DOCSLIB.ORG

Offshore Pacific Highlights in Summer-Fall 2005: Just Another Year

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Offshore Pacific Highlights in Summer-Fall 2005: Just Another Year IOffshoreSummer-Fall Pacific 2005.Hig.hlights JustAnother in Year PETERPYLE ß INSTITUTEFOR BIRD POPULATIONS ß RO. BOX 1346 ß POINTREYES STATION, CALIFORNIA 94956 ß (EMAIL:[email protected]) IncreasingOur Knowledge ofOcean wasthat seabird productivity had been average morea questionof badtiming than of whole- Events,One Year at a Time towell above average in theperiod 1999-2004. sale disaster. By earlyfall, the wordhad spread:2005 was For a burgeonedpopulation of younger Seabirdpopulation sizes and productivity an unusualyear for seab•rdsoff the Pacific coast seabirds,this was a firstreal test of theirforag- provideexcellent barometers of the stateof of NorthAmerica. But was it that unusual? ing abilities,and it is neithersurprising nor ourmarine ecosystems, helping us keep a fin- Manyyears ago, David Ainley concluded that unhealthy(at thepopulation level) that a die- geron negativeanthropogenic effects such as therewas no suchthing as a "normal"year in off shouldhave ensued. Furthermore, offshore climatechange, oil contamination,and over- the California Current, and it would fishing.But we mustbe patientto follow that theremay not be "un- ß '=•,--L• CSCAPE2005 understandsuch large-scale process- usual"years either. Rather, seabird es. For these reasons,the National dynamicsin the PacificOcean are • "•C'13 r/•ie Co3sr NMS Oceanicand Atmospheric Adminis- Washin,on bestexplained interms of overlap- tration(NOAA) is increasingsup- pingclimatological and oceaniccy- Le• d•es portfor a widevariety of long-term cles,which influencecomplex ma- •a: 06•I13 lb: 07•5•7•4 ocean-monitoringprograms for rineecosystems and result in chaotic • 2:08•1•8/17 seabirds,marine mammals,and oth- andsomewhat unpredictable patchi- J •' 3: •121• er organismsoff the PacificCoast nessin prey resources.Distribution 4: •12•1• Theseinclude several programs con- of theseresources has everything to N42ø 5:101•-10•23 ducted within National Marine Sanc- do with interannual variation in 6:10•9-11/13 tuaries(NMS): Winds-to-Whalesop- seabirdproductivity and dispersal, eratedin MontereyBay NMS by the andour understanding of it all is as Co•ell 8• NMS Centerfor IntegratedMarine Tech- yet too meagerto characterizeany nologyand the University of Califor- one seasonwith such generalized •' Fore• NMS niaat SantaCruz; OCPS (see the Fig- terms as "normal" or "unusual." urecaptions for full programtitles) To be sure.productivity of breed- • Mo•y•yN• in theOl•qnpic Coast NMS; CBOMP ing seabirds, such as those in ,. Califo[n,a in the Cordell Bank NMS; and SFAS colonies on the Farallon Islands off in the Gulf of the Farallones NMS. SanFrancisco, was below average in Researchprograms conducted at 2005,and for some species--notably broaderspatial scales include sur- PelagicCormorant (Phalacrocorax Pac•hc veys during annualrockfish (Se- pelagicus)and Cassin'sAuklet (Ply- N :32ø Ocean bastesspp.) cruises off centralCali- choramphusaleulicus)--it bordered fornia and intermittentsurveys of on completefailure. Spring north- HecetaBank, Oregon, by H. T. Har- westerliesand accompanyingup- vey& Associates;quarterly CalCOFI welling were late, resulting in crumesoff southern (and now cen- warmer,less-productive waters and tral) Californiaby the ScrippsInsti- wi34 o w13o o w126 o vV122o Wit8 o reducedprey (especially krill) when tutionof Oceanographyand PRBO adultsneeded to feedchicks in May ConservationScience; and periodic Figure1. Planned(dashed line) and completed (colored solid lines) transects andJune. By late summer, dead Com- surveyedduring the Collaborative Survey ofCetacean Abundance andthe (onceevery 3-5 years)assessments of marine mammal stocks and mon Murres(Uria aalge)and cor- PelagicEcosystem (CSCAPE) Cruise, undertaken bythe Southwest Fishedes Sci- morantswere washing up on Pacific enceCenter and the National Maline Sanctuary Prog[am aboard NOAA research seabirddislribution along the U.S. Coast beaches in substantial numbers vesselsinJune-Decembe[ 2005.Fine-scale t[ansects were su[veyed inthe Pacificcoast by the SouthwestFish- (North AmericanBirds 59: 645, 651), OlympicCoast, Cordell Bank, Gulf of the Farallones, andMonterey Bay National eries Science Center (SWFSC) of leadingto muchspeculation on the MarineSanctuaries, eachof which