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Stages De 3Ème Année MÉMOIRE Présenté par : MARTIN Edith .......................................................................................................................... Dans le cadre de la dominante d’approfondissement : IDEA Stage effectué du (jj/mm/aa) : 02/03/09 au 10/09/09 À : Pur Projet 36 boulevard de la Bastille 75012 PARIS FRANCE Sur le thème : Certification d’un projet de compensation d’émission de dioxyde de Carbone à la coopérativa Agricola cacaotera ACOPAGRO (Pérou) Eventuellement : rapport confidentiel : Date d’expiration de confidentialité : 10/09/10 Pour l’obtention du : DIPLÔME D’INGÉNIEUR D’AGROPARISTECH Cursus ingénieur agronome et du DIPLÔME D’AGRONOMIE APPROFONDIE Enseignant/e-tuteur responsable de stage : David MONTAGNE....................................... Maître de stage : Tristan LECOMTE................................................................................... Soutenu le (jj/mm/aa) : 21/09/09. C:\Users\Invitado\Desktop\rapport fin étude\Modele_couverture_memoire3A_24juillet2009-2.doc Le projet Alto H. est un projet de reforestation, d’agroforesterie et de capture de dioxyde de carbone, commandité par une jeune entreprise française, le Pur Projet, en association avec les membres de la coopérative de cacao ACOPAGRO dans l’Amazonie Péruvienne. L’idée est de vendre la capture de carbone issue de la plantation des arbres sur le marché volontaire. Le projet naquit en 2008 et ne cesse de grandir. Cependant, pour obtenir plus de crédibilité, Pur Projet cherche à obtenir la certification du projet. Ce fut donc ma problématique de travail : « comment arriver à la certification du projet Alto H. ? ». Parmi les nombreuses certifications, l’heureuse élue fut le mécanisme de développement propre, la plus exigeante, mais la plus fiable pour les acheteurs du Nord désireux de compenser leurs émissions. Pour l’obtenir, il faut réaliser de nombreux travaux (choix de la méthodologie, démonstration de l’additionnalité, de l’éligibilité, détermination du scénario et niveau de référence, appréhension des risques de fuites et de non permanence, rassemblement des données en vue du calcul du stockage de carbone, calcul du stockage de carbone, plan de suivi et de contrôle, étude d’impacts environnementaux et socio économiques). Ces travaux sont ensuite cristallisés dans un document de synthèse présenté aux autorités compétentes pour validation : le Project Design Document ou PDD. Après avoir choisi la méthodologie (dans notre cas l’AR AMS 0004), il faut rassembler un certain nombre de données (images satellites, photos aériennes, cartes, informations….) datant du 31 décembre 1989 à au début du projet, pour réaliser ces travaux. Durant les trois premiers mois ces données ont été durement recherchées. Les informations premièrement collectées ont permis de décrire les écosystèmes sur lesquels s’implante le projet. Au bout de ces 3 mois, cependant, les informations permettant notamment de déterminer l’éligibilité ou non des parcelles faisaient défaut. Il a donc fallu les générer soi- même. Deux enquêtes accompagnées de mesures des parcelles par GPS ont alors été lancées pour pallier à ces manques de données. Les résultats ont permis d’élaborer les bases de données nécessaires (description des titres de propriété des parcelles, description des valeurs des indicateurs environnementaux d’avant projet, bases de données des parcelles correspondantes, base de données des caractéristiques des espèces proposées par le projet…) et déterminer les surfaces éligibles : des 161 parcelles enquêtées, seules 16,10 ha remplissent les critères d’éligibilité de la méthodologie choisie. On a de plus identifié le scénario de référence : il correspond à la continuation de l’occupation actuelle du sol et le niveau de référence est par conséquent nul. Tout en modifiant le projet et en assurant sa coordination, on a travaillé à montrer l’additionnalité, à anticiper la gestion des risques de non permanence et de déclenchement d’émissions de GES en dehors des frontières du projet. On a également pu estimer la quantité de carbone séquestrée sur ces hectares éligibles à 15 069 T de CO2 . De plus, on a pu élaborer et appliquer en partie un plan de suivi, de contrôle et d’assurance de la qualité des données collectées. Enfin, une étude d’impact environnemental a été commencé et une étude d’impact socio économique dévoilant les avantages socio économiques pour le producteur a été réalisé. Tout cela fut consigné dans la dernière version du Project Design Document. En raison du temps imparti, le travail a beaucoup avancé, mais n’a pu être terminé. Il reste notamment à continuer à enquêter les parcelles pour déterminer l’ensemble des surfaces éligibles, à faire faire une étude d’impact environnemental par un tiers, finaliser