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Home , David Schmeidler, Matthew Gentzkow, Matthew Rabin, Melissa Dell, Michael Kremer, Uri Gneezy

Prof. Daniel L. Chen, JD, PhD http://nber.org/~dlchen/

Law and

Readings:

Topic I: Consequences of Normative Commitments

1. Theory: Design of Legal Institutions

• Ian Ayres and Robert Gertner. Filling gaps in incomplete contracts: An economic theory of default rules. The Yale Law Journal, 99(1):87–130, October 1989 • Lucian Arye Bebchuk. Litigation and settlement under imperfect information. The RAND Journal of Economics, 15(3):404–415, 1984 • Gary S. Becker. Crime and punishment: An economic approach. Journal of , 76(2):169–217, 1968 • Roland B´enabou and . Laws and norms. Discussion Paper series 6290, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Bonn, Germany, January 2012 • Daniel L. Chen. Gender violence and the price of virginity: Theory and evidence of incom- plete marriage contracts. Mimeo, , 2004 • Daniel L. Chen. Mechanism design theory. University of Chicago Lecture Notes, 2005 • Ronald H. Coase. The problem of social cost. Journal of Law and Economics, 3:1–44, October 1960 • Robert Cooter. Unity in tort, contract, and property: The model of precaution. California Law Review, 73(1):1–51, January 1985 • Robert Cooter and Thomas Ulen. Law and Economics. Pearson Education, 6 edition, 2011 • . Toward a theory of property rights. The , 57(2):347–359, 1967 • Aaron S. Edlin and Stefan Reichelstein. Holdups, standard breach remedies, and optimal investment. The American Economic Review, 86(3):478–501, 1996 • Jan Eeckhout, Nicola Persico, and Petra E. Todd. A theory of optimal random crackdowns. The American Economic Review, 100(3):1104–1135, 2010 • Sanford J. Grossman and Oliver D. Hart. The costs and benefits of ownership: A theory of vertical and lateral integration. The Journal of Political Economy, 94(4):691–719, 1986 • , , and Robert W. Vishny. The proper scope of government: Theory and an application to prisons. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112(4):1127– 1161, 1997

1 • Bruce Hay and Kathryn E. Spier. Manufacturer liability for harms caused by consumers to others. The American Economic Review, 95(5):1700–1711, December 2005 • Bengt Holmstrom. Moral hazard in teams. The Bell Journal of Economics, 13(2):324–340, 1982

• Louis Kaplow. An economic analysis of legal transitions. Harvard Law Review, 99(3):509– 617, 1986 • Louis Kaplow. Rules versus standards: An economic analysis. Duke Law Journal, 42(3):557– 629, December 1992 • Louis Kaplow. Burden of proof. Yale Law Journal, 121(4):738–1013, January 2012

• Louis Kaplow and Steven Shavell. Any non-welfarist method of policy assessment violates the pareto principle. Journal of Political Economy, 109(2):281–286, 2001 • Avery W. Katz. Foundations Of The Economic Approach To Law. Interdisciplinary Readers in Law Series. , Incorporated, 1998

• Paul Klemperer. Auctions: Theory and Practice. Princeton paperbacks. Princeton Univer- sity Press, 2004 • Ming Li and Kristof Madar´asz. When mandatory disclosure hurts: Expert advice and conflicting interests. Journal of Economic Theory, 139(1):47–74, 2008

• Jeffrey Liebman and Richard Zeckhauser. Schmeduling. Unpublished paper, , 2004 • Andreu Mas-Colell, Michael D. Whinston, and Jerry R. Green. Microeconomic Theory. Oxford University Press, 1995 • A. Mitchell Polinsky. An Introduction To Law & Economics. Aspen Publishers, 4 edition, 2003 • A. Mitchell Polinsky and Steven Shavell. The uneasy case for product liability. Harvard Law Review, 123(6):1437–1492, April 2010 • George L. Priest and Benjamin Klein. The selection of disputes for litigation. The Journal of Legal Studies, 13(1):1–55, 1984 • Bernard Salanie. The Economics of Taxation. MIT press, 2003 • Steven Shavell. Foundations of Economic Analysis of Law. Harvard University Press, 2004 • John Simpson and Abraham L. Wickelgren. Naked exclusion, efficient breach, and down- stream . The American Economic Review, 97(4):1305–1320, 2007 • . Microeconomic Analysis. W. W. Norton Co, 3 edition, 1992

