Fmri and Lie Detection
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The Future of Neuroimaged Lie Detection and the Law
The University of Akron IdeaExchange@UAkron Akron Law Review Akron Law Journals June 2015 The uturF e of Neuroimaged Lie Detection and the Law Joelle Anne Moreno Please take a moment to share how this work helps you through this survey. Your feedback will be important as we plan further development of our repository. Follow this and additional works at: http://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/akronlawreview Part of the Science and Technology Law Commons Recommended Citation Moreno, Joelle Anne (2009) "The uturF e of Neuroimaged Lie Detection and the Law," Akron Law Review: Vol. 42 : Iss. 3 , Article 3. Available at: http://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/akronlawreview/vol42/iss3/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Akron Law Journals at IdeaExchange@UAkron, the institutional repository of The nivU ersity of Akron in Akron, Ohio, USA. It has been accepted for inclusion in Akron Law Review by an authorized administrator of IdeaExchange@UAkron. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Moreno: The Future of Neuroimaged Lie Detection and the Law 8-MORENO_COPYFORPRINTER.DOC 4/27/2009 12:43 PM THE FUTURE OF NEUROIMAGED LIE DETECTION AND THE LAW Joëlle Anne Moreno∗ I. How Should Law Prepare to Respond to Cognitive Neuroscience? .................................................................. 722 A. The Potential Influence of Cognitive Neuroscience on Law ...................................................................... 722 B. Neuroimages in Court ................................................ 723 C. Cognitive Neuroscience Evidence in Court ............... 723 C. Extra-Legal Uses of Cognitive Neuroscience ............ 732 II. How Should Law (and Law Professors) Respond to Cognitive Neuroscience? ................................................. 733 A. Understanding the Value and Limits of Cognitive Neuroscience ............................................................ -
Machine Learning-Based Lie Detector Applied to a Novel Annotated Game Dataset Nuria Rodriguez Diaz, Decky Aspandi, Federico Sukno, and Xavier Binefa
JOURNAL OF LATEX CLASS FILES, VOL. 14, NO. 8, AUGUST 2015 1 Machine Learning-based Lie Detector applied to a Novel Annotated Game Dataset Nuria Rodriguez Diaz, Decky Aspandi, Federico Sukno, and Xavier Binefa Abstract—Lie detection is considered a concern for everyone in the periorbital- [6] or perinasal-region [7] in thermal imagery, their day to day life given its impact on human interactions. Thus, which cannot be perceived by human vision. people normally pay attention to both what their interlocutors One of the crucial aspects to appropriately address lie- are saying and also to their visual appearances, including faces, to try to find any signs that indicate whether the person is detection research is the availability of adequate datasets. The telling the truth or not. While automatic lie detection may help acquisition of training and, especially, evaluation material for us to understand this lying characteristics, current systems are lie detection is a challenging task, particularly regarding the still fairly limited, partly due to lack of adequate datasets to necessity to gather ground truth, namely, to know whether a evaluate their performance in realistic scenarios. In this work, we person is lying or not. The main difficulty arises because such have collected an annotated dataset of facial images, comprising both 2D and 3D information of several participants during a knowledge is not useful if the scenario is naively simulated card game that encourages players to lie. Using our collected (e.g. it is not sufficient to instruct a person to simply tell dataset, We evaluated several types of machine learning-based a lie). -
“Let Me Tell You My Life in a Song” on Autobiography and Begging in Broadside Ballads of the Blind
THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIFE WRITING VOLUME VII(2018)34–52 “Let me tell you my life in a song” On Autobiography and Begging in Broadside Ballads of the Blind Karin Strand Svenskt visarkiv/Musikverket, Stockholm Let me tell you my life in a song, for when I remember time seems so long My days are dark, and heavy everything so I beg you: listen when I sing.1 1st stanza of “Lamentation of an invalid” by the former railway worker Karl Joelsson (1870–1953) who lost his sight, his hearing and both hands as he was dynamiting in America 1910. ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH What can street ballads tell us about the lives and realities of “common people”, of experiences “from below”? This article discusses the functional aesthetics and social context of one particular genre that has circulated in ephemeral song prints (skillingtryck) in Sweden: beggar verses of the blind. For centuries, such songs were sold in the streets and at market places as a means for the blind to earn a living, and a major part of them tell the life story, the sad fate, of their protagonists. Many prints declare the genre of autobiography on their very front page, quite literally selling the story of the protagonist’s life and ad- dressing the audience’s compassion. How, then, do these narratives relate to real life? How is individuality and authenticity expressed within a genre that to a large extent relies upon conventions and formulas? As is argued, songs of this kind are a suggestive source material of vernacular literacy, as well as of social and personal history from below. -
The Bridge January and February 2021
