The Library of Congress Information Bulletin, 2002. INSTITUTION Library of Congress, Washington, DC

Home , Arnold Genthe, Chris Douridas, John Philip Falter, Katherine Dunham, Miss Lulu Bett (play), Nell Brinkley

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AUTHOR Lamolinara, Guy, Ed.; Dalrymple, Helen, Ed. TITLE The Library of Congress Information Bulletin, 2002. INSTITUTION Library of Congress, Washington, DC. ISSN ISSN-0041-7904 PUB DATE 2002-00-00 NOTE 318p.; For Volume 60 (2001 issues), see ED 464 636. AVAILABLE FROM For full text: http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/. PUB TYPE Collected Works Serials (022) JOURNAL CIT Library of Congress Information Bulletin; v61 n1-12 Jan-Dec 2002 EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF01/PC13 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Exhibits; Library Collection Development; *Library Collections; Library Materials; *Library Services; *National Libraries; United States History IDENTIFIERS *Library of Congress

ABSTRACT These 10 issues, representing one calendar year, including two double issues (2002)- of "The Library of Congress Information Bulletin," contain information on Library of Congress new collections and program developments, lectures and readings, financial support and materials donations, budget, honors and awards, World Wide Web sites and digital collections, new publications, exhibits, and preservation. Cover stories include:(1) "American Women: Guide to Women's History Resources Published"; (2) "The Year in Review";(3) "'Suffering Under a Great Injustice': Adams' Photos Document. Japanese Internment";(4) "Presenting a Stage for a Nation: Exhibition Portrays Genius of Roger L. Stevens";(5) "Swann Gallery Exhibition Features 'American Beauties'";(6) "Veterans Hear the Call: Folklife Center Sponsors History Project"; (7) "Courting Disaster: Building a Collection to Chronicle 9/11 and Its Aftermath"; (8) "Collecting a Career: The Katherine Dunham Legacy Project"; (9) "2002 National Book Festival: Second Annual Event Celebrates the Power of Words"; and (10) "The Civil War and American Memory: Examining the Many Facets of the Conflict." (AEF)

Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. The Library of Congress Information Bulletin 2002

Editors Guy Lamolinara Helen Dalrymple

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 0This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. C Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality

0 Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy.

2311° CopyAVAJIWILE The LIBRARY of CONGRESS :ormahon Bu_ Vol. 61, No. 1 January 2002 J"

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3 I American Women: A Guide to History and Culture The LIBRARY of CONGRESS Information Bulletin JAMES H. BILLINGTON Vol. 61, No. 1 January 2002 Librarian of Congress

On the Cover:The Black Patti, Mine. M. Sissieretta Jones, color poster by Metropolitan Print, New York, 1899. Matilda Sissieretta Joyner Jones was a notable soprano of her era, known as the "Black Patti," in reference to celebrated Italian soprano Adelina Patti. Her success helped African Americans gain acceptance as serious artists. From the reference work, American Women: A Library of Congress Guide for the Study of Women's History and Culture in the United States. Cover Story:A new reference guide from the Library of Congress covers the broad and varied topic of American women's history. 16 180 Poems for 180 Days:Poet Laureate Billy Collins and the Library have launched a new Web site designed to promote poetry in high schools. 3 Carrying a Torch:The Olympic flame made its way to the Library on its way to the Winter Games in Utah. 5 6 By the Sea:The National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped and Mystic Seaport will cooperate in a series of accessibility initiatives. 5 Fine Films:Librarian of Congress James H. Billington has added 25 motion pictures of cultural, historical or aesthetic significance to the National Film Registry. 6 The Sound of Justice:A new opera by Roger Reynolds based on the Greek tragedy of Clytemnestra and Agamemnon premiered in the Great Hall of the Thomas Jefferson Building. 8 Russian Frontiers:Several new items from the Russian State Library in Moscow and the National Library of Russia in St. Petersburg have been added to the digital collections on the Library's "Meeting of Frontiers" Web site. 10 Meditations on Mead:The Library hosted a symposium in 8conjunction with its exhibition "Margaret Mead: Human Nature and the Power of Culture" and in celebration of centennial of the birth of the anthropologist. 12 Preserving the Past:The Library has awarded a contract that will save 1 million books and at least 5 million manuscript sheets from further acid deterioration. 15 News from the Center for the Book 26

