DOCSLIB.ORG

(3 of 5) Attachment E

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(3 of 5) Attachment E ATTACHMENT E (3 OF 5) ATTACHMENT E (3 OF 5) 480000 481000 482000 483000 Figure 4.1 Qualitative Reconnaissance and Field Observation Locations Victorville PBR No.1 FUDS Project No. J09CA067501 San Bernardino County, California 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 2 2 8 8 3 3 Legend ! 4 Munitions Debris Observation Location !7 3 ! Other Field Observation Location Range Boundary Project Boundary Qualitative Reconnaissance Track 0 MRS 01-Practice Bomb Target 0 0 0 0 ! 0 8 12 8 2 2 8 8 3 !8 !2221 3 !20 ! 27 !19 !! 23 ! 15 ! 28 ! 16 ! ! 24 ! 4 ! 5 14 ! !11 13 ! 17 !9 ! 18 !26 !3 !25 !1 !10 !6 Site Location in California T R O P R Image: Orthophoto, 2005 I 0 A 0 Projection: UTM Zone 11 NAD83, Map Units in Meters 0 !2 0 Y 0 0 7 T 7 2 2 ³ N 8 8 3 3 Feet U D O R 1,000 500 0 1,000 C N Y I E A L T L N A U.S. ARMY SOUTH U V O E PARSONS PACIFIC DIVISION M L P L RANGE SUPPORT CENTER P L E A DESIGNED BY: B BT Qualitative Reconnaissance and DRAWN BY: Field Observation Locations BELL MTN BT PROJECT NUMBER: CHECKED BY: SCALE: As Shown 744653.74000 BB PAGE DATE: March 2008 NUMBER: SUBMITTED BY: X:\GIS\Site_inspections_sw\Maps\ 480000 481000 482000 483000 FILE: DS victorville_ca\Fig4_1_pbr1.mxd 4-10 FINAL CHAPTER 5 MIGRATION/EXPOSURE PATHWAYS AND RECEPTORS 5.1 INTRODUCTION 5.1.1 This chapter of the SI Report evaluates the potential presence or absence of migration/exposure pathways and receptors, based on site-specific conditions. It is necessary to evaluate site-specific conditions and land use to evaluate risks posed to potential receptors under current and future land use scenarios. Exposure pathways for groundwater, surface water and sediment, soil, and air are evaluated. The CSEM for the Victorville PBR No. 1 site (Appendix J) summarizes which potential receptor exposure pathways are (or may be) complete and which are (and are likely to remain) incomplete. An exposure pathway is not considered to be complete unless all four of the following elements are present (USEPA, 1989). An example regarding a hypothetical groundwater exposure pathway is included. • A source of contamination: e.g., a site has known MEC from which MC have leached and contaminated surface soil. • An environmental transport and/or exposure medium: e.g., the MC in soil is mobile and can contaminate groundwater. • A point of exposure at which the contaminant can interact with a receptor: e.g., a drinking water well drawing from the contaminated aquifer is located at the site. • A receptor and a likely route of exposure at the exposure point: e.g., an on-site resident uses groundwater as a source of water. 5.1.2 In the hypothetical example above, all four conditions are present and, therefore, the groundwater exposure pathway is complete. If any single factor was absent (e.g., MC contamination was not present in soil, or the resident obtained drinking water from another source), the pathway would be incomplete. 5.2 GENERAL INFORMATION General information regarding the geology, hydrogeology, and hydrology of the Victorville PBR No. 1 site presented below was obtained from the ASR (CEMVR, 1996), except where noted. Regional information is followed by a discussion of MRS-specific characteristics and sampling results for the MRS investigated as part of the SI. 5-1 CHAPTER 5 PBR 1REV.DOC REV. 2 CONTRACT W912DY-04-D-0005, DELIVERY ORDER 0009 3/13/2008 FINAL 5.2.1 Regional Geologic Setting 5.2.1.1 Victorville PBR No. 1 is located within Segment 1 of the Basin and Range physiographic province where rocks and deposits exposed at the surface range in age from Precambrian to Quaternary. They consist of pyroclastic and extrusive volcanic rocks, igneous intrusive rocks, and marine and continental sediments. Many of these have been intensely metamorphosed, folded, and faulted (USGS, 2006a). 5.2.1.2 During Precambrian time and the Paleozoic Era, a nearly uniform thickness of roughly 40,000 feet of marine sediments was deposited in the Cordilleran geosyncline; an elongated trough that extended south to north in western North America and included the area that is now eastern Nevada and southern California. Marked by two sedimentation periods of alternating clastic and carbonate deposition, the results were the following sequence: quartzite and siltstone, limestone and dolomite, argillite and quartzite, and limestone (USGS, 2006a). 