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Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Irish Moss, {Carrageen Chondrus Crispus [Gigartinaceæ] Red Algea Demulcent. Moss] Bladder Wrack, [Rockweed, Fucus Vesiculosus [Fucaceæ] Seaweed Treat Obesity. Black Tang, Sea Oak, Cut Weed, Red Fucus, Rock Wrack] Ergot, [Rye Ergot Fungus] Claviceps Purpurea [Clavicipitaceæ] Fungus Vascular contractions of the arteries over the entire body. Ecbolic and Parturient. Treatment of insomnia. -- (Caution: Dangerous Properties – poisonous symptoms include dimness of vision, local anesthesia, and numbness.)-- Corn Smut, Ustilago Fungous growth on Zea Fungi Masses Parturient; Emmenagogue. Mays enveloping spores Larch Agaric / Purging [Polyporus Officinalis] Fungi Fries [growing Treating night sweats of pulmonary tuberculosis Agaric / White Agaric upon the larch] Surgeon’s Agaric Polyporus fumentarium Fungi Fries [of hoof- Used externally as a styptic in hemorrhage shaped bracket fungus (mushroom)] Surgeon’s Agaric Fungus Chirurgorum Fungi Fungus [that Used externally as a styptic in hemorrhage grows on beech and oak trees.] Compressed Yeast Cerevislae [Saccharomycetales] Organized ferment Treatment of eruption of boils [Brewer’s Yeast] (Saccharomyces) Iceland Moss Cetraria Islandica Lichenes Entire plant Demulcent and used in the advanced stages of tuberculosis when stronger remedies are unsuitable. Hair-Cap Moss, [Juniper Polytrichum Juniperum Polytrichaceæ Moss Powerful Diuretic. Beneficial in dropsy. Haircap Moss] [Polytrichum Juniperinum] Aspidium Dryopteris Filix-mas Filices [Oleoresin extract] Taenifuge. [Dryopteridaceæ] Rhizome [of Fern] Maidenhair, Adiantum Pedatum Filices Herb For chronic Catarrh. [Northern Maidenhair Fern, [Pteridaceæ] Five-Fingered Fern] Buckthorn Brake Osmunda Regalis Filices Root of Fern Demulcent; Styptic; Tonic. [Royal Fern] [Osmundaceæ] Penghawar, Paku-kidang Cibotium Filices Chaffy hairs and Used to stop the flow of blood from capillaries by [Cibotiaceæ] stems mechanical absorption of the serum. Polypody, Polypodium Vulgare Filices Leaves Expectorant in chronic catarrh, and asthma. [Common Polypody] [Polypodiaceæ]
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Scouring Rush [Rough Equisetum Hyemale Equisetaceæ Herb Diuretic; Astringent. Horsetail, Scouringrush Horsetail] Savine, [Savin Juniper, Juniperus Sabina Pinaceæ Tops [the young Irritant, acting especially as a uterine stimulant; Savin] [Cupressaceæ] and tender green Diuretic, Emmenagogue; Vermifuge. Used externally in shoots] ointment as a stimulant dressing for bruises. [Red Cedar, Eastern Red- Juniperus Virginiana Pinaceæ Tops Irritant, acting especially as a uterine stimulant; Cedar, Eastern Juniper, [Cupressaceæ] Diuretic, Emmenagogue; Vermifuge. Used externally in Pencil Cedar, Aromatic ointment as a stimulant dressing for bruises. Cedar] Arbor Vitæ, [White Cedar, Thuja Occidentalis Pinaceæ Tops Irritant, acting especially as a uterine stimulant; American Arbovitae, Swamp [Cupressaceæ] Diuretic, Emmenagogue; Vermifuge. Used externally in Cedar, False White Cedar] ointment as a stimulant dressing for bruises. White Pine, [Weymouth Pine, Pinus Strobus Pinaceæ Inner bark Emollient and Expectorant in chronic affections of the Soft Pine] air-passages. Juniper Berries, [Common Juniperus Communis Pinaceæ Fruit Stimulant and Diuretic. Chiefly used as an Adjuvant to Juniper] [Cupressaceæ] more powerful diuretics in dropsical complaints. Oil of Dwarf Pine Needle Pinus Montana Miller Pinaceæ Volatile Oil from Used as inhalant in Catarrh of the respiratory passages, Leaves chronic laryngitis and bronchitis, and used locally in treatments of chronic rheumatic affections and when added to either allays irritation and diminishes bronchial secretions. Juniper Tar Oil, Oil of Cade Juniperus Oxycedrus Pinaceæ Oil from Heart- Used mostly externally in the treatment of cutaneous [from Prickly Juniper, Prickly [Cupressaceæ] Wood diseases and as an insecticide. Cedar, Cade Cuniper, Cade] Hemlock Spruce Tsuga Canadensis Pinaceæ Bark Tonic and Astringent. [Eastern Hemlock] Tamarac, [Tamarack, Larix Americana Pinaceæ Bark Tonic and gentle Astringent. Its chief action being upon Hackmatack, Eastern Larch, [Larix Laricina] mucous membranes. Black Larch, Red Larch, American Larch] Venice Turpentine [from Larix Europaea Pinaceæ Oleoresin [from Externally Irritant and Rubefacient. Common Larch] [Cupressaceæ] pine wood] Oil of Turpentine, Spirits of Pinus Palustria Pinaceæ Oleoresin Stimulant; Diuretic; Hemostatic; occasionally Turpentine [from Longleaf [Pinus Palustris] Diaphoretic; in large doses Anthelmintic and Cathartic; Pine] externally Rubefacient, in rheumatism. As a Stimulant it is often beneficial in low forms of fever, and, when death is inevitable, to prolong life beyond the natural limit.
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Tar [from Longleaf Pine] Pinus Palustris Pinaceæ Oleoresin Stimulant; Irritant; Insecticide. The syrup is used in pulmonary affections. Canada Pitch, Hemlock Pitch Abies Canadensis Pinaceæ Oil from sap of Gentle Rubefacient and Stimulant in chronic rheumatism [from Hemlock Spruce] North American Hemlock Spruce Burgundy Pitch Oil [from Abies Excelsa Pinaceæ Oleoresin from Gentle Rubefacient and Stimulant in chronic rheumatism Norway Spruce] [Picea Abies] Norway Spruce Fir Oil of Amber [from fossil Oleum Succini Pinaceæ Volatile oil from Stimulant, Antispasmodic, and Irritant. resin] fossilized tree resin Kauri Gum Dammara Orientalis Pinaceæ Resin [from Vulnerary in skin diseases, leaving an adherent, [Agathis Dammara] [Araucariaceæ] fossilized kauri impervious, resinous varnish over the wound. trees (Agathis Australis)] Sandarac, [Sandarach, Callitris Quadrivalvis Pinaceæ Resin extruded Mild Stimulant Barbary Thuja, Thuja [Tetraclinis Articulata] [Cupressaceæ] from tree. Articulata] Ephedra Ephedra Antisyphilitica Gnetaceæ Herb Treat venereal diseases [Ephedraceæ] Couch-grass [Twitch, Quick Agropyron Repens, Gramineæ Rhizome Diuretic; Demulcent Grass, Dog Grass, Quitch [Elymus Repens] [Poaceæ] Grass, Quackgrass, Witchgrass, Scutch Grass] Vetivert, [Vetiver, Khus] Andropogon Muricatus, Gramineæ Root Tonic; Stimulant [Chrysopogon Zizanioides] [Poaceæ] Grape Sugar, Glucose Saccharum Uveum Gramineæ Sugar [produced Demulcent; Lenitive by enzymatic hydrolysis of starch from various plants] Corn-Silk, [Maize Silk] Zea Mays Gramineæ Styles and stigmas Mild Stimulant; Diuretic. [Poaceæ] Maize Oil Zea Mays Gramineæ Fixed oil Demulcent. [Poaceæ] Oatmeal, [Oat Groats] Avenæ Farinæ Gramineæ Starch Demulcent; Nutritive [Avena Sativa] [Poaceæ] Taro Flour Colocasia Esculenta Gramineæ Starch Recommended as a diet for dyspeptic and consumptive [Araceæ] patients.
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Barley Hordeum Distichum Gramineæ Fruit Nutritive. [Poaceæ] Barley Malt Hordeum Distichum Gramineæ Germinated seeds Demulcent; Nutritive. [Poaceæ] Guinea Rush, [Priprioca, Cyperus Articulatus Cyperaceæ Rhizome Check vomiting; Tonic. Jointed Flatsedge] Betel Nut, Areca Nut, [Indian Areca Catechu Palmæ, Seed of tree Taenifuge, Vermifuge. Nut, Pinang Palm] [Arecaceæ] Saw Palmetto, Sabal Serenoa Serrulata Palmæ Dried ripe fruit Tonic; Diuretic; Expectorant; and Sedative, used in [Serenoa repens] [Arecaceæ] neuralgic affections to allay irritation of mucous membranes, and in pulmonary affections. Sweet Flag, Calamus Acorus Calamus Aroideæ Rhizomes Carminative; Tonic. [Beewort, Flag Root, Bitter [Acoraceæ] Pepper Root, Gladdon, Myrtle Grass, Sweet Grass, Sweet Sedge, Pine Root] Skunk Cabbage, [Eastern Symplocarpus Foetidus Aroideæ Rhizomes Stimulant; Antispasmodic; and Narcotic – causing Skunk Cabbage, Swamp [Araceæ] nausea and vomiting, together with vertigo, headaches, Cabbage, Clumpfoot and dimness of vision. Used in asthma, whooping cough, Cabbage, Meadow Cabbage, nervous and convulsive affections, and hysteria; also in Foetid Pathos, Polecat Weed] chronic catarrh, chronic rheumatism, and bronchial and pulmonary affections. Indian Turnip, [Bog Onion, Arisaema Triphyllum Aroideæ Corms Stimulant to the secretions in asthma, whooping cough, Brown Dragon, American [Araceæ] chronic catarrh, and rheumatism. Wake Robin, Wild Turnip, Jack-in-the-Pulpit] Green Dragon Arisaema Dracontium Aroideæ Corms Diaphoretic and Expectorant in dry, hacking coughs [Dragon Root] [Araceæ] attended with irritation. Asiatic Day Flower Commelina Communis Commelinaceæ Plant Hemostatic and healing properties. Sarsaparilla Various species of Similax Liliaceæ Dried roots Antisyphilitic properties; treating scrofulous affections; [Catbriers, Greenbriers, [Smilacaceæ] blood purifier. Prickly-Ivy, Zarzaparilla] Lily of the Valley Convallaria Majalis Liliaceæ Dried rhizome A very active Diuretic especially in cardiac dropsy. [Asparagaceæ] American Hellebore Veratrum Viride Liliaceæ Dried rhizome Powerful cardiac depressant and spinal paralyzant. [Bear Corn, Corn Lilly, [Melanthiaceæ] Devils Corn, Devils Bite, Itchweed, poor Annie, Tickleweed]
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Cevadilla, Sabadilla Veratrum Sabadilla, Liliaceæ Seeds Powerful irritant; kill vermin in the hair. Asagraæ Officinalis Solomon’s Seal, [Smooth Polygonatum Biflorum and Liliaceæ Rhizome Tonic; Mucilaginous; and mildly Astringent. Used to Solomon’s Seal, Great Polygonatum Giganteum [Asparagaceæ] treat skin diseases, gout and rheumatism. Solomon’s Seal] False Unicorn, Helonias Chamælirium Luteum Liliaceæ Rhizome Tonic; Diuretic, Anthelmintic [Blazing-Star, Fairy Wand, [Melanthiaceæ] Devil’s Bit] Birthroot, Wake-Robin Trillium Erectum Liliaceæ Rhizome Emmenagogue; Emetic [Birthwort, Purple Trillium, [Melanthiaceæ] Beth Root, Stinking Benjamin] Asparagus Asparagus Officinalis Liliaceæ Rhizome Cardiac Sedative or Palliative; Diuretic, Laxative. [Asparagaceæ] Garlic Allium Sativum Liliaceæ Bulb Stimulant; Expectorant; Diaphoretic; and Diuretic. [Amaryllidaceæ] Squills, Scilla Urginea Maritima Liliaceæ Bulb Expectorant; Diuretic. In large doses acts as Emetic and [Sea Onion, Sea Squill, [Drimia Maritima] [Asparagaceæ] Cathartic [dangerous] Maritime Squill] Meadow Saffron [Autumn Colchicum Autumnale Liliaceæ Corm Gastro-intestinal irritant. Used to treat gout and Crocus, Naked Lady] [Colchicaceæ] rheumatism. Aloe Aloe Perryi, Aloe Vera, or Liliaceæ Inspissated Juices Cathartic; Emmenagogue. As a cathartic, aloes is slow Aloe Ferox [Xanthorrhoeaceæ] in action but certain, having a peculiar affinity for the large intestines; it has produced beneficial effects as a cholagogue. As an emmenagogue, it is extensively employed in amenorrhoea. Adder’s Tongue, Erythronium Americanum Liliaceæ Leaves Applied as a poultice to scrofulous tumors. Dog-Tooth Violet [Trout Lily, Yellow Dogtooth Violet] Starwort, Colic Root Aletris Farinosa Hæmodoraceæ Rhizome Bitter Tonic; Diuretic and Vermifuge. Used to treat [White Stargrass, Unicorn [Nartheciaceæ] uterine diseases. Root, Crow-Corn] Wild Yam Dioscorea Villosa Dioscoreaceæ Rhizome Expectorant; Diaphoretic; Antispasmodic; and a Stimulant to the intestinal canal. Valuable remedy in bilious colic. Blue Flag, [Purple Iris, Iris Versicolor Irideæ Rhizome Cholagogue; Cathartic; Alterative. Harlequin Blueflag, Poison [Iridaceæ] Flag, Northern Blue Flag]
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Orris Root Iris Florentina Irideæ Rhizome Cathartic; Diuretic. [Iridaceæ] Saffron Crocus Crocus Sativus Irideæ Stigmas Promotes eruption in measles, scarlet fever, and other [Autumn Crocus] [Iridaceæ] exanthematous diseases. Ginger, [Ginger Root] Zingiber Officinale Scitamineæ Rhizomes Stimulant, Carminative; and Stomachic. It relieves [Zingiberaceæ] abdominal cramps. Useful in diarrhea mixtures. As a Rubefacient, used to relieve colic, headaches, myalgia, neuralgia, etc. Galanga, Galangal Alpinia Officinarum Scitamineæ Rhizomes Stimulant, Carminative; and Stomachic. It relieves [Lesser Galangal] [Zingiberaceæ] abdominal cramps. Useful in diarrhea mixtures. As a Rubefacient, used to relieve colic, headaches, myalgia, neuralgia, etc. Zedoary, [Kentjur, White Curcuma Zedoaria Scitamineæ Rhizome Aromatic Stimulant. Turmeric] [Zingiberaceæ] Turmeric Curcuma Longa Scitamineæ Rhizomes Stimulant; Tonic. [Zingiberaceæ] Cardamom Seeds, [Seeds of Elettaria Cardamomum Scitamineæ Fruit Aromatic; Stimulant; Stomachic; and Carminative. Green or True Cardamom] [Zingiberaceæ] Ladies’ Slipper Root Cypripedium Orchidaceæ Rhizomes Diaphoretic; Nerve Stimulant; and Antispasmodic. [Roots of Slipper Orchids, Moccasin Flower, Venus’ Shoes, Camel’s Foot, Squirrel Foot, Steeple Cap, Whippoorwill Shoe] Coral Root [Fall Coral-Root, Corallorrhiza Odontorrhiza Orchidaceæ Rhizomes Powerful Diaphoretic, with sedative properties. Autumn Coral-Root, Small- [Corallorhiza Odontorhiza] Flowered Coral-Root] Salep, [Early-Purple Orchid, Orchis Mascula, Orchidaceæ Tubers Demulcent; Nutritive. Green-Winged Orchid, Orchis Morio Green-Veined Orchid] Vanilla, [Flat-Leaved Vanilla Planifolia Orchidaceæ Fruit Carminative; Stimulant; Aphrodisiac; Anti-hysteric. Vanilla] Cebeb, [Tailed Pepper, Java Piper Cebeba Piperaceæ Dried unripe fruit Carminative; Stimulant; Diuretic. Its especial action is Pepper] on the mucous membrane of the genito-urinary tract. Black Pepper Piper Nigrum Piperaceæ Dried unripe fruit Carminative; Stimulant; Antiperiodic. Long Pepper, [Indian Long Piper Longum Piperaceæ Dried unripe fruit Same as black pepper but interior and seldom used. Pepper] White Pepper Piper Album Piperaceæ Dried ripe fruit Carminative; Stimulant; Antiperiodic
