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Internet Filtering: the Politics and Mechanisms of Control
2 Internet Filtering: The Politics and Mechanisms of Control Jonathan Zittrain and John Palfrey It seems hard to believe that a free, online encyclopedia that anyone can edit at any time could matter much to anyone. But just as a bee can fly despite its awkward physiognomy, Wikipedia has become wildly popular and enormously influential despite its unusual format. The topics that Wikipedians write about range more broadly than any other encyclopedia known to humankind. It has more than 4.6 million articles comprising more than a billion words in two hundred languages.1 Many Google search queries will lead to a Wikipedia page among the top search results. Articles in Wikipedia cover the Tiananmen Square pro- tests of 1989, the Dalai Lama, the International Tibet Independence Movement, and the Tai- wan independence movement. Appearing both in the English and the Chinese language versions of Wikipedia—each independently written—these articles have been written to speak from what Wikipedia calls a ‘‘neutral point of view.’’2 The Wikipedians’ point of view on some topics probably does not seem so neutral to the Chinese authorities. Wikipedia has grown so influential, in fact, that it has attracted the attention of China’s cen- sors at least three times between 2004 and 2006.3 The blocking and unblocking of Wikipedia in China—as with all other filtering in China, with- out announcement or acknowledgment—might also be grounded in a fear of the communal, critical process that Wikipedia represents. The purpose of Wikipedia is ‘‘to create and distrib- ute a multilingual free encyclopedia of the highest quality to every single person on the planet in their own language,’’4 and the means of creating it is through engagement of the public at large to contribute what it knows and to debate in earnest where beliefs differ, offering sources and arguments in quasiacademic style. -
Electronic Frontier Foundation November 9, 2018
Before the Department of Commerce National Telecommunications and Information Administration Developing the Administration’s Approach to Consumer Privacy Docket No. 180821780-8780-01 Comments of Electronic Frontier Foundation November 9, 2018 Submitted by: India McKinney Electronic Frontier Foundation 815 Eddy Street San Francisco, CA 94109 USA Telephone: (415) 436-9333 ext. 175 [email protected] For many years, EFF has urged technology companies and legislators to do a better job of protecting the privacy of technology users and other members of the public. We hoped the companies, who have spent the last decade collecting new and increasingly detailed points of information from their customers, would realize the importance of implementing meaningful privacy protections. But this year’s Cambridge Analytica scandal, following on the heels of many others, was the last straw. Corporations are willfully failing to respect the privacy of technology users, and we need new approaches to give them real incentives to do better—and that includes updating our privacy laws. EFF welcomes the opportunity to work with the Department of Commerce in crafting the federal government’s position on consumer privacy. The Request for Comment published in the Federal Register identifies seven main areas of discussion: Transparency, Control, Reasonable Minimization, Security, Access and Correction, Risk Management, and Accountability. These discussion points have been thoroughly analyzed by academics over the past decades, leading to recommendations like the Fair -
2019 Topps Baseball Opening
BASE BASE CARDS 1 Billy Hamilton Kansas City Royals® 2 Kyle Freeland Colorado Rockies™ 3 Justin Verlander Houston Astros® 4 Ryan O'Hearn Kansas City Royals® Rookie 5 Corey Seager Los Angeles Dodgers® 6 Scooter Gennett Cincinnati Reds® 7 Adalberto Mondesi Kansas City Royals® 8 Freddie Freeman Atlanta Braves™ 9 Niko Goodrum Detroit Tigers® 10 Jordan Zimmermann Detroit Tigers® 11 Nicholas Castellanos Detroit Tigers® 12 Zack Greinke Arizona Diamondbacks® 13 Kyle Schwarber Chicago Cubs® 14 Rick Porcello Boston Red Sox® 15 Aaron Judge New York Yankees® 16 Brian Anderson Miami Marlins® 17 Sandy Alcantara Miami Marlins® 18 Kyle Tucker Houston Astros® Rookie 19 Charlie Blackmon Colorado Rockies™ 20 Jon Lester Chicago Cubs® 21 Kenley Jansen Los Angeles