5.2.1.3 Volcanoes were active on a large scale in eastern California and western Nevada at the end of the Paleozoic Era, marking the beginning of the igneous activity that became increasingly important during the Mesozoic time (USGS, 2006a). 5.2.1.4 The first great orogeny in the western part of North America since Precambrian time took place at the close of middle Mesozoic time. With the rising mountain ranges, the marine, continental, and volcanic deposits of the Pacific Coast were folded, metamorphosed, and completely faulted. Late in the Mesozoic Era, the region of the Pacific Coast was downwarped and the sea intruded (USGS, 2006a). 5.2.1.5 Volcanic rocks and sedimentary deposits accumulated over a wide area of the region during the Cenozoic Era. The Basin and Range area was a high mountain surface with external drainage early in the Cenozoic Era. During middle to late Cenozoic time though, large-scale block faulting formed the Coast Range Mountains, the California Trough, and the Sierra Nevada and caused the Basin and Range Structures (USGS, 2006a). 5.2.1.6 The California Trough and the structural basins in the Coast Range were filled with marine and terrestrial deposits in late Cenozoic that ranged from a few thousand to 50,000 feet in thickness. The grabens of the Basin and Range were filled with continental deposits and minor lava flows to thicknesses ranging from less than 2,000 feet to 50,000 feet (USGS, 2006a). 5.2.1.7 The Victorville PBRs are located within the eastern Mojave Desert Section of the Basin and Range physiographic province. The Mojave Desert is outlined by the San Andreas Fault on the south and the Garlock Fault on the north. The right lateral slip on the San Andreas and the left-lateral slip on the Garlock indicate the Mojave block is moving relatively east. 5.2.1.8 The eastern portion of the Mojave Desert is characterized by basins and open valleys between mountainous masses. In the southern part, the mountains and 5-2 CHAPTER 5 PBR 1REV.DOC REV. 2 CONTRACT W912DY-04-D-0005, DELIVERY ORDER 0009 3/13/2008 FINAL valleys have a northwest alignment. In the northern half, this alignment is non-existent (CEMVS, 1995). 5.2.1.9 There are many faults in the area. Most of which are aligned in a northwest-southeast direction. Evidence suggests that there existed in the Mojave Desert during one or more of the pluvial Pleistocene ages a number of lakes now represented by playas or salines. Two or three such systems existed (CEMVS, 1995). 5.2.1.10 Various deformational structures, including faults, anticlinal folds, and monoclinal flexures, are present in the Mojave River Basin. These particular structures are manifested by truncated or tilted topographic and stratigraphic surfaces that can be observed in the field, as well as by scarps and other linear features visible on aerial photographs. The Helendale Fault is the westernmost in a series of long, northwest- striking Quaternary-age faults that traverse the southern Mojave Desert. The northwest- flowing Mojave River intersects the Helendale Fault at nearly right angles. The Helendale Fault includes an irregular zone of discontinuous, overlapping fault strands with varying west-northwest to north-northwest trends (USGS, 2003). 5.2.2 Regional Hydrogeologic Setting 5.2.2.1 Groundwater in Segment 1 is contained in five major aquifers, four of which consist mostly of basin-fill deposits that occupy structural depressions caused by deformation of the Earth’s crust. The Basin and Range aquifers are located in an area that comprises the southern California desert and most of Nevada. Consisting primarily of unconsolidated alluvial-fan deposits, the water-yielding materials in this area are in valleys and basins. Flood plain and lacustrine (lake) beach deposits might also yield water to wells in the region. Carbonate and consolidated volcanic rocks that underlie the unconsolidated alluvium are a source of water if the rocks are sufficiently fractured or have solution openings (USGS, 2006a). 5.2.2.2 Groundwater is generally under unconfined, or water-table, conditions at the margins of the basins, but as the unconsolidated deposits become finer grained (towards the center of the basins), the water becomes confined (USGS, 2006a). 5.2.2.3 Basins may be hydraulically connected by fractures or solution openings in the underlying bedrock. Such multiple-basin systems end in a terminal discharge area (sink) from which water leaves the flow system by evaporation. Additionally, several valleys or basins may develop surface-water drainage that hydraulically connects the basins, and groundwater will flow between the basins, primarily through unconsolidated alluvial stream/flood plain sediments (USGS, 2006a). 5.2.2.4 The site footprint is included in the Mojave River groundwater basin which extends from the San Bernardino and the San Gabriel Mountains in the south, to north of Harper and Coyote Lakes (dry) and is approximately 1,400 square miles (miles2). The basin is bordered on the west by Antelope Valley, the Lucerne Valley to the southeast, Afton Canyon to the northeast (it shares its southeastern boundary with the Morongo groundwater basin).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Eclamx