The Library of Congress Information Bulletin (ISSN 0041-7904) is issued 11 times a year by the Public Affairs Office of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in the United States. It is also available on the World Wide Web at www.loc.gov /today. Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive the Bulletin on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library's Director for Acquisitions and Support Services, 101 Independence Avenue S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. All other correspondence should be addressed to the Information Bulletin, Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-1610, e-mail [email protected]. Guy LAMOLINARA, Editor JOHN H. SAYERS, Designer 16 AUDREY FISCHER, Assignment Editor A Poem a Day Laureate Launches `Poetry 180' Web Site for High Schools

By GAIL FINEBERG ing it with a hose US. Poet Laureate Billy Collins hasto find out what it launched a new Web site, calledreally means." Poetry 180, designed to encourage the He introduces appreciation and enjoyment of poetry several of the poems in America's high schools. withbriefcom- The site at www.loc.gov/poetry/180mentaries, such as was launched Jan. 4 with 64 poems"Today's poem is and will eventually contain the textabout trust and dis- of 180 poems (one for each day of thetrust,"and"This school year) as publishers and poetspoem isabout a agree to Web publication of Mr. Col-young factory lins's selections. worker." "The idea behind Poetry 180 is sim- The site includes pleto have a poem read each day toMr. Collins's guid- the student bodies of American high ance on how to read schools across the country," Mr. Col- a poem aloud and lins said. "Hearing a poem everyguidelines for using day, especially well-written, contem- Poetry 180. In a mes- porary poems that students do notsage "to the high have to analyze, might convinceschool teachers of students that poetry can be an under-America," he urges standable, painless and even eye-theselectionof Rebecca D'Angelo opening part of their everyday experi-someone to read a Poet Laureate Billy Collins ence." poem to the school Mr. Collins begins his list of poemseach day, perhaps at the end of dailyfirst hearing, although students may with one of his own (see next page),announcements over a public addresswish to download them or print them "IntroductiontoPoetry,"whichsystem. "The program should be asout from the Web site for later reading. encourages the readerand the lis-democratic as possible and not theThere is no particular order in which tenerto have fun with the soundsproperty of one group," he said, sug-the poems should be presented, nor and sense of a poem, rather than "beat- gesting readings by students, teachers,is it necessary that all schools read a coach, a grounds-the same poem each day. "The poems !Poetry IOU -Us, of All Poe Ins -*Escape 6 Mgr keeper, the principal. have been chosen with high school- C) ' el Itketisrikomiksieriimnryimorside-nomisi DI ca....) o-N Ge 0 a "The hope," writesage students in mind, but if you feel a /I mak a 100.0. Ck Swim 51 Dm Etlemnarin