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Matico, [Spiked Pepper, Piper Angustifolium, Piperaceæ Leaves Aromatic; Stimulant; Tonic; Styptic. Higuillo de Hoja Menuda] [Piper Aduncum] Yerba Mansa Houttuynia Californica Piperaceæ Roots Stimulant; Tonic; Astringent. Used with good results in [Lizard Tail] [Anemopsis Californica] [Saururaceæ] malarial fevers. Jambu Assu, [Jamborandi, Piper Jaborandi Piperaceæ Roots Sudorific. Iaborandi, Jamborandi] Kava, Kava-Kava Piper Methysticum Piperaceæ Roots Used as a remedy in the treatment of diseases of the mucous membrane, as Tonic to the digestive organs; and Stimulant to the nerves; also as a Diuretic. Reputation as a remedy to gonorrhea. Willow, [White Willow] Salix Alba Salicaceæ Salicinum Tonic; Astringent; Febrifuge. extracted from Bark White Poplar, American Populus Tremuloides Salicaceæ Bark Tonic; Febrifuge. Aspen [Trembling Aspen, Golden Aspen, Quakies, Popple, Mountain Aspen] Bayberry, Wax Myrtle, Myrica Cerifera Myricaceæ Bark Tonic; as an Astringent gargle in sore throats. [Tallow Shrub, Southern Wax Myrtle, Southern Bayberry, Candleberry] Sweet Fern Comptonia Asplenifolia Myricaceæ Leaves Stimulant; Astringent. Butternut, [White Walnut] Juglans Cinerea Juglandaceæ Root-bark Mild Cathartic, especially valuable in habitual constipation. It was much used in the army during the American Revolutionary War. White Oak Quercus Alba Cupuliferæ Bark Astringent; Tonic. [Fagaceæ] Tag Alder, [Hazel Alder, Alnus Serrulata Cupuliferæ Bark Tonic; Astringent; Alterative. Smooth Alder] [Betulaceæ] American Beech Fagus Ferruginea Cupuliferæ Bark Astringent; slightly Tonic. [Fagus Grandifolia] [Fagaceæ] Galla, Galls, Nutgall, [on Quercus Infectoria Cupuliferæ An excrescence When taken into the digestive tract, some of it is changed Aleppo Oak] [Fagaceæ] on the young into gallic acid and some taken up as a soluble alkaline twigs tannate. Because of its power and lack of toxicity, tannic acid is one of the most widely used Astringents. Locally applied it may be used to overcome relaxation, as in spongy gums, mercurial sore mouth, hemorrhoids, and chronic sore throat. To check hemorrhage, it may be used whenever the source of flow can be reached directly, as in
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties epistaxis, hæmatemesis, hemorrhage from the bowels, etc. Tannic is useful as an antidote against a number of poisons including most of the irritant metallic salts, especially those of antimony and iron. Gallic Acid Acidum Gallicum Cupuliferæ Derived from When applied locally, gallic acid acts as a mild [Fagaceæ] tannic acid from Astringent, but does not cause coagulation of the blood. Galla Pyrogallic Acid Pyrogallol Cupuliferæ Derived from dry Used exclusively externally in the form of ointments, in [Fagaceæ] distillation of lupus, psoriasis and other skin diseases. [Note: its gallic acid from absorption through abrasions in the skin has caused death Galla by general poisoning.] Chestnut, [American Castanea Dentata Cupuliferæ Leaves Tonic; Astringent. Used almost exclusively in whooping Chestnut] [Fagaceæ] cough. Oil of Sweet Birch [Black Oleum Betulæ derived Cupuliferæ Volitile oil from Nearly identical with the oil of wintergreen [whose Birch, Cherry Birch, from Betula Lenta [Betulaceæ] bark of sweet properties are: Stimulant; Astringent; Diuretic, Mahogany Birch, Spice birch Aromatic.] Birch] Oil of Sweet Birch [Silver Oleum Betulæ Cupuliferæ Dry distillation of External remedy of cutaneous diseases. Birch, Warty Birch] Empyreaumaticum [Betulaceæ] bark and wood of Rectificatum derived from silver birch Betula Alba Iron-Wood, Hop-Hornbeam, Ostrya Virginica Cupuliferæ Heart-Wood Antiperiodic; Tonic. Used to treat malaria. [Leverwood, Eastern [Ostrya Virginiana] [Betulaceæ] Hophornbeam, Hardhack] Slippery Elm Bark, Ulmus Fulva Urticaceæ Dried bark Demulcent. [Red Elm, Indian Elm, Gray [Ulmus Rubra] [Ulmaceæ] Elm, Soft Elm, Moose Elm] Hops, [Common Hops] Humulus Lupulus Urticaceæ Strobiles Tonic; Anodyne; slightly narcotic. [Cannabaceæ] Lupulin Lupulinum derived from Urticaceæ Glands Tonic; Anodyne; slightly narcotic. Humulus [Cannabaceæ] Indian Hemp, Hemp, Cannabis Sativa Urticaceæ Herb Powerful narcotic. The primary effect of the drug is that Cannabis [Cannabaceæ] of exhilaration, intoxication, stimulating the imagination, etc. This is followed by depression, drowsiness, and stupor, the heart becomes weak and slow and the pupils dilated. Hemp Seed Cannabis Semen Urticaceæ Seed Demulcent; Anodyne. [Cannabaceæ]
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Oil of Hemp Oleum Cannabis Urticaceæ Fixed oil Demulcent; Protective, [Cannabaceæ] Nettle, Stinging Nettle Urtica Dioica Urticaceæ Herb Tonic; Astringent; valuable Diuretic. As an astringent, it is chiefly used in uterine hemorrhages. Fig Ficus Carica Urticaceæ Fruit Nutritive; Laxative; Demulcent. Their principal use [Moraceæ] medicinally is as a laxative diet in constipation. Mulberry Morus Urticaceæ Fruit Refrigerant. [Moraceæ] Oil of Santal [Indian Santalum Album Santalaceæ Volatile Oil from Remedy in inflammation of the mucous membrane, used Sandalwood] Wood especially in gonorrhea and bronchitis. Mistletoe, [Oak Mistletoe, Phoradendron Flavescens Loranthaceæ Bark Laxative; Oxytocic; Antispasmodic. American Mistletoe, Eastern [Phoradendron [Santalaceæ] Mistletoe, Hairy Mistletoe] Leucarpum] Virginia Snake-Root Aristolochia serpentaria, Serpentaria Dried rhizome and Aromatic Stimulant; Tonic. Aristolochia reticulata [Aristolochiaceæ] roots Canada Snake-Root, Asarum Canadense Serpentaria Rhizome Aromatic Stimulant; Tonic. Wild Ginger [Broad-Leaved [Aristolochiaceæ] Asarabaccais] Rhubarb Rheum Polygoneæ Dried rhizome and Purgative; Astringent. It has been highly esteemed as an [Polygonaceæ] roots antidysenteric remedy because of the fact that the cathartic principles are accompanied by the antiseptic action of chrysophan, and because catharsis is followed by an astringent and tonic effect upon the mucous lining. Yellow Dock, [Curley Dock, Rumex Crispus Polygoneæ Roots Alterative; Tonic; Astringent. Curled Dock] [Polygonaceæ] Water Pepper, Smart Weed, Polygonum Acre Polygoneæ Herb Stimulant; Diuretic; Emmenagogue. [Dotted Smartweed, Dotted [Persicaria Punctata] [Polygonaceæ] Knotweed] Bistort, [Common Bistort, Polygonum Bistorta Polygoneæ Rhizome Tonic; Astringent. Meadow Bistort] [Persicaria Bistorta] [Polygonaceæ] American Wormseed, Chenopodium Chenopodiaceæ Fruit Anthelmintic. [Jesuit’s Tea, Epazote, Ambrosioides [Amaranthaceæ] Mexican Tea, Piaco, Herba [Dysphania Ambrosioides] Sancti Mariæ] Poke Root, Phytolacca Decandra Phytolaccaceæ Root Alterative; Emetic; Cathartic. It is not suitable for a [American Pokeweed] [Phytolacca Americana] cathartic however, because of the narcotic effect often produced. Used as an alterative in chronic rheumatism and externally to treat various skin diseases. Emetic in the larger doses.
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Soapwort, [Crow Soap, Wild Saponaria Officinalis Caryophylleæ Root Alterative Sweet William, Soapweed, [Caryophyllaceæ] Bouncing-Bet] Chickweed, [Craches, Stellaria Media Caryophylleæ Herb Demulcent; Emollient. Used in poultices to treat Chickenwort, Maruns, [Caryophyllaceæ] ophthalmia, bruises, inflammation, etc. Winterweed] Garden Purslane, [Pursley, Portulaca Oleracea Portulaceæ Herb Refrigerant and mild efficient Diuretic in ascites. Verdolaga, Pigweed, Little [Portulacaceæ] Beneficial action in catarrhal affections of the genito- Hogweed, Red Root, Moss urinary tract. Rose] Water Lily, [Beaver Root, Nymphæa Odorata Nymphææ Rhizome Demulcent; Astringent. American White Waterlily, [Nymphæaceæ] Sweet-Scented Water Lily] Black Snakeroot, Cimicifuga Racemosa Ranunculaceæ Rhizome Antispasmodic; Diaphoretic; Expectorant. Acts like Black Cohosh, [Actaea Racemosa] digitalis on the circulation, and as a sedative upon cardiac [Black Bugbane, ganglia; small doses stimulate digestion and secretion; Fairy Candle] used in rheumatism and disturbances of the menstrual function. It is a powerful uterine stimulant. In large doses cimicifuga causes nausea, headaches, vertigo, tremors, muscular relaxation, slowing and weakening of the pulse. Golden Seal, Hydrastis Canadensis Ranunculaceæ Rhizome Local Astringent. Used internally to treat chronic Yellow Puccoon, inflammations of the mucous membrane. Component [Orangeroot] (Hydrastis) is used to treat depraved mucous membranes including chronic rhinitis, the atonic stomach of drunkards, chronic intestinal catarrh, catarrhal jaundice, vaginal leucorrhea, and the later stages of gonorrhea. It has been recommended in the treatment of uterine hemorrhages resulting from endometritis. In dyspepsia, it has been used as a stomachic stimulant especially for vomiting during pregnancy. White Cohosh, [Baneberry, Actæa Alba Ranunculaceæ Rhizome Violent Purgative, Irritant; Emetic. Bugbane] Gold Thread, [Threeleaf Coptis Trifolia Ranunculaceæ Rhizome Tonic. Goldthread, Savoyane] Black Hellebore, Helleborus Niger Ranunculaceæ Rhizome and Poisonous; Anthelmintic; drastic Cathartic; [Christmas Rose] Roots Emmenagogue. Green Hellebore Helleborus Viridis Ranunculaceæ Rhizome and Diuretic; Cathartic; Emmenagogue. Roots
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Yellow Root Xanthorrhiza Apiifolia Ranunculaceæ Rhizome Tonic. [Xanthorhiza simplicissima] Pasque Flower, [European Anemone Pulsatilla Ranunculaceæ Herb Diuretic; Diaphoretic; Mydriatic; Irritant. [Reported to Pasqueflower, Dane’s Blood] [Pulsatilla vulgaris] be unstable which renders the medicinal properties unreliable.] Valued as a most useful Emmenagogue. False Hellebore, [Yellow Adonis Vernalis Ranunculaceæ Herb [Due to its poisonous qualities, rarely used.] Like Pheasant’s Eye] digitalis, it is used in heart disease and dropsy, slowing the heart’s action, and making it more regular and forcible; it greatly increases urinary secretion. Crowfoot, Butter Cup, Ranunculus Bulbosus Ranunculaceæ Herb Used externally as an irritant. [Bulbous Buttercup, St. Anthony’s Turnip] Stavesacre Delphinium Staphisagria Ranunculaceæ Seeds Mostly used as a parasiticide to destroy vermin, [Lice-Bane] especially against pediculi vestimentorum (lice)– inhabiting the garments next to the skin. [Poisonous if taken internally.] Larkspur Seed, [Forking Delphinium Consolida Ranunculaceæ Seeds Diuretic; Cathartic; Emetic; Poisonous. Larkspur, Rocket-Larkspur, [Consolida Regalis] Field Larkspur] Nigella, [Love-in-a-mist, Nigella Damascena Ranunculaceæ Seeds Emmenagogue, Diuretic. Ragged Lady, Devil in the Bush] Monkshood, Aconitum Napellus Ranunculaceæ Dried tuberous Antipyretic to a certain extent by reducing circulation; [Aconite, Wolfsbane, Fuzi, roots depressant of the sensory nerve-ends, the heart, the Monk’s Blood] respiration, and the spinal system. It relaxes the inhibitory apparatus of the heart, and paralyzes the cardiac muscle and its contained ganglia, the respiratory centers, and the spinal cord in all its functions – sensory, reflex, and motor – but does not affect the cerebrum. Liverwort, [Kidneywort, Anemone Hepatica Ranunculaceæ Leaves Demulcent; Tonic. Common Hepatica, Pennywort] Peony [European Peony, Pæonia Officinalis Ranunculaceæ Root Seldom used, although at one time a popular remedy in Common Peony] [Paeoniaceæ] epilepsy, diarrhea, and as an emmenagogue. Occasionally used in chorea, whooping cough, etc. Star Anise, [Star Anise Seed, Illicium Verum Magnoliaceæ Dried Fruit Stimulant, Anodyne; Diuretic; Carminative properties in Chinese Star Anise] [Schisandraceæ] volatile oil. Magnolia Magnolia Glauca Magnoliaceæ Bark Diaphoretic; Tonic; Febrifuge.