    ECLAMX ION Managing Water in the West ~\~ Nalional Environmental Policy Actt 9\' ~l! FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT a\' <!J\ No. 10-SCAO-002-FONSI Upper Mojave River Groundwater Regional Recharge and Recovery Project and Oro Grande Groundwater Recharge Project San Bernardino County, California The Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) is providing American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funds to the Mojave Water Agency (MWA) to implement two components of their Integrated Regional Water Management Plan in San Bernardino County, California. The projects will install groundwater wells, pipelines, reservoir storage tanks, a pump station, and a chlorination facility for aquifer storage and recovery using California State Water Project supplies and the Mojave River groundwater basin. Financial assistance agreements have been prepared for the Oro Grande Groundwater Recharge Project (Oro Grande Project) and for the first phase of the Upper Mojave River Groundwater Regional Recharge and Recovery Project (R3 Project). Additional phases of the R3 Project may be funded in the future. Based on our review of the attached Environmental Assessment (EA) and other supporting documents including an Environmental Impact Report (EIR), State Clearinghouse No. 2005041103, prepared under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), we have determined that the proposed action does not constitute a major Federal action which would significantly affect the quality of the human environment within the meaning of Section 102(2) (C) of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA). Accordingly, preparation of an environmental impact statement on the proposed action is not required. l~t~jQ~j~·- Recommended: uc4: ' Date: Doug McPherson, Environmental Protection Specialist I 91?(~ Date: 11-~" 0 Reviewed By: 2 '7 Dennis Wolfe, :AJOea Engineer Approved: _~~~~\-¥-!~~ Date: I~'" 9- 07 U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • A Watershed Management Approach to Assessment of Water Quality And
    A Watershed Management Approach to Assessment Of Water Quality and Development of Revised Water Quality Standards for the Ground Waters of the Mojave River Floodplain Christopher R. Maxwell Christopher R. Maxwell is an Associate Geologist with SECOR International Incorporated. Mr. Maxwell has a B.S. degree in Geology from California State Polytechnic University at Pomona. He previously worked for the California Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) for ten years, where his duties included management of watershed activities for the Mojave Watershed. His professional experience includes regulatory involvement in activities related to landfills, mines, dairies, underground storage tanks, sewage treatment plants, military installations and ground water recharge projects. Mr. Maxwell has other publications with topics including natural attenuation, bioremediation and site investigation and remediation. Abstract The Mojave River watershed is located in the arid high-desert region of Southern California in San Bernardino County. In the 1970s and 1980s the Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) established numerical water quality objectives (WQOs) for several locations in the watershed. Because the Mojave River flows underground for much of its 120 miles, some of the numerical WQOs apply to both surface waters and ground waters. In 1996 the RWQCB assembled a watershed management team of local stakeholders for the Mojave Watershed. A primary goal identified by the stakeholders was to assess the current state of water quality for the Mojave River system. A possible long-term goal is the development of total maximum daily loads as required by the Clean Water Act (CWA). The Mojave River is listed as a water quality limited segment in accordance with Section 303(d) of the CWA.
