DOCSLIB.ORG

European Hake

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
European Hake European market observatory for fisheries and aquaculture products SPECIES PROFILE: EUROPEAN HAKE EUROPEAN HAKE (MERLUCCIUS MERLUCCIUS) BIOLOGY AND HABITAT • Species description (Read more) The European hake is a slim bodied fish of the genus Merluccius, with a large head and large jaws on which are set a number of large curved teeth. • Geographical distribution and habitat (Read more) The European hake lives in the North-East Atlantic, Eastern-Central Atlantic, and can also be found in the Mediterranean and Black Sea. RESOURCE, EXPLOITATION AND MANAGEMENT • Stocks and resource status/conservation measures (Read more) Minimum conservation size is set at 30 cm in Skagerrak and Kattegat, 20 cm in the Mediterranean Sea, and 27 cm in all the other fishing areas. • Production methods and fishing gears (Read more) The main fishing gears used are gillnets and similar nets, hooks and lines, and trawls. Source : Information system on commercial designations European market observatory for fisheries and aquaculture products SPECIES PROFILE European hake CATCHES • The share of hake in the global catches is 0,13% (FAO, 2018). • During the last decade (2009 to 2018), catches have significantly increased at both global and EU levels (respectively by 31% and 29%). In 2018, France, Spain and the United Kingdom were the main producers. Together, they produced 70% of the global catches of hake in 2018). Evolution of world catches Others Morocco Italy United Kingdom Spain France 27 Catches (2018, 1.000 tonnes) 24 24 22 7 6 23 1 1 11 8 8 1 21 7 9 6 EU-28 19 9 14 15 7 16 16 16 13 6 4 5 11 13 Morocco 6 4 5 6 10 10 9 13 12 9 40 Norway 8 8 36 39 1.000 tonnes 8 7 35 34 30 Tunisia 30 30 32 33 Albania 41 44 45 45 110 32 40 Others 20 21 26 27 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source: FAO Evolution of EU catches • In 2018, the EU provided 89% of the global hake catches. Italy United Kingdom Others Spain France 8 8 Catches (2018, 1.000 tonnes) 9 14 15 7 9 4 3 13 13 4 France 10 11 17 16 5 15 Spain 13 12 10 9 9 13 16 8 8 7 8 15 United Kingdom 13 40 39 7 40 13 13 12 35 36 34 Italy 1.000 1.000 tonnes 30 30 30 13 32 33 Others 41 44 45 45 40 Denmark 26 27 32 20 21 34 Greece 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Ireland Source: FAO European market observatory for fisheries and aquaculture products SPECIES PROFILE European hake AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION • There is no aquaculture production of hake in the EU. PROCESSING • There is no significant processing activity of hake in the EU. The Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries indicates the existence of frozen industry in Portugal and Spain and filleting activity in Portugal and Slovenia (Source: The Economic Performance of the EU fish Processing Industry, STECF, 2018). European market observatory for fisheries and aquaculture products SPECIES PROFILE European hake TRADE • Combined nomenclature (Read more) EU trade of European hake products (tonnes - 2019) There are no specific trade codes related to the European hake. Data provided in the table below refer to fish categories that include European hake. EU imports EU exports CN code Product 3.213 0 03 02 54 15 Fresh or chilled southern hake "Merluccius australis" fresh or chilled hake "merluccius spp." (excl. cape hake, 03 02 54 19 3.247 1.758 deepwater hake and southern hake) 03 02 54 90 Fresh or chilled hake "Urophycis spp." 6 5 Frozen Cape hake "Merluccius capensis" and deepwater hake 03 03 66 11 17.087 94 "Merluccius paradoxus" 03 03 66 12 Frozen Argentine hake "Merluccius hubbsi" 14.948 34.852 03 03 66 13 Frozen southern hake "Merluccius australis" 5.325 40 03 03 66 19 frozen hake "merluccius spp." (excl. cape hake, deepwater 7.235 2.057 hake, argentine hake and southern hake) 03 03 66 90 Frozen hake "Urophycis spp." 8 65 Frozen fillets of Cape hake "Merluccius capensis" and 03 04 74 11 70.430 300 deepwater hake "Merluccius paradoxus" 03 04 74 15 Frozen fillets of Argentine hake "Merluccius hubbsi" 24.203 251 03 04 74 19 frozen fillets of hake "merluccius spp." (excl. cape hake, 33.953 208 deepwater hake and argentine hake) 03 04 95 50 frozen meat, whether or not minced, of hake "merluccius