conduct year-round surveys aswell. Stars in- NOAA I wasfortunate Io takepart decliningstate of our oceans."Un- dieatelocations ofhigh productivity, from north to south: off Cape Blanco, over in this last project in 2005, the usuallywarm conditions off theWest Perpetua/HecetaBank,the outer reaches ofthe Mendocino Escarpment, and CSCAPE cruise, which covered Pa- Coast this year are hammering CordellBank (see also Figure 2). These cruises occu[ once eve[y three to five cific watersout to 552 km (300 nau- wildlife, and scientistsdon't know years.For more information onCSCAPE, including weekly summaries ofbiolog- tical miles [nmi]) off Washington, why---orwhat it bodesfor the fu- icaland oceanographic observations aswell as photographic highlights, see Oregon,and California(Figure 1). ture,"began a storyin the 23 July <http://swfscnmfs.noaa.gov/PRD/PROJECTS/CSCAPE/defauk.htm>. This research program takes an 2005 SanJose Mercmy News. This ecosystemapproach, attempting not and similararticles predicted long-term de- monitoringprograms (see below) found ex- only to monitorvertebrate populations but clinesand gave the impression that global cli- ceptionalfish prey and marinemammal and alsoto correlatetheir temporal and spatial dy- matechange had begunin earnestin 2005. seabirdabundance off Californiain July-Au- namicswith thoseof prey communitiesand What thesereports failed to note, however, gust,indicating that the poor productivity was the physicaland biologicaloceanography of 4 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS OFFSHOREPACIFICHIGHLIGHTS INSUMMER-FALL 2005 theregion. over these features, internal It has been tempting to • tides and waves create oceanic equate warmer ocean tempera- flux, invectingcold, nutrient- tureswith increasesin thc ap- rich water to the surface and cre- pearanceof unusualseabirds. atingbiological "hotspots" (see Certainly,2005 was a banner x0.00Figure 2). Thanksto the yearfor observations of pelagic CSCAPEcruise, a 25-yeardream rarities:as manyas threenew of mine was realized this fall, to seabird species[or North obtain a glimpseof a hotspot Americaand California, up to over the outer reaches of the [our new state records for Ore- L•0 MendocinoRidge. gon,as well asgood numbers On 8 August2005, the NOAA anddiversity o[ theelusive and shipDavid Star• Jordan covered enigmaticPtoodroma petrels about 212 km (115 nmi) in a were detected. But I would north-northeasterlydirection, questionany suggestionthat 0.10 from positionsabout 394 km 2005 was an unusuallygood (214 nmi) southwest of Point yearfor vagrants,or that the Garda, California, to 313 km newrecords necessarily related (170 nmi) westof CapeMendo- to this season's oceanic anom- cino,directly above the Mendo- alies,which actually were clos- cino Ridge. For 12 hours, we • 0.01 er to "average"for mostof the staredat seeminglylifeless seas, fall. Rather, I believe that in- with few fluctuations in the Figure2. Satelliteimagery showing levels of chlorophyll-a, on21 June 2001, indicating con- creasingreports of vagrant centrationsofphytoplankton andproductive waters. Note the upwelling plumes off Cape 18.3ø C temperature,as is typical seabirds has more to do with Blanco,Cape Mendocino, Point Arena, and Point Reyes, and the counter-clockwise eddiesex- of offshore waters, recording increasedcoverage, enhanced tending westward from each plume. These whorls ofproductivity appear tobe created via the roughlytwo birds per hour, pri- knowledgeof seabirdidentifi- bisectionofthe California Current bysubsurface features (e.g., Heceta Bank, Gorda Escarp- marily Leach'sStorm-Petrels cation criteria, and recent ad- ment,and Cordell Bank), attracting pelagic species such as gadfly petrels totheir westward ( Oceanodroma leucorhoa) and vances in digital imagery, reaches.Forgood discussions ofthis and related topics, see <http://www. mbari.org/staff/ Cook's Petrels (Pterodroma whichcan providesubstantial ryjo/cosmos/it/ite.html> and<http://ono.ucsd.edu/pages/pubs/eos_miller. et.al_1999/ cookii). But in the last hour of assistancewith speciesconfir- CCS_final.text.html>.Imagecourtesy ofRaphael Kudela, University ofCalifornia Santa Cruz. the day,the surfacetemperature mation.Although several un- Originaldata from the SeaWiFS Prolea (NASA) and ¸ Orbimage,Inc. dropped to 16.2ø C, and the usualspecies were observed horizon bas suddenlydotted during the CSCAPEcruise in 200% these Perpetua,Heceta, and Cordell Banks further with