    [Show full text]
  • Location Hydraulic Study Report
    Mojave River Bridge at Yucca Loma Road Town of Apple Valley and City of Victorville San Bernardino County, California Location Hydraulic Study Report Prepared for: Prepared by: and February 2009 Location Hydraulic Study Report Mojave River Bridge at Yucca Loma Road Town of Apple Valley and City of Victorville, San Bernardino County, California Table of Contents Executive Summary........................................................................................................... iv Acronyms........................................................................................................................... vi 1 General Description............................................................................................ 1 1.1 Project Description...............................................................................................1 1.1.1 No-Build Alternative......................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 Build Alternative ............................................................................................... 1 1.2 Need for Project ...................................................................................................5 1.3 Project History.....................................................................................................5 1.4 Creek, Stream, and River Crossings ....................................................................5 1.4.1 Geographic Location ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Desert Serrano of the Mojave River
    The Desert Serrano of the Mojave River Mark Q. Sutton and David D. Earle Abstract century, although he noted the possible survival of The Desert Serrano of the Mojave River, little documented by “perhaps a few individuals merged among other twentieth century ethnographers, are investigated here to help un- groups” (Kroeber 1925:614). In fact, while occupation derstand their relationship with the larger and better known Moun- tain Serrano sociopolitical entity and to illuminate their unique of the Mojave River region by territorially based clan adaptation to the Mojave River and surrounding areas. In this effort communities of the Desert Serrano had ceased before new interpretations of recent and older data sets are employed. 1850, there were survivors of this group who had Kroeber proposed linguistic and cultural relationships between the been born in the desert still living at the close of the inhabitants of the Mojave River, whom he called the Vanyumé, and the Mountain Serrano living along the southern edge of the Mojave nineteenth century, as was later reported by Kroeber Desert, but the nature of those relationships was unclear. New (1959:299; also see Earle 2005:24–26). evidence on the political geography and social organization of this riverine group clarifies that they and the Mountain Serrano belonged to the same ethnic group, although the adaptation of the Desert For these reasons we attempt an “ethnography” of the Serrano was focused on riverine and desert resources. Unlike the Desert Serrano living along the Mojave River so that Mountain Serrano, the Desert Serrano participated in the exchange their place in the cultural milieu of southern Califor- system between California and the Southwest that passed through the territory of the Mojave on the Colorado River and cooperated nia can be better understood and appreciated.
    [Show full text]
  • Upper Mojave River Groundwater Basin Dynamics
    ABC’s Of Water... As you are taking your seats please take a moment to look at the items on display (Look but don’t touch!) Going Subterranean in the Desert: The Story of Groundwater Recharge ABC’s of Water March 27, 2018 Why did I decide to work in Water? Why do I still work in Water? Introduction Geology Groundwater Aquifers Groundwater Basins Water Quality Groundwater Resources Groundwater Recharge But first… Pre-Presentation Review Soil Types Well Models Aquifer Model Soil Types Well Models Groundwater Model What Lies Beneath? Regional Geology Tectonic Environment Eastern California Shear Zone Local Basins Hydrogeology Hydrogeology What is groundwater? What is a groundwater basin? What is Groundwater? Ground Water Groundwater Basin Conceptual Local basins Why “ours” are so cool (later) Aquifer – Bathtub Local Basins 1. AMES VALLEY 13. GOLDSTONE VALLEY 25. LUCERNE VALLEY 2. ANTELOPE VALLEY 14. GRASS VALLEY 26. MEANS VALLEY 3. BESSEMER VALLEY 15. HARPER VALLEY 27. MIDDLE MOJAVE RIVER VALLEY 4. CAVES CANYON VALLEY 16. INDIAN WELLS VALLEY 28. MORONGO VALLEY 5. COPPER MOUNTAIN VALLEY 17. IRON RIDGE AREA 29. PILOT KNOB VALLEY 6. COYOTE LAKE VALLEY 18. JOHNSON VALLEY - SOGGY LAKE 30. SALT WELLS VALLEY 7. CRONISE VALLEY 19. JOHNSON VALLEY - UPPER 31. SEARLES VALLEY 8. CUDDEBACK VALLEY JOHNSON VALLEY 32. SUPERIOR VALLEY 9. DEADMAN VALLEY - 20. JOSHUA TREE DEADMAN LAKE 33. TWENTYNINE PALMS 21. KANE WASH AREA VALLEY 10. DEADMAN VALLEY - SURPRISE SPRING 22. LANGFORD VALLEY - 34. UPPER MOJAVE RIVER LANGFORD WELL LAKE VALLEY 11. EL MIRAGE VALLEY 23. LOST HORSE VALLEY 35. UPPER SANTA ANA VALLEY 12. FREMONT VALLEY - CAJON 24.
