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Yon Je Louvri: Reducing Vulnerability to Sexual Violence in Haiti's Yon Je Louvri: Reducing Vulnerability to Sexual Violence in Haiti’s IDP Camps ABOUT THE AUTHORS The Center for Human Rights and Global Justice (CHRGJ) brings together and expands the rich array of teaching, research, clinical, internship, and publishing activities undertaken within New York University (NYU) School of Law on international human rights issues. Philip Alston and Ryan Goodman are the Center’s Faculty co-Chairs; Sally Merry, Smita Narula, and Margaret Satterthwaite are Faculty Directors; and Veerle Opgenhaffen is Executive Director. The Global Justice Clinic (GJC) at NYU School of Law provides high quality, professional human rights lawyering services to individual clients and non-governmental and inter-governmental human rights organizations, partnering with groups based in the United States and abroad. Serving as legal advisers, counsel, co-counsel, or advocacy partners, Clinic students work side-by-side with human rights activists from around the world. The Clinic is directed by Professor Margaret Satterthwaite. From Fall 2010 to Spring 2011, the GJC was co-taught with Adjunct Assistant Professor Jayne Huckerby; in Fall 2011 it was co-taught with Adjunct Assistant Professor Sarah Knuckey, who is also teaching it in Spring 2012; Diana Limongi is Clinic Administrator. All publications and statements of the CHRGJ can be found at its website: www.chrgj.org. This Report should be cited as: Global Justice Clinic/Center for Human Rights and Global Justice, “Yon Je Louvri: Reducing Vulnerability to Sexual Violence in Haiti’s IDP Camps,” (New York: NYU School of Law, 2012). © 2012, NYU School of Law Center for Human Rights and Global Justice/Global Justice Clinic i Yon Je Louvri: Reducing Vulnerability to Sexual Violence in Haiti’s IDP Camps ACKNOWLEDGMENTS PROJECT DIRECTOR & PRIMARY INVESTIGATOR Margaret Satterthwaite, Director, Global Justice Clinic and Faculty Director, CHRGJ CO- INVESTIGATOR Veerle Opgenhaffen, Executive Director, CHRGJ PRINCIPAL AUTHORS OF THE REPORT Farrell Brody, Law Student Advocate, Global Justice Clinic Nikki Reisch, Law Student Advocate, Global Justice Clinic Margaret Satterthwaite, Professor of Clinical Law; Director, Global Justice Clinic Justin Simeone, Scholar in Residence, CHRGJ LEAD RESEARCH TEAM Farrell Brody: Lead, Survey and FGD Design and Implementation Ellie Happel: Lead, FGD Design and Survey Implementation Jean Roger Noel: Field Manager and Study Implementation Veerle Opgenhaffen: Study Design, Ethics, Survey and KII Implementation Nikki Reisch: Lead, Legal Analysis, KII Implementation Margaret Satterthwaite: Supervision, Study Design, Implementation, and Analysis Justin Simeone: Lead, Data Analysis, KII Implementation Daniel Tillias: Field Project Advisor and Study Implementation CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS Naila Awan, Law Student Advocate, Global Justice Clinic Isabelle Figaro, Law Student Advocate, Global Justice Clinic P. Scott Moses, Lecturer, University of Maryland College Park Rosa Raffaelli, Law Student Advocate, Global Justice Clinic NYU GLOBAL JUSTICE CLINIC CORE RESEARCH NYU LAW STUDENTS FOR HUMAN RIGHTS Greger Calhan: FGD Design RESEARCH ASSISTANCE Kelly Geoghegan: Ethics and IRB Review Francesca Corbacho Giulia Previti: Lead, Survey Design Harya Tarekgen Susan Hu: KII Design Trina Ng Emerson Sykes: KII Design and Implementation HAITI FIELD RESEARCH TEAM NYU CENTER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AND GLOBAL Michel-Ange Dagrain JUSTICE RESEARCH TEAM Jean Dider Deslorges Isabelle Bourgeois Mackenzy Dor Heather Gregorio Manassé Elusma Marleine Marcelin Jean Rony Emile Melissa Rowlett Junior Jean François Leah Seldin-Sommer Gloria Germain Jules Indieu UVA SCHOOL OF LAW INTERNATIONAL HUMAN Robenson JN.Julien RIGHTS CLINIC RESEARCH ASSISTANCE Occean Nephtalie Deena Hurwitz (Professor) Rose Mercie Saintilmont Suzanne Bradley Pierre Anderson Soulouque Vivian E. Kim Saint Hubert Talino Gary Lawkowski Jude Wesh Calleigh McRaith Lubens Desrosiers ii Yon Je Louvri: Reducing Vulnerability to Sexual Violence in Haiti’s IDP Camps ADVICE AND OTHER ASSISTANCE Richard Adrian, Columbia University Colette Lespinasse, GARR Julie Allcock, International Rescue Committee Diana Limongi, NYU GJC Dionissi Alpranis, Federal Reserve Bank, Cleveland Bea Lindstrom, BAI Gary Belkin, NYU School of Medicine Frank Lopresti, NYU Data Studio Blaine Bookey, CGRS Evan Lyon, Partners In Health Alain Charles, Patricia Fleming Fund Cate Oswald, Partners In Health Brian Concannon, IJDH Brad Parker, Madre/CUNY Lisa Davis, Madre/CUNY Jocie Philistin, KOFAVIV Eramithe Delva, KOFAVIV Andrew Rasmussen, NYU Langone Medical Nancy Dorsinville Center Fabienne Doucet, NYU, HaitiCorps Melissa Reese, NYU Data Studio Sarah Dougherty, IJDH AnnJanette Rosga, Transpositions Consulting Eddy Eustache, Zanmi Lasante