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Utsava+Libro.Pdf UTSAVA Festividades hindúes: tradición, significado, y cómo celebrarlas. Por Hari Dasa Página 1 de 216 © KrishnaKali Yoga Ashram. Este libro puede ser compartido o difundido gratuitamente, citando su fuente, pero nunca vendido. Página 2 de 216 Índice: Dedicatoria (Samarpanam) 5 Sivananda Upadesham 6 Introducción 7 Parte I: Calendario Hindú y astrología 10 El tiempo en el Hinduismo 11 Meses y estaciones 17 Parte II: Festividades 19 Varsha Pratipada-Ugadi-Gudhi Padwa 20 Vasanta Navaratri 23 Sri Rama Navami 27 Hanuman Jayanti 33 Akshaya Tritiya 37 Ganga Saptami 40 Sita Navami 42 Narasimha Chaturdashi 44 Vaisakhi 48 Shani Jayanti 51 Ganga Dasahara 53 Ratha Yatra 55 Sri Guru Purnima 59 Varalakshmi Vratam 63 Gayatri Jayanti-Yajur Upakarma 66 Raksha Bandhan 69 Sri Krishna Janmashtami 73 Sri Ganesha Chaturthi 79 Radhastami 85 Vamana Dvadashi 87 Pitru Paksha 90 Vishvakarma Puja 94 Sharada Navaratri 96 Vijaya Dashami 101 Diwali 103 Página 3 de 216 Kartika Purnima 109 Tulasi Vivaha 111 Kala Bhairava Ashtami 114 Vivaha Panchami 116 Srimad Bhagavad Gita Jayanti 118 Dattatreya Jayanti 122 Makara Sankranti-Pongal 124 Vasanta Panchami-Saraswati Puja 126 Maha Shivaratri 129 Holi 137 Aniversarios de Acharyas 141 Ekadashi y Pradosha 143 Parte III: Kirtans y rituales 145 Kirtan 146 Kirtans para el Señor Ganesha 148 Kirtans para el Señor Vishnu, Rama y Krishna 149 Kirtan Para Sri Hanuman 152 Otros Kirtans de Sri Hanuman 157 Kirtans para el Señor Shiva y Karttikeya 158 Kirtan para la Devi 163 Oraciones universales 165 Cómo hacer una Puja 166 Cómo hacer un Arati 176 Cómo fabricar la mecha de Ghee 180 Cómo establecer un Kalash 182 Como dibujar un Rangoli 184 Cómo hacer una guirnalda de flores 186 Recetas de cocina 188 Anexos 193 Anexo I: Diez consejos para la adoración 193 Anexo II: Doce pasos hacia el Dharma 196 Anexo III: Un sadhana para todos 199 Anexo IV: Imágenes de los dioses hindúes 205 Página 4 de 216 Dedicatoria (Samarpanam) Ma ṅgalam Yogi-vary āya Mahan īya Gu ṇābdhaye Ga ṅgā-tīra niv āsāya Śiv ānand āya Ma ṅgala ṃ Sea bendito el mejor de entre los yogis Quien es un océano de las más grandes cualidades Quien vive en las orillas del Ganges, Que Swami Sivananda sea bendito. Oṃ svasti praj ābhya ḥ parip ālayant āṁ ny āyena m ārge ṇa mah īṁ mah īśāḥ gobr āhma ṇebhya ḥ śubhamastu nitya ṁ lok āh samast āḥ sukhino bhavantu Benditos sean los súbditos de los que gobiernan, y que estos grandes hombres gobiernen con justicia; que siempre haya bienestar para las vacas y los br āhma ṇas, que todo el mundo en todas partes sea feliz. Con gratitud inmensa para Krishna Deva y Nandini Devi por su maquetación y valiosas correcciones. Dedicado a mi esposa Madhuri Dasi, compañera en todas las festividades y en el camino del Dharma. Página 5 de 216 Sivananda Upadesham Enseñanza de Swami Sivananda Ten perfecta fe en Dios. Ten fe en las sagradas escrituras y las palabras de los grandes hombres. Ten fe en ti mismo. Ten fe en la gracia del Señor y en el poder de Su Nombre. La fe puede mover montañas. La fe puede hacer maravillas. Si la fe se vuelve inestable, fortalécela mediante el contacto con sabios y devotos, y mediante el estudio de libros sagrados. Abre tu corazón a Dios. Vuélvete tan simple como un niño. Namadeva tenía intensa fe en el Señor Krishna y el Señor comió la comida que él le ofreció. Prahlada tenía una fe inquebrantable en el Señor Hari y Éste lo protegió cuando su malvado padre le causó muchos problemas. El Señor Shiva le dio el Darshan (Su visión) a Kannappa. La plegaria es una gran fuerza espiritual. Deberías orar con fe, con un corazón humedecido con sincera devoción. No discutas acerca de la eficacia de la plegaria. La plegaria tiene una tremenda influencia. Cuando ores, abre libremente las puertas de tu corazón. No seas deshonesto ni trates de ser astuto. Entonces, obtendrás todo. Sé regular en tu plegaria. Pide luz, pureza, devoción y conocimiento. Draupadi rogó fervientemente al Señor Krishna e inmediatamente Él la liberó de su desgracia. Gajendra también rogó fervientemente y el Señor Hari llegó con Su disco para protegerlo. Mira rogó al Señor Krishna, y Éste se convirtió en su sirviente. Ruega fervientemente, ahora mismo, desde este mismo segundo. ¡Oh querido Radhakrishna! ¡No te demores, 1 amigo, que el mañana nunca vendrá! 