    [Show full text]
  • Monitoring and Analysis of Erosion and Deposition in the Desert Knolls Wash
    California State University, San Bernardino CSUSB ScholarWorks Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations Office of aduateGr Studies 12-2015 MONITORING AND ANALYSIS OF EROSION AND DEPOSITION IN THE DESERT KNOLLS WASH Samson Rajan Lamech California State University - San Bernardino Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd Recommended Citation Lamech, Samson Rajan, "MONITORING AND ANALYSIS OF EROSION AND DEPOSITION IN THE DESERT KNOLLS WASH" (2015). Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations. 263. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/263 This Project is brought to you for free and open access by the Office of aduateGr Studies at CSUSB ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of CSUSB ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MONITORING AND ANALYSIS OF EROSION AND DEPOSITION IN THE DESERT KNOLLS WASH A Project Presented to the Faculty of California State University, San Bernardino In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Earth and Environmental Sciences by Samson Rajan Lamech December 2015 MONITORING AND ANALYSIS OF EROSION AND DEPOSITION IN THE DESERT KNOLLS WASH A Project Presented to the Faculty of California State University, San Bernardino by Samson Rajan Lamech December 2015 Approved by: Dr. Norman Meek, Committee Chair, Geography and Environmental Studies Dr. Brett Stanley, Committee Member Dr. Rajrani Kalra, Committee Member © 2015 Samson Rajan Lamech ABSTRACT The goal of this Project was to monitor and measure ongoing changes in the geomorphology of one reach of The Desert Knolls Wash (DKW), an unstable ephemeral stream channel in Apple Valley, California.
    [Show full text]
  • On Extracting Sediment Transport Information from Measurements of Luminescence in River Sediment
    On extracting sediment transport information from measurements of luminescence in river sediment Harrison J. Gray1,2*, Gregory E. Tucker2, Shannon A. Mahan1, Chris McGuire3, Edward J. Rhodes3,4 1 Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) and Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado – Boulder, CO 2 U.S. Geological Survey Luminescence Geochronology Laboratory, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 3 Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 4Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom *corresponding author: [email protected] KEY POINTS We develop a model coupling sediment transport of fine sand and luminescence, in order to explain the patterns of luminescence observed in river sediment The model successfully reproduces the patterns of luminescence measurements in river systems Best-fit values from the model produce sediment transport information for fine sand within orders of magnitude from other river systems ABSTRACT Accurately quantifying sediment transport rates in rivers remains an important goal for geomorphologists, hydraulic engineers, and environmental scientists. However, current techniques for measuring transport rates are laborious, and formulae to predict transport are notoriously inaccurate. Here, we attempt to estimate sediment transport rates using luminescence, a property of common sedimentary minerals that is used by the geoscience community for geochronology. This method is advantageous because of the ease of measurement on ubiquitous quartz and feldspar sand. We develop a model based on conservation of energy and sediment mass to explain the patterns of luminescence in river channel sediment from a first- principles perspective. We show that the model can accurately reproduce the luminescence observed in previously published field measurements from two rivers with very different sediment transport styles.
