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Boppré, M. Et Al. (1994): Summary
Zonocerus and Chromolaena in West Africa A chemoecological approach towards pest management M. Boppré, O. W. Fischer Institute of Forest Zoology, University of Freiburg i.B. Summary The variegated grasshopper, Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Pyrgomorphidae), is a polyphagous African grasshopper. In parts of West Africa its dry-season population has reached pest status, apparently in coincidence with the spread of the introduced Siam weed, Chromolaena odorata (L.) K. & R. (Asteraceae: Eupatoriae), which, however, is not a food plant for Zonocerus. Knowledge of pharmacophagous utilisation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) by Zonocerus elegans has suggested that flowers of Chromolaena which are attractive for and consumed by Zonocerus variegatus in a special manner do not have a nutritional function but rather serve solely as a PA-source. Field studies demonstrate that Z. variegatus is attracted to various PA-containing plants more strongly than to Chromolaena flowers, and pure PAs are also effective lures. In conclusion, Zonocerus seems to enjoy a non-nutritional association with Chromolaena which only provides PAs. These secondary plant compounds are stored and chemically protect the grasshoppers and particularly their diapausing eggs from predation and parasitism, and thus cause increased fitness and influence the population density of dry-season Zonocerus. Our ongoing behavioural, physiological and chemical studies strongly support this hypothesis and provide an example of the hidden and unpredictable effects which the introduction of a foreign plant can have on population dynamics of a native insect species and on (agro-)ecosystems. This knowledge on the pharmacophagous behaviour and its chemoecological context leads us to develop a PA-based bait to poison Zonocerus and/or infect the insects with pathogens and thus control them specifically in a way harmless to man and environment. -
Abundance of Sesamia Nonagrioides (Lef.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on the Edges of the Mediterranean Basin
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Psyche Volume 2012, Article ID 854045, 7 pages doi:10.1155/2012/854045 Review Article Abundance of Sesamia nonagrioides (Lef.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on the Edges of the Mediterranean Basin Matilde Eizaguirre1 and Argyro A. Fantinou2 1 Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain 2 Laboratory of Ecology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece Correspondence should be addressed to Matilde Eizaguirre, [email protected] Received 5 September 2011; Revised 17 November 2011; Accepted 21 November 2011 Academic Editor: Matilda Savopoulou-Soultani Copyright © 2012 M. Eizaguirre and A. A. Fantinou. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Organisms inhabiting seasonal environments are able to synchronize their life cycles with seasonal cycles of biotic and abiotic factors. Diapause, a state of low metabolic activity and developmental arrest, is used by many insect species to cope with adverse conditions. Sesamia nonagrioides is a serious pest of corn in the Mediterranean regions and Central Africa. It is multivoltine, with two to four generations per year, that overwinters as mature larva in the northern of the Sahara desert. Our purpose was to compare theresponseoftheS. nonagrioides populations occurring in the broader circum-Mediterranean area, with particular attention to the diapause period and the different numbers of generations per season. To this end, we tried to determine whether populations in the area differ in their response to photoperiod and whether we can foresee the number of generations in different areas. -
Sampling Adults by Animal Bait Catches and by Animal-Baited Traps