Dodgers® 22 Bryce Harper Washington Nationals® 23 Miguel Cabrera Detroit Tigers® 24 Mike Trout Angels® 25 Michael Lorenzen Cincinnati Reds® 26 Zack Godley Arizona Diamondbacks® 27 Raisel Iglesias Cincinnati Reds® 28 Mark Trumbo Baltimore Orioles® 29 David Dahl Colorado Rockies™ 30 Eugenio Suarez Cincinnati Reds® 31 Nolan Arenado Colorado Rockies™ 32 Derek Dietrich Miami Marlins® 33 Mookie Betts Boston Red Sox® 34 Trevor Story Colorado Rockies™ 35 Andrew Benintendi Boston Red Sox® 36 Trevor Bauer Cleveland Indians® 37 Jose Abreu Chicago White Sox® 38 Dansby Swanson Atlanta Braves™ 39 Christian Yelich Milwaukee Brewers™ 40 George Springer Houston Astros® 41 Jose Altuve Houston Astros® 42 Rafael Devers Boston Red Sox® 43 David Price Boston Red Sox® 44 Trey Mancini Baltimore Orioles® 45 Kris Bryant Chicago Cubs® 46 Clayton Kershaw Los Angeles Dodgers® 47 Xander Bogaerts Boston Red Sox® 48 Matt Kemp Los Angeles Dodgers® 49 Willson Contreras Chicago Cubs® 50 Mike Clevinger Cleveland Indians® 51 Ronald Acuña Jr. -
Enormously Affected the City
Pittsburgh History, Summer 1990 mental collapse shortly before Artand Library Committee's ear- Inmany ways the Duquesne Club World War Iuntil his death in lier success, Paintings and Sculp- is, as the authors aver, "a micro- 1941, Idabore the burden ofcar- tureoftheDuquesne Club,byDavid cosm of the social history ofPitts- ing for the family. Thus, itisironic G. Wilkins. It also results from that the spinster found relief from Mark Brown's organization of the Decisions made the pressures of family life only Club's archives, to which he and when she died in1944 at the age the other authors were apparently within the club's of86. givenunlimited access. Since their While Brady's biography cap- efforts inevitably produced three walls have tures the paradoxical nature of distinct writing styles, the com- TarbelPs life experiences, it falls mittee decided to engage the tal- enormously short ofplacing those experiences ents of Robert Alberts as editor. withinthe complexities ofher time, The book is an all-Pittsburgh affected the city. ofexplaining whythat which seems undertaking, the authors being enigmatic about TarbelPs life locals. Brown is a graduate stu- burgh and of the United States" might also express some of the dent, Donnelly is a historical con- (ix).Typical ofPittsburgh and the tensions ofthat period. Neverthe- sultant and Wilkins is the chair- United States? Hardly, but deci- less, Brady provides a thoroughly man of the Fine ArtsDepartment sions made within its walls have insightful narrative ofTarbell, the at the University of Pittsburgh. enormously affected the city and writer,and Tarbell, the woman! Alberts's books on the history of even thenation. -
Concordia Club Sale to Pitt Set to Close This Month PITTSBURGH POST-GAZETTE PITTSBURGH PHOTOS COURTESY of ©
INSIDE African American Council Endowed Scholarship....... 3 Pitt researchers, Large Hadron Collider project... 5 PittNewspaper of the University of PittsburghChronicle Volume X • Number 34 • December 14, 2009 $7.2 Million Grant for Pitt to Develop Microbicides Against HIV/AIDS By Clare Collins The University of Pittsburgh Gradu- “The HIV/AIDS epidemic remains evaluate these microbicides in two formula- women in developing countries, giving them ate School of Public Health (GSPH) has uncontrolled in many regions in the world,” tions—a film delivery system inserted into the power to prevent sexually transmitted received a five-year, $7.2 million grant said principal investigator Phalguni Gupta, the vagina and used for up to seven days, diseases,” Gupta said. from the National Institute of Allergy and professor and assistant chair, Department and a ring deliv- At the fore- Infectious Diseases (NIAID) to develop of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, e r y s y s t e m front of research on microbicides against HIV transmission. The in GSPH. “In developing countries, HIV inser ted on a “The HIV/AIDS epidemic remains microbicides, the grant will allow Pitt to test two is most often spread through monthly or peri- University of Pitts- microbicide formulations—a unprotected heterosexual inter- odic basis. They uncontrolled in many regions in the burgh also leads the film and ring that release the course, creating a great need for also plan to test world. In developing countries, HIV National Institutes active ingredient over time. new ways to prevent transmis- the microbicides of Health-funded Microbicides are sub- sion beyond the condom, whose in the presence is most often spread through Microbicides Trial stances designed to prevent or use is often at the discretion of of other sexually Network (MTN). -