Becky Ruthenburg Sister Mary Finnick, Matthew 25 House Mark Schneider, International Action Ties Annie Gell, BAI Mark Schuller, CUNY York College Tom Griffin, LAMP For Haiti Kim Seelinger, Sexual Violence and Accountability Meena Jagannath, BAI Project, UC Berkeley Human Rights Center Jude Jean, Zanmi Lasante Elizabeth Sepper, Center for Reproductive Rights Amanda Klasing, Human Rights Watch Jeena Shah, BAI Athena Kolbe, University of Michigan Margarette Tropnas, Dwa Fanm Stamatis Kotouzas, SAIS, Johns Hopkins University Malya Vaillard, KOFAVIV Sasha Kramer, SOIL Loune Viaud, Zanmi Lasante Lynn Lawry, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Audrey Watne, NYU CHRGJ Defense (Health Affairs) Ramona Vijeyarasa, ActionAid Wanja Laiboni, International Rescue Committee DATA ENTRY TRANSLATION CITE CHECKING Carolyn Conant Samuel Accius Naila Awan Andrew Gonzalez Valentina Alexandre Anthony Enriquez Becca Kemp Daphnée Charles Valerie Brender Jessica Pawlak MacKenzy Dor Emily Kennedy Elizabeth Slater Manassé Elusma Greger Calhan Ally Szakats Pierre Anderson Soulouque Aqeel Noorali Frédéric Virguier Francesca Corbacho FUNDING NYU’s Global Public Health Research Challenge Fund Individual Donors to the GJC Fundraiser of December 2010 The Global Justice Clinic, NYU School of Law In addition to the above-mentioned individuals, the GJC extends its deepest gratitude to all the individuals in Port-au-Prince who participated in the survey, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Without their willingness to generously share their time, patience, and insights, this Report would not have been possible. The GJC also wishes to thank the countless people who provided informal support to us throughout this project, including those who housed and fed us and are too numerous to list here. We also want to acknowledge that some information contained in this report draws on previous projects undertaken on the right to food and water in Haiti, which can be accessed in the following two reports: Sak Vid Pa Kanpe: The Impact of U.S. Food Aid on Human Rights in Haiti (2010) and Woch nan Soley: The Denial of the Right to Water in Haiti (2008). Both projects were collaborative efforts between the CHRGJ/GJC, Partners In Health, the RFK Center for Justice and Human Rights, and Zanmi Lasante. We are grateful for the tremendous groundwork these two reports provided for this project. iii Yon Je Louvri: Reducing Vulnerability to Sexual Violence in Haiti’s IDP Camps iv Yon Je Louvri: Reducing Vulnerability to Sexual Violence in Haiti’s IDP Camps This report is dedicated to the Haitian people—especially to the women and girls who continue to live in IDP camps some two years after the earthquake and struggle daily to achieve their most fundamental human rights. You are not forgotten. v Yon Je Louvri: Reducing Vulnerability to Sexual Violence in Haiti’s IDP Camps TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii TABLE OF CONTENTS vi LIST OF ENTITIES INTERVIEWED xi TABLE OF ACRONYMS xii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 I. The Catastrophe 1 II. The Relief Effort 1 III. From Relief to Recovery? Change and Continuity in Port-au-Prince 2 IV. Context 6 V. The Need for the Study 8 A. The Impetus for the Study: Reports of Sexual Violence in the IDP Camps 8 B. The GJC’s Contribution: An Interdisciplinary Human Rights Study 9 Notes 10 CHAPTER 2: STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS 16 I. A Rights-Based, Mixed Methods Approach 16 II. Quantitative Methods 16 A. Survey Development 17 B. Survey Components 17 1. Prevalence of Sexual Violence and Levels of Vulnerability 17 2. Vulnerability 18 3. Fear Perception 18 C. Data Collection 19 1. Question Typology 19 2. Sampling Procedure 20 D. Participant Characteristics 21 E. Analytical Strategy 22 1. Descriptive Observation 22 2. Analytical Examination 23 F. Survey Limitations 23 1. Sexual Violence 23 2. Vulnerability Factors 24 3. Representative Sampling 24 III. Qualitative Methods 25 A. Camp-Level Data 25 B. Focus Group Discussions 28 1. Focus 28 2. Process 28 3. Data Analysis 29 C. Key Informant Interviews 29 1. Focus 29 vi Yon Je Louvri: Reducing Vulnerability to Sexual Violence in Haiti’s IDP Camps 2. Process 29 3. Data Analysis 30 IV. Ethical Considerations 30 V. Conclusion 30 Notes 31 CHAPTER 3: REPORT FINDINGS 35 I. Victimization 35 A. Survey Findings 35 B. Key Informant Interviews 37 C. Secondary Research Before and After the Earthquake 39 II. A “Victim Profile” 41 III. Axes of Vulnerability 41 A. Age 41 B. Gender 43 C. Household Size 45 D. Access to Food 47 E. Access to Water 51 F. Access to Sanitation 53 G. Camp Governance 55 IV. Conclusions 60 Notes 61 FOCUS ON: ACCESS TO JUSTICE FOR VICTIMS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN HAITI 72 Notes 76 CHAPTER 4: FREEDOM FROM SEXUAL VIOLENCE: A HUMAN RIGHTS ANALYSIS 79 I. Introduction 79 II. Freedom from
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