spp." 12.567 12 (excl. fillets and surimi) 16 04 19 94 Hake "merluccius spp., urophycis spp.", prepared or preserved, 991 463 whole or in pieces (excl. finely minced and fillets, raw, merely coated with batter or breadcrumbs, whether or not pre-fried in oil, frozen) Source: EUROSTAT-COMEXT European market observatory for fisheries and aquaculture products SPECIES PROFILE European hake TRADE • Combined nomenclature (Read more) EU trade of European hake products (tonnes - 2019) Extra-EU imports: Imports from non-EU countries concern mainly frozen hake (whole, in fillets and meat). Main Extra-EU suppliers are: - for frozen hake (whole): South Africa (12.480 tonnes in 2019), Falkland Islands (5.527 tonnes) and Argentina (4.676 tonnes), - for frozen meat (excluding fillets): Namibia (4.865 tonnes), Argentina (2.507 tonnes) and USA (2.265 tonnes), - for frozen fillets of hake: Namibia (52.764 tonnes), USA (21.164 tonnes) and South Africa (17.670 tonnes). Extra-EU exports Extra-EU exports mainly concern frozen whole hake. In 2019, they represented 93% of extra-EU hake exports. Main destinations are: Ukraine (14.992 tonnes), Serbia (4.211 tonnes) and Jordan (2.662 tonnes). Source: EUROSTAT-COMEXT European market observatory for fisheries and aquaculture products SPECIES PROFILE European hake Supply balance EU supply balance (20181) – Tonnes of live weight equivalent2 - Hake: Production data concern the European hake while trade data include other species of hake. Import Production 366.890 tonnes 110.048 tonnes Supply Export 476.938 tonnes 43.524 tonnes Apparent consumption 433.414 tonnes Source: FAO/ EUROSTAT-COMEXT 1 Supply balance is provided for the year 2018 (trade data for 2018 were taken into account). Detailed trade data provided in the slide 4 concern the year 2019. 2 The conversion factors were used to convert net weight of imports and exports of fishery and aquaculture products into live weight equivalents. European market observatory for fisheries and aquaculture products SPECIES PROFILE European hake PRICES ALONG THE SUPPLY CHAIN (EUR/kg) First-sale (fresh) First-sale prices are provided for France, Spain and Denmark, which are among the main EU producers. 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Source France 2,46 2,51 2,42 2,45 2,31 2,68 2,57 2,63 2,9 2,95 EUMOFA Spain n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 3,99 9,91 4,18 4,22 4,06 EUMOFA UK 1,98 2,21 2,47 2,47 2,94 3,03 2,90 2,81 2,44 2,72 EUMOFA Wholesale (fresh) Wholesale prices are provided for the main wholesale markets in France and Spain. Average price (FR) / 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Source Most frequent price (ES) France (Paris) 5,14 4,49 4,6 5,35 4,81 6,54 7,5 9,93 Rungis-RNM Spain (Madrid) 10,59 8,85 8,39 8,39 7,98 8,16 8,82 11,01 Mercamadrid Retail/consumption Retail prices are provided for France, Spain and Italy, the major EU consumers of hake. 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Source France (whole) 8,22 9,11 10,19 9,91 10 10,55 11,61 10,65 10,67 10,48 EUMOFA Spain (gutted) 12,55 11,8 11,92 12,02 11,94 12,05 12,15 12,15 13,42 n.a. EUMOFA Italy (whole) 10,16 10,1 10,43 12,11 12,3 12,76 9,47 9,92 10,21 10,23 EUMOFA Import (frozen fillets) Extra-EU imports concern mainly frozen fillets. In 2019, main importers were Spain, Italy and Germany. 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Source Spain 2,87 3,12 3,21 3,15 3,22 3,46 3,50 3,63 3,74 3,79 EUMOFA Italy 3,36 3,54 3,74 3,77 3,65 4,04 4,05 4,14 3,98 4,18 EUMOFA Germany 2,24 2,25 2,47 2,45 2,26 2,51 3,00 3,02 2,82 3,08 EUMOFA Export (frozen whole) Extra-EU exports concern mainly frozen whole hake. In 2019, main exporters were Spain, Portugal and Italy. 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Source Spain 2,52 2,60 2,62 2,28 2,35 2,84 2,83 2,52 2,55 2,47 EUMOFA Portugal 2,02 2,16 2,32 2,32 2,48 2,65 2,78 2,67 2,58 2,79 EUMOFA Italy 1,74 1,87 2,01 1,82 1,90 1,93 1,91 2,00 2,13 2,25 EUMOFA European market observatory for fisheries and aquaculture products SPECIES PROFILE European hake MARKETING ASPECTS • Commercial designations in all EU official languages (Read more) • Common marketing standards (Read more) CONSUMPTION • th Hake is the 8 most consumed fish in the EU. Nutritional value Hake Kilo calorie (kcal) 78 • Apparent consumption per capita in 2018: 1 Kilojoule (kJ) 326 kg live weight equivalent (source: The EU Fish Protein (g) 17,5 Market – 2020 edition, EUMOFA) Total lipid (g) 0,88 Carbohydrates (g) 0 • Nutritional value (European hake, Atlantic, cut Calcium (mg) 44 from whole fish, values per 100 g – source : Iron (mg) 0,95 USDA) Sodium (mg) 100 Cholesterol (mg) 20.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Little Fish, Big Impact: Managing a Crucial Link in Ocean Food Webs