    [Show full text]
  • Physical and Temporal Isolation of Mountain Headwater Streams in the Western Mojave Desert, Southern California1
    JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION Vol. 43, No. 1 AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION February 2007 PHYSICAL AND TEMPORAL ISOLATION OF MOUNTAIN HEADWATER STREAMS IN THE WESTERN MOJAVE DESERT, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA1 John A. Izbicki2 ABSTRACT: Streams draining mountain headwater areas of the western Mojave Desert are commonly physic- ally isolated from downstream hydrologic systems such as springs, playa lakes, wetlands, or larger streams and rivers by stream reaches that are dry much of the time. The physical isolation of surface flow in these streams may be broken for brief periods after rainfall or snowmelt when runoff is sufficient to allow flow along the entire stream reach. Despite the physical isolation of surface flow in these streams, they are an integral part of the hydrologic cycle. Water infiltrated from headwater streams moves through the unsaturated zone to recharge the underlying ground-water system and eventually discharges to support springs, streamflow, isolated wetlands, or native vegetation. Water movement through thick unsaturated zones may require several hundred years and subsequent movement through the underlying ground-water systems may require many thousands of years – contributing to the temporal isolation of mountain headwater streams. (KEY TERMS: hydrologic cycle; infiltration; recharge; vadose zone; surface water ⁄ ground-water interactions; arid lands.) Izbicki, J.A., 2007. Physical and Temporal Isolation of Mountain Headwater Streams in the Western Mojave Desert, Southern California. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 43(1):26-40. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00004.x INTRODUCTION have discussed the extent of ‘‘waters of the United States,’’ including streams in arid areas that are iso- lated from larger hydrologic systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Supply in the Mojave River Ground-Water Basin, 1931-99, And
    Water Supply in the Mojave River Ground-Water Basin, 1931-99, and the Benefits of Artificial Recharge The Mojave River and the associated aquifer system are important water supplies in the Mojave Desert of southern California. The river and aquifer system are in hydraulic connec- tion in many areas, and when flow conditions change in one, the other usually is affected. The river is an unpredictable source of water; therefore, residents of the basin rely almost entirely on ground water for their water supply. This reliance on ground water has resulted in overdraft conditions that have caused water-level declines, changes in the quantity and spa- tial distribution of recharge from the Mojave River, and loss of riparian habitat. The U.S. Geo- logical Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Mojave Water Agency (MWA), has completed several studies to determine the likely effects of overdraft on the ground-water and surface- water relations along the Mojave River. This report summarizes those studies, highlighting some of the simulation results from a ground-water flow model, and describes the ground- water and surface-water conditions of the Mojave River Basin. 117 30' 117 00' 116 30' Mojave River Ground-Water ° ° ° Mojave River 0 20 MILES Basin Surface-Water 0 20 KILOMETERS Kern Co Kern Drainage Basin Mojave River Regional aquifer The Mojave River ground-water San Bernardino Co Ground-Water Floodplain aquifer basin is in the western part of the Basin Mojave Desert and is about 80 Coyote miles northeast of Los Angeles, Lake California. The basin encompasses 35 Harper Baja ° Lake Afton about 1,400 square miles and is 00' 15 Canyon Centro subarea divided into six management sub- subarea Barstow areas: Oeste, Este, Alto, Transition zone of the Alto (hereinafter refer- Mojave River Channel Troy Iron red to as the Transition zone sub- Mtn Lake Newberry 40 area), Centro, and Baja (fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix D Mojave River Exhibit
    APPENDIX D MOJAVE RIVER EXHIBIT Floor Unit The floor unit will be a free-standing, three dimensional representation of the Mojave River and adjacent lands. Pleistocene lakes and present day features will be labeled. See Figure 1. Four horizontal panels will be attached to the floor unit. Two large vertical panels will be adjacent to the floor unit. One will be the modified existing panel on Afton Canyon and Pleistocene Lake Manix. Figure 1. Map For Floor Unit (after Automobile Club of Southern California, 2002; Reheis, et al, 2015). D-1 Panels Adjacent to Floor Unit The four panels mounted on the sides of the floor unit will contain addition information about subjects related to the Mojave Desert, both during the Pleistocene and Holocene. The four panels going clockwise from the top of the exhibit will discuss thermoregulation by the shasta ground sloth (Nothrotheriops shastensis), eolian activity, the flood plain aquifer, and gold processing. Each panel will contain text and diagrams. Free Standing Panels The existing panel with information on Afton Canyon and Lake Manix is shown in figure 2. The heading will be changed to "The Mojave: the River that Grew in Your Own Backyard". Otherwise, it will be unchanged. The text of the existing panel is difficult to read in Figure 2; its text is given below: Afton Canyon: During the later part of the Pleistocene Epoch, Lake Manix extended eastwards as far as Cave Mountain and the Cady Mountains, just west of Soda Lake. After approximately 21,000 years ago, as the last glacial pulse of the Ice Ages was waning, Lake Manix overtopped its eastern threshold and catastrophically drained to the east, forming a new lake - Pleistocene Lake Mojave.