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Winter’s Bark, Winter’s Drimys Winteri Magnoliaceæ Bark Astringent; Pungent; Aromatic. Cinnamon, [Canelo] [Winteraceæ] Tulip-Tree Bark, [Yellow Liriodendron Tulipifera Magnoliaceæ Bark Tonic; Febrifuge; Vermifuge. Poplar, Fiddle-Tree, Whitewood Florida Allspice, Calycanthus Floridus Calycanthaceæ Bark Aromatic Stimulant, used in diarrhea mixtures. [Sweetshrub] Nutmeg Myristica Fragrans Myristicaceæ Seed Aromatic Stimulant and Stomachic. Used as a corrective. In large doses it possesses narcotic properties. Macis Myristica Fragrans Myristicaceæ Arillode Aromatic; Stimulant; Tonic. Calumba Jateorrhiza Palmata Menispermaceæ Roots A simple Tonic, stimulating the appetite through the [Jateorhiza Palmata] gustatory nerves; increasing in turn the gastric and salivary secretions. Used externally as Antiseptic; Disinfectant; Anthelmintic. Pareira Brava Chondrodendron Menispermaceæ Roots Diuretic and Tonic in treatment of cystitis and Tomentosum suppurative kidney diseases, acting in a soothing manner, especially on the bladder. Formerly renowned as a Lithontriptic. Yellow Parilla, [Canadian Menispermum Canadense Menispermaceæ Rhizome Alterative; Tonic; Diuretic; Laxative. Moonseed, Common Moonseed] Fish Berries, Cocculus [Anamirta Cocculus] Menispermaceæ Fruit Narcotic poison. [Used in ancient times for stupefying Indicus and capturing fish.] Squaw Root, Blue Cohosh, Caulophyllum Berberidaceæ Rhizomes Emmenagogue; Diuretic; Antispasmodic. Used in the [Papoose Root] Thalictroides treatment of rheumatism and as an expectorant in bronchitis. May Apple, Mandrake, [Wild Podophyllum Peltatum Berberidaceæ Rhizomes Drastic Cathartic; Laxative; Purgative. Irritant to the Mandrake, Ground Lemon] mucous membrane. Cholagogue properties. Twin-Leaf, Jeffersonia Diphylla Berberidaceæ Rhizomes Valuable stimulating Expectorant; Diuretic; Alterative; [Rheumatism Root] Antispasmodic. In large doses Emetic and Cathartic. It affects the heart like digitalis. Barberry, [European Berberis Vulgaris Berberidaceæ Root Tonic. Barberry] Oregon Grape Berberis, Berberidaceæ Root Tonic; Alterative. [Mahonia Aquifolium] Boldo Peumus Boldus Monimiaceæ Leaves Aromatic Stimulant and Tonic; in inflammation of genito-urinary tract.
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Ceylon Cinnamon, Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Lauraceæ Bark Aromatic Stimulant; Tonic; Carminative; Astringent. [True Cinnamon] Cassia Bark, [Chinese Cassia, Cinnamomum Cassia Lauraceæ Bark Aromatic Stimulant; Tonic; Carminative; Astringent. Chinese Cinnamon] Sassafras Bark, [White Sassafras Variifolium Lauraceæ Bark Aromatic Stimulant; Alterative; Astringent. It is used Sassafras, Red Sassafras, [Sassafras Albidum] almost entirely as an adjuvant or corrective. Popular Silly Sassafras] household remedy for its diuretic and diaphoretic effects in febrile (feverish) states. Sassafras Pith, [White Sassafras Variifolium Lauraceæ Pith Demulcent, often used as an application to inflamed eyes. Sassafras, Red Sassafras, Silly Sassafras] Bebeeru Bark, Nectandra Rodiaei Lauraceæ Bark Tonic; Astringent; Febrifuge. Greenheart Bark Coto Bark, Parocoto Bark Coto Lauraceæ Bark Odor Aromatic. Used to treat diarrhea. [Palicourea densiflors] Spice Bush, [Wild Allspice, Lindera Benzoin Lauraceæ Bark, Berries, Aromatic Stimulant; Tonic; Diaphoretic. Benjamin Bush] Leaves Laurel, Sweet Bay, [Grecian Laurus Nobilis Lauraceæ Leaves Stimulant; Astringent. Laurel, True Laurel, Bay Tree] California Laurel, [California Umbellularia Californica Lauraceæ Leaves Strong local anesthetic, used in neuralgic headaches, Bay, Cinnamon Bush, cerebro-spinal meningitis, intestinal colic, and atonic Oregon Myrtle, Pepperwood, dyspepsia. Spicebush, Peppernut Tree, Headache Tree, Mountain Laurel, Balm of Heaven] Gum Camphor, [Camphor Cinnamomum Camphora Lauraceæ Stearopten Stimulant; Antispasmodic. Used externally as Anodyne Tree, Camphorwood, and Rubefacient. Camphor Laurel] Oil of Camphor Oleum Camphoræ Lauraceæ Volatile Oil from Stimulant especially for bowel complaints or spasmodic Gum Camphor cholera. Alligator Pear, Persea Gratissima Lauraceæ Seeds Anthelmintic. Used in liniment for intercostal neuralgia [Avocado] [Persea Americana] (chest wall pain). Opium, [Opium Poppy] Papaver Somniferum Papaveraceæ Concrete Juice Stimulant; Narcotic; Anodyne; Antispasmodic; Intoxicant. It restrains the movements and checks the secretions of the stomach and intestinal canal. It produces first mental and emotional exhilaration, then hypnotic depression. It is a powerful respiratory depressant, death usually resulting from paralysis of the respiratory center
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties in the medulla. Toxic doses, also, finally paralyze both the heart and vagi, and produce a rapid and feeble pulse. Poppy Capsules, Papaver Papaver Somniferum Papaveraceæ Capsule Hypnotic and Sedative in syrup or extract; local Anodyne in decoction. Poppy Seeds, Maw Seeds, Papaver Somniferum Papaveraceæ Seeds and fixed Demulcent; Anodyne. Papaveris Semen oil Celandine, [Tetterwort, Chelidonium Majus Papaveraceæ Herb Cathartic; Diuretic; Diaphoretic; Expectorant. Used in Greater Calandine, treatment of jaundice. Nipplewort, Swallowwort] [California Poppy, Golden Eschscholtzia Californica Papaveraceæ Herb Calmative; Soporific; Analgesic. Poppy, California Sunlight, Cup of Gold] Blood Root, Sanguinaria Canadensis Papaveraceæ Rhizome An acrid Emetic; Stimulant; Narcotic. Moderate doses [Bloodwort, Redroot, Pauson, produce nausea and circulatory depression, and in large Red Puccoon] doses it inflames the stomach, causing intense burning, thirst, vomiting, dimness of vision, vertigo, great prostration, and collapse. Powdered sanguinaria snuffed up the nostrils is Sternutatory, and applied locally it acts as a Stimulant to indolent ulcers and as an Escharotic to fungous granulations. White Mustard Sinapis Alba Cruciferæ Seeds Externally as a powerful Rubefacient and Counter- [Brassicaceæ] Irritant. Internally as an Emetic, especially valuable in cases of poisoning by narcotics from its reflex stimulation of the heart and respiration. Black Mustard Brassica Nigra Cruciferæ Seeds Externally as a powerful Rubefacient and Counter- [Brassicaceæ] Irritant. Internally as an Emetic, especially valuable in cases of poisoning by narcotics from its reflex stimulation of the heart and respiration. Mustard Oil Brassica Nigra Cruciferæ Volatile Oil [Not used internally and great caution should be exercised [Brassicaceæ] in smelling this oil. It draws blisters when in contact with the skin.] Used locally in very diluted form as a counter- irritant. Shepherd’s Purse Capsella Bursa Pastoris Cruciferæ Herb Stimulant; Tonic; Diuretic. [Brassicaceæ] Horseradish, Armoracia Cochlearia Armoracia Cruciferæ Root Used only in the fresh state as a Stimulant to digestion, as [Amoracia Rusticana] [Brassicaceæ] a Diuretic, and externally as a Rubefacient. Pitcher Plant, [Yellow Sarracenia Flava, Sarraceniaceæ Rhizomes Tonic; Diuretic. Used to treat dyspepsia. Pitcherplant, Side-Saddle Sarracenia Purpurea Flower, Purple Pitcherplant,
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Northern Pitcherplant] Sundew, [Round-Leaved Drosera Rotundifolia Droseraceæ Herb Used as pectoral in bronchitis, coughs. Sundrew, Common Sundrew] Biting Stonecrop, English Sedum Acre Crassulaceæ Whole Plant Used in the treatment of the sore throat caused by Mass, [Goldmoss Sedum, diphtheria, by dissolving and expelling the false Wallpepper, Goldmoss membrane. Stonecrop, Mossy Stonecrop, Biting Stonecrop] Virginia Stone-Crop, Penthorum Sedoides Crassulaceæ Herb Astringent, Demulcent and Laxative, in diseases of the [Ditch Stonecrop] [Penthoraceæ] mucous membranes. Alum Root, Heuchera Americana Saxifrageæ Root Powerful Astringent. [American Alumroot] [Saxifragaceæ] Hydrangea, [Sevenbark, Hydrangea Arborescens Saxifrageæ Root Diuretic; Antilithic. Smooth Hydrangea, Wild [Hydrangeaceæ] Hydrangea] Coolwort, [Naked Bishop’s Mitella Nuda Saxifrageæ Leaves Diuretic. Used in inflammatory and catarrhal affections Cap, Naked Miterwort] [Saxifragaceæ] of the bladder and kidneys. Witchhazel, Hamamelis Hamamelis Virginiana Hamamelidaceæ Leaves An Astringent in hemorrhoids and internal hemorrhages, Leaves, [Common or and as a general Vulnerary. American Witch-Hazel] Witchhazel Bark, [Common Hamamelis Virginiana Hamamelidaceæ Bark An Astringent in hemorrhoids and internal hemorrhages, or American Witch-Hazel] and as a general Vulnerary. Liquid Storax, Styrax, Liquidambar Orientalis Hamamelidaceæ Balsam Stimulant Expectorant. [Oriental Sweetgum, Turkish [Altingiaceæ] Sweetgum] Sweet Gum, Liquidambar Liquidambar Styraciflua Hamamelidaceæ Balsam Stimulant Expectorant. [American Sweetgum, Hazel [Altingiaceæ] Pine, American-Storax, Red- Gum, Bilsted, Satin-Walnut, Star-Leaved Gum, Alligator- Wood] Wild Cherry, [Black Cherry, Prunus Serotina Rosaceæ Bark Tonic; Sedative. Owing to the bitter principle, it is a Wild Black Cherry, Rum stomachic and bitter tonic. Used in gastric atony and Cherry, Mountain Black general debility. The syrup forms the basis of many of Cherry] the cough syrups. Choke Cherry, [Virginia Bird Prunus Virginiana Rosaceæ Bark Tonic; Antiperiodic. Cherry, Bitter-Berry, Western Chokesherry] Prune, [Plum] Prunus Domestica Rosaceæ Fruits Laxative; Nutritive.
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Peach Leaves, Persica Prunus Persica Rosaceæ Leaves Mild Sedative, generally administered in infusion. Apple Tree, [Crab Apple?] Pyrus Malus Rosaceæ Bark Tonic; Febrifuge. Quince Seed Pyrus Cydonia Rosaceæ Seeds Often used as a Demulcent, and as an addition to eye lotions. Bitter Almond Purnus Amygdalus Amara Rosaceæ Seeds Sedative. [Purnus Dulcis, var. Amara] Oil of Bitter Almond Purnus Amygdalus Amara Rosaceæ Volatile Oil Sedative. [Purnus Dulcis, var. Amara] Sweet Almond Purnus Amygdalus Dulcis Rosaceæ Seeds Nutritive; Demulcent. Often used as a diet in diabetes. [Purnus Dulcis, var. Dulcis] Expressed Oil of Almond Purnus Amygdalus Rosaceæ Fixed Oil Lenitive in pulmonary affections, in the form of emulsion. [Purnus Dulcis] Soapbark Quillaja Saponaria Rosaceæ Bark Expectorant in pulmonary affections; Diuretic. In large [Quillajaceæ] doses, Emetic and Cathartic. It affects the heart like digitalis. Red Rose, [Gallic Rose, Rosa Gallica Rosaceæ Dried Flower Mild Tonic and Astringent. French Rose, Rose of Petals Provins] Hips, Dog Rose Rosa Canina Rosaceæ Herb Refrigerant; mild Astringent; Diuretic. Oil of Rose [Damask Rose, Rosa Damascena Rosaceæ Volatile Oil Aromatic. Rose of Castile] Blackberry Root, [Sand Rubus Villosus, Rubus Rosaceæ Bark Tonic; Astringent. Used extensively to treat diarrhea, Blackberry, Allegheny Nigrobaccus, Rubus dysentery, and relaxed conditions of the bowels. Blackberry, Common Cuneifolius Blackberry, Bramble, Goutberry, Cloudberry, Dewberry, High Blackberry, Thimbleberry] English Hawthorn, [North Crataegus Oxyacantha Rosaceæ Fruit Heart Tonic. Valuable as a cardiac Stimulant and Tonic. European Hawthorn] Cherry Laurel, [Common Prunus Laurocerasus Rosaceæ Leaves Sedative Narcotic. Laurel, English Laurel] Strawberry, [Fraise des Bois, Fragaria Vesca Rosaceæ Leaves Mild Astringent, Diuretic. Wild Strawberry, Woodland Strawberry, Alpine Strawberry, European Strawberry, ] Cusso, Brayera, Kooso, [East Hagenia Abyssinica Rosaceæ Flowers Taenifuge. African Rosewood, African Redwood, Hagenia]
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Tormentil, [Septfoil, Erect Potentillis Tormentilla Rosaceæ Rhizome Tonic; Astringent. Cinquefoil] [Potentilla Erecta] Avens, European Avens, Geum Urbanum Rosaceæ Rhizome Tonic; Astringent. [Wood Avens, Colewort, Herb Bennet, St. Benedict’s Herb] Water Avens, [Cure-all, Geum Rivale Rosaceæ Rhizome Tonic; Astringent. Nodding Avens, Drooping Avens, Water Flower, Indian Chocolate] American Ipecac, [Indian Gillenia Stipulacea Rosaceæ Rhizome Mildly Emetic and Cathartic. Physic, Bowman’s Root] Agrimony, [Sticklewort, Agrimonia Eupatoria Rosaceæ Herb Tonic; Astringent. Church Steeples, Common Agrimony] Cinquefoil, Potentilla Potentilla Canadensis Rosaceæ Herb Astringent. Hardhack, [Steeplebush, Spiræa Tomentosa Rosaceæ Herb Astringent. Meadowsweet] Licorice Root, [Liquorice] Glycyrrhiza Glabra Leguminosæ Root Expectorant and Demulcent in bronchial affections. [Fabaceæ] Extract of Licorice Root Glycyrrhiza Glabra Leguminosæ Extract of Root Excellent Demulcent, the presence of a small piece in the [Liquorice] [Fabaceæ] mouth often allaying cough by coating and thus protecting the irritated membrane. Indian Licorice, Jequirity, Abrus Precatorius Leguminosæ Root Demulcent. Prayer Beads, [Precatory [Fabaceæ] Bean, Crab’s Eye, Rosary Pea, John Crow Bead, Akar Saga, Gidee Gidee, Jumbie Bead, Trinidad & Tobago] [see above] Abrus Precatorius Leguminosæ Seeds Used to treat Granular Ophthalmia. [Fabaceæ] Wild Indigo, Baptisia Tinctoria Leguminosæ Root Antiseptic; Emetic; Cathartic. [Yellow False Indigo, [Fabaceæ] Horseflyweed] Sassy Bark, Doom Bark, Erythrophleum Guineense Leguminosæ Poisonous Bark It affects the heart similar to digitalis. Astringent; [Nkasa, Mancona Bark, [Fabaceæ] Emetic; Diaphoretic; Analgesic. Ordeal Bark, Casca Bark, Saucy Bark, Red Water Bark]