albatrosses,petrels, phalaropes, and recordswere made during 145+ full dayso[ swizzle the waters,giving us spectacular jaegers,all milling over scatteredblows of sampling,which included near-constant scan- oceanproductivity that attracts marine mam- SpermWhales (Physeter macrocephalus). We ningof the horizonwith 25-power,mounted mals and seabirds from both near and far. campedon the ridgefor the nightand the binoculars;on thevast majority of thesedays, Theclosest point of U.S.land to thesouthern next morningwere treated to moreof the nothingunusual was noted. In additionto ex- andtropical Pacific Ocean is notin southern same:Sperm Whales and birds lined the pandedcoverage by trainedobservers aboard California,as one might expect,but Cape ridgefrom the westernto the easternhori- scientific cruises, there has also been an in- Mendocinoin HumboldtCounty, which pro- zon. As we continued on our
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington: Past, Present, and Future
    Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington: Past, Present, and Future As more and more states are incorporating projections of sea-level rise into coastal planning efforts, the states of California, Oregon, and Washington asked the National Research Council to project sea-level rise along their coasts for the years 2030, 2050, and 2100, taking into account the many factors that affect sea-level rise on a local scale. The projections show a sharp distinction at Cape Mendocino in northern California. South of that point, sea-level rise is expected to be very close to global projections; north of that point, sea-level rise is projected to be less than global projections because seismic strain is pushing the land upward. ny significant sea-level In compliance with a rise will pose enor- 2008 executive order, mous risks to the California state agencies have A been incorporating projec- valuable infrastructure, devel- opment, and wetlands that line tions of sea-level rise into much of the 1,600 mile shore- their coastal planning. This line of California, Oregon, and study provides the first Washington. For example, in comprehensive regional San Francisco Bay, two inter- projections of the changes in national airports, the ports of sea level expected in San Francisco and Oakland, a California, Oregon, and naval air station, freeways, Washington. housing developments, and sports stadiums have been Global Sea-Level Rise built on fill that raised the land Following a few thousand level only a few feet above the years of relative stability, highest tides. The San Francisco International Airport (center) global sea level has been Sea-level change is linked and surrounding areas will begin to flood with as rising since the late 19th or to changes in the Earth’s little as 40 cm (16 inches) of sea-level rise, a early 20th century, when climate.
    [Show full text]
  • Trees Decided Issue
    Peninsula Diary Mayo Hayes O’Donnell manuscripts, pictures and other items, much of which pertains to the early history of Monterey. February 16, 1950 The Monterey History and Art Association is a member Trees Decided Issue of the state historical society and many Peninsula Under a heading “Tall Trees May Have Swung Early residents are also contributing members of this Capital to Monterey” Lee Shippey writes in the Los worthwhile group. Mr. Aubrey Drury is the president Angeles Times abut a Christmas Card sent to him by and Joseph R. Knowland is a vice president. Among the Thomas W. Norris of Carmel. The card was a reprint of a patron members are Mrs. Henry Potter Russell and Miss letter from Sebastian Vizcaino, written in Monterey on Margaret Jacks, both of whom are also interested in the December 28, 1602. It tells that Vizcaino had been History ad Art Association and the Foundation in ordered by the Count de Monte-Rey to explore the Monterey. Allen Griffin and Mrs. Harry W. Toulmin and harbors of the “the South Sea” from Acapulco to Cape Mrs. John Payson Adams are numbered among the Mendocino, having been sent out with supplies for sustaining membership list. eleven months. The Colonial House and Garden Symposium will take He had left Acapulco on May 5 of that year and the place in Colonial Williamsburg, Virginia, in February and difficulties had been so great that some of the men had March, under the sponsorship of House and Garden and died and the provisions and munitions were too low to Colonial Williamsburg.
