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Sportsmanship, Gamesmanship, and Cheating

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Sportsmanship, Gamesmanship, and Cheating © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Robert Daly/OJO© Jones images/Getty Images. & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION CHAPTER 2 © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FORSportsmanship, SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning,Gamesmanship, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION and Cheating © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION age by using text messaging to get answers or ▸ How People Win “Googling” during exams. Everyone likes to win! Adults and children Cheating in one’s private life ultimately leads to negative outcomes for the cheater © Jones &alike Bartlett enjoy the Learning, exuberance ofLLC winning, but it © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC is also clear that some people like to win more while affecting other people and business inter- NOT FORthan SALE others. OR The DISTRIBUTION subject of this chapter is how ests. CheatingNOT in FOR one’s SALEpersonal ORlife can DISTRIBUTION trans- people win. Should we concern ourselves with late to lost income—this can certainly occur how people get into the winner’s circle, or by if you are a world-class athlete. Professional what means they use to prevail? After all, no Golf Association (PGA) golfer Tiger Woods’ one remembers who finished second in the marital infidelities were splashed across world © Jones & Bartlett Learning,Super Bowl. LLC © Jonesheadlines & Bartlett when Learning,his conduct LLCwas exposed. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTIONCheating, rule breaking coupled withNOT the FORSince SALE he is one OR of theDISTRIBUTION most famous people in intent to avoid detection, violates the norma- the world, this was considered newsworthy, tive principle of honesty. Why do people cheat and it cost him dearly. His celebrity endorse- in general and what nonmoral values drive ments decreased by an estimated $22 million in 2010. Most celebrity and athlete endorse- people© to Jones cheat? Cheating & Bartlett occurs Learning,outside of the LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC sports world, such as by students in colleges ment contracts contain moral clauses; after the and universities—theyNOT FOR SALE may ORsee others DISTRIBUTION doing Woods scandal, insurers wereNOT inundated FOR SALEwith OR DISTRIBUTION it and want to “level the playing field”—while inquiries from corporations anxious to protect others do it out of ignorance or simply the their name and brands. Dan Trueman, head desire to avoid doing work. One example that of the enterprise risk department at R.J. Kiln © Jones &is notBartlett always Learning,well understood LLC by college stu- and Company,© Jones the managing & Bartlett agent Learning, for Lloyd LLC dents is plagiarism. Students have also found of London Insurance Company, said, “Tiger NOT FORcreative SALE ways OR toDISTRIBUTION cheat in the technological Woods NOThas made FOR people SALE think OR about DISTRIBUTION their © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC.© NOTJones FOR SALE& Bartlett OR DISTRIBUTION Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 12 Chapter 2 Sportsmanship, Gamesmanship, and Cheating reputations. These days, people don’t worry about competition, with athletes competing on about the office© Jones burning & down,Bartlett but Learning,instead the LLC field, court, or ice to determine© Jonesa winner. & Bartlett Learning, LLC about their NOTintellectual FOR property SALE being OR DISTRIBUTIONdam- Winning is the most important goalNOT of an FOR ath- SALE OR DISTRIBUTION aged.” The stock price of seven publicly held lete at all levels of competition, especially as a companies that had dealt with Woods lost professional. What club owner is going to toler- approximately $12 billion in market value in ate a player who does not do everything within the months after he announced he was taking his or her power to win? Certainly, sports can © Jonesa break & from Bartlett golf.1 There Learning, is no doubt LLC that, in be played on a ©non-competitive Jones & Bartlett basis just Learning, for LLC NOTsome FOR cases, SALE personal OR unethical DISTRIBUTION behavior affects fun; however, evenNOT a pickupFOR SALEbasketball OR game DISTRIBUTION others and also has a direct effect on business. among friends can be fiercely competitive. Why do people cheat in sports and what Competition in most sports is a zero-sum is their motivation? Some of the reasons for game—there has to