Subject Index
Subject Index Topical headings which are local proper names are found under the generic heading for their service or type. In particular, individuals, hospitals, newspapers, orphanages, synagogues, television and radio stations, and unions are treated in this manner. In a similar fashion, medical and legal specializations are included under the broader headings. A AMERICAN ARBITRATION ASSOCIATION A. LEO WEIL SCHOOL Scheinholtz, Leonard L. Weil, Andrew L. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JEWISH ABORTION EDUCATION (AAJE) Finegold, Wilfred J. Kessler, Aharon Silverblatt, Dr. Rose AMERICAN AUTOMOBILE ASSOCIATION (AAA) ACADEMY FOR LIFELONG LEARNING Scheinholtz, Leonard L. Frumerman, Robert AMERICAN DISCOUNT CORP. ACCOUNTANTS & ACCOUNTING Ruben, Sol H. Raizman, Albert AMERICAN FRIENDS OF HEBREW UNIVERSITY ACLU Shapiro, Belle Litman, Roslyn AMERICAN FRIENDS OF ISRAEL DISABLED ACTING Robinson, Sylvia Roth, Audrey AMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS ACTION TRANSIT ENTERPRISES COMMITTEE Klein, Claire Cohen, Jesse Kessler, Laibe ADVERTISING Arkus, Jane AMERICAN JEWS IN ISRAEL Block, William also see ISRAEL Preisser, Bernice Saul, Joseph Sussman, Milton AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE AFL-CIO Caplan, Louis Fischer, Ben Krause, Corrine A. Shapiro, Belle AGING Strassburger, Eugene, Sr. Frank, Nancy Newman Levinson, Harriet Dorfan AMERICAN JEWISH CONGRESS Sacks, Aaron Wekselman, Martin AIR GALLERY AMERICAN JEWISH PRESS Haskell, Jane Zecher, Albert D. ALCOHOLISM AMERICAN JOINT DISTRIBUTION COMMITTEE Schwartz, Leonard Busis, Sidney Fenvis, Steven ALLEGHENY COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT Kessler, Laibe Brunwasser, Albert Robinson, Donald Robinson, Sylvia ALLEGHENY COUNTY SANITARY AUTHORITY Brunwasser, Albert AMERICAN RED CROSS Blumenthal, Dorothy ALUMINUM Hirsh, Pauline Harrison, Roland Wekselman, Martin 278 Subject Index AMERICAN TECHNION SOCIETY ANTI-SEMITISM Shapiro, Maurice EUROPE Abram, Ruben AMERICAN THERMO PLASTICS Glass, Max Silberman, Freda Rothbart, Jacob Topolsky, Henrietta AMERICAN ZIONIST MOVEMENT Binstock, Doris D. -
ARCHITECTS Allegheny
InARCHITECTS Allegheny The North Side Work of Notable Architects : A Tour and Exploration 17 April 2010 NEIGHBORHOOD BUILDING/SITE YEAR ARCHITECT Central N.S. Russel Boggs House 1888 Longfellow Alden Harlow Allegheny Commons Commons Design 1876 Mitchell & Grant West Park 1964 Simonds and Simonds Allegheny Center St. Peter’s RC Church 1872 Andrew Peebles Allegheny Post Office 1895 William Martin Aiken Children’s Museum 2004 Koning Eizenberg Buhl Planetarium 1938 Ingham, Pratt & Boyd Allegheny Library 1889 Smithmeyer & Pelz IBM Branch Office 1975 Office of Mies /FCL & Assoc. Allegheny East Osterling Studio 1917 F.J. Osterling Sarah Heinz House 1915 R.M. Trimble Schiller School 1939 Marion M. Steen Workingman’s S.B. 1902 James T. Steen JrOUAM Hall Bldg 1890s? F.J. Osterling Latimer School 1898 Frederick C. Sauer Central N.S. Allegheny General 1930 York & Sawyer Garden Theatre 1914 Thomas H. Scott Engine Co. No.3 1877 Bailey and Anglin Orphan Asylum 1838 John Chislett N.S. Unitarian Church 1909 R.M. Trimble N.S. YMCA 1926 R.M. Trimble Allegheny West B.F. Jones, Jr. House 1908 Rutan & Russell J.C. Pontefract House 1886 Longfellow & Alden Calvary M.E. Church 1893 Vrydaugh Shepherd Wolfe Emmanuel P.E. Church 1885 H.H. Richardson Manchester Union M.E. Church 1866 Barr & Moser Woods Run Western Penitentiary 1876 E.M. Butz R.L. Matthews Dept. 1902 Frederick Scheibler Jr. McClure Ave Presbyt. 1887 Longfellow Alden Harlow 1 WILLIAM MARTIN AIKEN William Aiken (1855–1908) was born in Charleston, South Carolina and edu- cated at The University of the South (1872–1874) where he taught in his last year of attendance and moved to Charleston, S.C. -
Operties Added to Campus Tammy Dr
