Selective Extraction of Mercury and Antimony from Cinnabar-Stibnite Ore
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Stibnite Gold Project
STIBNITE GOLD PROJECT PAYETTE & BOISE NATIONAL FORESTS INTERMOUNTAIN REGION August 22, 2018 STIBNITE MINING DISTRICT, PAYETTE NATIONAL FOREST, KRASSEL RANGER DISTRICT Regarding Locatable Minerals , 36 CFR 228, Subpart A: requires the Forest Service to: "Where conflicting interests Respond to a mining plan, evaluate that plan must be reconciled, the Consider requirements to minimize adverse effects to the extent feasible question shall always be Comply with applicable laws, regulations and answered from the stand- standards for environmental protection point of the greatest good of Assure appropriate reclamation Further respond by following National Environmental the greatest number in the Policy Act (NEPA) processes. long run." - James Wilson, Secretary Per 36 CFR 228.4, the Forest Service is required to take of Agriculture, 1905 in a letter to Gifford action to ensure that “operations are conducted so as, Pinchot, 1st Chief of the Forest Service. where feasible, to minimize adverse environmental impacts on National Forest surface resources. 1 Table of Contents Project Context STIBNITE GOLD Project Location 4 Mining History at Stibnite 5 PROJECT Who is Midas Gold 6 Stibnite Plan of Operations PAYETTE & BOISE NATIONAL Proposed Mining Plan of FOREST - INTERMOUNTAIN REGION Operations 7 Open Pit Mining 8 Anadromous Fish - Tunnel 9 Inventoried Roadless Areas - Why is this project of interest to many Access and Powerline 10 people and organizations? Facilities During Mining Operations 10 5 million recoverable ounces of gold x -
Cinnabar and Mercury
CINNABAR AND MERCURY Specimens of bright-red cinnabar [mercury sulfide, HgS] have always attracted attention because of their color. While cinnabar (the name is of uncertain origin) usually occurs in granular or earthy forms, it sometimes forms distinctive, needle-like or tabular crystals with a quartz-like symmetry that are popular among mineral collectors. Cinnabar also has an unusual chemistry as one of the few mercury-containing minerals. Other collectible mercury minerals, all much less common than cinnabar, are livingstonite [mercury antimony sulfide, HgSb4S8], corderoite [mercury chlorosulfide, Hg3S2Cl2], coloradoite [mercury telluride, HgTe], and terlinguaite [mercury chlorate, Hg2ClO]. Cinnabar crystallizes in the trigonal (hexagonal) system, has a Mohs hardness of 2.0-2.5, and perfect cleavage in three directions. Among its unusual physical properties is a very high specific gravity of 8.0-8.2 that makes it the densest of all sulfide minerals. Because of its high density, cinnabar also has the highest index of refraction of any mineral—50 percent higher than that of diamond. From the standpoint of collecting, the most desirable and interesting cinnabar specimens are those with tiny, silvery droplets of elemental mercury. Mercury is named after the Roman god Mercurius; its chemical symbol, Hg, is from the Latin hydrargyrum, meaning “liquid silver.” Mercury forms on cinnabar specimens through an oxidation process in which oxygen combines with sulfur to produce sulfur dioxide and thus reduce the mercury to its elemental state. This reaction is easily demonstrated by placing a small piece of cinnabar in the oxidizing portion of a flame. Ranking 67th among the elements in crustal abundance, mercury is somewhat rare and only about as common as platinum. -
Influence of Sulfide, Chloride and Dissolved Organic Matter On
Chen et al. Sustainable Environment Research (2020) 30:22 Sustainable Environment https://doi.org/10.1186/s42834-020-00065-5 Research RESEARCH Open Access Influence of sulfide, chloride and dissolved organic matter on mercury adsorption by activated carbon in aqueous system Chi Chen, Yu Ting, Boon-Lek Ch’ng and Hsing-Cheng Hsi* Abstract Using activated carbon (AC) as thin layer capping to reduce mercury (Hg) released from contaminated sediment is a feasible and durable remediation approach. However, several aqueous factors could greatly affect the Hg fate in the aquatic system. This study thus intends to clarify the influences on Hg adsorption by AC with the presence of sulfide, dissolved