    [Show full text]
  • Documents from the 1602-1603 Sebastiã¡N Vizcaã No Expedition
    Documents from the 1602-1603 Sebastián Vizcaíno Expedition up the California Coast The story of Sebastián Vizcaíno’s 1602-03 voyage formally begins on September 27th, 1599, with the issuance of a Royal Order from the Spanish Court of Phillip III authorizing an expedition from Acapulco with the specific purpose of exploring and mapping the California coast. More than three decades before, in 1565, trade had first been established between Acapulco and the Orient, and once or twice every year several of the famed Manila galleons would make crossings of the Pacific. From Mexico, these enormous ships would take very little-- mostly silver, which was greatly coveted by the Chinese. On the return trip, however, they would be filled to capacity with spices, porcelain, ivory, lacquer ware, and Chinese silks to be sold in European markets. Once the galleons arrived in Acapulco, their cargo was transported overland to the Mexican port of Veracruz, and from there would be placed on the Spanish fleet bound for Spain. The trip from Acapulco to the Philippines was a relatively easy one and took only three months, from March to late May or early June. The return trip and its ideal route, however, were much more problematic. In 1565, it had been discovered by accident that by sailing from Manila far to the north before heading east, ships could pick up trade winds that would push them eastward towards the west coast of North America. This maneuver would take the galleons to what is today Cape Mendocino off the coast of Northern California, and from there the ships would simply follow the California coast south-southwest all the way to Acapulco, arriving three or four weeks later.
    [Show full text]
  • North Pacific Ocean
    314 ¢ U.S. Coast Pilot 7, Chapter 8 19 SEP 2021 125° 124° OREGON 42° 123° Point St. George Crescent City 18603 KLAMATH RIVER Trinidad Head 18600 41° 18605 HUMBOLDT BAY Eureka 18622 18623 CALIFORNIA Cape Mendocino Punta Gorda Point Delgada 40° Cape Vizcaino 18626 Point Cabrillo NOYO RIVER 18628 39° 18620 18640 Point Arena NORTH PA CIFIC OCEAN Bodega Head 18643 TOMALES BAY 38° Point Reyes Bolinas Point San Francisco Chart Coverage in Coast Pilot 7—Chapter 8 NOAA’s Online Interactive Chart Catalog has complete chart coverage http://www.charts.noaa.gov/InteractiveCatalog/nrnc.shtml 19 SEP 2021 U.S. Coast Pilot 7, Chapter 8 ¢ 315 San Francisco Bay to Point St. George, California (1) the season, and precipitation of 0.1 inch (2.54 mm) or ENC - US2WC06M more can be expected on about 10 to 11 days per month Chart - 18010 south of Cape Mendocino and on up to 20 days to the north. Snow falls occasionally along this north coast. (9) Winds in spring are more variable than in winter, as (2) This chapter describes Bodega Bay, Tomales Bay, Noyo River and Anchorage, Shelter Cove, Humboldt the subtropical high builds and the Aleutian Low shrinks. Bay and numerous other small coves and bays. The only The change takes place gradually from north to south. deep-draft harbor is Humboldt Bay, which has the largest Northwest through north winds become more common city along this section of the coast, Eureka. The other while south winds are not quite so prevalent. With the important places, all for small craft, are Bodega Harbor, decrease in storm activity, rain falls on only about 6 Noyo River, Shelter Cove and Crescent City Harbor.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Survive Earthquakes and Tsunamis in Northern California
    HOW TO SURVIVE EARTHQUAKES AND TSUNAMIS IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA Part of the Putting Down Roots in Earthquake Country Series Includes new information on the 2011 Japan Tsunami in California 1 Copyright 2011, Humboldt Earthquake Education Center at Humboldt State University. Reproduction by permission only. You Can Prepare for the What do I do? Disclaimer This document is intended to promote earthquake and tsunami readiness. It is based on the best currently available scientific, engineering, and Next Quake or Tsunami During an Earthquak E You Shoul D: sociological research; following its suggestions, however, does not guarantee the safety of an individual or of a SOME PEOplE THINK it is not worth preparing for an earthquake or a tsunami If you are indoors, drop and take cover under a sturdy structure. The writers, contributors, and sponsors of this because whether you survive or not is up to chance. NOT SO! Most Northern table or other furniture. to it and stay put until the handbook assume no liability for death, injuries, property Hold on TION damage, or other effect of an earthquake or tsunami. California buildings will survive even a large earthquake, and so will you, shaking stops. TION C Prepared by the Humboldt Earthquake Education Center especially if you follow the simple guidelines in this handbook and start C and the Redwood Coast Tsunami Work Group (RCTWG), Stay clear of items that can fall and injure you, such as u preparing today. If you know how to recognize the warning signs of a tsunami aftEr an Earthquak E You Shoul D: u in cooperation with the California Earthquake Authority and understand what to do, you will survive that too—but you need to know windows, fireplaces and heavy furniture.