The Bridge Connecting You with News for the Classroom Notes from the Director’s Desk: January / February 2021 We survived! 2020 was certainly a year of historic firsts - from the weather and the election to our national health crisis and virtual school. Now it is time Meet the Board for a fresh start. As we usher in 2021, we have an opportunity to not only re- flect, but to reset. Recently, I heard and instructor say, “Remember, what fires Katie Harris--Chair together wires together”. This was his way of telling the class that our brain, Gloria Helton -Vice Chair like all the other muscles in our bodies, can be conditioned and strengthened. We are in control……..most of the time. Dr. Loretta Breuning, the founder of the Vacant- Secretary Inner Mammal Institute has spent years studying the brain and mammal interac- Dana Hamrick-Treasurer tion. Her research revealed that we are conditioned from birth to see the neg- Mandi Abernethy ative and overlook the positive. Tracy Daggerhart According to Dr. Breuning, it is a combination of chemistry, everyday triggers Karen Lineberger and conditioning or learned behavior that is the cause of the conflict. We have Karla Terry “happy” chemicals (dopamine, serotonin, and oxytocin) which are released when Rachel Washburn we feel good. Then there is our “stress” chemical (cortisol) which is released when we are feeling pain, threatened, or stressed. Of course, when we are feel- Terry Whitworth ing pain, all we are thinking about is the pain. The same thing happens with our negative thoughts. Many of us just keep replaying the negativity or even worse, we share our negativity. -
Emotions and Deception Detection
Emotions and Deception Detection Mircea Zloteanu Division of Psychology and Language Sciences University College London, UK A dissertation submitted in part fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Daniel C. Richardson September 2016 1 I, Mircea Zloteanu, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Signature 2 Abstract Humans have developed a complex social structure which relies heavily on communication between members. However, not all communication is honest. Distinguishing honest from deceptive information is clearly a useful skills, but individuals do not possess a strong ability to discriminate veracity. As others will not willingly admit they are lying, one must rely on different information to discern veracity. In deception detection, individuals are told to rely on behavioural indices to discriminate lies and truths. A source of such indices are the emotions displayed by another. This thesis focuses on the role that emotions have on the ability to detect deception, exploring the reasons for low judgemental accuracy when individuals focus on emotion information. I aim to demonstrate that emotion recognition does not aid the detection of deception, and can result in decreased accuracy. This is attributed to the biasing relationship of emotion recognition on veracity judgements, stemming from the inability of decoders to separate the authenticity of emotional cues. To support my claims, I will demonstrate the lack of ability of decoders to make rational judgements regarding veracity, even if allowed to pool the knowledge of multiple decoders, and disprove the notion that decoders can utilise emotional cues, both innately and through training, to detect deception. -
Brain Activity During Simulated Deception: an Event-Related Functional Magnetic Resonance Study
NeuroImage 15, 727–732 (2002) doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.1003, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on RAPID COMMUNICATION Brain Activity during Simulated Deception: An Event-Related Functional Magnetic Resonance Study D. D. Langleben,1 L. Schroeder, J. A. Maldjian,* R. C. Gur, S. McDonald, J. D. Ragland, C. P. O’Brien, and A. R. Childress Department of Psychiatry and *Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 Received May 30, 2001; published online January 4, 2002 cations and there is a strong general interest in objec- The Guilty Knowledge Test (GKT) has been used tive methods for its detection (Holden, 2001). extensively to model deception. An association be- Multichannel physiological recording (polygraph) is tween the brain evoked response potentials and lying currently the most widely used method for the detec- on the GKT suggests that deception may be associated tion of deception (Office of Technology Assessment, with changes in other measures of brain activity such 1990). The effectiveness of the polygraph in the study as regional blood flow that could be anatomically lo- and detection of deception is limited by reliance on calized with event-related functional magnetic reso- peripheral manifestations of anxiety (skin conduc- nance imaging (fMRI). Blood oxygenation level-depen- tance, heart rate, and respiration) (Office of Technol- dent fMRI contrasts between deceptive and truthful responses were measured with a 4 Tesla scanner in 18 ogy Assessment, 1983). Scalp-recorded event-related participants performing the GKT and analyzed using potentials (ERPs) have also been used in the study of statistical parametric mapping. Increased activity in deception. -
Efficient Lying Involves Self-Deception – Because If You Really Believe Your Lie, Your Limbic System Won't Give You Away
The story “Looking for the Lie” http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/05/magazine/05lying.html by Robin Marantz Henig New York Times Magazine, February 5, 2006 The pitch Dear Vera, A picture of a brain caught in mid-lie – that’s pretty hard to resist. Think of all the liars you’d love to expose: criminals, terrorists, politicians, philandering spouses, drug- abusing kids. That’s why scientists are trying to develop ways to unmask liars with techniques that go beyond traditional polygraphs – which are notoriously imprecise – or simple hunches – which are notoriously wrong. The next generation of lie detectors will include functional MRI scans, sophisticated electroencephalograms, and beams of light that can be blasted right inside the brain. But as we move closer to an era of high-tech mindreading, we should first take a look at what we know about lying – and whether it’s always such a good idea to uncover it. Is there an evolutionary purpose to deceit? A social purpose? Can anyone live in a community in which lies are always exposed and eliminated? If we can tell with confidence that someone is lying to us, is that something we even want to know? I’d like to propose a piece about lying for the Magazine, either as a 5000-word feature or as a longer cover story that gives me the space to explore the cultural, biological, and evolutionary implications of deception. I will also ask some of the questions raised with any new medical technology: what it can offer, how it can be abused, and whether it will set us off down a “slippery slope” that will lead to information we’d be better off without. -