organic matter (DOM), and chloride. The lab-scale batch experiments were divided into two parts, including understanding (1) AC adsorption performance and (2) Hg distribution in different phases by operational definition method. Results showed that the Hg adsorption rate by AC was various with the presence of sulfide, chloride, and DOM (from fast to slow). Hg adsorption might be directly bonded to AC with Hg-Cl and Hg-DOM complexes and the rate was mainly controlled by intraparticle diffusion. In contrast, “Hg + sulfide” result was better described by pseudo-second order kinetics. The Hg removal efficiency was 92–95% with the presence of 0–400 mM chloride and approximately 65–75% in the “Hg + sulfide” condition. Among the removed Hg, 24–29% was formed into aqueous-phase particles and about 30% HgwasadsorbedonACwith2–20 μM sulfide. Increasing DOM concentration resulted in more dissolved Hg. The proportion of dissolved Hg increased 31% by increasing DOM concentration from 0.25 to 20 mg C L− 1. -
Mercury Sulfide Dimorphism in Thioarsenate Glasses Mohammad Kassem, Anton Sokolov, Arnaud Cuisset, Takeshi Usuki, Sohayb Khaoulani, Pascal Masselin, David Le Coq, M
Mercury Sulfide Dimorphism in Thioarsenate Glasses Mohammad Kassem, Anton Sokolov, Arnaud Cuisset, Takeshi Usuki, Sohayb Khaoulani, Pascal Masselin, David Le Coq, M. Feygenson, C. J. Benmore, Alex Hannon, et al. To cite this version: Mohammad Kassem, Anton Sokolov, Arnaud Cuisset, Takeshi Usuki, Sohayb Khaoulani, et al.. Mer- cury Sulfide Dimorphism in Thioarsenate Glasses. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, American Chem- ical Society, 2016, 120 (23), pp.5278 - 5290. 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b03382. hal-01426924 HAL Id: hal-01426924 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01426924 Submitted on 5 Jan 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Article Mercury Sulfide Dimorphism in Thioarsenate Glasses Mohammad Kassem, Anton Sokolov, Arnaud Cuisset, Takeshi Usuki, Sohayb Khaoulani, Pascal Masselin, David Le Coq, Joerg C. Neuefeind, Mikhail Feygenson, Alex C Hannon, Chris J. Benmore, and Eugene Bychkov J. Phys. Chem. B, Just Accepted Manuscript • Publication Date (Web): 23 May 2016 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on May 23, 2016 Just Accepted “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication. They are posted online prior to technical editing, formatting for publication and author proofing. -
United States Patent (19) (11) 4,078,139 Barton Et Al
United States Patent (19) (11) 4,078,139 Barton et al. 45) Mar. 7, 1978 54 PROCESS FOR DEOXYGENATING SECONDARY ALCOHOLS OTHER PUBLICATIONS (75) Inventors: Derek H. R. Barton, London, Perkins, "J. Chem. Soc.,' No. 16, pp. 1574-1585, 1975. England; Stuart W. McCombie, West Hitoshi, et al., "Chem. Abst.," vol. 76, 1972, pp. 127, Orange, N.J. 293x. 73) Assignee: Schering Corporation, Kenilworth, Primary Examiner-Johnnie R. Brown N.J. Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Mary S. King; Stephen B. Coan 21 Appl. No.: 704,703 57 ABSTRACT 22) Filed: Jul. 12, 1976 The process for removing a secondary hydroxyl group from an organic compound having at least one second Related U.S. Application Data ary hydroxyl group and having any amino groups pro (63) Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 600,704, Jul. 31, 1975, tected, comprises the reaction of a reactive ester of said abandoned. secondary hydroxyl group selected from the group Int, Cl’....................... C07H 15/22; CO7J 31/00 consisting of an O-alkylthioester and an O-alkylseleno U.S. Cl. ................................... 536/17; 260/.397.2; ester with at least one mole of an organotin hydride, 260/.397.4; 260/.397.5; 260/429 R; 260/429.7; preferably tri-n-butylstannane, in an inert, aprotic sol 260/452; 260/455 R; 260/463; 260/596; vent at a temperature of at least about 100° C and under 260/603 R; 260/638 R; 260/666 R; 424/180; an inert atmosphere. 424/181; 424/182; 536/1; 536/4; 536/10; The process is particularly useful in removing second 536/26,536/115; 536/121; 560/106; 548/341 ary alcohols in aminoglycoside antibiotics to produce (58) Field of Search ...................... -
40 Common Minerals and Their Uses