FRIDAY January 13,1995 Volume 74 No. 31 Opinion • Take responsibility/oryour actions? Entertainments Cleveland band headlines area nightclub. Sports • Tressel named coach of year by AFC AS. operties added to campus tammy Dr. Sylvia Hyre, director of the king Center for International Studies. Hyre said as director she plans to news editor create publications such as a newslet• • * ter and pamphlets that talk about in• Not only has the University ac• ternational grants, research and study. quired four properties that will keep "We want to make this a place in step with the administrative Cam• where all kinds of materials and pus 2000, but new centers will oc• information are available for those cupy two of those buildings. seeking to live, work or study The four properties include the abroad," Hyre said. Phelps Street properties located at Hyre also said that students Lincoln Avenue and Phelps street, and scholars from other countries the Council of Churches Building can use the Center as a place to take on Wick Avenue, the S.E.O. Build• care of problems, see advisors and ing at 275 W. Rayen Ave., and the attend campus orientations.. Hanahan and Strollo Building at The Center for Historic Pres• 127 Lincoln Ave. ervation, which will occupy the According to Rocco Mediate, Church of Councils Building, will director of University facilities, also have several functions. the occupying plan is not "etched "The Center for Historic Pres• in stone but the Center for Inter• ervation will house the facilities national Studies will definitely oc• and equipment to train students in cupy the Phelps Street properties the field, give faculty a place to and the Center for Historic Pres• develop grants and give the Uni• ervation will occupy the Council of Churches Building." versity an organizing location to establish a partnership/coopera• The Center for International tion with local government, agen• Studies will have several func• cies and other institutions, said Dr. -
Progress Newsletter Volume 4 Number 2
of CranioMaxilloFacial Surgeons Progress NEWSLETTER An official publication of the AACMFS January 2017, Volume 3 Number 2 2017 American Academy of CranioMaxillofacial Surgeons Annual Meeting – May19 - 20, 2017 Fairmont Pittsburgh Hotel, January 2017 Pittsburgh, PA Registration open for annual meeting at www.pfiedlerenterprises.com/aacmfs In This Issue Keynote Speaker: Trends in Academic Healthcare 1 2017 AACMFS Annual Meeting Enterprises Important for Surgical Subspecialties 2 Schedule Chief Medical Officer, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC Annual Meeting Social Activities President, Children’s Community Pediatrics Professor of Urology, University of Pittsburgh 3 President’s Address Steven G. Docimo, MD School of Medicine 4 Member Spotlight Dr. Docimo is an internationally recognized leader in minimally invasive surgery, management of the AACMFS Administrative undescended testis, surgery for urinary reflux and complex urinary tract reconstruction for bladder exstrophy Staff and spina bifida. He is professor of urology and pediatric urology at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. Dr. Docimo is also the vice president of subspecialty services at Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC. Dr. Docimo is involved in training future physicians at the University Of Pittsburgh School Of Medicine where he is the director of the ACGME-approved fellowship program in pediatric urology. He is widely published in leading journals and is the editor of four textbooks related to pediatric urology. Keynote Speaker: Concussion Clinical Trajectories: An Active and Targeted Approach to Concussion Assessment, Treatment and Rehabilitation John F. Helfrick, DDS, MS Clinical Director, UPMC Sports Medicine Executive Director Michael Collins, Concussion Program PhD Dr. Collins is an internationally renowned expert in sports-related concussion. -
Blood Drive Collects Record Amount of Donations
Volume 43 Issue 2 Student Newspaper Of Shaler Area High School November 2016 Bloodby Ceari Robinson drive and Addeline collects Devlin for others this record was a first amount of donationsfirst, the students register on the time experience. computer and answer questions. Shaler Area High School hosted a blood drive “A lot of people will These questions are for the blood Thursday November 3. The Central Blood Bank vis- hype it up but it is really bank only, just to reassure them that its twice a year giving students and teachers an op- not that bad. I would rec- donor’s blood is safe to use. Next, portunity to give blood which in turn is used to save ommend it because