    little fish BIG IMPACT Managing a crucial link in ocean food webs A report from the Lenfest Forage Fish Task Force The Lenfest Ocean Program invests in scientific research on the environmental, economic, and social impacts of fishing, fisheries management, and aquaculture. Supported research projects result in peer-reviewed publications in leading scientific journals. The Program works with the scientists to ensure that research results are delivered effectively to decision makers and the public, who can take action based on the findings. The program was established in 2004 by the Lenfest Foundation and is managed by the Pew Charitable Trusts (www.lenfestocean.org, Twitter handle: @LenfestOcean). The Institute for Ocean Conservation Science (IOCS) is part of the Stony Brook University School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences. It is dedicated to advancing ocean conservation through science. IOCS conducts world-class scientific research that increases knowledge about critical threats to oceans and their inhabitants, provides the foundation for smarter ocean policy, and establishes new frameworks for improved ocean conservation. Suggested citation: Pikitch, E., Boersma, P.D., Boyd, I.L., Conover, D.O., Cury, P., Essington, T., Heppell, S.S., Houde, E.D., Mangel, M., Pauly, D., Plagányi, É., Sainsbury, K., and Steneck, R.S. 2012. Little Fish, Big Impact: Managing a Crucial Link in Ocean Food Webs. Lenfest Ocean Program. Washington, DC. 108 pp. Cover photo illustration: shoal of forage fish (center), surrounded by (clockwise from top), humpback whale, Cape gannet, Steller sea lions, Atlantic puffins, sardines and black-legged kittiwake. Credits Cover (center) and title page: © Jason Pickering/SeaPics.com Banner, pages ii–1: © Brandon Cole Design: Janin/Cliff Design Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Horse Mackerel, Blue Whiting, and Hake Catch Data from Portuguese Surveys (1989–1999) Using an Integrated GLM Approach
    Aquat. Living Resour. 20, 105–116 (2007) Aquatic c EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD 2007 DOI: 10.1051/alr:2007021 Living www.alr-journal.org Resources Analysis of horse mackerel, blue whiting, and hake catch data from Portuguese surveys (1989–1999) using an integrated GLM approach Pedro Sousa1a, Ricardo T. Lemos2, Manuel C. Gomes3 and Manuela Azevedo1 1 DRM, IPIMAR, Portuguese Institute for Fisheries and Sea Research, Av. de Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal 2 IO, Faculty of Sciences, Univ. Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, and MARETEC, Technical Institute, Technical Univ. Lisbon, 1000-201 Lisbon, Portugal 3 DBV, Faculty of Sciences, Univ. Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal Received 21 June 2006; Accepted 10 May 2007 Abstract – Catch rates (kg hour−1) of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) and hake (Merluccius merluccius) from a series of 22 groundfish surveys conducted off Portugal between 1989 and 1999 were analysed using integrated logistic and gamma Generalized Linear Models (GLM). This methodology deals with the large amount of zeros in survey data matrices by modelling the probability of catch and the amount of positive catch separately, and then integrating the two sub-models into a single catch rate model of abundance. Among the explanatory variables included in the models, the geographic areas occupied by fish assemblages, i.e., groups of persistent co- occurring species, explained most of the variability observed for horse mackerel and blue whiting, while depth was the most important factor for hake. Because of hake’s ubiquity on the Portuguese margin, models for this species were less parsimonious and explained a lower proportion of total variability compared with the other species.