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Redbud, [Eastern Redbud] Cercis Canadensis Leguminosæ Bark Astringent in diarrhea and dysentery. Also used as a [Fabaceæ] local application to mucous membranes. Asoca, [Ashoka Tree] [Saraca Asoca] Leguminosæ Bark Sedative in the treatment of uterine affections. [Fabaceæ] Astringent. Jamaica Dogwood, Piscidia Erythina Leguminosæ Bark Used as a mild Soporific for children and aged people. [Fishfuddle, Florida [Piscidia Piscipula] [Fabaceæ] Fishpoison Tree] Logwood [Bloodwoodtree] Hæmatoxylon Leguminosæ Heart-Wood Mild Astringent. Campechianum [Fabaceæ] Senna Cassia Acutifolia Leguminosæ Leaves A prompt and efficient Cathartic. [Senna Alexandrina] [Fabaceæ] American Senna, [Maryland Cassia Marilandica Leguminosæ Leaves Cathartic. Senna, Maryland Wild [Senna Marilandica] [Fabaceæ] Senna] Sweet Clover, [Common Melilotus Officinalis Leguminosæ Herb A Stimulant and Antispasmodic in whooping cough. Melilot, Yellow Sweet [Fabaceæ] A local Anodyne in poultices. Clover, Yellow Melilot, Ribbed Melilot] [Red Clover] Trifolium Pratense Leguminosæ Herb Alterative. Also a Deobstruent and Sedative in whooping [Fabaceæ] cough. White Clover, [Ladino, Dutch Trifolium Repens Leguminosæ Herb Used for whooping cough. Clover] [Fabaceæ] Pencil Flower, Stylosanthes Elatior Leguminosæ Herb Uterine Sedative and Tonic. [Afterbirth Weed, Sidebeak [Stylosanthes Biflora] [Fabaceæ] Pencilflower] Goat’s Rue, Galega, [French Galega Officinalis Leguminosæ Herb Vermifuge; nervous Stimulant; Galactagogue. Used as a Lilac, Italian Fitch, Professor- [Fabaceæ] Diuretic and Tonic in typhoid. Weed] Broom, [Common Broom, Cytisus Scoparius Leguminosæ Herb A reliable Diuretic and Laxative in small doses, and is an Scotch Broom] [Fabaceæ] efficient remedy in dropsy. Purging Cassia, [Golden Cassia Fistula Leguminosæ Fruit Mild Laxative. Shower Tree] [Fabaceæ] St. John’s Bread, [Carob Ceratonia Siliqua Leguminosæ Fruit Laxative; Demulcent; Expectorant. Tree, Locust Bean] [Fabaceæ] Tamarind Tamarindus Indica Leguminosæ Fruit Laxative; Refrigerant. [Fabaceæ] Fenugreek Trigonella Fœnum- Leguminosæ Seed Demulcent. Græcum [Fabaceæ]
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Calabar Bean, Physostigma Venenosum Leguminosæ Seed Physostigmine is used in medicine chiefly for three [Ordeal Bean] [Fabaceæ] purposes: as a depressant for the spinal cord; as a stimulant to the intestinal muscles; and to contract the pupils of the eyes. As a motor depressant, physostigmine is useful in the treatment of tetanus and strychnine poisoning. Its greatest value in internal medicine is as a stimulant to intestinal muscles in paralytic forms of colic, but especially in chronic constipation with cathartic drugs. Physostigmine stimulates the secretory nerve endings of glands and the nerve endings of striated and smooth muscles. It therefore antagonizes the effects of atropine and curare. Cowage, Kiwach, [Cowitch, Mucuna Pruriens Leguminosæ Hairs Anthelmintic by mechanically penetrating the bodies of Velvet Bean, Lacuna Bean, [Fabaceæ] the worms and thus irritating and dislodging them. Lyon Bean] Goa Powder, [Araroba Andira Araroba Leguminosæ [Medullary matter Used to treat skin diseases caused by fungi. Powder] [Fabaceæ] of stem/branches] Gum Arabic, [Gum Arabic Acacia Senegal Leguminosæ Gum Demulcent. Tree, Senegal Gum, Sudan [Senegalia Senegal] [Fabaceæ] Gum Arabic] Gum Tragacanth, [Shiraz, Astragalus Gummifer Leguminosæ Gum Demulcent (rarely used on account of its insolubility). Gum Elect, Gum Dragon] [Fabaceæ] Gambir, [Gambier, Uncaria Ourouparia Gambir Leguminosæ Extractive Powerful Astringent. Gambir] [Uncaria Gambir?] [Rubiaceæ] Kino, [Malabar Kino, Indian Pterocarpus Marsupium Leguminosæ Extractive Powerful Astringent. Kino Tree, Vijayasar] [Fabaceæ] Balsam Copaiba Copaiba Langsdorffii Leguminosæ Oleoresin Stimulant; Diuretic; Laxative. Principal action on [Copaifera Langsdorffii] [Fabaceæ] mucous membranes. Oil of Copaiba Copaiba Langsdorffii Leguminosæ Volatile Oil Stimulant; Diuretic; Laxative. Principal action on [Copaifera Langsdorffii] [Fabaceæ] mucous membranes. Kurung Oil Pongamia Glabra Leguminosæ Fixed Oil Treatment of skin diseases and rheumatism. Especially [Fabaceæ] recommended in pityriasis versicolor (tinea versicolor), and other cutaneous diseases due to fungus growth. Balsam of Peru Toluifera Pereirae Leguminosæ Balsam Stimulant; Expectorant; Stomachic. Used externally in [Fabaceæ] ointments. Balsam of Tolu Toluifera Balsamum Leguminosæ Balsam Weak Stimulant Expectorant. [Fabaceæ] Flaxseed [Common Flax, Linum Usitatissimum Linaceæ Seed Demulcent. Linseed]
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Flaxseed Oil [Common Flax, Linum Usitatissimum Linaceæ Oil from Seed Laxative. Linseed] Cocaine Erythroxylon Coca Erythroxyllaceæ Leaves Stimulant to digestion, the brain, and respiration. Checks [Erythroxylum Coca] the process of wasting, enabling the laborer to endure greater amount of physical exertion with a small amount of food. Local anesthetic Cranesbill, [Spotted Geranium Maculatum Geraniaceæ Rhizome Astringent. It is claimed the rhizome contains Geranium, Wood Geranium, mucilaginous material, which acts as a demulcent. Wild Geranium] Useful in buccal ulcer. Jewel Weed, [Touch-Me-Not, Impatiens Pallida Geraniaceæ Herb Alterative; Diuretic. Pale Jewelweed, Yellow [Balsaminaceæ] Jewelweed] Lignum Vitæ, [Guaiacwood, Guaiacum Officinale, Zygophyllaceæ Heart-Wood Stimulant; Diaphoretic. Also reported as antirheumatic Roughbark Lignum-Vitae] Guaiacum Sanctum and antisyphilitic. Gum Guaiac, [Guaiacwood, Guaiacum Officinale, Zygophyllaceæ Resin Stimulant; Diaphoretic; Alterative; mild Purgative. Roughbark Lignum-Vitae] Guaiacum Sanctum Prickly-Ash Bark, Xanthoxylum Americanum Rutaceæ Bark Alterative; Sialagogue; Stimulant; Tonic. (The bark [Toothache Tree, Yellow [Zanthoxylum Americanum] chewed is a popular remedy for toothaches – thus the tree Wood, Suterberry] has been named the toothache tree.) Prickly-Ash Fruit Xanthoxylum Americanum Rutaceæ Fruit Stimulant; Tonic; Alterative. [Toothache Tree, Yellow [Zanthoxylum Americanum] Wood, Suterberry] Angustura, Cusparia Bark Galipea Cuspari, Rutaceæ Bark Aromatic bitter. [Angostura] [Galipea Officinalis, Angostura Trifoliata] Water Ash [Wafer Ash, Ptelia Trifoliata Rutaceæ Root Bark Mild Tonic; Antiperiodic. Its mild, non-irritating Common Hoptree, Stinking properties render it valuable in low fevers attended with Ash] gastro-intestinal irritation. Short Buchu & Long Buchu Barosma Betulina, Rutaceæ Volatile Oil from Volatile oil used as mild Diuretic in disorders of the Barosma Serratifolia Leaves urinogenital organs. Leaves used as Stimulant and Stomachic. Jaborandi, [Maranham Pilocarpus Microphyllus Rutaceæ Leaves Powerfully Diaphoretic and Sialagogue by stimulating Jaborandi] the nerves supplying the glands and involuntary muscular fiber; cardiac Depressant. The most important effects of pilocarpine are due to the stimulation of certain nerve terminations. It stimulates the peripheral endings of all the autonomous nerves. The most important effect of the ingestion of therapeutic dose of pilocarpine is an increase in the secretory activity of nearly all the glands of the
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties body, especially of the salivary and sweat glands. Pilocarpine is used as a myotic in ophthalmic practice. It has acquired some reputation in the treatment of diphtheria and croup. Rue, [Herb-of-Grace, Ruta Graveolens Rutaceæ Leaves Emmenagogue; Vermifuge; Diaphoretic. Common Rue] Bael Fruit, Bengal Quince Aegle Marmelos Rutaceæ Fruit Considered a valuable remedy in dysentery and diarrhea, [Golden Apple, Behl, relieving without causing constipation. Japenese Bitter Orange, Stone Apple, Bili, Wood Apple] Bitter Orange Peel, [Seville Citrus Vulgaris Rutaceæ Inner rind of fruit Tonic; Carminative; Stomachic. Orange, Sour Orange, [Citrus Aurantium] Bigarade Orange, Marmalade Orange] Sweet Orange Peel [from Citrus Aurantium Rutaceæ Outer rind of fruit Tonic; Carminative; Stomachic. Sweet Orange Tree] [Citrus Sinensis] Orange Leaf [from Bitter Citrus Vulgaris Rutaceæ Leaf Stimulant; Tonic. Orange Tree] [Citrus Aurantium] Orange Flower [from Bitter Citrus Vulgaris Rutaceæ Flower Stimulant; Antispasmodic Orange Tree] [Citrus Aurantium] Neroli Oil [from Bitter Citrus Vulgaris Rutaceæ Volatile oil from Aromatic. Orange Tree] [Citrus Aurantium] flowers Lemon Juice Citrus Medica Rutaceæ Fruit Refrigerant, Antiscorbutic Bergamot Oil [from Citrus Bergamia Rutaceæ Essential oil from Aromatic. Bergamot Orange] rind of fruit White Zapote, [Mexican Casimuroa Edulis Rutaceæ Seeds Hypnotic. Apple, White Sapote, Casimiroa, Cochitzapotl] Quassia [Jamaica Queen, Picrasma Excelsa Simarubaceæ Wood Bitter Tonic. It is poisonous to insects, a strong infusion Surinam Quassia] [Simaroubaceæ] being often used as a parasiticide on animals. Quassia Bark Picrasma Excelsa Simarubaceæ Bark Bitter Tonic. It is poisonous to insects, a strong infusion [Simaroubaceæ] being often used as a parasiticide on animals. Simaruba, [Dysentery Bark, Simaruba Officinalis Simarubaceæ Root-Bark Tonic used in dysentery and chronic diarrhea. Marupa, Palo Blanco, Palo [Simarouba Amara] [Simaroubaceæ] Amargo, Slave Wood, Bitter Damson, Bois Blanc] Cedron Seed Simaba Cedron Simarubaceæ Seeds Cerebral Sedative; Antispasmodic; Antiperiodic; [Simaroubaceæ] Poisonous.
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Tree of Heaven, Chinese Ailanthus Glandulosa Simarubaceæ Bark A powerful nerve Depressant and Antispasmodic, used in Sumac, [Ailanthus, [Ailanthus Altissima] [Simaroubaceæ] asthma, hiccups, twitching of the muscles, epilepsy, etc. Chouchun] When chewed it produces a general sense of uneasiness, weakness, dazzling, cold sweats, shivering, nausea, etc., similar to that produced by tobacco. These effects depend upon a volatile oil, which is so powerful that persons preparing the extract are often thus affected by the vapor. Honduras Bark, Cascara Picramnaea Simarubaceæ Bark Alterative. Used to treat syphilitic affections. Amarga [Picramnia] [Simaroubaceæ] Chaparro Amargoso, [Bitter Castela Nicholsoni Simarubaceæ Bark of root Tonic, Antiperiodic, Astringent. Considered a specific Bush, Goat Bush] [Simaroubaceæ] for diarrhea. Myrrh, [African Myrrh, Commiphora Myrrha Burseraceæ Gum-resin Stomachic; Carminative; Emmenagogue. Herabol Myrrh, Somali Myrrhor, Common Myrrh, Gum Myrrh] Frankincense, Olibanum Boswellia Carterii Burseraceæ Gum-resin Aromatic Bdellium, [Guggul, Gugal, Commiphora Mukul, Burseraceæ Gum-resin Stomachic; Carminative; Emmenagogue. Gugul, Indian Bdellium-Tree, Commiphora Africana Mukul Myrrh Tree] Elemi, Manila Elemi Canarium Commune Burseraceæ Oleoresin Stimulant; Irritant. Goanese Ipecac, [Goanese Maregamia Alata Meliaceæ Root Expectorant; Emetic. Ipecacuanh] [Naregamia Alata] Cocillana Guarea, [Guarea Rusbyi] Meliaceæ Bark Expectorant; Emetic. Azedarach, Margosa Bark, Melia Azedarach Meliaceæ Root-bark Anthelmintic. [Bead-Tree, Chinaberry Tree, White Cedar, Cape Lilac, Syringa Berrytree, Persian Lilac, Indian Lilac] Rhatany, [Ratany, Rattany] Krameria Triandra, Polygaleæ Root Powerful Astringent; Tonic. Krameria Ixina [Krameriaceæ] Seneka, Senega Snakeroot Polygala Senega Polygaleæ Root Stimulating Expectorant; Diuretic. In large doses [Rattlesnake Root, Mountain [Polygalaceæ] Emetic; Cathartic. It affects the heart like digitalis. Flax, Senegaroot, Seneca] Bitter Polygala Polygala Rubella Polygaleæ Herb Tonic. [Polygalaceæ] Queen’s Root, Stillingia Sylvatica Euphorbiaceæ Root Efficient Alterative; Antisyphilitic. Queen’s Delight Large Flowering Spurge Euphorbia Corollata Euphorbiaceæ Root Emetic; Diaphoretic; Expectorant; Cathartic.