. .... Mr. Collins, "is thatcertain poem inappropriate," Mr. Col-

The Library of Congress Poem # F 0 poetry will become alins writes, "skip it." :, ,,c4----."--,-,\ part of the daily life of On Dec. 6, the poet laureate offi- ,,,,,-----,,,:::,;-,--,s,, 1, 4'/ ' POE ir-- students in additioncially opened the Library's evening TRY 1,--..Poe-tey,180-,,-,' to being a subject thatliterary series with a reading of his a poen, a'elaj, for amclican high schools 180 is part of the schoolown poems, an annual fall event ListofPoemsand Authors curriculum." that was postponed this year, from Nameid Poem pout Most of the poemsOct. 25, because Library buildings on the site were writ- had been closed for anthrax testing. 1 Introduction to Poetry Bib/ Collins Info 2 Sidekicks Ronald Koortge Info ten by contemporarySome 250 poetry fans, including sev- 3 The Summer I Was Simeon Geraldine Connolly Info 4 The Blue Bowl Jane Kenyon Info American authorseral students, took all the seats set S Lines Mat ha Collins Info 6 Daybreak Galway Kinnau Info andwereselectedin the Madison Building's Mont- 7 Marring the Stark Joyce Sutphen Into with a high schoolpelier Room, then stood along the 9 NI.11764113 Mary Cornish Info 9 Autobiographia G.E. Paton-son Info audience in mind. The 10 2m A Fool To Love You cornows Eady Info walls, then waited outside in the 11Passer-by, Innis are words... Yves Bonnekov Info poems were chosenhalls while workmen slid back a 12The Bruise of This Mark Wunderlich Info 13At the Other End of the TelesCope George soaclay Info to be accessible uponwall and brought in more chairs. 14 Over and Over Tune Joanna Carlsen Info 15praise song Lucille Clifton Info The Man into Whose Yard you Should Info 16 Mot Mit Vow Ban The Poetry 180 Web site lists all poems by number, 17An Infinite Dumber of Monkeys Ronald Koorno Info title and poet. 'Cl) 2 ES*at Mig I ....co.. coso...., I !a=/rin 7

JANUARY 2002 IBEST COPY AVAILALE 3 And still there were more peoplehis friend in the country who hadbecomes a welcome destination." No than chairs or nearby wall space towarned against leaving woodenone laughed after these lines, or after lean on, so they sat on the floor, asmatches where a mouse ("little"Lines Lost Among the Trees." He close as they could get to the poet atbrown druid") could find them andalso read "Japan," a poem about the podium. start a fire; and an elegy that madehaiku, a Japanese form of 17 syllables. When people were settled enoughhis audience laugh. "I'm convinced that...if you have for Mr. Collins to begin, he said, Having hooked his audience, Mr.a normally, socially active day, you "Nothing impresses me more thanCollins proceeded to read some of hiscannot get through it without saying sheer numbers. So, I'm very glad topublished poems, among them "Snowat least one thing that is 17 syllables see all of you tonight. I think it's a Day" that begins with broadcast schoollong," he said, repeating a phrase he tribute to the importance of poetryclosures and ends with three conspir-overheard between two schoolgirls and the importance of the post of poet atorial little girls hatching a plot aton campus: "When he found out, he laureate, and the importance of me."the edge of a snowy schoolyard; awas, like, oh my God, and I was, like, People laughed. oh my God." He delivered the last line After his concluding poem, with the same straight face he Introduction to Poetry "Nightclub," a meditation on maintained all evening during Johnny Hartman's jazz bal- his wry observations, some in Billy Collins lads, he signed piles of books poetry and some in commen- for poetry readers. tary about poetry, that kept I ask them to take a poem BillyCollinsisDistin- the audience tittering. and hold it up to the light guished Professor of Eng- Mr. Collins read one solemn lish at Lehman College at the poem not his own, "Keeping like a color slide City University of New York, Quiet ". by Pablo Neruda, to or press an ear against its hive. where he has taught 'for the open the event. "It is a poem past 30 years. He is also a to read in a time of shakiness I say drop a mouse into a poem writer-in-residence at Sarah and it's a poem that helps," Lawrence College, and he he said, alluding to the events and watch him probe his way out, has served as a Literary of Sept. 11 and the aftermath. or walk inside the poem's room Lion of the New York Public "Now we will count to Library. He lives in Somers, 12 /and we will all keep and feel the walls for a light switch. N.Y., with his wife, Diane, an still. / For once on the face of I want them to waterski architect. the earth,/ let's not speak in His books of poetry include any language; / let's stop for across the surface of a poem a volume of new and selected one second and/not move waving at the author's name on the shore. poems, Sailing Alone Around our arms so much.../If the Room, which was pub- we were notsosingle- But all they want to do lished by Random House minded / about keeping our is tie the poem to a chair with rope in September; Picnic, Light- lives moving, /and for once ning (University of Pittsburgh could do nothing, /perhaps a and torture a confession out of it. Press,1998);The Artof huge silence/could interrupt Drowning (1995), which was the sadness, / never under- They begin beating it with a hose a Lenore Marshall Poetry standing ourselves, / and of to find out what it really means. Prize finalist; Questions About threatening ourselves with/ Angels(1991),a National death. ..." / from The Apple that Astonished Paris, 1996 Poetry Series selection by Then, taking a sip of water, University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville, Ark. Edward Hirsch; The Apple Copyright 1988 by Billy Collins. he said, "Well, I'm going to All rights reserved. That Astonished Paris (1988); start by reading some newer Reprinted with permission. Video Poems (1980); and Poker- poems, and then read some face (1977). older poems later. My career His honors include fellow- shows almost no sense of ships from the New York development whatsoever, so it's hard"Sonnet" that plays with the form:Foundation for the Arts, the National to tell the difference." "But hang on here [at the eighth line]Endowment for the Arts and the Gug- Leaning into the wind of laughterwhile we make the turn/into the finalgenheim Foundation. He has also been and toward expectant faces, he read asix where all will be resolved. ..."; andawarded the Oscar Blumenthal Prize, batch of unpublished poems, "Veloc-"Forgetfulness" that describes "liter-the Bess Hokin Prize, the Frederick ity," which takes place on a train; oneary amnesia" and "other forms of slip-Bock Prize and the Levinson Prize, all with a Latin title meaning "Hail andpage." awarded by Poetry magazine. Farewell" that he said he would call He read "Death of a Hat," which "Road Kill" if it were not for hishe said "swerves into something that Ms. Fineberg is editor, of The Gazette, the classical education; one written foryou weren't expecting, and it reallyLibrary's staff newsletter.