    [Show full text]
  • Radiocarbon Dating of Anodonta in the Mojave River Basin
    Radiocarbon Dating of Anodonta in the Mojave River Basin Item Type Proceedings; text Authors Berger, Rainer; Meek, Norman Citation Berger, R., & Meek, N. (1992). Radiocarbon dating of Anodonta in the Mojave River basin. Radiocarbon, 34(3), 578-584. DOI 10.1017/S0033822200063852 Publisher Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona Journal Radiocarbon Rights Copyright © by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona. All rights reserved. Download date 26/09/2021 20:38:19 Item License http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Version Final published version Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/653393 [RADIOCARBON, VOL. 34, No. 3, 1992, P. 578-584] RADIOCARBON DATING OF ANODONTA IN THE MOJAVE RIVER BASIN RAINER BERGER Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, and Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024 USA and NORMAN MEEK Department of Geography, California State University, San Bernardino, California 92407 USA 14C 14C ABSTRACT. A 450-year correction is required to make Anodonta dates comparable to dates on other materials 14C in the Mojave River basin. The internal stratigraphic consistency of 34 conventional dates on Anodonta in this drainage 14C basin indicates that such dates are usually reliable. The validity of most conventional dates in the Mojave River basin may be a product of the basin's crystalline bedrock in a region usually typified by thick Paleozoic carbonate sections. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND This paper presents the results of extensive radiocarbon dating, and the establishment of a correction term, for a freshwater pelecypod, Anodonta californiensis, in the Mojave River drainage basin of inland southern California (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Mojave River
    RIVER OF THE MONTH Mojave River A desert paradox, the Mojave River is mostly hidden underground during its hundred-mile course from the San Bernardino Mountains to Soda Lake, in the middle of the Mojave Desert. When the river does appear, it is seemingly out of the blue, either in a silty torrent after a mountain rainstorm, or along a few rare reaches where the bedrock pushes water to the surface. Where it does flow above ground, the Mojave brings abundant life to the desert in a stunning array of flora and fauna. Why It Matters One word: Water. So precious in the desert, the river is one of only a few sources of reliable water in the western Mojave ecosystem. People, too, increasingly rely on the Mojave River’s water, making it all the more important to preserve habitat in balance with the needs of rapidly growing communities. DAVE GIORDANO DAVE SCHYLER KIRSTA Fish Wildlife The Mohave Tui chub (pictured), Despite their aridity, deserts often the river’s only native fish, was teem with life. The Mojave is one nearly wiped out decades ago of them, with more than 1,000 but persists today thanks to plant species and 600 animal reintroduction efforts and the species. The Mojave River is key to preservation of rare stretches of the survival of many threatened river that flow above ground. The and sensitive species including 4.5 mile reach that WRC protected desert tortoise (pictured), last year is one such stretch where Cooper’s hawk, least Bell’s vireo the fish could be reintroduced.
    [Show full text]