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Ipecacuanha Spurge, Euphorbia Ipecacuanha Euphorbiaceæ Root Emetic; Diaphoretic; Expectorant; Cathartic. [American Ipecac] [Pill-Bearing Spurge, Snake- Euphorbia Pilulifera Euphorbiaceæ Herb Gives relief to asthma and pectoral complaints. weed, Cat’s Hair, Queensland Asthma-weed, Glowery- Headed Spurge] Euphorbium, [Spurge] Euphorbia Euphorbiaceæ Gum-Resin Used mostly in external applications in veterinary practice as a Vesicant. Alveloz Milk Euphorbia Heterodoxa Euphorbiaceæ Milky Juice Destroys cancer and other ulcers. Action resembles papain [papain breaks down a protein called fibrin that makes up the protective layer of a cancer cell]. Mercury Weed, [Annual Mercurialis Annua Euphorbiaceæ Herb Purgative; Emmenagogue. Mercury] Cascarilla Bark Croton Eluteria Euphorbiaceæ Bark Aromatic; Stimulant; Tonic; Febrifuge. Castor Oil Ricinus Communis Euphorbiaceæ Fixed oil from Mild and efficient Cathartic. seeds Castor Oil Seed, [Caster Ricinus Communis Euphorbiaceæ Seeds Poison (not used medicinally). Bean] Croton Oil, [Purging Croton, Croton Tiglium Euphorbiaceæ Fixed Oil Drastic Purgative, capable of causing death in excessive Jamaal Gota] doses. Purging Nuts, [Barbadoes- Curcas Purgans Euphorbiaceæ Seeds Purgative. Nut, Physic-Nut] [Jatropha Curcas] Rottlera, Kamala, [Kamala Mallotus Philippinensis Euphorbiaceæ Glands and Hairs Vermifuge. Tree, Red Kamala, Kumkum [Mallotus Philippensis] Tree] Poison Ivy Rhus Radicans Anacardiaceæ Leaves Local Irritant; Rubefacient. Formally used in treatment [Toxicodendron Radicans] of eczema. Sumac, [Smooth Sumac] Rhus Glabra Anacardiaceæ Fruit Astringent; Refrigerant. Sweet Sumach Rhus Aromatica Anacardiaceæ Root-Bark Used to treat incontinence of urine. Mastic Pistacia Lentiscus Anacardiaceæ Resin Mild Stimulant, but rarely used internally. Chian Turpentine, Pistacia Terebinthus Anacardiaceæ Oleoresin Destroys cancerous growths. [Turpentine Tree, Terebinth] Cashew Nut Anacardium Occidentale Anacardiaceæ Fruit Vermifuge; Escharotic. Oriental Cashew Nut Semecarpus Anacardium Anacardiaceæ Fruit Local Irritant. Holly, [American Holly] Ilex Opaca Ilicineæ Leaves Demulcent; Tonic; Emetic. [Aquifoliaceæ] Paraguay Tea, [Yerba Mate] Ilex Paraguayensis Ilicineæ Leaves Astringent. [Ilex Paraguaiensis] [Aquifoliaceæ]
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Black Alder, Winterberry, Ilex Verticillata Ilicineæ Bark Tonic; Antiperiodic; Astringent. [Brook Alder, Canada Holly, [Aquifoliaceæ] Coralberry, False Alder] Wohoo, [Eastern Wahoo, Euonymus Atropurpureus Celastrinaceæ Root Cholaqgogue Cathartic; Tonic; Laxative. Burning Bush, Bitterash] [Celastraceæ] Climbing Staff-Tree, Celastrus Scandens Celastrinaceæ Root-Bark Alterative; Diaphoretic; Diuretic; Emetic. Used in False Bitter-Sweet, [Celastraceæ] chronic affections of the liver. [American Bittersweet] Red Maple, Swamp Maple, Acer Rubrum Celastrinaceæ Bark Mild Astringent. Remedy for sore eyes. [Water Maple, Soft Maple] [Sapindaceæ] Guarana Paullinia Cupana Sapindaceæ Seeds Stimulant. Especially beneficial in nervous headaches. Ohio Buckeye, [American Æsculus Glabra Sapindaceæ Bark Aids in the portal circulation and the liver, and promotes Buckeye, Fetid Buckeye] the biliary secretions. Horse Chestnut, [Conker Æsculus Hippocastanum Sapindaceæ Bark and Fruit Tonic, Astringent; Antiperiodic; Narcotic; Antiseptic. Tree] Antispasmodic used chiefly in neuralgic affections. Recommended as a Palliative in hemorrhoids. Macassar Oil, [Kusum Oil Schlerchera Trijuga Sapindaceæ Fixed oil from Stimulates the growth of hair. Remedy in skin diseases, from Ceylon Oak, Lac Tree, [Schleichera Trijuga, seed especially eczema. Macassar Oiltree] Schleichera Oleosa] [Breaking Buckthorn, Alder Rhamnus Frangula Rhamnaceæ Bark Mild Laxative; Cathartic. Buckthorn, Glossy Buckthorn] Chittem Bark, [Cascara, Rhamnus Purshiana Rhamnaceæ Bark A valuable Laxative in chronic constipation. Bearberry, Chittem, Chitticum] Buckthorn, [Common Rhamnus Cathartica Rhamnaceæ Fruit Strong Purgative. Buckthorn, Purging Buckthorn] New Jersey Tea, Red Root, Ceanothus Americanus Rhamnaceæ Root Astringent; Expectorant. [Mountain Sweet, Wild Snowball] Chewstick, [Whiteroot] Gouania Domingensis Rhamnaceæ Stems Bitter Tonic. [Gouania Lupuloides] American Ivy, Woodbine, Ampelopsis Quinquefolia Ampelideæ Root-Bark Alterative; Tonic; Astringent; Expectorant. [Virginia Creeper, Victoria [Parthenocissus [Vitaceæ] Creeper, Five-Leaved Ivy, Quinquefolia] Five-Finger] Linden Flowers, Basswood Tilia Americana Tiliaceæ Flowers and Bark Stimulant; Diaphoretic; Lenitive. Bark used as a Lime Tree, American Linden Demulcent; Emollient; Vulnerary.
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Marshmallow, Althæa Officinalis Malvaceæ Roots A Demulcent applied to inflamed mucous tissues, as in [Marsh Mallow] bronchitis. Hollyhock, [Common Althæa Rosea Malvaceæ Petals Demulcent. Hollyhock] [Alcea Rosea] Mallow, [Common Mallow, Malva Sylvestris Malvaceæ Flowers Emollient; Demulcent. Cheeses, High Mallow, Tall Mallow] Cotton-Root Bark, [Levant Gossypium Herbaceum Malvaceæ Root-Bark Emmenagogue; Oxytocic, stimulating uterine Cotton] contractions. Cola, Kola Nut Cola Acuminata Sterculiaceæ Seed Tonic; Stimulant; Nervine. [Malvaceæ] Tea Plant, [Tea Shrub] Camellia Thea Ternstrœmiaceæ Leaves Astringent; Tonic; Stimulant; Nervine. [Camellia Sinensis] [Theaceæ] Gamboge Garcinia Hanburii Guttiferæ Gum-Resin A drastic hydragogue Cathartic. [Garcinia Hanburyi] [Clusiaceæ] St. John’s Wort Hypericum Perforatum Hypericineæ Herb Stimulant; Diuretic; Astringent. [Hypericaceæ] Yerba Reuma Frankenia Grandiflora Frankeniaceæ Herb Tropical application in catarrhal affections, and in [Frankenia Grandifolia, diseases of the mucous membranes. Frankenia Salina] Frostwort, [Longbranch Helianthemum Canadense Cistineæ Herb Tonic; Astringent; Alterative in the treatment of Frostweed] scrofulous diseases. Chaulmoogra Gynocardia Odorata Bixineæ Seed Oil Treatment of skin diseases including eczema. [Hydnocarpus Wightiana] [Achariaceæ] Annato, [Lipstick Tree, Bixa Orellana Bixineæ Seed Astringent in diarrhea Achiote] [Bixaceæ] Canella Canella Alba Canellaceæ Bark Aromatic; Stimulant. Cinnamon Bark, Cinnamodendron Canellaceæ Bark Aromatic Stimulant. White Wood Bark Corticosum Pansy, Heart’s Ease, [Tickle- Viola Tricolor Violarieæ Herb Mucilaginous; Emollient; Alterative in skin diseases my-fancy, Jack-jump-up-and- [Violaceæ] especially eczema. kiss-me, Come-and-cuddle- me] Damiana Turnera Aphrodisiaca Turneraceæ Leaves Quack Aphrodisiac [Turnera Diffusa] [Passifloraceæ] Melon-tree, True Papaw, Asimina Triloba Passifloreæ Fruit Remedy for haemoptysis, bleeding piles, ulcers of urinary [Paw paw] [Annonaceæ] passages, ringworms and aggravated symptoms of dyspepsia.
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Passion Flower, [Maypop, Passiflora Incarnata Passifloreæ Herb Somnifacient useful in neuralgia, sleeplessness, Purple Passionflower, Wild [Passifloraceæ] sysmenorrhoea. Passion Vine] Night-Blooming Cereus, Cactus Grandiflorus Cacteæ Flowering Sedative; Diuretic. Useful in diseases of the heart when [Sweet-Scented Cactus, [Selenicereus [Cactaceæ] Branches there is an irregularity of action. Queen of the Night, Vanilla grandiflorus] Cactus Mescal Buttons, [Peyote Anhalonium Lewini Cacteæ Tops Powerful Cardiac and Respiratory Stimulant. Used in Cactus] [Anhalonium Lewinii] [Cactaceæ] medicine in angina pectoris and asthmatic dyspnea. A powerful habit forming narcotic and intoxicant. Mezereon Bark, [February Daphne Mezereum Thymeleaceæ Bark Sialagogue; Stimulant; Alterative. Used externally as a Daphne, Mezereon, [Thymelaeaceæ] Vesicant. Mezereum, Spurge Laurel, Spurge Olive] Pomegranate Punica Granatum Punicaceæ Stem-Bark, Astringent; Taenifuge. [Lythraceæ] Root-Bark Pomegranate Rind Punica Granatum Punicaceæ Rind of Fruit Astringent; Taenifuge. [Lythraceæ] Eucalyptus, [Tasmanian Blue Eucalyptus Globulus Myrtaceæ Leaves Febrifuge; Stimulant; Astringent. Volatile oil used as Gum, Southern Blue Gum, Antiseptic. Blue Gum] Oil of Eucalyptus Eucalyptus Globulus Myrtaceæ Volatile oil from Antiseptic, frequently used as an inhalant in respiratory leaves diseases. Red Gum, Creek Gum, Eucalyptus Rostrata, Myrtaceæ Resin Good Astringent. Checks the purging of mercurial pills Murray Red Gum, Red Gum [Eucalyptus Robusta, administered for syphilis. Has been recommended for Kino, Eucalypti Gummi, Eucalyptus Camaldulensis] seasickness. [River Red Gum] Oil of Bay, (Bay Leaves, Myrcia Acris Myrtaceæ Volatile oil from Aromatic. Wax Myrtle, Wild Clove [Pimenta Racemosa] leaves Leaves), [West Indian Bay Tree, Bay Rum Tree, Ciliment] Cheken, [Huillipeta, White Eugenia Chekan Myrtaceæ Leaves Tonic; Expectorant; Diuretic. Chilean Myrtle, Arrayán [Luma Chequen] Blanco, Chequén] Cloves Eugenia Aromatica Myrtaceæ Flower Buds Stimulant; Carminative. Mostly used as a synergist. [Syzygium Aromaticum] Oil of Clove Eugenia Aromatica Myrtaceæ Volatile Oil Stimulant; Carminative. Mostly used as a synergist. [Syzygium Aromaticum] Commonly used to treat aching, carious tooth.
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Allspice, [Myrtle Pepper, Pimenta Officinalis Myrtaceæ Fruit Stimulant; Carminative, and as an adjuvant to tonic and Jamaica Pepper, Pimenta, [Pimenta Dioica] purgative mixtures. Turkish Venibahar, Newspice] Oil of Allspice Pimenta Officinalis Myrtaceæ Volatile oil from Stimulant; Aromatic. [Pimenta Dioica] Fruit Java Plum, Jambul, Eugenia Jambolana Myrtaceæ Various parts All parts of the tree are Astringent. But the bark and [Jambolan, Jamblang, Jamun] [Syzygium Cumini] especially the seeds possess the property of arresting the formation of sugar in diabetes. Oil of Cajuput [Weeping Melaleuca Leucadendron Myrtaceæ Volatile oil from Highly Stimulant; Carminative and a Counter-Irritant in Paperbark, Long-Leaved [Melaleuca Leucadendra] leaves rheumatism. Paperbark, White Paperbark] Myrobolans, [Yellow or Terminalia Chebula Combretaceæ Fruit Mild Laxative; Astringent Chebulic Myrobalan] Willow-Herb, Epilobium, Epilobium Angustifolium Onagrarieæ Herb Demulcent; Astringent. [Rosebay Willowherb, Great [Chamerion [Onagraceæ] Willow-Herb, Fireweed] Angustifolium] Evening Primrose, [Evening Oenothera Biennis Onagrarieæ Plant Astringent; Alterative. Star, Sun Drop] [Onagraceæ] Ginseng, [American Ginseng] Panax Quinquefolium Araliaceæ Root Demulcent; Aromatic Stimulant. False Sarsaparilla, Wild Aralia Nudicaulis, Aralia Araliaceæ Rhizome Stimulant; Diaphoretic; Alterative. Licorice, [Wild Sarsaparilla, Racemosa Shot Bush, Small Spikenard, Rabbit Root] Dwarf Elder, [Bristly Aralia Hispida Araliaceæ Rhizome Diuretic used in dropsy. Sarsaparilla] Anise, [Aniseed] Pimpinella Anisum Umbelliferæ Fruit Stimulant; Aromatic Carminative. [Apiaceæ] Oil of Anise Pimpinella Anisum Umbelliferæ Volatile oil from Aromatic. [Apiaceæ] Fruit Fennel Fœniculum Vulgare Umbelliferæ Fruit Stimulant; Carminative; Stomachic; Corrective. [Apiaceæ] Oil of Fennel Fœniculum Vulgare Umbelliferæ Volatile oil from Stimulant; Carminative; Corrective of harsh purgative [Apiaceæ] Fruit preparations. Poison Hemlock Conium Maculatum Umbelliferæ Fruit Narcotic; Sedative; Paralyzant to the motor nerves. [Apiaceæ] Hemlock Leaves Conium Maculatum Umbelliferæ Leaves Anodyne and Antispasmodic for controlling maniacal [Apiaceæ] excitement and spasmodic affections, such as whooping cough, etc.
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Caraway, [Meridian Fennel, Carum Carvi Umbelliferæ Fruit Stimulant; Stomachic; Carminative; Adjuvant. Persian Cumin] Oil of Caraway Carum Carvi Umbelliferæ Volatile Oil Stimulant; Stomachic; Carminative; Adjuvant. Coriander, [Cilantro, Chinese Coriandrum Sativum Umbelliferæ Fruit Feeble Aromatic and Stimulant. Parsley or Dhania] [Apiaceæ] Oil of Coriander Coriandrum Sativum Umbelliferæ Volatile Oil Aromatic; Stimulant; Carminative. [Apiaceæ] Dill Fruit, Dill Seed Anethum Graveolens Umbelliferæ Fruit Stimulant; Stomachic; Carminative. [Apiaceæ] Celery Apium Graveolens Umbelliferæ Fruit Stimulant; Antispasmodic; Carminative; Emmenagogue. [Apiaceæ] Oil of Ajowan [Ajwain, Carum Ajowan Umbelliferæ Volatile Oil Carminative; Stomachic. Carom, Bishop’s Weed] [Apiaceæ] Oil of Thyme [Common Thymus Vulgaris Umbelliferæ Searopten Stimulant; Powerful Antiseptic. Used in hookworm Thyme, German Thyme, [Lamiaceæ] disease. Garden Thyme] Parsley [Garden Parsley] Petroselinum Sativum Umbelliferæ Root Emmenagogue; Carminative; Laxative; Diuretic in [Apiaceæ] nephritic and dropsical affections. [Parsley Fruit] Petroselinum Sativum Umbelliferæ Fruit Emmenagogue; Carminative; Laxative; Diuretic in [Apiaceæ] nephritic and dropsical affections. Water Dropwort, Oenanthe Phellandrium Umbelliferæ Fruit Slightly Narcotic; Stimulant, but more particularly used Five-Leaved Water Hemlock, [Apiaceæ] in chronic affections of the air passages, such as in [Water Fennel] bronchitis. Oil of Cumin [Cummin] Cuminum Cyminum Umbelliferæ Volatile Oil from Carminative; Strong Stimulant. [Apiaceæ] Seeds Carrot, [Wild Carrot, Bird’s Daucus Carota Umbelliferæ Fruit Aromatic Stimulant; Diuretic. Nest, Bishop’s Lace, Queen [Apiaceæ] Anne’s Lace] American Angelica, Angelica Atropurpurea Umbelliferæ Root Aromatic Stimulant, Stomachic; Carminative. [Purplestem Angelica, Great [Apiaceæ] Angelica, Masterwort] European or Garden Angelica Officinalis Umbelliferæ Root Aromatic Stimulant, Stomachic; Carminative. Angelica, [Holy Ghost, Wild [Angelica Archangelica] [Apiaceæ] Celery, Norwegian Angelica] Asapetida, [Asafoetida, Ferula Asafoetida and Umbelliferæ Gum-Resin Stimulation Antispasmodic; efficient Expectorant and Asant, Food of the gods, some other species of [Apiaceæ] used as a remedy of spasmodic affections of the Jowani Badian, Stinking Ferula respiratory tract, as whooping cough, asthma, etc. Gum, Devil’s Dung,] Laxative, especially useful in cases of flatulence.
