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Causes and Effect of Several Typical Natural Disasters in China

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Causes and Effect of Several Typical Natural Disasters in China 2017 International Conference on Arts and Design, Education and Social Sciences (ADESS 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-511-7 Causes and Effect of Several Typical Natural Disasters in China YUFENG WEI ABSTRACT In the context of climate changing, natural disaster like mud flow, wind, flood and other typical natural disasters occur frequently and cause serious losses to society, which has aroused wide-spread concern in the international community. The study of the causes and effects of natural disasters not only plays an important part of pilot that can help the researchers understand the impact of climate change, but also is a strong demand of human to mitigate the risks of natural disasters, thus protecting people and state property and maintaining social stability. This paper provides detailed data and information about natural disasters in China and analyzes the trend of the disasters. Meanwhile, this paper details the causes of several typical natural disasters and their changing trends in recent years. By summarizing the death toll, economic losses and the affected population of important data that reflect the impact of natural disasters, we review and comment on several typical natural disasters in China from 2000 to 2017. INTRODUCTION There are a great variety of natural disasters in China. Among them, floods, windstorms and mudslides, with their huge kinetic energy, have caused varying degrees of damage to houses, roads, railways, farmland and trees, and have brought huge losses to lives, state property and the production of workers and peasants. Fig.1 and Fig.2 respectively show the distributions of typical natural disasters quantity (mud flow, wind disaster and flood disaster) and the composition of the disasters from 2000 to 2017. From the figures, it can be seen that the trend of the wind and flood disaster are in a consistent condition while the frequency of the mud flow fluctuates obviously. However, the total number of occurrences of these kinds of disasters is still increasing year by year except the number in the year 2017, which may because the data is incomplete. The causes and effect of flood disaster, wind disaster and mud flow will be analysed in the following sections. _________________________________________ Yufeng Wei, [email protected], School of mechanics and electricity, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China 835 Figure 1. The frequency of occurrences of the natural disasters from 2000 to 2017. Figure 2. The composition of the disasters happened from 2000 to 2017 (a) Collapsed House (b) Economic Loss (c) Death Toll (d) Affected Population. 836 THE INTRODUCTION OF THE DISASTERS Flood disaster The flood is a phenomenon that the water flows from the normal water level of a river or other water bodies, or the phenomenon that the water accumulates in areas that are not flooded under normal conditions [1]. Among the 15 major natural disasters announced and focused by the United Nations, flood disaster is one of the most concentrated, affected and the most disastrous disasters [2]. The losses caused by the flood disaster accounts for one-fifth of those caused by worldwide natural disasters [3] In China, flood disasters also occur frequently. Since 2000, according to the statistics (see Table 1), floods in China have occurred 514 times, with a total of 1345 deaths, 3074 injuries and 440,000 houses destroyed, affecting 1.2 billion people and losing 409.734 billion dollars. Statistics show that during the year 2000-2017, catastrophic flood occurs almost every year in China, which has killed at least 30 people and caused hundreds of millions of dollars in losses. In June 2002, 12 cities and prefectures in Sichuan Province suffered from floods, causing 62 deaths and 7 missing persons, resulting in direct economic losses of 0.34 billion dollars. In September 2003, floods hit Shanxi Province, causing 220,000 houses collapsed and 253,000 houses damaged, resulting in a direct economic loss of 0.46 billion dollars. In July 2004, Huaihua and other 9 cities in Hunan Province were subjected to the disaster, causing 2.6773 million people to suffer a disaster and 2 people to die, with a direct economic loss of 0.17 billion dollars. In June 2005, 32 people were killed and 32 were missing in northern and central Guangxi Province. 35,000 houses have collapsed with a direct economic loss which was 0.59 billion dollars. In May 2006, Chongqing city flashed floods which caused triggered landslides, debris flows and other geological disasters. 