40 Common Minerals and Their Uses Aluminum Beryllium The most abundant metal element in Earth’s Used in the nuclear industry and to crust. Aluminum originates as an oxide called make light, very strong alloys used in the alumina. Bauxite ore is the main source aircraft industry. Beryllium salts are used of aluminum and must be imported from in fluorescent lamps, in X-ray tubes and as Jamaica, Guinea, Brazil, Guyana, etc. Used a deoxidizer in bronze metallurgy. Beryl is in transportation (automobiles), packaging, the gem stones emerald and aquamarine. It building/construction, electrical, machinery is used in computers, telecommunication and other uses. The U.S. was 100 percent products, aerospace and defense import reliant for its aluminum in 2012. applications, appliances and automotive and consumer electronics. Also used in medical Antimony equipment. The U.S. was 10 percent import A native element; antimony metal is reliant in 2012. extracted from stibnite ore and other minerals. Used as a hardening alloy for Chromite lead, especially storage batteries and cable The U.S. consumes about 6 percent of world sheaths; also used in bearing metal, type chromite ore production in various forms metal, solder, collapsible tubes and foil, sheet of imported materials, such as chromite ore, and pipes and semiconductor technology. chromite chemicals, chromium ferroalloys, Antimony is used as a flame retardant, in chromium metal and stainless steel. Used fireworks, and in antimony salts are used in as an alloy and in stainless and heat resisting the rubber, chemical and textile industries, steel products. Used in chemical and as well as medicine and glassmaking. -
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Five- and Six-Membered Selena
290 RECENT ADVANCES IN THE SYNT HESIS OF FIVE - AND SIX - MEMBERED SELENA - HETEROCYCLES DOI: http://dx.medra.org/ 10.17374/targets.2021.24.290 D amiano Tanini * , Antonella Capperucci Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff ”, Università di Firenze , Via della Lastruccia 3 - 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze ) , Italy (e - mail: [email protected] ) Abstract. Organoselenium compounds play an increasingly important role in chemistry and biochemistry. Amongst the wide variety of selenium - containing systems, selena - heterocycles are versatile derivatives with broad applications in organic synthesis, catalysis, medicinal chemistry, and biology. In this context, taking into account the poor stability of most selenylating reagents or intermediates , the developm ent of simple, mild and ver satile synthetic methodologies towards functionalised selena - heterocycles remains an attractive yet challenging topic . This chapter will be focusing on recent advances on the synthesis of different classes of selenium - containing five - and six - member ed ring systems. Contents 1. I ntroduction 2. S ynthesis of heterocyc lic systems containing selenium 3. S ynthesis of heterocyclic systems containing selenium and nitrogen 4. S ynthesis of heterocyclic systems containing selenium and other heteroatoms (O, S, P) 5. C onclusion s and future outlook Acknowledgement s References 1. I ntroduction Selenium - containing small molecules occupy a central position in chemical science , with different application s in organic synthesis, material sciences and polymer chemistry . 1,2,3 Organoselenides are often employed as synthetic intermediates, ligands, and catalysts. 4,5,6,7 Furthermore, owing to their antioxidant, enzyme modulator, and anticancer properties, selenium - containing organic molecules play an increasingly important role in medicinal chemistry and biology. -
ECO PASSPORT by OEKO-TEX®