2 2. Theory: Explaining Legal Institutions

• and James A. Robinson. Why did the west extend the franchise? democ- racy, inequality, and growth in historical perspective. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115(4):1167–1199, November 2000 • Alberto Alesina and Paola Giuliano. Culture and Institutions. Journal of Economic Lit- erature, forthcoming, 2015

• Roland B´enabou and Jean Tirole. Belief in a Just World and Redistributive Politics. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 121(2):699–746, 2006 • Daniel L. Chen and Jo Thori Lind. The political economy of beliefs: Why fiscal and social conservatives and liberals come hand-in-hand. Working paper, July 2014

• Raquel Fern´andezand . Resistance to Reform: Status Quo Bias in the Pres- ence of Individual- Specific Uncertainty. American Economic Review, 81(5):1146–1155, December 1991 • Raquel Fern´andezand Richard Rogerson. On the Political Economy of Education Subsidies. Review of Economic Studies, 62(2):249–262, April 1995

• Raquel Fern´andezand Richard Rogerson. Income Distribution, Communities and the Qual- ity of Public Education. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 111(1):135–164, 1996 • Camilo Garc´ıa-Jimeno. The political economy of moral conflict: An empirical study of learning and law enforcement under prohibition. Econometrica, Revise and Resumbit, 2015 • Nicola Gennaioli and Andrei Shleifer. Judicial fact discretion. The Journal of Legal Studies, 37(1):1–35, 2008 • Nicola Gennaioli and Andrei Shleifer. The evolution of common law. The Journal of Political Economy, 115(1):43–68, 2007

• Edward L. Glaeser and Andrei Shleifer. Legal origins. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(4):1193–1229, 2002

3. Empirics: Exploiting Variation in Legal Rules

• Joshua D. Angrist and Victor Lavy. Using maimonides’ rule to estimate the effect of class size on scholastic achievement. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114(2):533–575, 1999 • Joshua D. Angrist and Alan B. Krueger. Instrumental variables and the search for iden- tification: From supply and demand to natural experiments. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15(4):69–85, 2001 • Joshua D. Angrist and J¨orn-SteffenPischke. Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiri- cist’s Companion. Princeton University Press, 2008 • Joshua D. Angrist. The perils of peer effects. Labour Economics, 30:98–108, October 2014

3 • Joshua D. Angrist and Alan B. Krueger. Empirical strategies in labor economics. In Ashenfelter and Card, editors, Handbook of Labor Economics, volume 3, chapter 23, pages 1277–1366. Elsevier, 1999 • David Autor. Labor Economics. MIT Lecture Notes

• David H. Autor, John J. Donohue, and Stewart J. Schwab. The costs of wrongful-discharge laws. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 88(2):211–231, 2006 • Martha J. Bailey. “Momma’s Got the Pill”: How Anthony Comstock and Griswold v. Connecticut Shaped US Childbearing. The American Economic Review, 100(1):98–129, 2010

• Shubham Chaudhuri, Pinelopi K. Goldberg, and Panle Jia. Estimating the effects of global patent protection in pharmaceuticals: A case study of quinolones in india. The American Economic Review, 96(5):1477–1514, 2006 • John J. Donohue and Justin Wolfers. Uses and abuses of empirical evidence in the death penalty debate. Stanford Law Review, 58(3):791–845, 2005

• Esther Duflo. Empirical methods. MIT Lecture Notes, 2002 • Franklin M. Fisher. Multiple regression in legal proceedings. Columbia Law Review, 80(4):702–736, 1980 • Michael Frakes. The Impact of Medical Liability Standards on Regional Variations in Cesarean Utilization: Evidence from the Adoption of National-Standard Rules. American Economic Review, 103(1):257–276, February 2013 • Leora Friedberg. Did unilateral divorce raise divorce rates? Evidence from panel data. The American Economic Review, 88(3):608–627, 1998

• Michael Greenstone. The impacts of environmental regulations on industrial activity: Ev- idence from the 1970 and 1977 clean air act amendments and the census of manufactures. Journal of Political Economy, 110(6):1175–1219, 2002 • Michael Greenstone, Paul Oyer, and Annette Vissing-Jorgensen. Mandated Disclosure, Stock Returns, and the 1964 Securities Acts Amendments. The Quarterly Journal of Eco- nomics, 121(2):399–460, May 2006 • Guido Imbens. Regression discontinuity designs, 2007. NBER Lecture Notes • Guido Imbens. Discrete choice models, 2007. NBER Lecture Notes • David H. Kaye and David A. Freedman. Reference Guide on Statistics, Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence. The National Academic Press, 2 edition, 2000 • Ilyana Kuziemko. How should inmates be released from prison? An assessment of parole versus fixed-sentence regimes. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 128(1):371–424, 2012 • Christian Leuz and Peter Wysocki. Economic consequences of financial reporting and disclosure regulation: A review and suggestions for future research. Working paper, 2008