    [Show full text]
  • USA CA Capemendocino Inser
    EERI SPECIAL EARTHQUAKE REPORT -JUNE 1992 (0 (Photographs provided by Tom Varner (EERI 1989) and Laura Varner, Dames & Moore.) Overview. During April 25-26, three earthquakes of magnitude 6 or greater occurred in a 24-hour span in the Petrolia area of Humboldt County, California. The first, and largest, was magnitude 7.0 near Petrolia, and was the strongest earthquake in California since Loma Prieta in 1989. The second (magnitude 6.0) and third (magnitude 6.5) events were off the coast of Cape Mendocino. There was building damage to older wood frame buildings in Ferndale, Rio Dell, Fortuna, and Scotia . Damage to a Victorian house in Ferndale ~eismologyc instrument atand Cape Geology. Mendocino An tion or local ground failure. Three obtained. Of particular interest (2.5 miles epicentral distance) faults meet near Mendocino; the was the 2g or greater peak accel- recorded a peak acceleration of 2g San Andreas Fault is to the south, eration recorded at Cape Mendo- lasting 0.1 to 0.2 seconds during the Cascadia subduction zone is to cino, discussed earlier, and a the magnitude 7.0 shock. This is the north, and the Mendocino Fault 0.69g record obtained in Petrolia. the highest acceleration ever re- is to the west. There is a broad Acceleration levels of 1.25g were corded in California, but it may be zone of deformation between the recorded at an abutment of the attributable to instrument malfunc- faults, and the resulting structure Painter Street Overcrossing, while is quite complex. If the main the ground acceleration was shock was on the Cascadia sub- 0.55g.
    [Show full text]
  • Tracking Prehistoric Cascadia Tsunami Deposits at Nestucca Bay, Oregon, USA I
    G E O L O F G Y O T A N N E D M M T I R N E A R P A E L D I N N O D G U E S R T R O Tracking Prehistoric Cascadia Tsunami Deposits at Nestucca Bay, Oregon, USA I E S 1 937 1 2 1 o PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SAND 120 Robert C. Witter , Eileen Hemphill-Haley , and Roger Hart 130 o 125 o Queen Charlotte Three tsunamis triggered by fault INTRODUCTION. 1 2 BRITISH AB A N1 Sandy Deposit C N5 Sandy Deposit COLUMBIA Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Consulting Micropaleontology North South North South great earthquakes on the Cascadia subduction zone have 10 10 10 100 16 ND-B2, 107-110 cm Upton-06, 162-165 cm Upton -19, 116-118 cm Vancouver 50o o N1 sand N5 sandy mud, upper layer N5 sandy mud 50 S t N4 sandy layer N4 sandy layer r a Coastal Field Office, P.O. Box 1033, Newport, OR 97365 1871 Pickett Road 12 it % Volume % Volume Explorer o inundated Nestucca Bay, Oregon over the past 2000 years. m) River channel 0 0 0 f N5 sandy layer G Vancouver μ e CANADA ( Plate Island o 50 8 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Continental rg i U.S.A. C a o size n [email protected] McKinleyville, CA 95519 10 10 1000 10 ti WASHINGTON 4 n Mean particle S e The primary evidence includes layers of sandy sediment that Thickness (cm) LN-02, 43-45 cm Upton-06, 168-172 cm Upton-24, 96-98 cm e n N5 sandy layer a t w a shelf l N5 sandy mud a 0 0 N1 sandy mud N5 sandy mud, lower layer r s d lo p Seattle 0 500 1000 1500 0 500 1000 1500 e % Volume Puget North % Volume e 0 0 0 d bury tidal marshes submerged by earthquake-related Distance south of Little Nestucca River (m) Distance south of Little Nestucca River (m) Sound g America 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 e Grays Harbor Plate Particle size (μm) Particle size (μm) o Willapa f 10 Bay subsidence.