Chapter 5 Sampling Adults by Animal Bait Catches and by Animal-Baited Traps The most fundamental method for catching female mosquitoes is to use a suit able bait to attract hungry host-seeking individuals, and human bait catches, sometimes euphemistically called landing counts, have been used for many years to collect anthropophagic species. Variations on the simple direct bait catch have included enclosing human or bait animals in nets, cages or traps which, in theory at least, permit the entrance of mosquitoes but prevent their escape. Other attractants, the most widely used of which are light and carbon dioxide, have also been developed for catching mosquitoes. In some areas, especially in North America, light-traps, with or without carbon dioxide as a supplement, have more or less replaced human and animal baits as a routine sampling method for several species (Chapter 6). However, despite intensive studies on host-seeking behaviour no really effective attractant has been found to replace a natural host, and consequently human bait catches remain the most useful single method of collecting anthropophagic mosquitoes. Moreover, although bait catches are not completely free from sampling bias they are usually more so than most other collecting methods that employ an attractant. They are also easily performed and require no complicated or expensive equipment. HUMAN BAIT CATCHES Attraction to hosts Compounds used by mosquitoes to locate their hosts are known as kairomones, that is substances from the emitters (hosts) are favourable to the receiver (mosquitoes) but not to themselves. Emanations from hosts include heat, water vapour, carbon dioxide and various host odours. -
Lubber Grasshoppers, Romalea Microptera (Beauvois), Orient to Plant Odors in a Wind Tunnel
J. B. HELMS, C. M. BOOTH, J. RIVERA, J. A. SIEGLER,Journal S. WUELLNER,of Orthoptera D. W. Research WHITMAN 2003,12(2): 135-140135 Lubber grasshoppers, Romalea microptera (Beauvois), orient to plant odors in a wind tunnel JEFF B. HELMS, CARRIE M. BOOTH, JESSICA RIVERA, JASON A. SIEGLER, SHANNON WUELLNER, AND DOUGLAS W. WHITMAN 4120 Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract We tested the response of individual adult lubber grasshoppers in a wind tion, palpation, and biting often increase in the presence of food tunnel to the odors of 3 plant species and to water vapor. Grasshoppers moved odors (Kennedy & Moorhouse 1969, Mordue 1979, Chapman upwind to the odors of fresh-mashed narcissus and mashed Romaine lettuce, but not to water vapor, or in the absence of food odor. Males and females 1988, Chapman et al. 1988). Grasshoppers will also retreat from showed similar responses. Upwind movement tended to increase with the the odors of deterrent plants or chemicals (Kennedy & Moorhouse length of starvation (24, 48, or 72 h). The lack of upwind movement to water 1969, Chapman 1974). However, the most convincing evidence vapor implies that orientation toward the mashed plants was not simply an that grasshoppers use olfaction in food search comes from wind orientation to water vapor. These results support a growing data base that tunnel and olfactometer experiments, showing that grasshoppers suggests that grasshoppers can use olfaction when foraging in the wild. can orient upwind in response to food odors. To date, 3 grass- hopper species, Schistocerca gregaria, S. -
INSECT RESISTANCE MONITORING REPORT for Sesamia Nonagrioides ASSOCIATED with MON 810 MAIZE CULTIVATION in the EU
INSECT RESISTANCE MONITORING REPORT FOR Sesamia nonagrioides ASSOCIATED WITH MON 810 MAIZE CULTIVATION IN THE EU Season 2017 CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Insect collection 4 2.2. Insect culture 5 2.3. Quality of the laboratory strain 5 2.4. Cry1Ab protein 6 2.5. Bioassays 7 2.5.1. Susceptibility of the reference strains of S. nonagrioides 7 and O. nubilalis to the Cry1Ab protein in dose-response bioassays 2.5.2. Susceptibility of S. nonagrioides to the Cry1Ab protein in 8 diagnostic concentration bioassays 2.5.3. Larval development on MON 810 tissue 8 2.6. Statistical analysis 9 3. Results and Discussion 3.1. Collection of larvae 9 3.2. Susceptibility of the reference strains to the C ry1Ab protein in 10 dose-response bioassays 3.3. Diagnostic concentration bioassays 11 3.4. Confirmatory experiment: Development of larvae on MON 810 12 leaves 4. Summary of results 13 5. Concluding remarks 14 6. References 15 7. Tables and Figures 17-26 Annex I Stepwise approach followed to do the bioassays 27 Annex II Map with the sampling locations of S. nonagrioides larvae in 2017 28-29 Annex III Map with the sampling locations of O. nubilalis larvae in 2017 30-31 1 1. Introduction Maize containing event MON 810 is transgenic improved maize expressing the Cry1Ab protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki , and conferring protection against certain lepidopteran insect pests such as Ostrinia nubilalis and Sesamia nonagrioides . Resistance development in targeted lepidopteran pests is a potential concern arising from the widespread cultivation of MON 810 maize varieties. -