be a winner and a loser. the unethical behavior of athletes, owners, and Furthermore, competitive sports have a set of © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC coaches are: rules players must abide by during the game. If NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION ■ An overemphasis on winning, which fos- a player violates the rules to win, many will say ters a “winning at all costs” attitude. that the player did not “legally win” because he ■ Participants in the sports industry seek or she failed to play by the rules. Most fans do not prestige or financial wealth. like cheaters, but what about those players who ■ Athletes© are Jones pressured & Bartlett to perform Learning, at a straddle LLC the line between fair play and© Jones cheating? & Bartlett Learning, LLC One example of gamesmanship is trash talking. higher levelNOT by FOR coaches, SALE universities, OR DISTRIBUTION par- NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION ents, and alumni. Perhaps the most infamous trash talking state- ■ A lack of emphasis on sportsmanship and ment was made by boxer Mike Tyson: “When teamwork at amateur levels. I’m ready I’m going to rip out his heart and feed ■ The lack of role models in sports, although it to him. My style is impetuous, my defense © Jonesmany & Bartlett believe athletes Learning, should not LLC serve as is impregnable ©and Jones I’m just & ferocious. Bartlett I wantLearning, LLC NOT FORrole SALE models. OR DISTRIBUTION your heart. I wantNOT to eatFOR your SALE children. OR Praise DISTRIBUTION ■ The “commercialization” of sports partici- be to Allah.” The overwhelming majority of pants at the collegiate level. high schools, along with the National Collegiate ■ A misplaced emphasis on the significance Athletic Association (NCAA), prohibit trash of sports in society in general. talking and “excessive celebration.” Nevertheless, © Jones & Bartlett Learning,Most everyone LLC in sports would consider © athletesJones continue & Bartlett to berate, Learning, trash talk, showboat, LLC NOT FOR SALE ORcheating DISTRIBUTION to be ethically or morally wrong. NOTand needleFOR theirSALE opponents, OR DISTRIBUTION hoping to gain an Gamesmanship, however, occupies a gray area edge—but the remarks are sometimes inciting, between good sportsmanship and outright profane, offensive, or demeaning. cheating. Gamesmanship utilizes legal tactics Other examples of gamesmanship include that are morally dubious and are designed to taking an inordinate amount of time between unsettle opponents—these© Jones & tacticsBartlett usually Learning, are points LLC in a tennis match and calling© anJones unnec -& Bartlett Learning, LLC not technicallyNOT against FOR the rules.SALE With OR millions DISTRIBUTION essary time-out to “freeze” an opponentNOT beforeFOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION of dollars at stake at the professional and col- a crucial foul shot in basketball or a field goal legiate levels, gamesmanship can sometimes in football. The strategic foul is also a form of take precedence over sportsmanship. gamesmanship which may be committed to pre- Former National Football League (NFL) vent an opponent from scoring an easy layup. © Jonesplayer &Bob Bartlett Whitfield Learning, said, “Everybody LLC cheats. Unlike outright ©cheating, Jones these & typesBartlett of fouls Learning, are LLC NOTAfter FOR that SALE initial OR handshake, DISTRIBUTION anything goes. openly committedNOT in the FOR expectation SALE that OR a pen DISTRIBUTION- The code of honor and respect probably ends alty will be imposed. What about a manager who when they toss the coin.”2 After all, sports are intentionally gets himself ejected from a game to © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC.© NOTJones FOR SALE& Bartlett OR DISTRIBUTION Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION How People Win 13 motivate his team?3 Gamesmanship tactics are, it with those virtues that often accompany the at a minimum,© Jones a &violation Bartlett of the Learning, spirit of the LLC sportsman. Our concern© is Jonesrather with & thoseBartlett Learning, LLC game,NOT but when FOR does SALE it cross ORover theDISTRIBUTION line from moral habits or qualitiesNOT which FORare essential, SALE OR DISTRIBUTION strategy to cheating? Are there certain times in which characterize the participant as a sports- sports when it is acceptable to intentionally break man. Examination reveals that there are some that are pivotal and absolutely essential; others the rules to try to win? Should players try to gain peripheral.7 an advantage any way they can, even if it means
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