    [Show full text]
  • Argentine Hake (Southern Stock) Fishery Improvement Project Archive Date: March 2014
    Argentine Hake (southern stock) Fishery Improvement Project Archive Date: March 2014 The Argentine Hake FIP was transitioned from SFP to CeDePesca in March 2014; the following FIP report reflects the status of the FIP at the time of transition. The project was later reclassified as a CeDePesca Improvement Project (CIP) because it did not meet the criteria for a basic FIP. The current CIP public report can be found on CeDePesca’s website, here. Species: Argentine Hake (Merluccius hubbsi) FIP Scope/Scale: Fishery level Fishery Location: For map see: Argentine hake - southern stock FIP Participants: CeDePesca Sustainability Information: See Summary tab at: Argentine hake - southern stock Date Publicly Announced: 2009 FIP Stage: 4, FIP is delivering improvement in policies and practices Current Improvement Recommendations: • Implement a recovery plan • Improve transparency on records • Improve the robustness of Argentina’s fisheries science • Increase reproductive biomass above limit reference point (including reducing bycatch). Background: Argentine hake is a bottom-trawling fishery, which produces around 200,000 tonnes, making it one of the most important hake fisheries in the world. It is an export-oriented fishery, with primary markets in Brazil (23%), Spain (13%), Italy (11%), the US (6%), and Ukraine (6%) (see annual Fisheries Export reports here). In 2007, when the FIP began scoping, the fishery faced significant problems: • Stock was below its biological limit and spawning stock biomass was under the target reference point • The actual catch was over the advised total allowable catch (TAC) • Catchers were landing more juveniles than adults and refused to use devices that would let juveniles escape the trawl nets • Bycatch of juvenile hake by the Argentine shrimp fishery resulted in 30,000 to 40,0000 tonnes of discard each year • There was neither a recovery plan in place to deal with these issues nor any effective monitoring and enforcement of regulations.