• Giovanni Mastrobuoni. Optimizing Behavior During Bank Robberies: Theory and Evidence on the Two Minute Rule. Working paper, University of Essex, January 2015

4 • Giovanni Mastrobuoni. Police disruption and performance: Evidence from recurrent rede- ployments within a city. Department of Economics Discussion Paper Series 758, University of Essex, January 2015 • Rafael La Porta, Florencio Lopez de Silanes, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert W. Vishny. Law and finance. The Journal of Political Economy, 106(6):1113–1155, 1998

• Betsey Stevenson and Justin Wolfers. Bargaining in the shadow of the law: Divorce laws and family distress. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 121(1):267–288, 2006 • James H. Stock and Mark W. Watson. Introduction to Econometrics. Addison-Wesley Series in Economics. Addison Wesley, 2006

• Alan O. Sykes. An introduction to regression analysis. In E. Posner, editor, Chicago Lectures in Law & Economics 1. University of Chicago Press, 2000 • Heidi L. Williams. Intellectual property rights and innovation: Evidence from the human genome. Journal of Political Economy, 121(1):1–27, 2013

• Justin Wolfers. Did unilateral divorce laws raise divorce rates? A reconciliation and new results. The American Economic Review, 96(5):1802–1820, 2006 • Danny Yagan. Affirmative Action Bans and Black Admission Outcomes: Selection-Corrected Estimates from UC Law Schools. Working Paper 20361, National Bureau of Economic Re- search, July 2014

4. Empirics: Exploiting Random Assignment

• David S. Abrams and Albert H. Yoon. The luck of the draw: Using random case assignment to investigate attorney ability. The University of Chicago Law Review, 74(4):1145–1177, 2007 • Alex Belloni, Daniel L. Chen, Victor Chernozhukov, and Chris Hansen. Sparse models and methods for optimal instruments with an application to eminent domain. Econometrica, 80(6):2369–2429, November 2012 • Tom Chang and Antoinette Schoar. Judge specific differences in chapter 11 and firm outcomes. In American Law & Economics Association Annual Meetings, pages 1 – 40. Berkeley Electronic Press, 2008. Paper 86

• Daniel L. Chen and Susan Yeh. Growth Under the Shadow of Expropriation? The Economic Impacts of Eminent Domain. Working paper, ETH Zurich, January 2014 • Daniel L. Chen. The Deterrent Effect of the Death Penalty? Evidence from British Com- mutations During World War I. Working paper, ETH Zurich, May 2013

• Daniel L. Chen and Jasmin Sethi. Insiders and Outsiders: Does Forbidding Sexual Harass- ment Exacerbate Gender Inequality? Working paper, ETH Zurich, December 2014 • Will Dobbie and Jae Song. Debt Relief and Debtor Outcomes: Measuring the Effects of Consumer Bankruptcy Protection. American Economic Review, forthcoming, 2015

5 • Esther Duflo, , and Michael Kremer. Using randomization in devel- opment economics research: A toolkit. In T. Paul Schultz and John A. Strauss, editors, Handbook of , volume 4, chapter 61, pages 3895–3962. Elsevier, 2008 • D. James Greiner. Causal inference in civil rights litigation. Harvard Law Review, 122(2):533– 598, 2008 • Guido Imbens. Estimation of average treatment effects under unconfoundedness, 2007. NBER Lecture Notes • Guido Imbens. Instrumental variables with treatment effect heterogeneity: Local average treatment effects, 2007. NBER Lecture Notes • Guido Imbens. Generalized method of moments and empirical likelihood, 2007. NBER Lecture Notes • Guido Imbens. Weak instruments and many instruments, 2007. NBER Lecture Notes

• Radha Iyengar. An Analysis of the Performance of Federal Indigent Defense Counsel. Working Paper w13187, National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2007 • Jeffrey R. Kling. Incarceration length, employment, and earnings. The American Economic Review, 96(3):863–876, June 2006 • Jeffrey R. Kling, Jeffrey B. Liebman, and Lawrence F. Katz. Experimental analysis of neighborhood effects. Econometrica, 75(1):83–119, 2007 • James H. Stock and Mark W. Watson. Time series, 2008. NBER Lecture Notes