4 INFORMATION BULLETIN o

Keepers of the Flame Olympic Torch Comes to the Library of Congress

Heroes of the Pentagon rescue effort 2000 ascent of Mount Everest following the Sept. 11 attack, ath-inspired his niece to recom- letes, teachers and other Washingto-mend him. Mr. Slakey and nians selected to relay the Olympichis party carried a half ton flame over Capitol Hill gathered in theof litter, including 700 spent Library's Madison Hall on Dec. 21 tooxygen bottles, off the moun- receive instructions. tain. He has conquered all "You are all here because you havebut one of the world's highest been an inspiration to someone at yoursummits. workplace or in your family," Alicia "I am a big fan of the Keller told the 14 white-suited individ-Library of Congress," Bishop uals waiting to receive and pass alongMcNamara High School Eng- the flame on its way to Salt Lakelish teacher Beth Blaufuss City for the Winter Olympics. Shetold the Librarian. She said explained the symbolism of the torch,the Library was her "hang- Glen Krankowski one example of which is "Light the Fire out" while she researched andOne of the Olympic torch-bearers runs Within." wrote some short stories. past the Library. Among the torch bearers was Issaac William Bill, president of Hoopii, a Pentagon police officer whothe United Negro College Fund and "We are honored to see so much returned to the burning Pentagona Philadelphia high school runnervigor and vitality in this time of sad- building several times to guide victimsduring the '70s, said he, like mostness," Dr. Billington told the group out to safety. "Come to my voice," heyoung athletes, had dreamed of goingduring his welcome. "Don't forget the told people lost in flames and debris. to the Olympics. "When someoneworld of knowledge and the Library's Another was Francis Slakey, 38, aasked me recently if I would like toflame that burns for that," he said, ges- Georgetown University physics pro-carry the torch, I said, 'This is closeturing toward the Jefferson Building's fessor who said he thought his Mayenough.'" torch. "We wish you Godspeed." NLS and Mystic Seaport Collaborate on Accessibility