    [Show full text]
  • Stock Assessment Form Demersal Species HAKE – GSA 7
    Stock Assessment Form Demersal Species HAKE – GSA 7 Reference Year: 1998 – 2017 Reporting Year: 2018 1 Stock Assessment Form version 1.0 (November 2018) Uploader: Grégoire Certain*, Angélique Jadaud*, Beatriz Guijarro**, Norbert Billet*, Enric Massutí* * IFREMER, 1 rue Jean Monnet, BP 171, 34203 Sète (France); **IEO- Centre Oceanogràfic de les Balears; Moll de Ponent s/n; 07015 Palma de Mallorca (Spain) 1 Basic Identification Data ................................................................................................. 3 2 Stock Identification and biological information ................................................................ 4 2.1Stock unit ........................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Growth and maturity ......................................................................................................... 4 3 Fisheries Information ...................................................................................................... 7 3.1 Description of the fleet ...................................................................................................... 7 4 Management Regulations ............................................................................................. 11 4.1 French trawlers ............................................................................................................... 11 4.1.1 Temporal bans depending on years……………………………………………….11 4.1.2 Biological ban .................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Trophic Ecology of the European Hake in the Gulf of Lions, Northwestern
    Trophic ecology of the European hake in the Gulf of Lions, northwestern Mediterranean Sea Capucine Mellon-Duval, Mireille Harmelin-Vivien, Luisa Métral, Véronique Loizeau, Serge Mortreux, David Roos, Jean Marc Fromentin To cite this version: Capucine Mellon-Duval, Mireille Harmelin-Vivien, Luisa Métral, Véronique Loizeau, Serge Mortreux, et al.. Trophic ecology of the European hake in the Gulf of Lions, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Scientia Marina, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2017, 81 (1), pp.7 - 18. 10.3989/sci- mar.04356.01A. hal-01621973 HAL Id: hal-01621973 https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01621973 Submitted on 3 Jul 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. FEATURED ARTICLE SCIENTIA MARINA 81(1) March 2017, 7-18, Barcelona (Spain) ISSN-L: 0214-8358 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04356.01A Trophic ecology of the European hake in the Gulf of Lions, northwestern Mediterranean Sea Capucine Mellon-Duval 1, Mireille Harmelin-Vivien 2, Luisa Métral 1, Véronique Loizeau 3, Serge Mortreux 1, David Roos 4, Jean-Marc Fromentin 1 1 Ifremer, UMR MARBEC, Station Ifremer de Sète, Avenue Jean Monnet, CS 30171, 34203 Sète Cedex, France.
    [Show full text]
  • How Overfishing Impacts You 3 Corey Arnold
    If the EU relied solely on wild-caught fish from European “It’s fish, Captain, but not as we know it!” waters ... the supply would run out by early July HOW OVERFISHING IMPACTS YOU 3 COREY ARNOLD OCEAN2012 is an alliance of organisations dedicated to stopping overfishing, ending destructive fishing practices and delivering fair and equitable use of healthy fish stocks. OCEAN2012 was initiated, and is co-ordinated, by the Pew Environment Group, the conservation arm of The Pew Charitable Trusts, a non- governmental organisation working to end overfishing in the world´s oceans. The steering group of OCEAN2012 consists of the Coalition for Fair Fisheries Arrangements, Ecologistas en Acción, The Fisheries Secretariat, nef (new economics foundation), the Pew Environment Group and Seas At Risk. www.ocean2012.eu This briefing published by OCEAN2012 exposes how overfishing impacts on the quality of fish people in Europe are eating. It is part of a series of briefings illustrating the impacts of overfishing on people or marine ecosystems caused by the excess removal of millions of tonnes of marine life every year. A great fraud is being committed on an unsuspecting public in some EU member states: fish is being mislabelled and passed off as more expensive or even sustainably caught species. Why is this happening? Our demand for seafood is growing just as the availability of locally caught fish is declining because of overfishing. So the EU needs to import more and more fish, and these cheaper fish are flooding European markets – and often sold to us fraudulently. Do you know what you’re eating? Did you know that 28 percent of all cod sold in Ireland is fake? Mislabelled pollack, saithe and whiting is passed off as cod – breading, smoking or battering the fillets disguises how the imposters look, smell and taste.
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of Beam Position and Swimming Direction on Fish Target
    226 The influence of beam position and swimming direction on fish target strength M. J. Henderson, J. K. Horne, and R. H. Towler Henderson, M. J., Horne, J. K., and Towler, R. H. 2007. The influence of beam position and swimming direction on fish target strength. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 226–237. Fish orientation is consistently identified as a major influence on fish target strength (TS). Generally, orientation is defined as the tilt angle of the fish with respect to the acoustic transducer, whereas a more accurate definition includes tilt, roll, and yaw. Thus far, the influences of roll and yaw on fish TS have only been examined cursorily. We used in situ single-target data to create fish tracks, to estimate fish tilt and yaw, and correlated these estimates with TS. The results show that tilt, yaw, and beam position have a significant influence on fish TS. To investigate further how yaw and beam position affect TS, we calculated the expected backscatter from each fish within simulated fish aggregations using a backscatter model. The TS of individual fish at 38 and 120 kHz varied by as much as 11 and 19 dB with changes in yaw and beam position. Altering the fish’s tilt, yaw, and beam position resulted in TS differences of 14 and 26 dB at 38 and 120 kHz, respectively. Orientation had a minimal influence on an aggregation’s average TS if the aggregation had a variable tilt-angle distribution and was dispersed throughout the acoustic beam. Keywords: beam position, orientation, target strength, target tracking, yaw.