5. Law and Development: Theory

• Abhijit V. Banerjee and Esther Duflo. Theory of households. MIT lecture notes

• Roland B´enabou and Efe A. Ok. Social mobility and the demand for redistribution: The poum hypothesis. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116(2):447–487, 2001 • Jiahua Che and Yingyi Qian. Insecure Property Rights and Government Ownership of Firms. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113(2):467–496, 1998

• Daniel L. Chen and John J. Horton. The economics of crowdsourcing: A theory of disag- gregated labor markets. Working paper, Harvard University, 2009 • Lena Edlund. Son preference, sex ratios, and marriage patterns. Journal of Political Economy, 107(6):1275–1304, December 1999

• Lena Edlund and Evelyn Korn. A theory of prostitution. Journal of Political Economy, 110(1):181–214, February 2002 • Raquel Fern´andez,Alessandra Fogli, and Claudia Olivetti. Mothers and Sons: Prefer- ence Formation and Female Labor Force Dynamics. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119(4):1249–1299, 2004

6 • Raquel Fern´andez,Nezih Guner, and John Knowles. Love and Money: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of Household Sorting and Inequality. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 120(1):273–344, February 2005 • Raquel Fern´andez and Richard Rogerson. Sorting and Long-Run Inequility. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116(4):1305–1341, November 2001

• . Contract enforceability and economic institutions in early trade: The maghribi traders’ coalition. The American Economic Review, 83(3):525–548, 1993 • Lawrence J. Lau, Yingyi Qian, and Gerard Roland. Reform without Losers: An Inter- pretation of China’s Dual-Track Approach to Transition. Journal of Political Economy, 108(1):120–143, February 2000 • , Yingyi Qian, and Chenggang Xu. Incentives, Information, and Organizational Form. Review of Economic Studies, 67(2):359–378, April 2000 • Yingyi Qian and G´erardRoland. Federalism and the Soft Budget Constraint. American Economic Review, 88(5):1143–1162, December 1998

• Andrei Shleifer and Robert W. Vishny. Corruption. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108(3):599–617, 1993

6. Law and Development: Empirics

• Alberto Abadie and Javier Gardeazabal. The economic costs of conflict: A case study of the basque country. The American Economic Review, 93(1):113–132, mar 2003 • Ran Abramitzky. The limits of equality: Insights from the israeli kibbutz. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 123(3):1111–1159, 2008 • Daniel L. Chen and David S. Abrams. A Market for Justice: A First Empirical Look at Third Party Litigation Funding. Journal of Business Law, 15(4):1075–1109, 2013

• Alberto Alesina, Reza Baqir, and William Easterly. Public goods and ethnic divisions. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114(4):1243–1284, 1999 • Alberto Alesina, Paolo Giuliano, and Nathan Nunn. On the origins of gender roles: Women and the plough. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 128(2):469–530, 2013

• Eli Berman. Sect, subsidy, and sacrifice: An economist’s view of ultra-orthodox jews. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115(3):905–953, 2000 • Ryan Bubb. The evolution of property rights: State law or informal norms? Journal of Law and Economics, 56(3):555–594, August 2013

• Daniel L. Chen, Christina Jenq, and Scott Kominers. Eliciting asymmetric virginity pre- miums. Notes • Daniel L. Chen. Islamic resurgence and social violence during the indonesian financial crisis. In Mark Gradstein and Kai A. Konrad, editors, Institutions and Norms in Economic Development, chapter 8, pages 179–199. MIT Press, 2006

7 • Daniel L. Chen. Club goods and group identity: Evidence from islamic resurgence during the indonesian financial crisis. The Journal of Political Economy, 118(2):300–354, April 2010 • Daniel L. Chen. Can markets stimulate rights? On the alienability of legal claims. RAND Journal of Economics, 46(1):23–65, Spring 2015

• Daniel L. Chen and Yehonatan Givati. Can Markets Overcome Repugnance? Muslim Trade Reponse to Anti-Muhammad Cartoons. Working paper, ETH Zurich, 2014 • Daniel L. Chen, Vardges Levonyan, and Susan Yeh. Do Policies Affect Preferences? Ev- idence from Random Variation in Abortion Jurisprudence. Working paper, ETH Zurich, May 2014 • Daniel L. Chen and Susan Yeh. How Do Rights Revolutions Occur? Free Speech and the First Amendment. Working paper, ETH Zurich, February 2015 • . The Persistent Effects of Peru’s Mining “Mita”. Econometrica, 78(6):1863– 1903, November 2010