An Assessment of Lie Detection Capability (1964)
IDA TECHNICAL REPORT 62-16 AN ASSESSMENT OF LIE DETECTION CAPABILITY (DECLASSIFIED VERSION) Jesse Orlansky July 1964 (classified version issued July 1962) INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING SUPPORT DIVISION Contract SD-50 Task 8 FOREWORD "An Assessment of Lie Detection Capability" was originally pub- lished as a SECRET NOPORN document by IDA/RESD on July 31, 1962, as TR 62-16. The Director of Defense Research and Engineering, Depart- ment of Defense, deleted portions of the repoit and declassified the remainder on May 13, 1964. The declassified version was printed as Exhibit 25 (pp. 425 to 463) of "Hearings Before a Subcommittee nf the Committee of Government Operations, House of Representatives, Eighty- Eighth Congress, Second Session, April 29 and 30, 1964," by the U.S. Government Printing Office. Except for the forematter, this reprint of the unclassified ver- sion is a facsimile reproduction of Exhibit 25. Three asterisks (* **) indicate that less than a pargrap has been deleted. A line of seven asterisks * * * ) Indicates deletion of one or more paragraphas. The coeplote report rtans its original classification. iii ACXNOWLEDCI4EN! The author wishes to thank many individuals who assisted this study by providing information and by reviewing a preliminary draft. This assistance is acknowledged gratefully but the author alone is accountable for the views expressed in this report. Dr. Joseph E. Barmack of the Institute for Defense Analyses is due a special thanks for his help in preparing the final report. v CONTENTS Foreword ii Acknowledgment v Contents vii Summary ix Conclusions xi Recommendations xiii 1. Purpose of This Report 1 2. -
Summer Camp Song Book
Summer Camp Song Book 05-209-03/2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS Numbers 3 Short Neck Buzzards ..................................................................... 1 18 Wheels .............................................................................................. 2 A A Ram Sam Sam .................................................................................. 2 Ah Ta Ka Ta Nu Va .............................................................................. 3 Alive, Alert, Awake .............................................................................. 3 All You Et-A ........................................................................................... 3 Alligator is My Friend ......................................................................... 4 Aloutte ................................................................................................... 5 Aouettesky ........................................................................................... 5 Animal Fair ........................................................................................... 6 Annabelle ............................................................................................. 6 Ants Go Marching .............................................................................. 6 Around the World ............................................................................... 7 Auntie Monica ..................................................................................... 8 Austrian Went Yodeling ................................................................. -
Functional MRI-Based Lie Detection: Acknowledge Possession of the Other5
PERSPECTIVES In one of the earliest studies, subjects NEUROSCIENCE AND THE LAW — SCIENCE AND SOCIETY were given two playing cards and were instructed to deny possession of one and Functional MRI-based lie detection: acknowledge possession of the other5. Subjects underwent fMRI scanning while they viewed a series of cards, including the scientific and societal challenges two critical cards and other cards that they had not been given. A comparison between Martha J. Farah, J. Benjamin Hutchinson, Elizabeth A. Phelps ‘truth’ trials and ‘lie’ trials revealed brain and Anthony D. Wagner activity associated with deception. In a simi- lar task design, subjects mentally picked a Abstract | Functional MRI (fMRI)-based lie detection has been marketed as a tool number between three and eight, and when for enhancing personnel selection, strengthening national security and protecting shown a series of numbers on a screen, personal reputations, and at least three US courts have been asked to admit the denied having picked that number (the criti- results of lie detection scans as evidence during trials. How well does fMRI-based cal lie item) and also denied having picked lie detection perform, and how should the courts, and society more generally, the other numbers (truth items) while undergoing fMRI7. Here again, activity on lie respond? Here, we address various questions — some of which are based on a trials was compared with that on truth trials meta-analysis of published studies — concerning the scientific state of the art in to discover which areas were associated with fMRI-based lie detection and its legal status, and discuss broader ethical and deception in this task. -
Which Lie Detection Tools Are Ready for Use in the Criminal Justice System?