you the students move to the interview lives. save three lives every process. This is where the nurse Shaler Area has been holding blood drives for time so why not?” senior will draw a sample of your blood more than 20 years. This year, 153 people signed up Stephen Borgen said. and test it for iron, take your tem- to donate, which equates to potentially saving 500 Central Blood Bank perature and take your blood pres- lives. even offers scholarships sure. If cleared, a student moves to “I think the blood drive is going great, we are on to students who partici- the cot to donate. This part alone track to collect the most units we have ever gotten”, pate. For every donation, only takes about 10-15 minutes and Natalia Petrulli, the Central Blood Bank Account the school earns points then you get to sit and eat snacks. -
A Shared Digital Future? Will the Possibilities for Mass Creativity on the Internet Be Realized Or Squandered, Asks Tony Hey
NATURE|Vol 455|4 September 2008 OPINION A shared digital future? Will the possibilities for mass creativity on the Internet be realized or squandered, asks Tony Hey. The potential of the Internet and the attack, such as that dramatized in web for creating a better, more inno- the 2007 movie Live Free or Die vative and collaborative future is Hard (also titled Die Hard 4.0). discussed in three books. Together, Zittrain argues that security they make a convincing case that problems could lead to the ‘appli- we are in the midst of a revolution ancization’ of the Internet, a return as significant as that brought about to managed interfaces and a trend by Johannes Gutenberg’s invention towards tethered devices, such as of movable type. Sharing many the iPhone and Blackberry, which WATTENBERG VIÉGAS/M. BERTINI F. examples, notably Wikipedia and are subject to centralized control Linux, the books highlight different and are much less open to user concerns and opportunities. innovation. He also argues that The Future of the Internet the shared technologies that make addresses the legal issues and dan- up Web 2.0, which are reliant on gers involved in regulating the Inter- remote services offered by commer- net and the web. Jonathan Zittrain, cial organizations, may reduce the professor of Internet governance user’s freedom for innovation. I am and regulation at the Univ ersity of unconvinced that these technologies Oxford, UK, defends the ability of will kill generativity: smart phones the Internet and the personal com- are just computers, and specialized puter to produce “unanticipated services, such as the image-hosting change through unfiltered con- An editing history of the Wikipedia entry on abortion shows the numerous application SmugMug, can be built tributions from broad and varied contributors (in different colours) and changes in text length (depth). -
OCR Document
THE COFFIN CORNER: Vol. 2, Annual (1980) Latrobe LATROBE, PA.: CRADLE OF PRO FOOTBALL By Robert B. Van Atta John Kinport Brallier, who was to become nationally acknowledged as one of the first professional football players, was born at Cherry Tree, Pa., north of Indiana, Pa., Dec. 27, 1876, the son of Dr. Emanuel Brallier, a physician, and his wife, Lucy M. Kinport Brallier. His grandparents were from Alsace-Lorraine in Europe, accounting for the French-sounding name. As a boy, Brallier remembered having worked in a glass factory. His first recollection of football was in 1890, at the age of 13, when he played for the West Indiana Public School team. By 1892, he was captain and right halfback on the high school team as a sophomore, just before his 16th birthday. The year of 1893 saw the youthful athlete, while still attending the public high school, also “matriculating at Indiana Normal so I could play on the team.” The team won three of four games played that year, and among Brallier’s teammates was left guard Alex Stewart, future father of movie star Jimmy Stewart. Brallier quarterbacked the Normal team in both 1893 and 1894. His second year on the team found it winning only two of five games, but against much tougher opposition provided by college teams and teams of former college players. The fourth game that year was a 28-0 loss to Washington and Jefferson, but Brallier’s outstanding play was to have a major effect on his future. E. Gard Edwards, coach of the Wash-Jeff team, wrote from Pittsburgh to John Brallier, Dec.