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Galbanum Ferula Galbaniflua Umbelliferæ Gum-Resin Stimulant; Expectorant; Antispasmodic. [Apiaceæ] Gum Ammoniac, Dorema Ammoniacum Umbelliferæ Gum-Resin Stimulating Expectorant; Antispasmodic; Laxative. Ammoniacum [Apiaceæ] Musk Root, [Jatamansi] Ferula Sumbul Umbelliferæ Rhizomes and Antispasmodic; Stimulant; Tonic. [Apiaceæ] Roots Masterwort Imperatoria Ostruthium Umbelliferæ Root Stimulant; Aromatic. [Peucedanum Ostruthium] [Apiaceæ] White Gentian, [Broad- Laserpitium Latifolium Umbelliferæ Root Tonic; Stimulant. Leaved Sermountain] [Apiaceæ] Lovage Ligusticum Levisticum Umbelliferæ Root Aromatic Stimulant; Carminative; Adjuvant to tonic [Levisticum Officinale] [Apiaceæ] mixtures. Pimpernel, [Burnet- Pimpinella Saxifraga Umbelliferæ Root Chronic Catarrh in asthma, dropsy, amenorrhea and as a Saxifrage, Solidstem Burnet [Apiaceæ] Masticatory in toothaches. Saxifrage] Thapsia, [Deadly Carrots] Thapsia Garganica Umbelliferæ Root A Counter-Irritant in rheumatism, gout, bruises, etc. [Apiaceæ] American Water Hemlock, Cicuta Maculata Umbelliferæ Roots and Leaves Poisonous; Sedative; Narcotic. Wild Parsnip, [Spotted Water [Apiaceæ] Hemlock, Spotted Cowbane, Suicide Root] Water Eryngo, Rattlesnake’s Eryngium Aquaticum Umbelliferæ Root Diaphoretic; Expectorant. Master, [Bitter Snakeroot, [Apiaceæ] Marsh Eryngo, Corn Snakeroot] Sweet Cicely, [Aniseroot, Osmorrhiza Longistylis Umbelliferæ Root Aromatic, Stomachic; Carminative; Expectorant. Longstyle Sweetroot, [Osmorhiza Longistylis] [Apiaceæ] Licorice Root, Wild Anise] Dogwood, [Flowering Cornus Florida Cornaceæ Root-Bark Tonic; Astringent; Antiperiodic in intermittent fevers. Dogwood] California Fever Bush, Garrya Fremontii Cornaceæ Leaves Tonic; Antiperiodic in chills and fevers. [Bearbrush, Frémont’s [Garryaceæ] Silktassel] Bearberry, Uva Ursi, Arctostaphylos Uva Ursi Ericaceæ Leaves Astringent; Tonic; Diuretic. Valuable in ulcerations of [Kinnikinnick, Pinemat the kidneys, bladder, or urinary passages. Used in Manzanita] cystitis. Manzanito, [Bigberry Arctostaphylos Glauca Ericaceæ Leaves Astringent. Manzanita]
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Wintergreen, Checkerberry, Gaultheria Porcumbens Ericaceæ Leaves Stimulant; Astringent; Diuretic. Partridge Berry, [Boxberry, Eastern Teaberry] Oil of Wintergreen Gaultheria Porcumbens Ericaceæ Volatile Oil Stimulant; Astringent; Diuretic, Aromatic. Prince’s Pine, Pipsissewa, Chimaphila Umbellata Ericaceæ Leaves Astringent; Tonic; Diuretic. Used in scrofula and other [Umbellate Wintergreen] cutaneous eruptions. Trailing Arbutus, Gravel Epigaea Repens Ericaceæ Leaves Astringent; Tonic; Diuretic. Particularly valuable for Plant, [Mayflower] treating local irritation of the urinary organs. [Creeping Blueberry] Vaccinium Crassifolium Ericaceæ Leaves Astringent; Tonic; Diuretic. Mountain Laurel, Kalmia Latifolia Ericaceæ Leaves Astringent; Sedative to the heart; Antisyphilitic. Used Spoonwood, [Calico-Bush] externally to treat skin diseases. (In sheep and other small animals purported to have toxic and narcotic properties.) Labrador Tea, [Bog Labrador Ledum Latifolium Ericaceæ Leaves Astringent; Tonic; Alterative. Poisonous in large doses. Tea] [Rhododendron groenlandicum] Sourwood, [Sorrel Tree] Oxydendrum Arboreum Ericaceæ Leaves Tonic; Diuretic; Refrigerant. Used to treat dropsy. Great Laurel, [Great Rhododendron Maximum Ericaceæ Leaves Tonic; Diuretic; Astringent; Expectorant. Rhododendron, Rosebay Rhododendron, American Rhododendron] [False Black Pepper, White- Embelia Ribes Myrseneæ Fruit Taenifuge. Flowered Embelia] [Primulaceæ] Marsh Rosemary, [Statice, Statice Limonium Plumbagineæ Root Astringent used in ulcerations of the mouth and throat. Sea-Lavender] [Plumbaginaceæ] Used to treat diarrhea. Baycuru Statice Brasiliensis Plumbagineæ Root Very powerful Astringent. [Limonium Brasiliensis] [Plumbaginaceæ] Scarlet Pimpernel, [Red Anagallis Arvensis Primulaceæ Plant Used locally to treat ulcers and internally to treat Pimpernel, Poorman’s consumption, dropsy, etc. Barometer, Shepard’s Clock, Red Chickweed, Poor Man’s Weather-Glass] Monesia Lucuma Glycyphlaea Sapotaceæ Extract Stomachic Stimulant; Alterative; Astringent. Used in diarrhea, hemorrhages, in astringent gargles, and externally to treat scrofulous ulcers. Persimmon, [American, Diospyros Virginiana Ebenarceæ Fruit Very Astringent. Used to treat uterine hemorrhage, Common and Eastern [Ebenaceæ] leucorrhoea, and sore throat. Persimmon, Simmon, Possumwood, Sugar-Plum]
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Benzoin, [Gum Benjamin Styrax Benzoin Styraceæ Balsamic Resin Stimulant; Diaphoretic. Used locally as Stimulant and Tree, Loban, Kemenyan, [Styracaceæ] Irritant and in tooth powders and fumigations. Onycha, Sumatra Benzoin Tree] Manna, [Manna Ash, South Fraxinus Ornus Oleaceæ Exudation Gentle Laxative. European Flowering Ash] Sweet Oil, Olive Oil Olea Europaea Oleaceæ Fixed Oil Nutritive; Laxative. Externally as a Protective; Emollient. White Ash, [American Ash] Fraxinus Americana Oleaceæ Bark Emmenagogue. Black Ash Fraxinus Sambucifolia Oleaceæ Bark Tonic; Astringent. [Fraxinus Nigra] Fringe Tree [White Fringe Chionanthus Virginica Oleaceæ Root-Bark Tonic; Aperient; Diuretic. Tree] [Chionanthus Virginicus] Privet, [Common Privet, Ligustrum Vulgare Oleaceæ Leaves Astringent. Decoction used to treat sore throats, European Privet, Wild Privet] ulcerations of the mouth, stomach and intestines. Dog Button, Quaker Button, Strychnos Nux Vomica Loganiaceæ Seed Tonic; Spinal Nervine; Poison. In small doses stimulates [Strychnine Tree, Semen the appetite, digestion, respiration. Strychnos, Nux Vomica, Poison Nut] St. Ignatius’ Bean Strychnos Ignatia Loganiaceæ Seed Tonic; Spinal Nervine; Poison. In small doses stimulates [Strychnos Ignatii] the appetite, digestion, respiration. Tropical Bindweed, Hoang- Strychnos Malaccensis Loganiaceæ Bark Remedy in leprosy and hydrophobia. Antisyphilitic and nan, Hwang-noa [Strychnos Gaultheriana] alterative. Yellow Jasmine, [Carolina Gelsemium Sempervirens Loganiaceæ Rhizome Antispasmodic; Sedative; Diaphoretic. Jasmine or Jessamine, [Gelsemiaceæ] Evening Trumpetflower, Gelsemium, Woodbine] Pink Root, Carolina Pink, Spigelia Marilandica Loganiaceæ Rhizome Powerful Anthelmintic. [Woodland Pinkroot, Indian Pink] Curare, Woorari Strychnos Castelnaeana Loganiaceæ Extract Poison. Strong Depressant of motor nerves, causing a [Strychnos Toxifera] gradual loss of muscular power, deepened respiration, and death by asphyxia. Of little medical value but has been used to treat tetanus, hydrophobia, epilepsy and chorea. Gentian [Great Yellow Gentiana Lutea Gentianeæ Rhizome and Bitter Tonic. Gentian] [Gentianaceæ] Roots American Columbo, [Frasera, Frasera Walteri Gentianeæ Root Bitter Tonic. Green Gentian] [Gentianaceæ]
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Chiretta, [Felwort] Swertia Chirayita Gentianeæ Plant Bitter Tonic. [Gentianaceæ] Centaury, Sabbatia Centaurium Contanrium Gentianeæ Flowering Plant Tonic; Antiperiodic. [Gentianaceæ] Water Shamrock, Buckbean, Menyanthes Trifoliata Gentianeæ Herb Bitter Tonic. In large doses Cathartic. [Menyanthes, Bogbean] [Menyanthaceæ] Canadian Hemp, [Dogbane, Apocynum Cannabinum Apocynaceæ Rhizome A valuable Diuretic in moderate doses. In large doses Amy Root, Hemp Dogbane, Emetic and Cathartic, producing considerable Prairie Dogbane, Indian diaphoresis and expectoration; most used and most Hemp, Rheumatism Root, beneficial in dropsy. Valuable Deobstruent in relieving Wild Cotton] renal congestion in the second stage of tubular nephritis. Heart tonic. Quebracho, [Kebrako, White Aspidosperma Quebracho Apocynaceæ Bark Cardiac Tonic. Its special action, however, is upon the Quebracho] Blancho respiration, lessening the rate and increasing the amplitude of the repiratory movements; it is chiefly used in asthmatic dysnoea (shortness of breath). Australian Fever Bark, Alstonia Constricta Apocynaceæ Bark Tonic; Antiperiodic. [Quinine Bush, Bitterbark] Dita, [Blackboard Tree, Alstonia Scholaris Apocynaceæ Bark Same properties as Cinchona [Peruvian Bark]. Indian Devil Tree, Ditabark, Milkwood Pine, White Cheesewood, Pulai] Conessi, [Bitter Oleander, Holarrhena Apocynaceæ Bark Used to treat dysentery. Connessi Bark, Kurchi Bark, Antidysenterica Dysentery Rose Bay, Tellicherry Bark] Strophanthus Strophanthus Kombé Apocynaceæ Seed Used in all forms of cardiac disease to supplant digitalis. It has diuretic action similar to digitalis through its action on the circulation, and also by direct promotion of urinary secretion, and is especially indicated in cardiac dropsy as being superior to digitalis. Oleander, [Nerium Oleander] Nerium Odorum Apocynaceæ Leaves Heart Stimulant. [Oleandrin is a cardiac poison.] Yellow Flowered Nightshade, Urechites Apocynaceæ Herb Cardiac Poison. [Yellow Mandevilla, Wild [Urechites Lutea, Allamanda, Hammock Pentalinon Luteum] Viper’s-Tail, Wild Wist, Yellow Dipladenia] [Butterfly Weed] Asclepias Tuberosa Asclepiadeæ Root Diaphoretic Expectorant [Apocynaceæ]
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Common Silk-Weed, Asclepias Cornuti Asclepiadeæ Rhizome Diuretic; Alterative; Expectorant. Recommended in Milk-Weed [Apocynaceæ] pectoral affections and in dropsy. Swamp Milk-Weed Asclepias Incarnata Asclepiadeæ Rhizome Emetic; Alterative; Cathartic. [Apocynaceæ] Blood Flower Asclepias Curassavica Asclepiadeæ Herb Emetic. In smaller doses Cathartic; Vermifuge. [Apocynaceæ] Indian Sarsaparilla Hemidesmus Indicus Asclepiadeæ Root Alterative. [Apocynaceæ] Condurango, [Cundurango] Gonolubus Condurango Asclepiadeæ Bark Alterative. [Apocynaceæ] Jalapa, [Jalap] Exogonium Purga Convolvulaceæ Root Hydragogue Cathartic, generally used to treat dropsy. [Ipomoea Purga] Wild Jalap, Man-Root, Ipomoea Pandurata Convolvulaceæ Root Diuretic; Cathartic. Man of the Earth, [Wild Potato Vine, Wild Rhubarb] Scammony Convolvulus Scammonia Convolvulaceæ Gum Resin Harsh hydragogue Cathartic. Scammony Root Convolvulus Scammonia Convolvulaceæ Root Harsh hydragogue Cathartic. Abscess Root, [Sweatroot, Polemonium Reptans Polemoniaceæ Root Alterative; Astringent; Diaphoretic; Expectorant. Creeping Jacob’s Ladder, American Greek Valerian, Blue Bells, Stairway to Heaven] Yerba Santa, Mountain Balm, Eriodictyon Californicum Hydrophyllaceæ Leaves Stimulant balsamic Expectorant. Comsumptive’s Weed, [Bear [Boraginaceæ] Weed] Comfrey, [Common or True Symphytum Officinale Borraginaceæ Root Demulcent; Vulnerary. Comfrey, Quaker Comfrey, [Boraginaceæ] Boneset, Knitbone, Consound, Slippery-Root] Borage, [Starflower] Borago Officinalis Borraginaceæ Leaves Diuretic; Refrigerant; Demulcent. [Boraginaceæ]
Lungwort, Pulmonaria Officinalis Borraginaceæ Leaves Pectoral; Demulcent. [Our Lady’s Milk Drops] [Boraginaceæ]
[Aztec Sweet Herb, Bushy Lippia Dulcis Verbenaceæ Leaves Demulcent; Expectorant. Lippia, Honeyherb, Hierba [Phyla Dulcis] Dulce, Tzopelic-Xihuitl]
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties American Blue Vervain, Verbena Hastata Verbenaceæ Root and Herb Tonic; Expectorant. Hot infusion is used as a sudorific [Swamp Verbena] in colds, etc. White Vervain Verbena Urticæfolia Verbenaceæ Root Febrifuge. Credited with a cure for the opium habit. [Verbena Urticifolia] Tonga [combined drug] Premna Taitensis Verbenaceæ Bark, Leaves, Treat neuralgia. combined with Woody Fibers Rhaphidophora Vitiensis Peppermint Mentha Piperita Labiatæ Herb Carminative; diffusive Stimulant. [Lamiaceæ] Oil of Peppermint Mentha Piperita Labiatæ Volatile Oil Aromatic. [Lamiaceæ] Menthol Mentha Piperita Labiatæ Stearopten Aromatic. Treat acute coryza. [Lamiaceæ] Spearmint Mentha Spicata Labiatæ Leaves Carminative; an Antispasmodic of milder property than [Lamiaceæ] peppermint, often preferred in infantile cases. Oil of Spearmint Mentha Spicata Labiatæ Volatile Oil Aromatic. [Lamiaceæ] American Pennyroyal, Hedeoma Pulegioides Labiatæ Herb [American False Pennyroyal] [Lamiaceæ] Oil of Pennyroyal Hedeoma Pulegioides Labiatæ Volatile Oil Stimulant; Carminative; Emmenagogue. [Lamiaceæ] Horehound, [White Marrubium Vulgare Labiatæ Herb Bitter Tonic. Laxative in large doses. Used in catarrh Horehound, Common [Lamiaceæ] and chronic affections of the lungs attended by copious Horehound] expectoration. Balm, [Lemon Balm, Melissa Officinalis Labiatæ Herb Carminative; Stimulant; Diaphoretic. Common Balm, Balm Mint] [Lamiaceæ] Skullcap, [Blue Skullcap, Scutellaria Lateriflora Labiatæ Herb Tonic; Antispasmodic. Mad Dog Skullcap, Side- [Lamiaceæ] Flowering Skullcap] Wild Marjoram, [Oregano] Origanum Vulgare Labiatæ [Lamiaceæ] Herb Oil of Origanum, [Oil of Origanum Vulgare Labiatæ Volatile Oil Used in liniments. Oregano] [Lamiaceæ] Dittany, [Stone Mint, Frost Cunila Mariana Labiatæ Herb Carminative; Sudorific. Mint, American Dittany] [Cunila Origanoides] [Lamiaceæ] Ground Ivy, [Gill-Over-The- Glechoma Hederacea Labiatæ Herb Pectoral; Tonic; Diuretic. Ground, Creeping Charlie, [Lamiaceæ] Alehoof, Tunhoof, Catsfoot, Field Balm, Run-Away- Robin, Creeping Jenny]