Edition 01.2020 Restricted Substance List: ECO PASSPORT by OEKO-TEX® OEKO-TEX® – International Association for Research and Testing in the Field of Textile and Leather Ecology. OEKO-TEX® Association | Genferstrasse 23 | CH-8002 Zurich Phone 41 44 501 26 00 | [email protected] | www.oeko-tex.com Restricted Substance List: ECO PASSPORT by OEKO-TEX® This document is an extensive list of all substances which are restricted for the ECO PASSPORT by OEKO-TEX®. Each substance is listed through CAS-number and chemical name as well as through its toxicological properties and other restricted substances lists and literature where they can be found. Below is a legend for the different toxicity abbreviation and a numbering of the different restricted substances lists and literature. Toxicity Abbreviations AA Acute Aquatic Toxicity IrS Skin Irritation AT Acute Mammalian Toxicity M Mutagenicity and Genotoxicity B Bioaccumulation N Neurotoxicity C Carcinogenicity P Persistence CA Chronic Aquatic Toxicity R Reproductive Toxicity D Developmental ToxicitY Rx Reactivity E Endocrine Activity SnS Skin Sensitization F Flammability SnR Respiratory Sensitization IrE Eye Irritation ST Systemic/Organ Toxicity 05.11.20 Edition 01.2020 2|82 Restricted Substance List: ECO PASSPORT by OEKO-TEX® List Numbering American Apparel & Footwear Association Restricted Subs- 1 30 MAK Mutagen tance List 2 AOEC - Asthmagens 31 MAK Pregnancy Risk 3 Boyes - Neurotoxicants 32 MAK Sensitizing 4 CA DTSC Candidate 33 OR DEQ - Priority Persistent Pollutants 5 CA Prop 65 34 OSPAR - Priority -
New Mineral Names*
AmericanMineralogM, Volume66, pages 1099-l103,IgEI NEW MINERAL NAMES* LouIs J. Cetnt, MrcHeer FtnrscHnn AND ADoLF Pnssr Aldermanlter Choloallte. I. R. Harrowficl4 E. R. Segnitand J. A. Watts (1981)Alderman- S. A. Williams (1981)Choloalite, CuPb(TeO3)z .HrO, a ncw min- ite, a ncw magnesiumalrrminum phosphate.Mineral. Mag.44, eral. Miaeral. Mag. 44, 55-51. 59-62. Choloalite was probably first found in Arabia, then at the Mina Aldermanite o@urs as minute, very thin" talc-likc crystallitcs La Oriental, Moctczuma, Sonora (the typc locality), and finally at with iuellite and other secondaryphosphates in the Moculta rock Tombstone, Arizona. Only thc Tombstone material provides para- phosphatc deposit near thc basc of Lower Cambrisn limestone genetic information. In this material choloalite occurs with cerus- close to Angaston, ca. 60 km NE of Adelaide. Microprobc analy- site, emmonsite and rodalquilarite in severcly brecciated shale that si.q supplcmented by gravimetric water determination gave MgO has been replaced by opal and granular jarosite. Wet chcmical E.4,CaO 1.2, AJ2O328.4, P2O5 25.9, H2O 36.1%,(totat 100),lead- analysisofcholoalitc from the type locality gave CuO 11.0,PbO ing to the formula Mg5Als2(POa)s(OH)zz.zH2O,where n = 32. 33.0,TeO2 50.7, H2O 3.4,total 98.1%,correspolding closcly to thc Thc powder diffraction pattern, taken with a Guinier camera, can formula in the titlc. Powder pattems of thc mineral from thc three be indexed on an orthorhombic. ccll with a = 15.000(7), D = localities can bc indexcd on the basis of a cubic ccll with a : 8.330(6),c - 26.60(l)A, Z = 2,D alc.2.15 from assumedcell con- l2.5l9A for the material from Mina La Oriental, Z: l2,D c,alc. -
Quicksilver-Antimony Deposits of Huitzuco, Guerrero, Mexico
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INXERIOR Harold L. Ickes, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director Bulletin 946-B QUICKSILVER-ANTIMONY DEPOSITS OF HUITZUCO, GUERRERO, MEXICO BY JAMES F. McALLISTER ANJ? DAVID HERNANDEZ ORTIZ Prepared in cooperation with the UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE MEXICO. INSTITUTO DE GEOLOGIA 'and SECRETARIA DE LA ECONOMIA NACIONAL DIRECCION GENERAL DE MINAS Y PETROLEO under the auspices of the INTERDEPARTMENTAL OOMMITTEE ON CULTURAL AND SCIENTIFIC COOPERATION, DEPARTMENT OF STATE Geolotic Investigations in the American Repul!lics, 1944 (Pages 49-71) UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1845 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Oftice, Wasblnlton 25,. D. C. · Price 75 cents I I CONTENTS Page Abstract ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 49 Introduction............................................... 49 History and production..................................... 52 Geology. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 53 Rock units •••••••••••••••••••••••••••·• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 55 Lim.estone •••••••• ••• ~............................... 55 Terrace gravel..................................... -55 Igneous rocks ••••••••••••••••••••••••• ·•••••••••• ; • • 58 Rocks formed by replacement........................ 58 Structure.............................................. 59 F'olds •..••_. • . • • • • . • • . • • . • . • . • . • . • • • • • . • • 60 Faults and other -
