closely connected with the World Zionist Move­ retrospective exhibition in Hilrth, marking his 70th ment. We have the records of the organisational Jewish Sport prior to 1933 was a respected part of birthday. Warzager, once a prisoner in Buchenwald the general sports movement in Germany, and it was concentration camp, resumed his artistic studies in stmcture from 1898 until 1938 due to the dedicated 1946 and then moved to Israel. When he came to live efforts of the native Berliner, Dr. Robert Atlasz, all the more despicable therefore that it should have been selected for special defamation. It is with in Germany, he was commissioned to undertake the who later became the Sports Director of Maccabi decoration of synagogues in KOln and Bamberg. World Union in Israel. recognition of this memory that the German Sports- bund was very keen already in the early 1950s to For the majority of German Jews there was no rebuild Maccabi Clubs in Germany. I was happy to MAHLER WORKS AT BERLIN FESTIVAL contradiction prior to 1933 between being a German participate in the re-establishment of Maccabi in and a Jew. In the First World War, untold numbers In this year's Berlin Festival, the music of Gustav I%5. My predecessor, Willi Daume, was particularly Mahler took pride of place. Orchestras and singers of Jews fought as German soldiers. Over 12,000 of active in that field. them fell for Germany. from all parts of the world performed in Berlin and Since then there have been frequent exchanges of 53 concerts were given in honour of the composer, German and Israeli sports teams; we have helped of which 30 were completely sold out. where we could, particularly with the building ofthe Maccabiah Village, the Wingate Institute and the THE athletic track of the stadium in Tel Aviv. The horror NEW CENTRE FOR RESEARCH IN BERLIN of the murders at the Black September Olympics in Some weeks ago, on the anniversary of the PERFECT GIFT 1972 served merely to tighten and reinforce the close Movember Pogrom of 1938, the new Institute for Research into Antisemitism at the Technical Univer­ (or men (rom 8 to 80 bonds between the German and Israeli sports sity of Berlin was formally opened with speeches urrnannnHrniTira organisations. from the University president and from Professor Herbert Strauss, recently appointed head ofthe new foundation. The idea of the Institute was first MACCABI GAMES FOR GERMANY mooted four years ago and it has received support At the annual conference ofthe European Maccabi from the Hebrew University Jerusalem and the City Confederation in Dusseldorf delegates from over 16 University of New York. A library and archive, countries attended and agreed that the venue for the together with a conference centre, will help to further 1987 Maccabi European Games should be in West Professor Strauss's hopes for an interdisciplinary ^. ^^L^-' Germany, KOln being named as the most likely site. focus-point where historians, sociologists and The 1983 Games, the fifth to be held, are to take scholars in other fields can research deeply into the place in Antwerp. causes and manifestations of antisemitism throughout '** /f 5 yejr S the centuries. llgudP£.nU'e j) MILITARV PARADE TOO EXPENSIVE CAMPS The 35th Israel Independence Day next April will INTERNMENT-P.O.W.- not be marked by a military parade. Public and FORCED LABOUR-KZ VICTORINOX ministerial opposition on the grounds of cost over- I wish to buy cards, envelopes and folded post­ marked letters from all camps of both worid wars. The Original Swiss Army Kntte mled Mr. Begin's strong support for the idea. It was estimated that the parade would have cost some £10 Please send, registered mall, stating price, to: million. The Cabinet may decide to hold civilian 14 Rosslyn Hill, London NW3 parades, to include contingents from the Diaspora. PETER C. RICKENBACK Page 10 AJR INFORMATION JANUARY 1983 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR affectionate admiration for Hans Weiss and his R. J. (RUDI) FRIEDMANN 70 family that set finally my resolve to become a Mr. R. J. (Rudi) Friedmann recently celebrated positive supporting member ofthe AJR. his 70th birthday. He started his Jewish activities in GRfJNEBERG AND WEISS 25WestbourneRoad, DR. A. P. JOSEPH Berlin, where he was circulation manager of the Sir,—Further to the obituary notice of the late Edgbaston, "Juedische Rundschau" from 1933 onwards. In this Professor Gruneberg (on page S AJR Information Birmingham B15 3TX country, which he reached shortly before the out­ December 