la légalisation des contrats entre les producteurs et la coopérative, et obtenir la lettre d’approbation du Ministère de l’environnement au Pérou. The Alto H. Project is a Reforestation, Agroforestry and carbon dioxide sequestration project in the Amazonian Peruvian forest, launched by a young French company Pur Projet, in association with the members of ACOPAGRO, a cocoa cooperative. The idea is to sell the carbon dioxide sequestration of new plantations on the voluntary market. The project was born in 2008, and keeps expanding. In order to get more credibility for the European and Americans clients, Pur Projet wants to obtain the certification of the project. It was the issue of my training: “How could we obtain the certification of the Alto H. project?” There are a lot of labels for carbon sequestration. The chosen one has been the Clean Development Mechanism, the more demanding but the more reliable for the clients willing to offset their GHG emissions. To obtain it, there is quite a hard work to do : to choose the methodology, to demonstrate the additionnality and eligibility, to determine the baseline, to anticipate the risks of leakage and non permanence, to collect data to evaluate the carbon dioxide sequestration, to elaborate a monitoring plan, and to assess the environmental and socio economic impacts. Then all these results are summarized in the Project Design Document. Once the methodology has been chosen (in our case AR AMS 0004), data have to be found (satellite images, photos, maps, information…) from the 31st of December 2009 until now. The first three months have been spent looking for these data. The found information allowed describing the ecosystems concerned by the project. After that, however, data, especially to demonstrate the eligibility, were still missing. They had to be generated. Two surveys and parcels measures by GPS have been implemented to compensate for the lack of information. The results have allowed creating the necessary databases (rights to land, values of environmental indicators before the start of the project, geographic database of the parcels, species characteristics…) and determining the eligible areas: only 16.10 ha from the 161 checked parcels. Moreover the baseline scenario has been identified: continuation of current land use, and so the baseline value is null. Besides, the project had to be modified and the project coordination had to be done. In addition one has worked on proving the additionnality, and anticipating the leakage and non permanence risks. The estimation of carbon sequestration on eligible areas reaches 15 069 T of CO2. Furthermore a monitoring and quality assurance plan has been elaborated. Finally, a study of possible environmental impacts has been initiated, and a socio economic impacts assessment showed the advantages for the farmer. All these results have been described in the update version of the Project Design Document. Although the period of time was very short, a lot of things were done. However there’s still hard to work on checking the areas to determine their eligibility. Besides, a third party has to be contracted to assess the environmental impacts, the legalization of the contracts between the farmers and the Pur Projet has to be finalized, and the Letter of Approval of the Peruvian Environment Department to be obtained. CERTIFICATION D’UN PROJET DE COMPENSATION D’EMISSION DE DIOXYDE DE CARBONE A LA COOPERATIVA AGRICOLA CACAOTERA ACOPAGRO (PEROU) Jeunes plants de Paliperro (Vitex sp.) Mémoire de fin d’études Septembre 2009 Maître de stage : Tristan LECOMTE Tuteur principal : David MONTAGNE Tuteur associé : Raphaël MANLAY Edith MARTIN AgroParisTech cursus Agronomie Spécialisation : Ingénierie de l’eau, des déchets et de l’Aménagement Durable, Option : Aménagement et gestion de l’eau et des milieux - 2 - Mémoire de fin d’étude, Edith MARTIN. AgroParisTech – Pur Projet. LISTE DES ACRONYMES ET ABREVIATIONS AND Autorité Nationale Désignée BEF Biomass Expansion Factor, Facteur d’expansion de biomasse CCNUCC Clean Development Mechanism CDM Convention Cadre des Nations Unies pour le Changement Climatique CO2 Dioxyde de Carbone DHP Diamètre à hauteur de poitrine ENCOFOR ENvironment and COmmunity based framework for designing afFORestat reforestation and revegetation projects in the CDM GES Gaz à effet de serre GORESAM GOuvernement REgional de la Région San Martin GPG LULUCF Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry GPS Global Positioning system GTZ Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (ONG allemande) INRENA Instituto de los Recursos Naturales IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature MDP Mécanisme de Développement Propre ONG Organisation Non Gouvernementale PDA Programme de Développement
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