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Bugle, [Virginia Water Lycopus Virginicus Labiatæ Herb Astringent; Sedative. Horehound, Sweet [Lamiaceæ] Bugleweed, Water Bugle, Carpenter’s Herb, Green Archangel, Purple Archangel, Paul’s Betony, Woodbetony, Wolf Foot, Egyptian’s Herb] Sweet Marjoram, [Knotted Origanum Majorana Labiatæ Herb Carminative; Stimulant; Emmenagogue. Marjoram, Pot Marjoram] [Lamiaceæ] Wild Thyme, [Breckland Thymus Serpyllum Labiatæ Herb Carminative; Stimulant; Tonic; Emmenagogue. Thyme, Creeping Thyme] [Lamiaceæ] Motherwort, [Throw-Wort, Leonurus Cardiaca Labiatæ Herb Tonic; Expectorant. Lion’s Ear, Lion’s Tail] [Lamiaceæ] Horsemint, [Spotted Monarda Punctata Labiatæ Herb Carminative; Emmenagogue; Nervine. Beebalm] [Lamiaceæ] Oil of Horsemint Monarda Punctata Labiatæ Volatile Oil Used as an embrocation and as an addition to stimulating [Lamiaceæ] liniments. Wild Bergamot, [Bee Balm] Monarda Fistulosa Labiatæ Leaves In large doses Diaphoretic. [Lamiaceæ] Hyssop Hyssopus Officinalis Labiatæ Herb Carminative; Sudorific; Stimulant. [Lamiaceæ] Catnip, [Catswort, Catmint] Nepeta Cataria Labiatæ Herb Carminative; Stimulant; Tonic; Diaphoretic. [Lamiaceæ] Germander, [Wall Teucrium Chamaedrys Labiatæ Herb Aromatic Stimulant. Used in gout remedy. Germander] [Lamiaceæ] Dead Nettle, [White Nettle, Lamium Album Labiatæ Herb Active Hemostatic. White Dead-Nettle] [Lamiaceæ] Sage, [Garden Sage, Salvia Officinalis Labiatæ Leaves Stimulant; Tonic; Astringent; Vulnerary. Common Sage] [Lamiaceæ] Rosemary Rosmarinus Officinalis Labiatæ Leaves Carminative; Stimulant; Diaphoretic; Emmenagogue. [Lamiaceæ] Oil of Rosemary Rosmarinus Officinalis Labiatæ Volatile Oil Stimulant; Aromatic; Carminative. In local applications [Lamiaceæ] used in the treatment of chronic rheumatism, sprains, etc. Garden Thyme, [Common Thymus Vulgaris Labiatæ Leaves Carminative; Tonic; Antispasmodic. Thyme, German Thyme] [Lamiaceæ] Oil of Thyme Thymus Vulgaris Labiatæ Volatile Oil Antiseptic. [Lamiaceæ] Java Tea, [Misai Kucing] Orthosiphon Stamineus Labiatæ Leaves Used as a Diuretic and in Gravel. [Lamiaceæ]
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Mountain Mint, [Koellias] Pycnanthemum Montanum Labiatæ Leaves Stimulant; Tonic; Carminative. [Lamiaceæ] Summer Savory Satureia Hortensis Labiatæ Leaves Stimulant; Carminative; Emmenagogue. [Satureja Hortensis] [Lamiaceæ] Yerba Buena Micromeria Douglasii Labiatæ Leaves Aromatic Stimulant; Tonic; Emmenagogue. [Lamiaceæ] Sweet Basil, [Basil, Thai Ocimum Basilicum Labiatæ Leaves Aromatic; Stimulant; Tonic. Basil, Saint Joseph’s Wort]] [Lamiaceæ] [Wood Betony, Bishopwort, Stachys Betonica, [Stachy Labiatæ Leaves Used in atonic dyspepsia, rheumatism, hepatic diseases, Common Hedgenettle, Officinalis, Betonica [Lamiaceæ] etc. Betony, Purple Betony, Officinalis] Wood Betony] Garden Lavender, [English Lavandula Vera Labiatæ Flowers Stimulant; Carminative. Lavender, True Lavender, [Lavandula Angustifolia] [Lamiaceæ] Narrow-Leaved Lavender] Oil of Lavender Lavandula Officinalis Labiatæ Volatile Oil Aromatic. [Lavandula Angustifolia] [Lamiaceæ] Oil of Spike, Lavandula Spica Labiatæ Volatile Oil Used as an embrocation in rheumatic affections. [Spike Lavender, [Lavandula Latifolia] [Lamiaceæ] Broadleaved Lavender, Portuguese Lavender] Stone Root, [Canada Collinsonia Canadensis Labiatæ Rhizome Diaphoretic; Diuretic; Irritant. Horsebalm, Richweed, [Lamiaceæ] Hardhack, Heal-All, Horseweed, Ox-Balm] Deadly Nightshade, Atropa Belladonna Solanaceæ Root Applied externally belladonna is Anodyne and Belladonna Anesthetic. Internally the activity of the peripheral terminations of all the secretory nerves in the body is depressed. Dropped into the eye, solutions of belladonna quickly dialate the pupils and accommodation is paralyzed. Upon the heart it has a stimulating action; toxic doses abolish the function of the cardiac muscles and the heart stops in diastole. Deadly Nightshade, Atropa Belladonna Solanaceæ Leaves Applied externally belladonna is Anodyne and Belladonna Anesthetic. Internally the activity of the peripheral terminations of all the secretory nerves in the body is depressed. Dropped into the eye, solutions of belladonna quickly dialate the pupils and accommodation is paralyzed. Upon the heart it has a stimulating action;
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties toxic doses abolish the function of the cardiac muscles and the heart stops in diastole. Manaca, [Manacán, Chiric Brunfelsia Hopiana Solanaceæ Roots Treat chronic subacute rheumatism as a powerful Sanango, Chuchuwasha, alterative. Manaka, Vegetable Mercury, Managá Caa, Gambá, Jeratacaca, Good Night, Santa Maria, White Tree] Scopola, [European Scopolia, Scopola Carniolica Solanaceæ Rhizome Applied externally scopolo is Anodyne and Anesthetic. Henbane Bell] [Scopolia Carniolica] Internally the activity of the peripheral terminations of all the secretory nerves in the body is depressed. Dropped into the eye, solutions of scopolo quickly dialate the pupils and accommodation is paralyzed. Upon the heart it has a stimulating action; toxic doses abolish the function of the cardiac muscles and the heart stops in diastole. Thornapple, Jimson Weed, Datura Stramonium Solanaceæ Leaves Stramonium acts similarly to belladonna in every [Devil’s Snare, Moon Flower, particular, but more strongly, and chiefly on the Hell’s Bells, Stinkweed, sympathetic system, without affecting the motor or Locoweed, Pricklyburr] sensory nerves. Its chief use is in asthma. Henbane, [Black Henbane, Hyoscyamus Niger Solanaceæ Leaves Anodyne; Hypnotic; Narcotic. Used to relieve the pain Stinking Nightshade] of hemorrhoids, cancerous and other ulcers. Henbane, [Black Henbane, Hyoscyamus Niger Solanaceæ Seeds Anodyne; Hypnotic; Narcotic. Used to relieve the pain Stinking Nightshade] of hemorrhoids, cancerous and other ulcers. Tabacco Nicotiana Tabacum Solanaceæ Leaves Narcotic; Sedative; Diuretic; Emetic. Rarely used in medicine. [Corkwood] Duboisia Myoporoides Solanaceæ Leaves Action nearly identical to belladonna, except that they are less of a cerebral excitant and more calmative and hypnotic. Pichi Fabiana Imbricata Solanaceæ Stems and leafy A terebinthinate Diuretic, used in gravel, cystitis, and branches diseases of the genito-urinary tract when the kidneys are not inflamed. Bittersweet, Woody Solanum Dulcamara Solanaceæ Young branches A feeble Narcotic and Anodyne. Chiefly employed as an Nightshade, [Blue Bindweed, Alterative and Resolvent in skin diseases, particularly Amara Dulcis, Fellenwort, those of a scaly character. Poisonberry, Poisonflower, Scarlet Berry, Snakeberry] Horse Nettle, [Carolina Solanum Carolinense Solanaceæ Herb Used to treat epilepsy. Horsenettle, Radical Weed, Sand Brier, Apple of Sodom]
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Cayenne Pepper, Capsicum Frutescens Solanaceæ Fruit Externally used as a Rubefacient. Internally used as a Red Pepper powerful Stimulant. Used to treat malignant sore throat and scarlet fever. Tomato, [Currant Tomato] Lycopersicum Esculentum Solanaceæ Fruit Curative action on ulcerated mucous membranes. [Lycopersicon Pimpinellifolium] Foxglove, [Common Digitalis Purpurea Scrophulariaceæ Leaves Cardiac Tonic; Stimulant; Diuretic. It slows the heart’s Foxglove, Purple Foxglove, [Plantaginaceæ] action and increases its force, and by stimulating the Lady’s Glove] vascular nervous system causes contraction of the arterioles and therefore greatly increases arterial tension. Its efficient diuretic action in cardiac diseases is due to its peculiar effects upon the general and renal circulations. Eyebright Euphrasia Officinalis Scrophulariaceæ Leaves Acute nasal Catarrh. [Orobanchaceæ] Mullein [Great Mullein, Verbascum Thapsus Scrophulariaceæ Flowers and Good Demulcent; Emollient; Anodyne. Used in pectoral Common Mullein] Leaves complaints, especially consumption, in which it is said to relieve the cough and also to improve the nutrition. Dried leaves are sometimes smoked for nasal catarrh. Leptandra, Culver’s Root, Veronica Virginica Scrophulariaceæ Rhizome and Cholagogue Cathartic. Culver’s Physic, Bowman’s [Veronicastrum [Plantaginaceæ] Roots Root, Black Root] Virginicum] Speedwell, [Health Veronica Officinalis Scrophulariaceæ Herb Alterative; Diuretic; Expectorant. Speedwell, Common [Plantaginaceæ] Gypsyweed, Paul’s Betony] Figwort, [Woodland Figwort, Scrophularia Nodosa Scrophulariaceæ Herb Alterative; Diuretic; Anodyne. Used in hepatic diseases, Common Figwort] scrofula, cutaneous diseases, dropsy, and as a depurative. Balmony, Snake-Head, Chelone Glabra Scrophulariaceæ Herb Tonic; Anthelmintic; Laxative. Peculiar action on the [White Turtlehead, [Plantaginaceæ] liver. Largely used as external application on diseases of Turtlebloom, Shellflower] the skin. Beech-Drop, Cancer-Root Epiphegus Virginiana Orobanchaceæ Herb Astringent. Popular belief that it was beneficial in [Epifagus Virginiana] treating cancerous ulcers. Newbouldia, Ogilisi Newbouldia Laevis Bignoniaceæ Root-Bark Astringent in diarrhea and dysentery. Caroba, [Carob-tree, Jacaranda Procera Bignoniaceæ Leaves Alterative; Antisyphilitic. Caaroba] Benné, [Sesame] Sesamum Indicum Pedalineæ Leaves Demulcent. [Pedaliaceæ] Plantain, [Broadleaf Plantain, Plantago Major Plantagineæ Leaves Stimulant to external sores. Greater Plantain] [Plantaginaceaæ]
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Ipecac, [Ipecacuanha] Cephaelis Ipecacuanha Rubiaceæ Root When locally applied, acts as a Counter-Irritant. Small [Carapichea Ipecacuanha] doses are Diaphoretic and Expectorant. In large doses it acts as a Systemic Emetic. In minute doses, it acts as a Stomachic, aiding digestion. Used as a remedy to dysentery. Ipecac when deprived of its Emetine, possesses its full antidysenteric properties, without the drawbacks of depression, nausea, etc. Emetine used in the treatment of pyorrhea, Riggs’s disease. Peruvian Bark (Red) Cinchona Succirubra Rubiaceæ Bark The extracted alkaloid, Quinine, is a powerful Antiseptic, destructive, in weak solutions, to infusorial and vegetable life. Internally it stimulates the muscular fibers of the stomach, acting as a Bitter Tonic, invigorating the vital functions and aiding digestion. In large doses the brain is affected, giving rise to symptoms such as fullness, frontal headaches, deafness, ringing in the ears, and mental dullness. This effect is called “cinchonism” attributed to partial anemia of the brain, contraction of the blood vessels. Heart action is depressed. Reflex excitability of the spinal cord is lowered. In the blood, quinine arrests the migration of the white corpuscles and checks its amoeboid movement; the oxygen carrying function of the red corpuscles is impaired; infectious microorganisms in the blood and tissue are probably rendered inactive or destroyed. [Quinine was the first effective Western treatment for malaria.] Cuprea Bark Remijia Pedunculata Rubiaceæ Bark Another source of Quinine. Button Bush, Pond Dogwood, Cephalanthus Occidentalis Rubiaceæ Bark Tonic; Febrifuge; Laxative; Diuretic. Used to treat [Button-Willow, Honey- consumption, coughs and colds. Bells] Squaw Vine, Partridge Berry Mitchella Repens Rubiaceæ Herb Tonic; Astringent; Diuretic. Cleavers, Lady’s Bedstraws, Galium Aparine Rubiaceæ Herb Aperient; Diuretic; Alterative. Used to treat psoriasis and [Clivers, Goosegrass, other skin diseases. Catchweed, Stickyweed, Robin-run-the-Hedge, Grip Grass, Velcro Weed] Coffee, [Coffee Shrub of Coffea Arabica Rubiaceæ Seeds Cerebrospinal Stimulant; Tonic. Aids digestion and Arabia, Mountain Coffee, allays hunger and fatigue by lessening tissue waste. Arabica Coffee] Elder, [American Black Sambucus Canadensis Caprifoliaceæ Flowers Stimulant; Carminative; Diaphoretic. Elderberry] [Adoxaceæ]
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties High Bush Cranberry, Cramp Viburnum Opulus Caprifoliaceæ Bark Antispasmodic. Bark, [Guelder-Rose, Water [Adoxaceæ] Elder, Snowball Tree, European Cranberrybush] Black Haw, [Sweet Haw, Viburnum Prunifolium Caprifoliaceæ Bark of the roots Diuretic, and a Tonic and Sedative to the uterine and Stag Bush, Blackhaw ovarian nerve centers. Used in threatened abortions. Viburnum] Fever Root, Bastard Ipecac, Triosteum Perfoliatum Caprifoliaceæ Root Cathartic and Emetic in large doses. [Feverwort] Valerian, [Garden Valerian, Valeriana Officinalis Caprifoliaceæ Rhizome and Gentle nerve Stimulant and Antispasmodic, employed in Garden Heliotrope, All-Heal] Roots hysterical disorders. Bitter Apple, Koloquinten, Citrullus Colocynthis Cucurbitaceæ Fruit Powerful hydragogue Cathartic. [Colocynth, Bitter Cucumber, Desert Gourd, Egusi, Vine of Sodom, Wild Gord] Bryony, [White Bryony, Wild Bryonia Alba and Bryonia Cucurbitaceæ Root Drastic hydragogue Cathartic. Formally used to treat Hop, False Mandrake, Wild Dioica dropsy. Nep, Tamus, Ladies’ Seal, Tetterbury] Balsam Apple, [African Momordica Balsamina Cucurbitaceæ Fruit Vulnerary. Cucumber, Balsam Pear] Pumpkin Seed, [Pepo] Cucurbita Pepo [Species Cucurbitaceæ Seed Taenifuge. includes pumpkins, zucchini, courgette, yellow summer squash, pattypan squash] Watermelon Seed Cucumis Citrullus Cucurbitaceæ Seed Taenifuge with Diuretic and Demulcent properties. [Citrullus Lanatus] Cucumber Seed Cucumis Sativus Cucurbitaceæ Seed Taenifuge with Diuretic and Demulcent properties. Elaterium, Ecballium Elaterium Cucurbitaceæ Resin Violent Irritant Poison. [Squirting Cucumber, Exploding Cucumber] Elaterin, Elaterinum Ecballium Elaterium Cucurbitaceæ Extract from Powerful hydragogue Cathartic, used in the treatment of elaterium resin dropsy. Indian Tobacco, [Puke Weed] Lobelia Inflata Campanulaceæ Leaves Poisonous; Diaphoretic; Expectorant, used in asthma, whooping cough, and other spasmodic pulmonary affections. In large doses it is a Cathartic and Emetic, but, being a violent gastro-Irritant, it should not be used for these purposes on account of its danger. The species syphilitica is used medically as an antisyphilitic. The species cardinalis is used as an Anthelmintic.