1982) your readers may be interested in an break of war, he became assistant director of the additional small item connected with him. Jewish National Fund and director of its Functions Griineberg's major work on genetics and his use of Department from its inception in 1946. He organised niice as experimental models was already behind him the "Blue and White Balls", engaging well-known by 1961 but he was at that time revising some ofthe artistes, enlisting the patronage of leading Jewish material for further publication and, with the help personalities, preparing souvenir brochures and of a Medical Research Council grant, he had a pro­ securing further proceeds by the sale of tickets. He ject planned involving collecting mice specimens AUSTRIAN JEWISH MUSEUM also created the JNF Youth commissions and pro­ from South India. A research assistant was needed moted Golf and Bridge Tournaments and Film, to Join the project team and the place was filled by Sir,—This summer I quite by chance came across the Oesterreichisches Juedisclies Museum recently Theatre and Span galas. By his enthusiasm and Robin A. Weiss, then a recent graduate with the administrative ability he raised large funds for the highest honours in Zoology from University Col­ opened in Eisenstadt. As a Friend of the Manchester Jewish Museum Zionist cause. In 1970 he retired to live in Switzerland. lege, London. The project duly went ahead and Rudi Friedmann joined the AJR immediately after Weiss's experience thus gained in this field and this was of interest to me although I found the Museum very empty of both objects and artefacts. its foundation and has been a member of its Board under Gruneberg's guidance was instrumental in for many years. We extend our cordial birthday leading him to his later studies of viruses and their The interesting things were the copies of old acts and greetings to him. role in the causation of many forms of mammalian laws passed against the Jewish population. The chain cutting off the ghetto is still there and hanging and avian malignant disease. ALFRED WEICHSELBAUM AT 60 on the street corner. Behind is a small section of a Robin Weiss, now himself a Professor and the pre­ field with some tumbled headstones all printed in Director of the Zentralwohlfahrtsstelle der Juden sent Director of Ihe Institute of Cancer Research, Hebrew and obviously quite old but 1 could not find in Deutschland, Alfred Weichselbaum has attained yvas born in London the youngest son of Ihe late any information about this. the age of 60. A native of Frankfurt a.M., he managed Hans Weiss who until his death in 1980 was for many I thought some of your readers might be interested for a time to live in illegality under the Nazi regime, years, like Professor Gruneberg, a member of the lo kno w about this Museum particularly as Eisenstadt but was captured and sent to Auschwitz. Returning AJR. Hans Weiss was amongst the mostforesighted to Frankfurt after the war, he busied himself in of German Jews. He resolved to leave Germany at had such a good sized Jewish population before their dispersal. reinstating the former Jewish comfnunity of the city the earliest opportunity after Hitler came to power and in providing assistance for the survivors of the and there must have been regrettably only too few The poster advertising the Museum, which I concentration camps. For the last seven years Alfred Jewish citizens who foresaw so clearly the likely bought, is printed as an oldKtubah and states: 1000 Weichselbaum has been a council member of the tragedy for German Jewry and who acted so promptly Jahre Oeslerreichisches Judentum, Werlheimerhaus— Zentralrat der Juden in Deutschland. and wisely for themselves. My own association with Eisenstadt. the Weiss family, dating from 1948, gave me many I feel sure thai this will be a permanent exhibition. HANDICAPPED CHILDREN HELPED insights into inter-War German Jewish life and It was opened in June of this year, and I thought I should bring it to the notice of your readers. The Immanuel Children's Choir from Beriin has perhaps some understanding ofthe life traumas for been giving performances in Israel in aid of handi­ such people—not always an easy concept to grasp The Bungalow, MRS. LEAH MARTINS capped Israeli children. The Immanuel Choir is unique for those of us lucky enough lo have been born 92 Carrington Road, in Germany, because it actually includes mentaJly Jewish in England. Il was my longstanding and Urmston, Manchester M31 3HX handicapped children among its members.