• Christine Desan. The market as a matter of money: Denaturalizing economic currency in american constitutional history. Law & Social Inquiry, 30(1):1–60, 2005 • Dave Donaldson. Railroads of the Raj: Estimating the Impact of Transportation Infras- tructure. American Economic Review, forthcoming, 2015

• William Easterly and Ross Levine. Africa’s growth tragedy: Policies and ethnic divisions. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112(4):1203–1250, 1997 • Lena Edlund and Rohini Pande. Why have women become left-wing? The political gender gap and the decline in marriage. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(3):917–961, 2002

• Noah Feldman. Divided by God: America’s Church-State Problem – and What We Should Do about it. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, July 2005 • and Attila Ambrus. Early Marriage, Age of Menarche, and Female Schooling Attainment in Bangladesh. Journal of Political Economy, 116(5):881–930, 2008

• Roger Finke and Rodney Stark. The Churching of America, 1776-1990: Winners and Losers in Our Religious Economy. Rutgers University Press, 1992 • Raymond Fisman, Sheena S. Iyengar, Emir Kamenica, and Itamar Simonson. Gender differences in mate selection: Evidence from a speed dating experiment. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 121(2):673–697, May 2006

• Raymond Fisman, Sheena S. Iyengar, Emir Kamenica, and Itamar Simonson. Racial pref- erences in dating. Review of Economic Studies, 75:117–132, 2008 • Robert Wiliam Fogel. The Fourth Great Awakening and the Future of Egalitarianism. Morality and Society Series. University of Chicago Press, 2000

• , Muriel Niederle, and Aldo Rustichini. Performance in competitive environ- ments: Gender differences. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(3):1049–1074, 2003

8 • Jonathan Gruber. Pay or pray? The impact of charitable subsidies on religious attendance. Journal of Public Economics, 88:2635–2655, 2004 • Jonathan Gruber. Religious , religious participation and outcomes: Is religion good for you? Advances in Economic Analysis and Policy, 5(1), 2005 • Philip Hamburger. Separation of Church and State. Harvard University Press, March 2002 • G¨unter J. Hitsch, Ali Horta¸csu,and . What makes you click?–Mate preferences in online dating. Quantitative Marketing and Economics, 8(4):393–427, December 2010 • Richard Hornbeck. Barbed wire: Property rights and agricultural development. The Quar- terly Journal of Economics, 125(2):767–810, 2010 • Daniel M. Hungerman. Are church and state substitutes? evidence from the 1996 welfare reform. Journal of Public Economics, 89(11-12):2245–2267, December 2005 • Laurence R. Iannaccone. Introduction to the economics of religion. Journal of Economic Literature, 36:1465–1496, September 1998 • Alan B. Krueger and Jitka Maleckova. Education, , political violence and terrorism: Is there a causal connection? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 17:119–144, 2003 • Steven D. Levitt and Sudhir Alladi Venkatesh. An economic analysis of a drug-selling gang’s finances. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115(3):755–789, 2000 • , Shanker Satyanath, and Ernest Sergenti. Economic shocks and civil con- flict: An instrumental variables approach. Journal of Political Economy, 112(4):725–753, 2004 • Kimberly J. Morgan and Monica Prasad. The origins of tax systems: A french-american comparison. American Journal of Sociology, 114(5):1350–1394, 2009 • Suresh Naidu and Noam Yuchtman. Coercive contract enforcement: Law and the labor mar- ket in nineteenth century industrial britain. The American Economic Review, 103(1):107– 144, 2013 • Silvia Pezzini. The effect of women’s rights on women’s welfare: Evidence from a natural experiment. The Economic Journal, 115:C208–C227, March 2005 • Jacopo Ponticelli. Court enforcement and firm productivity: Evidence from a bankruptcy reform in brazil. Working paper, University of Chicago - Booth School of Business, 2013 • Marcos A. Rangel. Alimony rights and intrahousehold allocation of resources: Evidence from brazil. The Economic Journal, 116(513):627–658, July 2006 • Richard Sosis and Bradley J. Ruffle. Religious ritual and cooperation: Testing for a rela- tionship on israeli religious and secular kibbutzim. Current Anthropology, 44(5):713–722, 2003