An Inventory of Short Horn Grasshoppers in the Menoua Division, West Region of Cameroon
AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGY JOURNAL OF NORTH AMERICA ISSN Print: 2151-7517, ISSN Online: 2151-7525, doi:10.5251/abjna.2013.4.3.291.299 © 2013, ScienceHuβ, http://www.scihub.org/ABJNA An inventory of short horn grasshoppers in the Menoua Division, West Region of Cameroon Seino RA1, Dongmo TI1, Ghogomu RT2, Kekeunou S3, Chifon RN1, Manjeli Y4 1Laboratory of Applied Ecology (LABEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 353 Dschang, Cameroon, 2Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Agronomic Sciences (FASA), University of Dschang, P.O. Box 222, Dschang, Cameroon. 3 Département de Biologie et Physiologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Yaoundé 1, Cameroun 4 Department of Biotechnology and Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Agronomic Sciences (FASA), University of Dschang, P.O. Box 222, Dschang, Cameroon. ABSTRACT The present study was carried out as a first documentation of short horn grasshoppers in the Menoua Division of Cameroon. A total of 1587 specimens were collected from six sites i.e. Dschang (265), Fokoue (253), Fongo – Tongo (267), Nkong – Ni (271), Penka Michel (268) and Santchou (263). Identification of these grasshoppers showed 28 species that included 22 Acrididae and 6 Pyrgomorphidae. The Acrididae belonged to 8 subfamilies (Acridinae, Catantopinae, Cyrtacanthacridinae, Eyprepocnemidinae, Oedipodinae, Oxyinae, Spathosterninae and Tropidopolinae) while the Pyrgomorphidae belonged to only one subfamily (Pyrgomorphinae). The Catantopinae (Acrididae) showed the highest number of species while Oxyinae, Spathosterninae and Tropidopolinae showed only one species each. Ten Acrididae species (Acanthacris ruficornis, Anacatantops sp, Catantops melanostictus, Coryphosima stenoptera, Cyrtacanthacris aeruginosa, Eyprepocnemis noxia, Gastrimargus africanus, Heteropternis sp, Ornithacris turbida, and Trilophidia conturbata ) and one Pyrgomorphidae (Zonocerus variegatus) were collected in all the six sites. -
Effects of Climate Change on Arctic Arthropod Assemblages and Distribution Phd Thesis
Effects of climate change on Arctic arthropod assemblages and distribution PhD thesis Rikke Reisner Hansen Academic advisors: Main supervisor Toke Thomas Høye and co-supervisor Signe Normand Submitted 29/08/2016 Data sheet Title: Effects of climate change on Arctic arthropod assemblages and distribution Author University: Aarhus University Publisher: Aarhus University – Denmark URL: www.au.dk Supervisors: Assessment committee: Arctic arthropods, climate change, community composition, distribution, diversity, life history traits, monitoring, species richness, spatial variation, temporal variation Date of publication: August 2016 Please cite as: Hansen, R. R. (2016) Effects of climate change on Arctic arthropod assemblages and distribution. PhD thesis, Aarhus University, Denmark, 144 pp. Keywords: Number of pages: 144 PREFACE………………………………………………………………………………………..5 LIST OF PAPERS……………………………………………………………………………….6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………………...7 SUMMARY……………………………………………………………………………………...8 RESUMÉ (Danish summary)…………………………………………………………………....9 SYNOPSIS……………………………………………………………………………………....10 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………...10 Study sites and approaches……………………………………………………………………...11 Arctic arthropod community composition…………………………………………………….....13 Potential climate change effects on arthropod composition…………………………………….15 Arctic arthropod responses to climate change…………………………………………………..16 Future recommendations and perspectives……………………………………………………...20 References………………………………………………………………………………………..21 PAPER I: High spatial -
First Detection of a Sesamia Nonagrioides Resistance Allele to Bt Maize in Europe Received: 1 November 2017 Ana M