The National Library Service for the Blind and Island and Massachusetts in the Mystic Seaport Physically Handicapped and Mystic Sea- library membership program for use by visiting port, the Museum of America and the Sea, in NLS patrons; Mystic, Conn., recently announced a group of develop several projects for blind chil- accessibility initiatives for America's blind dren; and and physically handicapped individuals. create a working relationship between Among the projects: the Connecticut State Library for the Blind to conceive, develop and publish a and Physically Handicapped in Rocky Hill nautical alphabet book in large print, braille and Mystic Seaport in areas of mutual interest, and tactile formats; under the coordination of NLS. issue a digital audio version of an exist- Paul O'Pecko, director of the G.W. Blunt ing Mystic Seaport cookbook for the NLS digital -411111111111.1 White Library at Mystic Seaport, said, "Mystic audio development program and for Mystic Seaport's Seaport is committed to developing awareness and Internet Web site; extending its programs to all Americans. These joint ini- provide analog audio versions of Mystic Seaport bookstiatives with the Library of Congress will expand this, the for blind individuals and for sale by Mystic Seaport to theMuseum of America and the Sea, to a higher level of acces- general public; sibility. We are pleased and honored to work with NLS on provide English, German, French, Italian and Span- these important projects." ish audio and braille versions of the Mystic Seaport general The Mystic Seaport project represents a continuing effort handout for museum visitors; by NLS to make braille, audio, tactile and digital materials provide information on docent and interpreter train- available to blind individuals in a variety of settings. ing on awareness and accommodation issues for persons NLS Director Frank Kurt Cylke said, "NLS has made a with disabilities, including development of a "hands-on arti- number of efforts over the years to work with other national fact" package for blind visitors; institutions to promulgate accessibility of these reading include NLS and libraries serving blind and phys-materials to blind individuals. NLS has worked with the ically handicapped individuals in Connecticut, Rhode continued on page 14

JANUARY 2002 5 Collectible Cinema Librarian Names 25 Films to National Registry Librarian of Congress James H.pass films ranging from Holly- Billington recently announced hiswood classics to lesser-known, but annual selection of 25 motion picturesstill vital, works. Among films to be added to the National Film Reg-named this year: "All the King's istry (see list on page 7). This group ofMen," Robert Rossen's stunning titles brings the total number of filmspolitical drama based on Robert placed on the Registry to 325. Penn Warren's novel; "Cologne," a Under the terms of the National Filmhome movie doubling as an illumi- Preservation Act, each year the Librar-nating and fascinating social doc- ian of Congress names 25 "culturally,umentary of a 1930s Minnesota historically or aesthetically" significanttown; "House in the Middle," a motion pictures to the Registry. The listnot-to-be-missed, 1950s-era civil is designed to reflect the full breadthdefense film showing that neat- and diversity of America's film heri-ness and cleanliness equal sur- tage, thus increasing public awarenessvival in the nuclear age; "Jaws," of the richness of American cinema and the landmark horror film that cre- the need for its preservation. As Dr.ated the phenomenon known as Billington said, "Our film heritage isthe "summer movie"; "Manhat- America's living past. It celebratestan," Woody Allen's loving, bitter- the creativity and inventiveness ofsweet paean to the Big Apple and diverse communities and our nation asNew Yorkers; "Marian Anderson a whole. By preserving American films, at the Lincoln Memorial," a docu- we safeguard a significant element ofmentary record of the pivotal cul- our cultural history." tural event in which a major Ameri- This year's selections span the 20thcan artist turned a racial snub into century from 1913 to 1988 and encom-an electrifying display of what America should mean; "Planet of the Apes," a brilliant allegory combining futuristic pulp science fiction with contemporary social commentary; "Stormy Weather," showcasing a once-in- a-lifetime cast of famed African American performers; and "The Tell- Tale Heart," a stylish Dali-esque adaptation 4.h of the Edgar Allan Poe short story, fusing the UPA Studio's uniqueThe new 25 (clockwise from top) include animation with JamesJohn Belushi as Bluto in "National Lam- Mason's feverishlypoon's Animal House" (1978); Lois Wilson chilling narration. (in the title role) with Dwight Burton The Librarian chosein "Miss Lulu Bett" (1921); and Marian this year's titles afterAnderson's 1938 performance at the evaluating nearly aLincoln Memorial. thousand titles nominated by the public and following intensivediscus- sions, both with the distinguished members and alternates of hisadvisory body, the National Film Preservation Board, whom the Librarianconsults both on Registry film selection and national film preservationpolicy, and the Library's own Motion Picture Division staff.