Topic II: Measuring Normative Commitments

7. Courts, Judgement and Decision-Making

9 • Shamena Anwar, Patrick Bayer, and Randi Hjalmarsson. The impact of jury race in crim- inal trials. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 127(2):1–39, 2012 • Shamena Anwar and Hanming Fang. An alternative test of racial prejudice in motor vehicle searches: Theory and evidence. The American Economic Review, 96(1):127–151, 2006 • Roland B´enabou and Jean Tirole. Self-Confidence and Personal Motivation. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(3):871–915, 2002 • Roland B´enabou and Jean Tirole. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation. Review of Economic Studies, 70(3):489–520, 2003 • Roland B´enabou and Jean Tirole. Willpower and Personal Rules. Journal of Political Economy, 112(4):848–886, 2004 • Carlos Berdej´oand Daniel L. Chen. Priming Ideology? Electoral Cycles without Electoral Incentives among U.S. Judges. Working paper, ETH Zurich, January 2015 • Carlos Berdej´oand Noam M. Yuchtman. Crime, punishment and politics: An analysis of political cycles in criminal sentencing. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 95:741–756, July 2013 • Theodore C. Bergstrom, Rodney J. Garratt, and Damien Sheehan-Connor. One chance in a million: Altruism and the bone marrow registry. The American Economic Review, 99(4):1309–1334, September 2009 • Christina Boyd, Lee Epstein, and Andrew D. Martin. Untangling the causal effects of sex on judging. American Journal of Political Science, 54(2):389–411, 2010 • Daniel L. Chen, Yosh Halberstam, and Alan Yu. Overtones of justice: Concealable charac- teristics and perceptions of voice in the u.s. supreme court. Working paper, ETH Zurich, Mimeo, 2014 • Daniel L. Chen, Vardges Levonyan, S. Eric Reinhart, and Glen B. Taksler. Do Payment Disclosure Laws Affect Industry-Physician Relationships? Working paper, ETH Zurich, February 2015 • Daniel L. Chen, Tobias J. Moskowitz, and Kelly Shue. Decision-making under the gambler’s fallacy: Evidence from asylum judges, loan officers, and baseball umpires. Working paper, ETH Zurich, 2014 • Daniel L. Chen and Holger Spamann. This morning’s breakfast, last night’s game: Detecting extraneous factors in judging. Working paper, ETH Zurich, 2014 • Chris Guthrie, Jeffrey J. Rachlinski, and Andrew J. Wistrich. Inside the judicial mind. Cornell Law Review, 86(4):777–830, 2000 • Bert I. Huang. Deference drift? evidence from a surge in federal appeals. Harvard Law Review, 124(5):1121–1126, 2011 • John Knowles, Nicola Persico, and Petra Todd. Racial bias in motor vehicle searches: Theory and evidence. Journal of Political Economy, 109(1):203–229, 2001 • Claire Seon Hye Lim. Preferences and incentives of appointed and elected public officials: Evidence from state trial court judges. The American Economic Review, 103(4):1360–1397, June 2013

10 • Richard A. Posner. How Judges Think. Pims - Polity Immigration and Society Series. Harvard University Press, 2010 • Cass R. Sunstein, David Schkade, and Lisa Michelle Ellman. Ideological voting on federal courts of appeals: A preliminary investigation. Virginia Law Review, 90(1):301–354, March 2004

• Adrian Vermeule. Judging Under Uncertainty. Harvard University Press, 2006

8. Experimental

• James Andreoni and John Miller. Giving according to garp: An experimental test of the consistency of preferences for altruism. Econometrica, 70(2):737–753, 2002

• Daniel J. Benjamin, James J. Choi, and Joshua A. Strickland. Social identity and prefer- ences. The American Economic Review, 100(4):1913–1928, 2010 • Iris Bohnet, Bruno S. Frey, and Steffen Huck. More order with less law: On contract enforcement, trust, and crowding. The American Political Science Review, 95(1):131–144, March 2001

• Iris Bohnet and Robert Cooter. Expressive law: Framing or equilibrium selection? Work- ing Paper Series rwp03-046, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government, November 2003 • Iris Bohnet, Fiona Greig, Benedikt Herrmann, and Richard Zeckhauser. Betrayal aver- sion: Evidence from brazil, china, oman, switzerland, turkey, and the . The American Economic Review, 98(1):294–310, 2008 • Gary Charness and . Understanding social preferences with simple tests. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(3):817–869, 2002 • Daniel L. Chen and John J. Horton. The wages of pay cuts. Working paper, ETH Zurich, 2014 • Daniel L. Chen. Markets and morality: How does competition affect moral judgment. Working paper, Duke University School of Law, 2012 • Yan Chen and Sherry Xin Li. Group identity and social preferences. The American Eco- nomic Review, 99(1):431–457, March 2009 • Daniel L. Chen and Martin Schonger. Social preferences or sacred values? theory and evidence of deontological motivations. Working paper, ETH Zurich, Mimeo, August 2013 • Daniel L. Chen and Martin Schonger. Invariance of equilibrium to the method of elicitation and implications for social preferences. Working paper, ETH Zurich, Mimeo, 2014