Mercury Transformation and Release from Contaminated Soil Following Perturbations in Solution Chemistry and Application of Polysulfide
Mercury Transformation and Release from Contaminated Soil Following Perturbations in Solution Chemistry and Application of Polysulfide by Matthew Corriveau A thesis Presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Earth Sciences Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2018 © Matthew Corriveau 2018 Author’s Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of this thesis, including any final required revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that this thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract Mercury (Hg) is a contaminant of concern due to the very high toxicity and bioaccumulating nature of organic Hg and the persistent leaching of Hg to water bodies from contaminated soils and sediments. The deleterious properties of Hg pose challenges for remediation as point source contamination can expand over time to affect much wider areas. Saturated, flow-through column experiments were conducted with riverbank sediment and floodplain soil collected from a contaminated reach of the South River near Waynesboro, VA. In one experiment, the composition of input solutions was varied to observe relationships among mobilized Hg, aqueous parameters and effluent constituents and identify dominant mechanisms and controls on Hg transport. Effluent Hg concentrations increased and remained elevated when a higher pH and alkalinity solution was input to the column. Effluent Hg and DOC concentrations were generally positively correlated. Increased effluent Hg concentrations broadly coincided with increased effluent iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) concentrations and redox (Eh) minima. The lowest effluent Hg concentrations were observed upon decreasing the input solution pH from ~8.7 to ~6, whereas an increase in input pH from ~6 to ~12 coincided with the highest effluent Hg concentrations along with spikes in effluent Fe, Mn and DOC concentrations. -
Survey of Mercury and Mercury Compounds
Survey of mercury and mercury compounds Part of the LOUS-review Environmental Project No. 1544, 2014 Title: Authors and contributors: Survey of mercury and mercury compounds Jakob Maag Jesper Kjølholt Sonja Hagen Mikkelsen Christian Nyander Jeppesen Anna Juliana Clausen and Mie Ostenfeldt COWI A/S, Denmark Published by: The Danish Environmental Protection Agency Strandgade 29 1401 Copenhagen K Denmark www.mst.dk/english Year: ISBN no. 2014 978-87-93026-98-8 Disclaimer: When the occasion arises, the Danish Environmental Protection Agency will publish reports and papers concerning research and development projects within the environmental sector, financed by study grants provided by the Danish Environmental Protection Agency. It should be noted that such publications do not necessarily reflect the position or opinion of the Danish Environmental Protection Agency. However, publication does indicate that, in the opinion of the Danish Environmental Protection Agency, the content represents an important contribution to the debate surrounding Danish environmental policy. While the information provided in this report is believed to be accurate, the Danish Environmental Protection Agency disclaims any responsibility for possible inaccuracies or omissions and consequences that may flow from them. Neither the Danish Environmental Protection Agency nor COWI or any individual involved in the preparation of this publication shall be liable for any injury, loss, damage or prejudice of any kind that may be caused by persons who have acted based on their understanding of the information contained in this publication. Sources must be acknowledged. 2 Survey of mercury and mercury compounds Contents Preface ...................................................................................................................... 5 Summary and conclusions ......................................................................................... 7 Sammenfatning og konklusion ................................................................................ 14 1.