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Portsmouth University Research Portal (Pure) Lie Detection Tools 1 Which Lie Detection Tools are Ready for Use in the Criminal Justice System? Aldert Vrij1 University of Portsmouth (UK) Ronald P Fisher Florida International University (USA) 1 Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to: Aldert Vrij, University of Portsmouth, Psychology Department, King Henry Building, King Henry 1 Street, PO1 2DY, Portsmouth, Hants, UK or via email: [email protected] Lie Detection Tools 2 We introduce ‘arousal based’ lie detection tools (the Behavior Analysis Interview, the Comparison Question polygraph Test, CQT) and ‘cognition based’ lie detection tools (imposing cognitive load, encouraging interviewees to say more, asking unexpected questions, Strategic Use of Evidence and Verifiability Approach, Concealed Information polygraph Test, CIT), and discuss whether they are ready for use in investigative interviews. We developed ten criteria on which to judge their suitability. The two arousal-based techniques (frequently used) fall short on numerous criteria. There are too many problems associated with the imposing cognitive load technique, but the other cognitive techniques are ready for use (encouraging interviewees to say more and Strategic Use of Evidence) or ready for use if they continue to receive support in empirical research (asking unexpected questions and Verifiability Approach). The CIT polygraph test cannot be included in a standard investigative interview but can be useful in addition to investigative interviewing. Vrij wrote the first draft of the article, Fisher commented on it, and Vrij revised the article based on Fisher's comments. -
Wisconsin Model Early Learning Standards Fifth Edition
Wisconsin Model Early Learning Standards Fifth Edition The Wisconsin Model Early Learning Standards Steering Committee WISCONSIN MODEL EARLY LEARNING STANDARDS WITH INTRODUCTION 2003 Edition 2008 Edition 2011 Edition 2013 Edition 2017 Edition (Updates to the 2013 Edition) The Wisconsin Model Early Learning Standards Steering Committee Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction Wisconsin Department of Children and Families Wisconsin Department of Health Services Wisconsin Head Start State Collaboration Office Wisconsin Early Childhood Collaborating Partners Wisconsin Early Childhood Association Wisconsin Division of Exceptional Children Funding for the 2003, 2008, 2011, 2013, and 2017 Editions are from: Wisconsin Head Start State Collaboration Project Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction Wisconsin Department of Health Services Braided Funding Initiative Wisconsin Early Childhood Collaborating Partners Great Lakes Head Start Quality Network (QNet) Wisconsin Department of Children and Families Race to the Top- Early Learning Challenge Grant WISCONSIN MODEL EARLY LEARNING STANDARDS i This publication is available from Wisconsin Child Care Information Center 2109 South Stoughton Road Madison, WI 53716 608-224-5388 or 1-800-362-7353 Or order online at dcf.wisconsin.gov/ccic/wmels The Wisconsin Model Early Learning Standards (WMELS) are published in English, Spanish, and Hmong. All versions are available on the Wisconsin Early Childhood Collaborating Partners (WECCP) web page and can be downloaded in a PDF format: www.collaboratingpartners.com/wmels-documents.php. This website also has related documents including: frequently asked questions, training materials, training calendars, alignment with Wisconsin Academic Standards, as well as information about curriculum and assessment. For more information on the Wisconsin Model Early Learning Standards initiative contact: Katherine McGurk Wisconsin Department of Children and Families 608-266-7001 [email protected] Sherry W.