• Daniel L. Chen, Martin Schonger, and Chris Wickens. oTree: An Open Source Platform for Online, Lab, and Field Experiments. Working paper, ETH Zurich, December 2014 • Lucas C. Coffman. Intermediation reduces punishment (and reward). American Economic Journal: , 3(4):77–106, November 2011

11 • Colin Cramerer and Ernst Fehr. Measuring social norms and preferences using experimental games: A guide for social scientists. In Henrich, Boyd, Bowles, Camerer, Fehr, Gintis, and McElreach, editors, Foundations of Human Sociality Experimental and Ethnographic Evidence from 15 Small-Scale Societies. Oxford Scholarship Online, 2004 • Ernst Fehr. Theories of social preferences. MIT Lecture Notes • Ernst Fehr and . Psychological foundations of incentives. European Economic Review, 46:687–724, 2002 • Ernst Fehr, Holger Herz, and Tom Wilkening. The lure of authority: Motivation and incentive effects of power. The American Economic Review, 103(4):1325–1359, September 2013 • Ernst Fehr and Klaus M. Schmidt. A theory of fairness, competition, and cooperation. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114(3):817–868, August 1999 • Frederico Finan and Laura Schechter. Vote-buying and reciprocity. Econometrica, 80(2):863– 881, 2012 • Greg Fischer. Contract structure, risk-sharing, and investment choice. Econometrica, 81(3):883–939, 2013 • Richard B. Freeman and Alexander M. Gelber. Prize structure and information in tourna- ments: Experimental evidence. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2(1):149– 64, January 2010 • and Jean Tirole. , chapter 14 Common Knowledge and Games. The MIT Press, 1991 • Rajna Gibson, Carmen Tanner, and Alexander F. Wagner. Preferences for truthfulness: Heterogeneity among and within individuals. The American Economic Review, 103(1):532– 548, February 2013 • Uri Gneezy. Deception: The role of consequences. The American Economic Review, 95(1):384–394, 2005 • Dean Karlan and John A. List. Does price matter in charitable giving? Evidence from a large-scale natural field experiment. The American Economic Review, 97(5):1774–1793, 2007 • David M. Kreps. A Course in Microeconomic Theory. Princeton University Press, 1990 • John A. List and David Lucking-Reiley. The effects of seed money and refunds on charitable giving: Experimental evidence from a university capital campaign. Journal of Political Economy, 110(1):215–233, 2002 • Ulrike Malmendier and Klaus Schmidt. You owe me. Working Paper 18543, National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2012 • Muriel Niederle and Lise Vesterlund. Do Women Shy Away from Competition? Do Men Compete Too Much? The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 122(3):1067–1101, 2007 • DraˇzenPrelec. A Bayesian truth serum for subjective data. Science, 306(5695):462–466, 2004

12 • Alvin E. Roth. The economist as engineer: Game theory, experimentation, and computation as tools for design economics. Econometrica, 70(4):1341–1378, 2002 • Christoph Vanberg. Why do people keep their promises? An experimental test of two explanations. Econometrica, 76(6):1467–1480, 2008 • Stefano DellaVigna, John A. List, and Ulrike Malmendier. Testing for altruism and social pressure in charitable giving. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 127(1):1–56, 2012