FAMILY EVENTS Travers:—John W. Travers, aged 83, ARNOLD ZWEIG BIOGRAPHIE. GENTLEMAN in his early sixties, Entries in the column Family Events died 8 December 1982. Retired Skirt Ich arbeite an einer Biographie von separated, seeks sincere lady for genuine are free of charge: any voluntary dona­ Manufacturer. Sadly missed by his wife Arnold Zweig und bin an Briefen des companionship. German origin. tions would, however, be appreciated. Lily Travers. Dichters, persoenlichen Erinnemngen Box 961. Texts should be sent in by ISth ofthe an ihn und unveroeffentlichten CLASSIFIED WIDOW, CONTINENTAL ORIGIN, month. Angaben ueber seinen Lebens-und varied interests, would like to meet The charge in these columns is SOp Schaffungsweg interessiert. Bitte Mit- sincere, unattached gentleman 63 to 74 for five words plus SOp for advertise­ Birthdays teilungen an das Leo Baeck Institut, for genuine companionship. North­ ments under a Box No. Tobert:—Mr. A. Tobert (Tobinski), of P.O.B. 8298, 91082 Jerusalem, fuer ampton area. Box 962. 8 Honister Close, Sta-nmore, Middlesex, Miscellaneous Dr. Arie Wolf zu senden. celebrated his 80th birthday on 30 ELECTRICIAN City and Guilds INFORMATION REQUIRED December. qualified. All domestic work under­ Situations Vacant AJR Enquiry taken. Tel: 455 5262. WE WOULD WELCOME hearing Turan:—Would Mrs. A. Turan, last from more ladies who would be willing known address, 77 Holmefield Court, Thanks for Congratulations REVLON MANICURIST. Will visit Belsize Grove, NW3 4TU, please con­ your home. Phone 01-445 2915. to shop and cook for an elderly person Salzberger:—I am so overwhelmed by in their neighbourhood on a temporary tact the Membership Department. all the letters, flowers and kindness 1 BED AND BREAKFAST nr. Golders or permanent basis. Current rate of have received on the occasion of my Schmeidler: —Would Mr. Carl Green. Comfortable single and double pay £2.20 per hour. Please ring Mrs. Schmeidler, last know address, 61 Bel­ 90th birthday, that I find it impossible rooms, moderate charges, nightly or Matus 01-624 4449, AJR Employment, size Park Gardens, NW3 4JN, please to thank everyone personally, as I weekly terms. 455 8033. for Appointment. contact the Membership Department. would have loved to do. So I want to VERY NICE LARGE ROOM, every take this opportunity to express my facility, c.h., h. & c, telephone, over­ MIDDLE-AGED LADY required for gratitude to all who have contributed looking lovely garden, in beautiful a few hours week-day aftemoon to to give me such an enjoyable lime. quiet private house, NW, to be let to a help disabled lady. No nursing or TAILORING tt DRESSMAKING Charlotte N. Salzberger. mature, very quiet paying guest, pre­ cleaning, but assistance with cooking ALTERATIONS tt REPAIRS ferably Viennese. References required. and light washing. Box 963. Men's & Ladies' Deaths Box 959. Box 964 Seidler:—David Seidler, of 5 Yorath FOR RETIRED or elderly person only, Personal Road, Whitchurch, Cardiff, died sud­ self-contained modern furnished flat, WIDOW, 68, without family, would denly on 22 November. Dearly loved NWll, in exchange for some com­ like to meet refined lady for weekends, and sadly missed by his loving wife, panionship and occasional shopping view friendship. Only ladies living in FURNISHED FLATS AND HOUSES daughters, grandchildren and great­ for elderly lady. Please ring 455 2075. the Kensington/Bayswater (London) WANTED BY OUR COMPANY grandchildren. area should reply. Box 955. SUCHE alte Ansichtskarten, Fotos, EMBASSY & PRIVATE APPLICANTS Dokument und Aehnliches betreffend UNATTACHED independent lady, who Discreet aixJ Personal Service TUsifer:—Kathe Tilsiter passed away das kontinentale Judentum. Schreiben speaks several languages, would like to Cydale Apartments Ltd. 6 December. Deeply moumed by Johnny, Sie bitte Simpson, 23 Glendale Avenue, meet a cheerful companion, over 60, Telephoiw: 01-431 2500 Trixy, Simon and Andrew. Edgware, Middlesex. for friendship and travelling. Box 960. i AJR INFORMATION JANUARY 1983 Page 11