    [Show full text]
  • Seismotectonics of the San Andreas Fault System Between
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USGS Staff -- Published Research US Geological Survey 1993 Seismotectonics of the San Andreas Fault System Between Point Arena and Cape Mendocino in Northern California' Implications for the Development and Evolution of a Young Transform David A. Castillo Stanford University William L. Ellsworth U.S. Geological Survey Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Castillo, David A. and Ellsworth, William L., "Seismotectonics of the San Andreas Fault System Between Point Arena and Cape Mendocino in Northern California' Implications for the Development and Evolution of a Young Transform" (1993). USGS Staff -- Published Research. 387. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/387 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the US Geological Survey at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USGS Staff -- Published Research by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 98, NO. B4, PAGES 6543-6560, APRIL 10, 1993 Seismotectonics of the San Andreas Fault System Between Point Arena and Cape Mendocino in Northern California' Implications for the Development and Evolution of a Young Transform DAVID A. CASTILLO 1 AND WILLIAM L. ELLSWORTH U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California The northernmostand relatively youthful segmentof the San Andreas fault systemis situated within a 100+ km wide zone of northwest trending strike-slip faults that includes, from west to east, the San Andreas, Maacama, and Bartlett Springs faults. Although the San Andreas fault is the principal strike-slip fault in this system, it has been virtually aseismic since the 1906 earthquake.
    [Show full text]
  • An Ethnohistory of the Mattole by Jamie Roscoe (1985)
    l tryl d AN E'IHNOHISTORY OF THE MATTOLE JAIIOS }i. IiffiCOE TABLE OF CONTENTS Page r. ABSTRACT i II. INTRODUCTION 'l A. Prehistory 1 B. Data Base 5 C. Methodology 7 IIT. ETHNOGRAPHIC BACKGROUND 10 rV. MATTOLE-WHITE CONTACTS PRE-1865 21 V" MASTOLE.WHITE RELATIONSHTPS POST.1955 55 VI. CONCLUSIONS 64 REFERENCES 69 Maps: 1. Mattole Territory with Tribelet Subdivisions 2. Reservations in Northwestern Cal i forni a I. ABSTRACT At present the prehistoric and early historic periods of the Mattore va11ey, situated within Humboldt county in northwestern california, are not welr understood. This study investigates the relationships of the Mattole rndians and the first white settrers within bhe contact setting of the Mattole va1.ey. Historical and anthropol0gical analyses of primary ethnographic and historical sources are used to (1) outline t{attole fndian and White land use patterns and (2) examine the turmoil resulting from the direct conflict between these Ewo patterns. Ethnohist,oric sources are examined and tribelet subdivisions within Ehe speakers of the Mattole language are defined for a better understanding of Mattole attitudes of social and political identity. This study concludes that the Mattole rndian culture disintegrated because (1) the whiEes prevented the Mattoles from using Ehe land and its resources in the traditional manner and (2) the social organization of the Mattole left them unprepared to nounE a significant force Eo resist the Whites and (3) the resulting near annihilation of the Mattoles and the peacemeal removal 0f the survivors to reservations or their attachment to white households lefb no viable group of Mattoles to perpetuate the culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Offshore Pacific Highlights in Summer–Fall 2005
    Offshore Pacific Highlights in Summer–Fall 2005: Just Another Year PETER PYLE • INSTITUTE FOR BIRD POPULATIONS • P.O. BOX 1346 • POINT REYES STATION, CALIFORNIA 94956 • (EMAIL: [email protected]) Increasing Our Knowledge of Ocean was that seabird productivity had been average more a question of bad timing than of whole- Events, One Year at a Time to well above average in the period 1999-2004. sale disaster. By early fall, the word had spread: 2005 was For a burgeoned population of younger Seabird population sizes and productivity an unusual year for seabirds off the Pacific coast seabirds, this was a first real test of their forag- provide excellent barometers of the state of of North America. But was it that unusual? ing abilities, and it is neither surprising nor our marine ecosystems, helping us keep a fin- Many years ago, David Ainley concluded that unhealthy (at the population level) that a die- ger on negative anthropogenic effects such as there was no such thing as a “normal” year in off should have ensued. Furthermore, offshore climate change, oil contamination, and over- the California Current, and it would fishing. But we must be patient to follow that there may not be “un- understand such large-scale process- usual” years either. Rather, seabird es. For these reasons, the National dynamics in the Pacific Ocean are Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminis- best explained in terms of overlap- tration (NOAA) is increasing sup- ping climatological and oceanic cy- port for a wide variety of long-term cles, which influence complex ma- ocean-monitoring programs for rine ecosystems and result in chaotic seabirds, marine mammals, and oth- and somewhat unpredictable patchi- er organisms off the Pacific Coast.