    [Show full text]
  • White Hake U.S. Atlantic
    White Hake Urophycis tenuis ©B. Guild Gillespie/www.chartingnature.com U.S. Atlantic Bottom Gillnet, Bottom Trawl November 19, 2013 Sam Wilding, Seafood Watch Staff Disclaimer Seafood Watch® strives to ensure all our Seafood Reports and the recommendations contained therein are accurate and reflect the most up‐to‐date evidence available at time of publication. All our reports are peer‐ reviewed for accuracy and completeness by external scientists with expertise in ecology, fisheries science or aquaculture. Scientific review, however, does not constitute an endorsement of the Seafood Watch program or its recommendations on the part of the reviewing scientists. Seafood Watch is solely responsible for the conclusions reached in this report. We always welcome additional or updated data that can be used for the next revision. Seafood Watch and Seafood Reports are made possible through a grant from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. 2 Final Seafood Recommendation Stock / Fishery Impacts on Impacts on Management Habitat and Overall the Stock Other Spp. Ecosystem Recommendation White hake Green (3.83) Red (1.27) Yellow (3.00) Yellow (2.60) Good Alternative United States Northwest (2.483) Atlantic–Large‐Mesh Bottom Trawl White hake Green (3.83) Red (1.34) Yellow (3.00) Yellow (3.12) Good Alternative United States Northwest (2.635) Atlantic–Large‐Mesh Bottom Gillnet White hake Green (3.83) Red (1.34) Yellow (3.00) Yellow (3.12) Good Alternative United States Northwest (2.635) Atlantic–Longline, Bottom Scoring note – Scores range from zero to five where zero indicates very poor performance and five indicates the fishing operations have no significant impact.
    [Show full text]
  • White Hake (Urophycis Tenuis) in the Gulf of Maine: Population Structure Insights from the 1920S
    G Model FISH-3271; No. of Pages 10 ARTICLE IN PRESS Fisheries Research xxx (2011) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Fisheries Research jou rnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/fishres White hake (Urophycis tenuis) in the Gulf of Maine: Population structure insights from the 1920s ∗ Edward P. Ames Penobscot East Resource Center, PO Box 217, Stonington, ME 04681, United States a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: White hake (Urophycis tenuis) provides an important fishery in the Gulf of Maine (GOM) that is currently Received 2 December 2010 depleted. Even though several year classes are present, there is little evidence of white hake reproduction Received in revised form 11 August 2011 occurring along the northern coastal shelf. Based on survey indices of early life history stages, researchers Accepted 12 August 2011 concluded that they reproduced at one of the two population centers located either from the Scotian Shelf area in eastern GOM or from the Georges Bank-Mid Atlantic Bight area. White hake have been absent from Keywords: large areas of the GOM for more than 15 years and this suggests substantive changes may have occurred Historical white hake in their distribution since the 1920s. Various factors may have contributed to this observation, including Stock structure Reproduction the loss of spawning aggregations. This study examined the historical population structure of white hake in the Gulf during the 1920s, a period when stocks were more abundant. Their seasonal distribution, Gulf of Maine Fishermen’s ecological knowledge movement patterns and the behavior of individual population components were derived from relevant scientific literature and surveys of fishermen gathered during the period.