MAX BORN AND JAMES FRANCK WEHRMACHT OITICER SAVED JEWS FOREIGN COMPENSATION HONOURED Amongst four people honoured by the State of (CZECHOSLOVAHA) ORDER 1982 To mark the centenaries of the birth of the Israel for their bravery in rescuing Jews from Nazi Under (I) of the brief outline of the above- physicists Max Bom and James Franck, an exhibition oppression. Dr. Alfred Battel had already died in mentioned Order, pubUshed in the December 1982 was held in the West Berlin State Library. In her 1952. His story, however, did not come to light until issue of AJR Information, it is pointed out that opening address Dr. Hildegard Hanun-Bmecher, until a war crimes trial in 1963. During the war, in 1942, claims may be made by persons who at the time of recently Minister of State in the Bonn Foreign Office Dr. Battel was a lieutenant in the Wehrmacht in the deprivation of property by Czechoslovak and herself a scientist, recalled that both men were Przemysl and acting as adjutant to the garrison com­ measures were owners of that property. It should be originally entirely non-political. Yet, after having mander. Hearing that an SS unit was about to scour borne in mind here that according to the Order any realised the danger of nuclear physics, they came to the the local ghetto for Jews and send them to the exter­ transfer of property in a part of Czechoslovakia coriclusion that science and politics were two spheres mination camps, Lt. Battel stationed men on the only under German occupation between 1 October 1938 which could not be separated. Born and Franck, who road to the ghetto with orders to tum back the SS and 9 May 1945 shall be deemed for the purposes of were close personal friends, had much in common. men, if necessary by threatening to fire on them. the Order to have been null and void if it was effected They descended from Jewish families, were laureates That same day he sent an army lorry to remove 80 or under fraud or duress or without the consent of the of the Nobel Prize for physics, taught in Berlin and 100 Jews from the ghetto and bring them to the person to whom the property belonged at the date of Goettingen and were forced to emigrate when the relative safety of the army barracks. This action, such transfer. The same applies to transfers of this Nazis came to power. Both died in Goettingen, Born taken solely on the junior officer's own responsi­ nature in a part of Czechoslovakia under Hungarian in 1970 after his final return to Germany and Franck bility, did not escape punishment, even though he occupation between 6 November 1938 and 9 May in 1964 on a visit to that town. The exhibits include had been a Nazi Party member since 1933. The SS 1945. books, jjeriodicals, articles, paintings and photos. reported him and he was sent to the Eastern front, discharged from the Wehrmacht on the pretext of Therefore, if a Jew was forced to sell property In the name of the Born and Franck families Pro­ situated in Czechoslovakia and if that property, fessor Gustav Bom (London) who at last year's ill-health and finally forced to join the Volkssturm, where he was eventually captured by the Russians. consequently, at the time when it was affected by General Meeting gave an illuminating address to the Czechoslovak measures of deprivation, was held in AJR members, spoke at the opening function. Dr. Battel's son Peter received the Yad Vashem medal on behalf of his late father from the Israeli the name of the purchaser, this does not invalidate The exhibition will later be shown in other Ger­ ambassador to West Germany. the original Jewish owner's right to piu-sue a claim man towns and, from June to September 1983, in under the above-mentioned Order. the London Science Museum. E.G.L.