6 INFORMATION BULLETIN Films Selected to the National Film Registry Library of Congress 2001 "Abbott and Costello Meet "It" (1927) "National Lampoon's Frankenstein" (1948) "Jam Session" (1942) Animal House" (1978) "All That Jazz" (1979) "Jaws" (1975) "Planet of the Apes" (1968) "All the King's Men" (1949) "Manhattan" (1979) "Rose Hobart" (1936) "America, America" (1963) "Marian Anderson: The Lincoln "Serene Velocity" (1970) "Cologne: From the Diary of Memorial Concert" (1939) "The Sound of Music" (1965) Ray and Esther" (1939) "Memphis Belle" (1944) "Stormy Weather" (1943) "Evidence of the Film" (1913) "The Miracle of Morgan's Creek" (1944) "The Tell-Tale Heart" (1953) "Hoosiers" (1986) "Miss Lulu Bett" (1921) "The Thin Blue Line" (1988) "The House in the Middle" (1954) "The Thing from Another World" (1951)

Dr. Billington noted that "the filmsteur productions, films of regional we choose are not necessarily eitherinterest, ethnic, animated and short the 'best' American films ever madefilm subjectsall deserving recog- or the most famous. But they are filmsnition, preservation and access by that continue to have cultural, histori-future generations. As we begin cal or aesthetic significanceand inthis new millennium, the Registry many cases represent countless otherstands among the finest sum- films also deserving of recognition.mations of American cinema's The selection of a film, I stress, iswondrous first century," said Dr. not an endorsement of its ideologyBillington. or content, but rather a recognition This key component of American of the film's importance to Americancultural history, however, remains film and cultural history and to his-a legacy with much already lost tory in general. or in peril. Dr. Billington added: "Taken together, the 325 films in"In spite of the heroic efforts of the National Film Registry represent aarchives, the motion picture indus- stunning range of American filmmak-try and others, America's film heri- ingincluding Hollywood features,tage, by any measure, is an endan- documentaries, avant-garde and ama-gered species. Fifty percent of the films produced before 1950 and at least 90 percent made before 1920 havedisappeared forever. Sadly, our enthusiasm for watching films has proved far greater than our commitment to preserving them. And, ominously, more films are lost each yearthrough the ravages of nitrate deterioration, color-fading and the recently discovered 'vinegar syndrome,' which threatens the acetate- based [safety] film stock on which the vast majority of motion pictures, past and present, have been reproduced." For each title named to the Registry, the Library of Congress works to ensure that the film is preserved for all time, either through the Library's massive motion picture preservation program at Dayton, Ohio, or through collaborative ventures with other archives, motion picture studios and independent filmmakers. The Library of Congress contains the largest collections of film and television in the world, from the earliest surviving copyrighted motion picture to the latest feature releases. For more information, consult the National Film Preservation Board Web site: www.loc.gov/film.

Bud Abbott, Lou Costello and Bruce the shark all made the cut for this year's National Film Registry.