    [Show full text]
  • Swath Mapping on the Continental Shelf and Slope: the Eel River Basin, Northern California
    FEATURE SWATH MAPPING ON THE CONTINENTAL SHELF AND SLOPE: THE EEL RIVER BASIN, NORTHERN CALIFORNIA By John A. Goff, Larry A. Mayer, John Hughes-Clarke and Lincoln F. Pratson TH~ STRArAFORMprogram sponsored by the Of_ and the New Jersey margin (Austin et al., 1996. this rice of Naval Research (Nittrouer and Kravitz, issue). The Eel margin was mapped using the Sim- 1996, this issue) seeks to understand how sedi- rad EM1000 system in the summer of 1995 aboard • . morphological mentary processes lead to the formation of the the R/V Paclific Hunter. The New Jersey margin stratigraphic sequences on continental margins. A was mapped with the same system in the summer structure of surficial central challenge facing this effort is to understand of 1996 aboard the Canadian Hydrographic Ser- features at a level of the transport of sediments in shore-parallel as well vices vessel F.G. Creed. The EMI000 operates at as shore-perpendicular directions• Multidimension- 95 kHz (both bathymetry and sidescan), with bathy- detail and coverage ality is necessary to describe, for example, the ac- metric resolution generally better than -50 cm. The unavailable by any cumulation of sediments from river inputs, the dis- New Jersey slope was previously mapped with the tribution of gullies and canyons on the slope, the deeper-water, coarser-resolution Sea Beam system other means. meandering of channels, and the structure of (Pratson et al., 1994). These data abut the newly slumps and slides. collected New Jersey EMI000 survey, and the com- Acoustic swath mapping, which produces rapid, bined data set will provide continuous coverage detailed, and complete aerial coverage of seabed fi'om -20 m to ~2,500 m depth.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of the Cape Mendocino, Eureka, Garberville, and Southwestern Part of the Hayfork 30 X 60 Minute Quadrangles and Adjacent Offshore Area, Northern California
    Geology of the Cape Mendocino, Eureka, Garberville, and Southwestern part of the Hayfork 30 x 60 Minute Quadrangles and Adjacent Offshore Area, Northern California By R.J. McLaughlin1, S.D. Ellen1, M.C. Blake, Jr.2, A.S. Jayko1, W.P. Irwin1, K.R. Aalto3, G.A. Carver3, and S.H. Clarke, Jr.1 Pamphlet to accompany Miscellaneous Field Studies MF-2336 Version 1.0 Digital Database by J.B. Barnes1, J.D. Cecil1 and K.A. Cyr 1 1U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025 2U.S. Geological Survey, 1911 Wilson Ave., Belllingham, WA 98225 3Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA 95521 2000 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey i CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 PURPOSE 1 FUNDING BACKGROUND 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1 PREVIOUS WORK 2 METHODS 2 PHOTOINTERPRETIVE MAPPING 2 GEOLOGIC AND STRUCTURAL OVERVIEW 3 KLAMATH MOUNTAINS PROVINCE 3 COAST RANGES PROVINCE 4 Outliers of Great Valley Sequence and Coast Range Ophiolite 5 Franciscan Complex 5 Eastern belt 5 Pickett Peak terrane 5 Yolla Bolly terrane 6 Central belt 6 Coastal belt 7 Yager terrane 7 Coastal terrane 8 King Range terrane 9 False Cape terrane 10 Oligocene intrusive rocks 11 Late Cenozoic post-accretionary Overlap Assemblage 11 Wildcat Group 11 Bear River beds of Haller (1980) 12 Post-accretionary Neogene strata in the Cape Mendocino to Petrolia area 12 Unnamed upper Pleistocene and Holocene deposits 13 STRUCTURAL RELATIONS 13 Faults bounding belts of the Franciscan Complex 13 South Fork fault 13 Coast Range fault 13 Grogan-Red Mountain fault zone 14 Mule Ridge fault zone
    [Show full text]