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CITY'S PICTURES AT THE BARBICAN It is only fitting that the Barbican Art Gallery THEATRE AND CULTURE should now be able to show the City's art treasures (exhibition open until 23 January 1983). It is 42 years which Elisabeth Bergner and Gert Froebe took part. Israel. The problem of playing music by certain since the Guildhall Art Gallery was destroyed by German composers on Israeli Radio remains largely Jud Suess. Feuchtwanger's book, made into a enemy action and it has not yet been replaced, although unresolved. Whilst Wagner operas can still not be fihn by notorious Veit Harlan in 1940, starring designs have been prepared, because of restrictions publicly performed, there had been many voices in Kristine Soederbaum and Ferdinand Marian, was on local government expenditure. favour of including Richard Strauss's works in approved by the Nazi propaganda ministry to foster The City's collection of works of art has a long musical programmes as it had been proved that the Jew-baiting, hate and atrocities. Feuchtwanger's composer's relations with the Nazi authorities had history, its first works having been commissioned as widow has now given permission for a remake for long ago as 1670. Over the years it has been built up been far from cordial. However, after renewed protests the small screen in collaboration with British and by a section of the public, Richard Strauss's operas into a very important collection by gift and pur­ French Television. chase, mainly comprising portraits and scenes of and symphonic tone poems remain banned for the Birthday. Valerie von Martens, Lienz-bom daughter time being. London. Amongst its benefactors an important role of an Austrian admiral, widow of author and play­ was played by Sir David Salomons, the first Jewish Vienna. A matin6e honouring the centenary of wright Kurt Goetz, was the subject of 80th birthday Lord Mayor of London, who presented 69 drawings the birth of Max Mell, the Austrian author, was held congratulations. Although mainly acting in her by E. W. Cooke in 1870. The Joseph family with in Vienna; readings from his works were given by husband's plays ("Hokuspokus", "Ingeborg", their City connections were also important bene­ Paula Wessely and Hans Thimig. In a revue show, "Dr. Med. Hiob Praetorius") Valerie von Martens, factors. On 30 June 1943 Sir Winston Churchill starring Catarina Valente and networked by Austrian who now lives in Switzerland, is an excellent actress received the Freedom of the City in the presence of Television, a solo performance by 83 year old Rudolf in her own right. This was recently proved on German Sir Samuel Joseph, then Lord Mayor. This historic Carl, earned a justified ovation. Carl, a most popular Television when a playlet, recorded some five years occasion is recorded in a fine picture by O. Salisbury comedian, became the successor to Hans Moser in ago, "Herbst", earned her universal acclaim once which was presented to the Corporation by Lady many operattas as the so-called "saviour ofthe third again. In this lively production she was partnered by Joseph and Sir Keith Joseph. act", and still makes an occasional appearance. A the late and unforgotten Theo Lingen. S.B. return by Wolfgang Liebeneiner to Vienna's The exhibition covers many periods, styles and "Josefstadt" reminded the older generation that media. It includes works by Diirer and Rembrandt, INFLATION AFFECTS STAMPS this artist was first seen in the "Liebelei" film of Turner and the great Victorians, as well as a repre­ 1932; he later switched to directing and producing Inflation rates in Israel are so high, and the postage sentative collection of works by the Pre-Raphaelites rates change so often in consequence, that the films. Married to actress Hilde Krahl, Liebeneiner, and their followers. There are more than 200 pictures Govemment has issued special stamps which do not on show, including a watercolour by Feliks Topolski at 76, is still in the business. One ofhis latest films, a show any price-mark. Instead the stamps are marked Munich Television production, is "The Garden", in and a magnificent oil "Lady with a Rose" by Sir "Valid for a normal letter". Matthew Smith. ALICE SCHWAB

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