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN First detection of a Sesamia nonagrioides resistance allele to Bt maize in Europe Received: 1 November 2017 Ana M. Camargo1,2, David A. Andow2, Pedro Castañera1 & Gema P. Farinós 1 Accepted: 9 February 2018 The Ebro Valley (Spain) is the only hotspot area in Europe where resistance evolution of target pests Published: xx xx xxxx to Cry1Ab protein is most likely, owing to the high and regular adoption of Bt maize (>60%). The high-dose/refuge (HDR) strategy was implemented to delay resistance evolution, and to be efective it requires the frequency of resistance alleles to be very low (<0.001). An F2 screen was performed in 2016 to estimate the frequency of resistance alleles in Sesamia nonagrioides from this area and to evaluate if the HDR strategy is still working efectively. Out of the 137 isofemale lines screened on Cry1Ab maize leaf tissue, molted larvae and extensive feeding were observed for two consecutive generations in one line, indicating this line carried a resistance allele. The frequency of resistance alleles in 2016 was 0.0036 (CI 95% 0.0004–0.0100), higher but not statistically diferent from the value obtained in 2004– 2005. Resistance does not seem to be evolving faster than predicted by a S. nonagrioides resistance evolution model, but the frequency of resistance is now triple the value recommended for an efective implementation of the HDR strategy. Owing to this, complementary measures should be considered to further delay resistance evolution in the Ebro Valley. Te commercial use of genetically engineered (GE) crops in Europe has been controversial. -
Elements for the Sustainable Management of Acridoids of Importance in Agriculture
African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 7(2), pp. 142-152, 12 January, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR DOI: 10.5897/AJAR11.912 ISSN 1991-637X ©2012 Academic Journals Review Elements for the sustainable management of acridoids of importance in agriculture María Irene Hernández-Zul 1, Juan Angel Quijano-Carranza 1, Ricardo Yañez-López 1, Irineo Torres-Pacheco 1, Ramón Guevara-Gónzalez 1, Enrique Rico-García 1, Adriana Elena Castro- Ramírez 2 and Rosalía Virginia Ocampo-Velázquez 1* 1Department of Biosystems, School of Engineering, Queretaro State University, C.U. Cerro de las Campanas, Querétaro, México. 2Department of Agroecology, Colegio de la Frontera Sur, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, México. Accepted 16 December, 2011 Acridoidea is a superfamily within the Orthoptera order that comprises a group of short-horned insects commonly called grasshoppers. Grasshopper and locust species are major pests of grasslands and crops in all continents except Antarctica. Economically and historically, locusts and grasshoppers are two of the most destructive agricultural pests. The most important locust species belong to the genus Schistocerca and populate America, Africa, and Asia. Some grasshoppers considered to be important pests are the Melanoplus species, Camnula pellucida in North America, Brachystola magna and Sphenarium purpurascens in northern and central Mexico, and Oedaleus senegalensis and Zonocerus variegatus in Africa. Previous studies have classified these species based on specific characteristics. This review includes six headings. The first discusses the main species of grasshoppers and locusts; the second focuses on their worldwide distribution; the third describes their biology and life cycle; the fourth refers to climatic factors that facilitate the development of grasshoppers and locusts; the fifth discusses the action or reaction of grasshoppers and locusts to external or internal stimuli and the sixth refers to elements to design management strategies with emphasis on prevention. -
The Apameini of Israel (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) SHILAP Revista De Lepidopterología, Vol
SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología ISSN: 0300-5267 [email protected] Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología España Kravchenko, V. D.; Fibiger, M.; Mooser, J.; Junnila, A.; Müller, G. C. The Apameini of Israel (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología, vol. 36, núm. 142, junio, 2008, pp. 253-259 Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología Madrid, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45512540015 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative SHILAP Nº 142 9/6/08 11:52 Página 253 SHILAP Revta. lepid., 36 (142), junio 2008: 253-259 CODEN: SRLPEF ISSN:0300-5267 The Apameini of Israel (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) V. D. Kravchenko, M. Fibiger, J. Mooser, A. Junnila & G. C. Müller Abstract In Israel, 20 species of tribe Apameini belonging to 10 genera have been found to date. Four species are endemic of the Levant (Sesamia ilonae, Luperina kravchenkoi, Gortyna gyulaii and Lenisa wiltshirei). Others are mostly Palaearctic, Mediterranean, Iranian and Irano-Turanian elements. Grassland species of the Apameini are mainly associated with the Temperate region and are univoltine with highest rate of occurrence in May, or in autumn. Most wetland and oases species are multivoltine and occur in oases and riverbeds over the country, though few of the species are extremely localized. The S. ilonae is presently known only from northern area of the Sea of Galilee, while A. deserticola is from oases of the Dead Sea area. -