1,221,000 people were killed in 9 districts and counties (cities), 927 houses were destroyed, and 9553 houses were damaged, with a direct economic loss of 0.19 billion dollars. Also in 2006, an extraordinary flood disaster hit Fujian in June. In six stricken cities, Longyan, Sanming, Quanzhou, Ningde, Fuzhou and Nanping, there were 25 people killed and 9,300 houses collapsed, accompanied with a direct loss of more than 0.46 billion dollars and. In 2007, the flash flood caused landslides and debris flow in Shaanxi Province, killing 26 people and causing a direct loss of 1 billion dollars as a result of the disaster. In August 2008, 5.4934 million people in 46 cities, counties and districts of Guangxi Province near China-Vietnam boarder suffered from floods with a direct economic losses of 0.38 billion dollars. In July 2009, Guangxi, Jiangxi and other 12 provinces and municipalities were affected from the disaster and 75 people died and a direct economic loss is of 1.9 billion dollars due to the disaster. Floods hit Hainan Province in 2010, causing 129.5 people in 15 cities (counties) including Haikou, Wenchang and Qionghai to suffer a direct economic loss of 2.32 billion dollars. In 2011, the city Lianyungang which located in Jiangsu Province suffered severe flood disaster. The affected population reached 1,593,000 and the economic loss was 0.07 billion dollars. In 2012, a flood occurred in Xide County located in Sichuan Province, causing great economical losses. In 2013, 290,000 people by 7 cities such as Tianshui and Longnan in Gansu Province were affected, with an economic loss of 0.087 billion dollars. In 2014, Hebei and Henan Province suffered super floods with economic losses of 0.0023 billion dollars. In 2016, floods in Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan and other places caused 1.2 billion dollars loss. 837 TABLE 1. THE EFFECTS OF FLOOD DISASTERS FROM 2000 TO 2017. Affected Injury Death Economic Loss Collapsed Year Population Times Toll Toll (million $) House (million) 2000 2 288 0 - 8 0 2001 5 41 0.2400 153.86 11 0 2002 138 141 3.804 617.47 27 5,025 2003 73 77 4.643 728.28 8 220,000 2004 26 161 15.786 704.62 20 2,966 2005 100 376 9.399 3,419.30 34 178,000 2006 164 219 23.963 4,400.86 46 37,038 2007 436 406 7.013 3,013.14 34 4,345 2008 6 146 27.586 1,436.60 38 0 2009 33 114 5.797 2,488.55 12 0 2010 0 0 1.306 247.80 6 0 2011 35 41 6.729 1,643.60 19 100 2012 23 76 6.428 748.62 37 1,700 2013 61 294 1,084.676 626.32 45 0 2014 45 219 4.698 168.19 48 0 2015 27 96 3.686 566.99 47 0 2016 171 378 34.543 20,002.41 69 0 2017 0 1 0.207 16.14 5 15 Total 1,345 3,074 1,240.509 40,982.74 514 449,189 Wind disaster Wind disaster is a kind of catastrophic weather phenomenon which mainly includes tornadoes and typhoons (including tropical storm, tropical storm, typhoon, strong typhoon and super typhoon) There into the tornado is a kind of intense vortex in a small scale. It is fierce and destructive with thunderstorms, hail and heavy rainfall in addition to the great gusts and pressure changes. Therefore, it should be taken seriously in disaster prevention and relief work. The formation of tornado should have a suitable environmental flow field, such as rising and sinking airflow and vertical wind shear. Its appearance and strength are closely related to terrain and ground conditions. Globally, China is an area with less tornado formation. However, most parts of southern China have flat terrain, high temperature and high humidity in summer or autumn which provide favorable background conditions for the development of convective weather and the emergence of tornadoes. Tornado also occurred more than a thousand times in 2000-2017. As a result, this article has included tornadoes in the statistics of natural disasters in China. Typhoon, belonging to the category of tropical cyclones, is a cyclonic vortex that occurs in tropical or subtropical seas [4]. China is one of the few countries which are hit hardest by the typhoon in the world. An average of about 7 typhoons appear in China each year. Typhoons may occur in coastal provinces such as Hainan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Taiwan, Fujian, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hebei, Tianjin 838 and Liaoning provinces (cities and autonomous regions), their impact may even extend to inland areas. In summer and autumn, typhoons and tornados are the most important and disastrous weather phenomenon along the southeastern coast of China, giving rise to the worries of people about personal security and tremendous damage to state property. According to statistics (see Table 2), typhoons and tornadoes occurred 579 times in 2000-2017, killing 1,781 people, injuring 6,264 people. Meanwhile, 23 million people were affected during this period, resulting in economic losses of 40.7 billion dollars. 32 tornadoes or typhoons take shape in China each year on average, 9 people die in typhoon disaster each year and state property of 19.13 billion dollars is lost.
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