1 Vida Divina Para Niños. Ed. Divine Life Society Página 6 de 216 Introducción. Saludo al Señor Ganesha y a Saraswati con gran reverencia. Tomando una mota de polvo de los pies de Gurudev Sri Swami Sivananda en mi corazón, comienzo ahora a escribir sobre las festividades, días sagrados y ayunos de la tradición hindú con la esperanza de grabar en mi corazón y el de quienes lo lean las sagradas enseñanzas que yacen tras estos festivales. Los festivales sagrados son parte fundamental de la vivencia del Hinduismo. El hindú contempla la existencia entera como un organismo unido en el que cada parte influye en las demás. Todo este universo con sus planetas y galaxias no es sino el cuerpo de Ishvara, el Señor Supremo. Así pues, contemplar el mundo con la mirada adecuada es contemplar a Dios. El hindú sabe esto y, para facilitar esta visión, sacraliza todas sus acciones. Ofrece a Bhagavan, el Señor Supremo, y a los dioses todas sus acciones, tanto en la pena como en la alegría. Contempla el orden del cosmos en la ida y venida de las estaciones, las cosechas, el constante salir y ponerse del sol. Se hace uno con la naturaleza y con el Señor que es el controlador de ésta. Busca la cercanía de la Divinidad tanto en las penas como en las alegrías. Las festividades hindúes son expresiones populares y sociales de esta visión sagrada. Son fechas señaladas por la posición de los astros o por aniversarios señalados, en los cuales los devotos abandonan por unos días su duro trabajo y giran sus rostros hacia la contemplación de Bhagavan. Los festivales hindúes son muy coloridos, llenos de música, ricos platos vegetarianos, danza, color, rituales de adoración, y sobre todo mucha alegría. También hay festividades hechas para recogerse en el hogar y tener momentos de silencio o vida contemplativa. En la India, la mayoría de los festivales se celebran en templos o en las calles, pero para el hindú occidental es difícil llevar a cabo estas celebraciones, al no haber comunidades hindúes fuertemente establecidas en muchas partes. En algunas ciudades ni siquiera hay un templo hindú donde poder celebrar. A menudo es difícil encontrar incluso sacerdotes Página 7 de 216 hindúes o brahmanas cualificados. He aquí el propósito principal de este libro, acercar satisfactoriamente las celebraciones al lector occidental. También en la India había lugares donde no había templos cercanos. La gente celebraba las festividades en sus casas, reuniendo a sus familiares, allegados y vecinos. Es hora de que los hindúes de occidente también establezcamos comunidades fuertes y amorosamente unidas por la común devoción al Dharma y a los Dioses. Se puede decir que cada hogar hindú es un templo, puesto que la Divinidad es el centro de la actividad familiar. Así pues, arreglemos nuestras casas bellamente y celebremos con alegría la Gracia que desde los cielos desciende sobre nosotros en los distintos días del calendario. La gloria de Sadhu-sanga o la compañía de los devotos es indescriptible. Si uno quiere avanzar en la senda espiritual es imprescindible asociarse con personas devotas como él. La mente absorbe los comportamientos y maneras de las personas con las que está a menudo. Si uno se hace acompañar por personas juerguistas, malhabladas o compulsivas, acabará siendo igual aunque trate de evitarlo. Si uno se acompaña de devotos, personas santas y bondadosas, terminará siendo un santo también. Por lo tanto, es de una importancia enorme organizar servicios en los que los devotos hindúes puedan juntarse y compartir su anhelo espiritual con otros. Cómo utilizar este libro: Este libro contiene tres partes diferenciadas. La primera versa sobre la naturaleza del calendario hindú, los meses y estaciones en el hinduismo, y las diferencias con el calendario occidental, a fin de que el lector comprenda mejor el por qué y el cuándo de las festividades hindúes y pueda adaptarlas lo mejor posible al calendario y horas occidentales. La segunda parte es una lista más o menos detallada de las festividades hindúes más importantes, empezando por el año nuevo hindú. Obviamente no se espera que el devoto celebre todas las festividades del libro, ya que entonces siempre estaríamos de fiesta. Cada uno, de acuerdo con la rama del Hinduismo que profesa, su temperamento, su preferencia y posibilidades puede escoger qué festividades celebrar con mayor fasto. Otras festividades menores pueden celebrarse simplemente haciendo una oración especial ese día o determinado ayuno u observancia. Página 8 de 216 La última parte del libro contiene una serie de instrucciones que ayudarán al lector a fabricar adornos, hacer una Puja o ceremonia de adoración , aprender oraciones y mantras y preparar algunas ofrendas tradicionales de alimento. También incluye un anexo sobre determinados días sagrados que no son considerados festivos pero sí apropiados para hacer sadhana o ejercicio espiritual. Sea esta una ofrenda a lo s Pies del más alto Señor, Parameshvara o Purushottama. ¡Que a través de las alegres festividades hindúes y a través de Su culto, el Dharma se expanda! Om Tat Sat Se terminó de escribir en Ashwina Purnima de 2077 según el calendario Vikram Samvat (31 de Octubre de 2020) Página 9 de 216 Parte I: Calendario Hindú y astrología Página 10 de 216 El tiempo en el Hinduismo.
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