Distribution and Insecticide Resistance of Pink Stem Borer, Sesamia Inferens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in Taiwan
研究報告 台灣昆蟲 31: 39-50 (2011) Formosan Entomol. 31: 39-50 (2011) Distribution and Insecticide Resistance of Pink Stem Borer, Sesamia inferens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in Taiwan Cheng-Xiang Li, Xuan Cheng, and Shu-Mai Dai* Department of Entomology, National Chung-Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Rd., Taichung City 40227, Taiwan ABSTRACT The pink stem borer, Sesamia inferens (Walker), which was once an important insect pest of sugarcane, has shifted its infestation to rice and has dispersed over all of western Taiwan. It has gradually replaced the striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), and became the predominant pest in the Japonica rice fields of southern and central counties and yet remains a minor pest for Japonica rice fields in northern counties and for the Indica rice fields. Among the insecticides that were used to control C. suppressalis, cartap and permethrin were more effective than chlorpyrifos and carbofuran against Se. inferens. Compared to the Hsinchu susceptible strain, < 3-fold resistance of cartap, chlorpyrifos and carbofuran, 3- to 9-fold resistance of permethrin, and up to 17-fold resistance of spinosad have been found in the field strain of Se. inferens. However, Se. inferens was 25-fold less sensitive to chlorpyrifos than C. suppressalis whcih has developed > 1000-fold resistance to carbofuran. The differential insecticide susceptibility between Se. inferens and C. suppressalis suggests that chlorpyrifos should be avoided in rice paddies with both borers coexistence, carbofuran can only be applied in the areas without or with carbofuran susceptible C. suppressalis, and cartap is still useful for both stem borers in the rice fields of Changhua, Taichung and Miaoli Counties. -
Effect of Food Plants on the Volume of Repellent Secretion Obtained in Adult Zonocerus Variegatus (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae)
Rev. Biol. Trop., 49(2): 679-684, 2001 www.ucr.ac.cr www.ots.ac.cr www.ots.duke.edu Effect of food plants on the volume of repellent secretion obtained in adult Zonocerus variegatus (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) A. Babatunde Idowu and O. A. Idowu Dept of Biological Sciences, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Fax: 234-39-242700; [email protected] Received 18-II-2000. Corrected 10-X-2000. Accepted 10-X-2000. Abstract: The volume of secretion obtained from adult Zonocerus variegatus (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) was influenced by the type of food plants. Insects fed on leaves of cassava Manihot esculenta, bitter leaves Vernonia amygdalina, and a mixture of M. esculenta and Acalypha wilkesiana gave a good volume of secretion while Chromolaena odorata, Elaeis guinensis, Aspilia africana and Citrus sinensis did not favour secretion production. No significant difference was recorded in the volume of secretion obtained from Z. variegatus from the two seasons irrespective of the food plant. Similarly, food plants gave no significant difference on the volume of secretion between the two seasons. Key words: Zonocerus variegatus, secretion, food plants. Zonocerus variegatus (L) (Orthoptera: Pyr- preferences. However, preference does not gomorphidae) has a repellent gland which is si- necessarily reflect survival. Bernays et al. (1975) tuated in the 1st and 2nd abdominal segments. It and Tamu (1990) have shown that not all the is present in all instars (Idowu 1995). The gland food plants eaten by Z. variegatus are adequate stores secretion in its lumen (reservoir) and dis- for survival and development. Its food plants charge of the secretion following any disturbance include wild plants and cultivated plants is a function of the size and volume of the gland (Chapman et al.