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Dandelion, [Common Taraxacum Officinale Compositæ Rhizome and Deobstruent; Tonic, used in hepatic disorders. Dandelion] [Asteraceae] roots Chicory, [Blue Daisy, Blue Cichorium Intybus Compositæ Roots Bitter Tonic. Dandelion, Blue Sailors, [Asteraceae] Bunk, Blue Weed, Coffeeweed, Cornflower, Hendibeh, Horseweed, Ragged Sailors, Succory, Wild Endive, Wild Bachelor’s Buttons] Roman Pellitory, Pellitory, Anacyclus Pyrethrum and Compositæ Roots Sialagogue in headaches, neuralgic and rheumatic [Mount Atlas Daisy, Spanish Pyrethrum Germanicum [Asteraceae] affections of the face, toothaches, etc., or as a local Chamomile and German Stimulant in palsy of the tongue or throat, or relaxation of Pellitory] the uvula. Insect Flower Pyrethrum Carneum and Compositæ Flowers Insecticide. Pyrethrum Roseum [Asteraceae] Elecampane, [Marchalan, Inula Helenium Compositæ Root Aromatic; gentle Stimulant; Tonic; Diaphoretic; Horse-Heal, Elfdock, Aunée, [Asteraceae] Diuretic; Expectorant; Emmenagogue. Used for Helenio, Enula Campana, dyspepsia and pulmonary troubles. Echter Alant, Enula Campana] Burdock Root, [Arctium Arctium Lappa Compositæ Root Diuretic; Diaphoretic; Alterative. Lappa, Greater Gurdock, [Asteraceae] Gobo, Beggar’s Buttons] Burdock Fruit, [Lappa, Lappæ Fructus Compositæ Fruit Used to treat psoriasis and other skin diseases. Greater Burdock, Gobo, [Asteraceae] Edible Burdock, Beggar’s Buttons] Bearsfoot, [Uvedalia, Yellow Polymnia Uvedalia Compositæ Root Discutient; Anodyne. Used to treat malarial splenic Leaf-Cup, Hairy Leafcup] [Smallanthus Uvedalia] [Asteraceae] enlargements. Button Snakeroot [Marsh Laciniaria Spicata Compositæ Root Diuretic. Blazing Star, Colic Root, [Asteraceae] Devil’s Bite, Prairie-Pine, Gay-Feather] [Pineland False Sunflower] Helianthella Tenuifolia Compositæ Root Aromatic Expectorant; Antispasmodic. [Phoebanthus Tenuifolius] [Asteraceae] [Narrow-Leaved Purple Echinacea Angustifolia Compositæ Root Used to treat phagedenic ulcerations, boils, various forms Coneflower, Blacksamson [Asteraceae] of septicaemia, etc. Echinacea]
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Arnica Root Arnicæ Radix Compositæ Root Stimulant; Tonic. [Arnica Montana] [Asteraceae] Arnica Flowers Arnica Montana Compositæ Flowers Stimulant; Tonic. Used externally as Vulnerary. [Common Arnica, Leopard’s [Asteraceae] Bane, Mountain Tobacco] Canada Thistle, [Creeping Cnicus Arvensis Compositæ Rhizome Astringent Thistle, California Thistle, [Cirsium Arvense] [Asteraceae] Lettuce from Hell Thistle, Corn Thistle, Cursed Thistle, Green Thistle, Way Thistle] Fireweed [Pilewort, Erechtites Hieraciifolia Compositæ Leaves Tonic; Astringent in dysentery. American Burnweed] [Asteraceae] Deer Tongue, Vanilla Leaf Trilisa Odoratissima Compositæ Leaves Aromatic; Stimulant; Tonic; Corrective. [Asteraceae] Black Root, [Dense-Spike Pterocaulon Compositæ Leaves Alterative. Blackroot, Fox-Tail Pycnostachyon [Asteraceae] Blackroot, Coastal Blackroot] [Pterocaulon Pscnostachyum] Guaco [Guace, Cepu, Liane Mikania Compositæ Leaves Febrifuge; Anthelmintic; Alterative; Alexipharmic. Francois, Bejuco de Finca, [Asteraceae] Used to treat epidemic cholera and chronic diarrhea. Matafinca, Vedolin, Huaco, Erva das Serpentes, Coração de Jesus, Erva-de-Cobra] Ragweed [Common Ambrosia Artemislæfolia Compositæ Leaves Astringent; Styptic; Hemostatic. Ragweed, Bitterweed, [Ambrosia artemisiifolia] [Asteraceae] Blackweed, Carrot Weed, Hay Fever Weed, Roman Wormwood, Stickweed, Stammerwort, Tassel Weed, American Wormwood] Ragweed (see above) Ambrosia Artemislæfolia Compositæ Staminate Flowers Tonic; Astringent. Used in treatment of inflammation [Ambrosia artemisiifolia] [Asteraceae] from wounds and injuries; in hemorrhoidal tumors and ulcers; internally for hay fever. Used in treatment of dysmenorrheal. Clotbur, Cocklebur, Xanthium Strumarium Compositæ Leaves Hemostatic; Styptic. [Common Cocklebur, Rough [Asteraceae] Cocklebur, Woolgarie Bur]
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Spiny Clotbur, [Spiny Xanthium Spinosum Compositæ Leaves Diaphoretic; Sialagogue; Diuretic. Purported to ward Cocklebur, Prickly Burweed, [Asteraceae] off hydrophobia. Bathurst Burr] Thoroughwort, Boneset, Eupatorium Perfoliatum Compositæ Leaves Stimulant; Tonic. In large doses Emetic; Cathartic; [Common Boneset] [Asteraceae] Diaphoretic often used in warding off a cold and in fevers. Queen of the Meadow, Eupatorium Purpureum Compositæ Herb Excellent Diuretic; Tonic; Stimulant; somewhat Gravel Root, [Trumpet Weed, [Eutrochium Purpureum] [Asteraceae] Astringent. Sweetscented Joe-Pye Weed, Kidney Root] [Gumweed, Curlycup Grindelia Camporum or Compositæ Herb Antispasmodic; Sedative in asthma. Gumweed, Curly-Top Grindelia Cuneifolia or [Asteraceae] Gumweed, Great Valley Grindelia Squarrosa Gumplant] Tansy, [Common Tansy, Tanacetum Vulgare Compositæ Herb Stimulant; Tonic; Emmenagogue; Anthelmintic. Bitter Buttons, Cow Bitter, [Asteraceae] Volatile oil used as a remedy for amenorrhea. Dangerous Golden Buttons] drug. Wormwood [Absinthium, Artemisia Absinthium Compositæ Herb Stomachic; Tonic; Anthelmintic; Febrifuge. Common Wormwood, Green [Asteraceae] Ginger, Grand Wormwood] Southernwood, Old Man Artemisia Abrotanum Compositæ Herb Anthelmintic. [Lad’s Love, Southern [Asteraceae] Wormwood] Mugwort, [Common Artemisia Vulgaris Compositæ Herb Anthelmintic; Alterative; Emmenagogue. Externally as Wormwood, Felon Herb, [Asteraceae] a Vulnerary. Chrysanthemum Weed, Wild Wormwood, Old Uncle Henry, Sailor’s Tobacco, Naughty Man, St. John’s Plant] Mountain Sage, [Fringed Artemisia Frigida Compositæ Herb Anthelmintic; Antiperiodic. Used as a substitute for Sagebrush, Prairie Sagewort, [Asteraceae] quinine. Arctic Sage, Pasture Sage] Sage Brush, [Big Sagebrush, Artemisia Tridentata Compositæ Herb Anthelmintic. Used for remedies of aromatic, bitter and Great Basin Sagebrush] [Asteraceae] tonic character. Fleabane, Daisy Fleabane, Erigeron Annuus Compositæ Herb Diuretic; Stomachic, used in treatment of gravel and [Annual Fleabane, Eastern [Asteraceae] dropsy. Daisy Bleabane]
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Canada Fleabane, [Canadian Erigeron Canadense Compositæ Herb Diuretic; Stomachic, used in treatment of gravel and Horseweed, Coltstail, [Conyza Canadensis] [Asteraceae] dropsy. Marestail, Butterweed] Oil of Canada Fleabane Erigeron Canadense Compositæ Volatile Oil Stimulant; Diuretic; Hemostatic. [Conyza Canadensis] Life Everlasting, [Cudweeds] Gnaphalium Polycephalum Compositæ Herb Possess little medicinal properties. Used as a tea in [Asteraceae] diarrhea, hemorrhages, etc. Externally as a Vulnerary. Sneezewort, [Common Helenium Autumnale Compositæ Herb In powder form when stuffed up the nose, produces Sneezeweed, Large-Flowered [Asteraceae] violent sneezing. Used as an errhine. Sneezeweed] Yarrow, Milfoil, [Common Achillea Millefolium Compositæ Herb Used as a Vulnerary and occasionally as an internal Yarrow, Nosebleed Plant, [Asteraceae] remedy for hemorrhages and mucous discharges, as in Plumajillo, Gordaldo, Old consumption. Man’s Pepper, Sanguinary, Devil’s Nettle, Thousand- Leaf, Soldier’s Woundwort] Coltsfoot Tussilago Farfara Compositæ Herb Demulcent. [Asteraceae] Blessed Thistle, [Holy Cnicus Benedictus Compositæ Herb Bitter Tonic. In large doses Diaphoretic; Emetic. Thistle, Spotted Thistle, [Asteraceae] Depurative. St. Benedict’s Thistle] Rosin Weed [Compass Plant, Silphium Laciniatum Compositæ Herb and Root Used to treat intermittent fevers, and in dry, obstinate Cut-Leaf Silphium, [Asteraceae] coughs. Pilotweed, Gum Weed, Turpentine Plant] Chinchirocoma, [Scale- Mutisia Viciæ-folia Compositæ Herb Antispasmodic; Cardiac Tonic. Flowers] Elephant’s Foot, [Woolly Elephantopus Tomentosus Compositæ Herb Diaphoretic; Expectorant. In large doses Emetic. Elephant’s Foot, Devil’s [Asteraceae] Grandmother] Thimble Weed, Rudbeckia Laciniata Compositæ Herb Diuretic; Tonic. Used to treat catarrhal affections of the Cone Flower, [Cutleaf [Asteraceae] urinary tract. Coneflower, Goldenglow, Green-Headed Coneflower] Spanish Needles Bidens Bipinnata Compositæ Herb Emmenagogue. [Asteraceae]
Common Name Botanical Name Family Source Medicinal Properties Life-Root, Ragwort, [Golden Senecio Aureus Compositæ Herb Vulnerary; Emmenagogue. Ragwort, St. James Wort, [Packera Aurea] [Asteraceae] Uncum, Waw Weed, Squaw Weed, Cough Weed, Staggerwort, Cocash Weed] Golden Rod, [Anisescented Solidago Odora Compositæ Herb Aromatic; Stimulant; Carminative; Diaphoretic. Goldenrod, Sweet Goldenrod, [Asteraceae] Fragrant Goldenrod] Lettuce-Opium, [Wild Lactuca Virosa Compositæ Concrete milk- Anodyne; Hypnotic; Sedative. Resembling opium in its Lettuce, Bitter Lettuce, juice action, but much feebler and without the depressing after- Poisonous Lettuce, Rakutu- effects. Karyumu-So] Garden Lettuce Lactuca Sativa Compositæ Herb Mild Antispasmodic to allay nervous irritability and [Asteraceae] mental worry. Wild Lettuce, [Canada or Tall Lactuca Canadensis Compositæ Herb Mild Soporific for children. Lettuce, Florida BlueLettuce] [Asteraceae] Feverfew, [Featherfew, Matricaria Parthenium Compositæ Herb Mild Stimulant; Tonic. In large doses Emetic. Bachelor’s Buttons] [Tanacetum Parthenium] [Asteraceae] Wild Chamomile, Mayweed, Anthemis Cotula Compositæ Herb Sudorific; Antispasmodic. [Stinking Chamomile, [Asteraceae] Mather, Chigger-Weed] German Chamomile, Matricaria Chamomilla Compositæ Flower Heads Mild Stimulant; Tonic. In large doses Emetic. [Camomile, Scented [Asteraceae] Mayweed, Italian and Hungarian Chamomile] Roman Chamomile, English Anthemis Nobilis Compositæ Flower Heads Stimulant; Tonic, in enfeebled digestion during Chamomile, [Ground Apple, [Chamaemelum Nobile] [Asteraceae] convalescence. Carminative. In large doses, Emetic. Garden or Low Chamomile, Whig Plant] Levant Wormseed Artemisia Pauciflora Compositæ Flower Heads Anthelmintic. Marigold, [Pot Marigold, Calendula Officinalis Compositæ Florets Slight Stimulant; Diaphoretic. Principally used as a Ruddles, Common Marigold, [Asteraceae] Vulnerary. Garden Marigold, English or Scottish Marigold Safflower, American Saffron Carthamus Tinctorius Compositæ Florets Cathartic; Diaphoretic in large doses. Used to promote [Asteraceae] eruption in measles, scarlatina, etc. Common Sunflower Helianthus Annuus Compositæ Seeds Diuretic; Expectorant in pulmonary and laryngeal [Asteraceae] affections.