Topic III: Formation of Normative Commitments

9. Learning

• Abhijit V. Banerjee. A simple model of herd behavior. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(3):797–817, 1992 • , Arun G. Chandrasekhar, Esther Duflo, and Matthew O. Jackson. The Diffusion of Microfinance. Science, 341(6144), July 2013 • Patrick Bayer, Randi Hjalmarsson, and David Pozen. Building criminal capital behind bars: Peer effects in juvenile corrections. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 124(1):105–147, 2009 • Alberto Bisin and Thierry A. Verdier. “Beyond the Melting Pot”: Cultural Transmission, Marriage, and the Evolution of Ethnic and Religious Traits. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115(3):955–988, August 2000 • Johanne Boisjoly, Greg J. Duncan, Michael Kremer, Dan M. Levy, and Jacque Eccles. Em- pathy or antipathy? The impact of diversity. The American Economic Review, 96(5):1890– 1905, 2006 • Bart J. Bronnenberg Jean-Pierre H. Dub´eand . The Evolution of Brand Preferences: Evidence from Consumer Migration. American Economic Review, 102(6):2472–2508, October 2012 • Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza and Marcus W. Feldman. Cultural Transmission and Evolution: A Quantitative Approach. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J., 1981 • Richard Dawkins. The Selfish Gene, volume 2. Oxford University Press, 1990 • Glenn Ellison and Drew Fudenberg. Rules of thumb for social learning. Journal of Political Economy, 101(4):612–643, 1993 • Raquel Fern´andez. Cultural change as learning: The evolution of female labor force par- ticipation over a century. American Economic Review, 103(1):472–500, 2013 • Andrew D. Foster and Mark R. Rosenzweig. Learning by doing and learning from oth- ers: Human capital and technical change in agriculture. Journal of Political Economy, 103(6):1176–1209, 1995 • Edward L. Glaeser, Bruce Sacerdote, and Jos´eA. Scheinkman. Crime and social interac- tions. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 111(2):507–548, 1996

13 • David S. Lyle. Estimating and interpreting peer and role model effects from randomly assigned social groups at west point. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 89(2):289– 299, May 2007 • Alexandre Mas and Enrico Moretti. Peers at work. The American Economic Review, 99(1):112–145, 2009 • Edward Miguel and Michael Kremer. Worms: Identifying impacts on education and health in the presence of treatment externalities. Econometrica, 72(1):159–217, 2004 • Bruce Sacerdote. Peer effects with random assignment: Results for dartmouth roommates. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116(2):681–704, 2001 • Christian Th¨oniand Simon G¨achter. Social interaction in the workplace. Working paper, 2005

10. Persuasion and Argumentation

• Enriqueta Aragones, Itzhak Gilboa, Andrew Postlewaite, and David Schmeidler. Fact-free learning. The American Economic Review, 95(5):1355–1368, 2005 • . Interactive epistemology. International Journal of Game Theory, 28:263– 300, 1999 • Daniel L. Chen. A theory of persuasion and argumentation: Why people prefer different ways of knowing. Notes • Daniel L. Chen. Culture as interactive epistemology. Notes • Daniel L. Chen. Does science progress? a statistical approach to postmodern theories of knowledge. Technical report, August 2008 • Vincent P. Crawford and Joel Sobel. Strategic information transmission. Econometrica, 50(6):1431–1451, 1982 • Peter M. DeMarzo, Dimitri Vayanos, and Jeffrey Zwiebel. Persuasion bias, social influence, and unidimensional opinions. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(3):909–968, August 2003 • Matthew Gentzkow and Emir Kamenica. Bayesian persuasion. American Economic Review, 101(6):2590–2615, October 2011 • Matthew Gentzkow and Emir Kamenica. Costly Persuasion. American Economic Review, 104(5):457–462, May 2014 • Matthew A. Gentzkow and Jesse M. Shapiro. Media, education and anti-americanism in the muslim world. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 18(3):117–133, 2004 • Matthew Gentzkow and Jesse M. Shapiro. Media bias and reputation. Journal of Political Economy, 114(2):280–316, 2006 • Matthew Gentzkow and Jesse M. Shapiro. Competition and Truth in the Market for News. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 22(2):133–154, 2008

14 • Matthew Aaron Gentzkow and Jesse M. Shapiro. What drives media slant? evidence from u.s. daily newspapers. Econometrica, 78(1):35–71, 2010 • Matthew Gentzkow and Jesse M. Shapiro. Ideological segregation online and offline. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 126(4):1799–1839, 2011

• Matthew Gentzkow, Jesse M. Shapiro, and Michael Sinkinson. Competition and Ideo- logical Diversity: Historical Evidence from US Newspapers. American Economic Review, forthcoming, 2014 • Hsueh-Ling Huynh and Bal´azsSzentes. An impossibility theorem on self-belief. Technical report, May 2002

• Paul R. Krugman and . International Economics: Theory and Policy. HarperCollins, 7 edition, 2006 • Thomas S Kuhn. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. University of Chicago Press, 1996

• , Joshua Schwartzstein, and Andrei Shleifer. Coarse thinking and persuasion. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 123(2):577–619, 2008 • Richard Nisbett. Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differently and Why. New York: Free Press, 2004 • Richard Rorty. Science as Solidarity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986

• Joshua C. Teitelbaum. Analogical Legal Reasoning: Theory and Evidence. American Law and Economics Review, forthcoming, 2014

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