    [Show full text]
  • Fish Stocks United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
    General situation of world fish stocks United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Contents: 1. Definitions 2. Snapshot of the global situation 3. Short list of "depleted" fish stocks 4. Global list of fish stocks ranked as either "overexploited," "depleted," or recovering by region 1. Definitions Underexploited Undeveloped or new fishery. Believed to have a significant potential for expansion in total production; Moderately exploited Exploited with a low level of fishing effort. Believed to have some limited potential for expansion in total production; Fully exploited The fishery is operating at or close to an optimal yield level, with no expected room for further expansion; Overexploited The fishery is being exploited at above a level which is believed to be sustainable in the long term, with no potential room for further expansion and a higher risk of stock depletion/collapse; Depleted Catches are well below historical levels, irrespective of the amount of fishing effort exerted; Recovering Catches are again increasing after having been depleted 2. Snapshot of the global situation Of the 600 marine fish stocks monitored by FAO: 3% are underexploited 20% are moderately exploited 52% are fully exploited 17% are overexploited 7% are depleted 1% are recovering from depletion Map of world fishing statistical areas monitored by FAO Source: FAO's report "Review of the State of World Marine Fisheries Resources", tables D1-D17, ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/007/y5852e/Y5852E23.pdf 3. Fish stocks identified by FAO as falling into its
    [Show full text]
  • An Assessment of White Hake (Urophycis Tenuis, Mitchill 1815) in NAFO Divisions 3N, 3O, and Subdivision 3Ps
    NOT TO BE CITED WITHOUT PRIOR REFERENCE TO THE AUTHOR(S) Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization Serial No. N6688 NAFO SCR Doc. 17-033REV SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL MEETING – JUNE 2017 An Assessment of White Hake (Urophycis tenuis, Mitchill 1815) in NAFO Divisions 3N, 3O, and Subdivision 3Ps M.R. Simpson and C.M. Miri Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada P.O. Box 5667 St. John’s, NL, Canada A1C 5X1 ABSTRACT White Hake in NAFO Divisions 3NO and Subdivision 3Ps inhabit the southern Grand Bank and St. Pierre Bank of Newfoundland and Labrador. The spring survey index for Div. 3NOPs peaked in 2000, due to a very large 1999 year-class. Annual landings, which were at low levels in 1995-2001 (422-t average), increased to 6 718 tons in 2002 and 4 823 tons in 2003, following recruitment of the very large 1999 year-class. Since 2004, the stock has remained at a level of abundance similar to that observed in the mid1990s. In 2002-2016, the population has exhibited little recruitment; as indicated by staged abundance analysis. Increases in White Hake spawner biomass in Div. 3NOPs will require a number of large year-classes that survive to maturity. INTRODUCTION White Hake (Urophycis tenuis, Mitchill 1815) is a highly fecund gadoid species distributed in the Northwest Atlantic from Cape Hatteras to southern Labrador. Present knowledge of its biology for the Grand Banks has been summarized in previous stock assessments of this species (Han and Kulka 2007, Simpson et al. 2012, Simpson and Miri 2013, Simpson et al. 2015). Formerly one of the commercially important species in the Southern Gulf of St.
    [Show full text]
  • Merluccius Hubbsi) North of 48°S (Southwest Atlantic Ocean)
    P.O.BOX 1390 SKULAGATA 4 121 REYKJAVIK, ICELAND FINAL PROJECTS 1999 MANAGEMENT OF THE ARGENTINE HAKE María Eugenia Cauhépé, Argentine Supervisor: Professor Ragnar Arnason ABSTRACT Before the Federal Fishing Law was established, there was little political support for an adequate fisheries management regime. Over-investment in fishing capital and excessive effort dissipated the economic rents of the Argentine hake fishery. As a result the resource has been overexploited in recent years and in danger of collapse. The purpose of this project is to propose a rationalization of the Argentine hake fishery in order to increase its economic efficiency and contribute to the recovery and conservation of the hake stock. A bio-economic model to study economically efficient management of the hake fishery in Argentina is developed. The project identifies the optimal sustainable position for the fishery, designs a reasonable efficient dynamic path towards the optimal sustainable point and finally makes some recommendations to improve the fisheries management system. Cauhépé TABLE OF CONTENT 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................4 2 THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS ........................................................4 3 THE FISHING SECTOR IN THE ARGENTINE ECONOMY ......................6 3.1 The industry ............................................................................................................................8 3.2 Markets....................................................................................................................................9
    [Show full text]