JANUARY 2002 7 Doing Justice Roger Reynolds's Justice Premieres in Great Hall

By ROBIN RAUSCH result was Justice, commissioned for the celebration of the The sonorous spaces of the Thomas Jefferson Building'sLibrary's Bicentennial in 2000, by the Julian E. Berla and Great Hall have been used for performances before,Freda Hauptman Berla Fund in the Library of Congress, but composer Roger Reynolds's new operatic work, Justice, with additional support from the 2nd Theatre Olympics marks the first time a piece has been written that featuresin Japan. The world premiere of the fully staged work, the reverberant acoustics of the Great Hall as an integralfunded by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, took part of the work. place on Nov. 30 and was repeated Dec. 1. Mr. Reynolds discovered the Great Hall several years Written for actress, soprano, percussionist, multichannel ago while visiting the Library of Congress Music Divisioncomputer sound and real-time surround sound, Justice is to discuss the Library's acquisition of his papers. Musicbased on the Greek tragedy of Clytemnestra and Agamem- Division Chief Jon Newsom took him on a tour. "Whennon. The text was adapted by the composer from Aeschylus we entered the incomparable, vaulted space of the Thomasand Euripides. All three performersactress, soprano, and Jefferson Building's Great Hall," the composer wrote, "Ipercussionistportray aspects of Clytemnestra's character was stunned and exhilarated. I knew immediately thatas she contemplates her husband's return from the Trojan I wanted to make music for and in this space." TheWar and his subsequent death at her hand in retribution for the death of their daughter, Iphigenia. The computer sound uses pre-processed sounds as well as instruments and voices and takes on the role of both Agamemnon and the Greek chorus at various times. It is heard through an eight-channel speaker system, with six speakers surrounding the main floor audience and four more facing into the cavernous spaces of the second- tier galleries. The three performers are also individually miked, allowing an independent real-time "spatialization" of the sounds they make as they perform. Cre- ating this sonic environment requires a three-man tech creweach one a performer in his own right. The total effect, combined with the natural reverberation inherent in the Great Hall, is otherworldly. The sound appears to be pulled from the performers and bounced around the main floor before spiraling upward and disap- pearing high above. It draws the audience into the drama. As Clytemnestra sits at the foot of the Great Hall's grand marble staircase and then ascends it, we are there in the palace with her. The challenges of producing such a work are formidable. Musical Adviser Harvey Sollberger noted in particular the difficulty of directing performers from such diverse worlds as theater, music and computers. It was necessary to find a common language that would have meaning across the three disciplines. Rehearsals proved to be problematic too. The Great

Soprano Carmen Pelton (left) and actress Donnah We lby portray different aspects of Clytemnestra's character in the premiere of Roger Reynolds's Justice. Lance Perry

8 INFORMATION BULLETIN Hall is a public space and provides access to several of the Library's reading rooms. Rehearsals could not begin until after the building closed and the set had to be broken down each night. The cast and crew worked until well after midnight on the nights preceding the opening. Premiering a new work can be risky for a performer. This production of Justice was fortunate to have an outstanding cast, many of whom are known and respected for their work with new repertoire. Soprano Carmen Pe lton is recognized for her interpretations of contemporary music and recently premiered Mark Adamo's Can- tate Domino and Augusta Read Thomas's Ring Out, Wild Bells, to the Wild Sky. Actress Donnah Welby's Lama Perry previous roles as a memberAt the top of the Great Hall's marble staircase, Clytemnestra (Donnah Welby) ofOff-Broadway'sPearlproclaims the death of Agamemnon as Carmen Pelton looks on. Theatre Company include Clytemnestra in Electra and Androm-iting appointments at the University of justice forms a part of the composer's ache in The Trojan Women. And percus- Illinois, Yale University, Amherst Col-The Red Act Project, a series of works sionist Steven Schick, a former directorlege and the City University of Newbased on the Agamemnon tragedies of the prestigious percussion programYork. His works have been featuredthat will result in a full-length theatri- at the Darmstadt Ferienkurse fur Neueat many international festivals and hecal work, The Red Act. The first piece to Musik in Darmstadt, Germany, is acounts among his commissions thosecome out of the project is The Red Act champion of contemporary percussionfrom Lincoln Center, the BBC, the LosArias, which premiered in 1997 at the music as both a teacher and a per-Angeles and Philadelphia orchestras, BBC Proms Festival. Mr. Reynolds is at former. Tech crew members Peter Otto, the British Arts Council, Radio Francework on the next phase, Illusion, which audio systems and software designer;and Ircam. he considers the complement of Jus- Josef Kucera, chief audio engineer; and Mr. Reynolds's early interest in thetice. It will focus on the relationship Ralph Pitt, associate audio engineer,spatial dimension of music led to hisbetween Agamemnon, Iphigenia and are colleagues of Mr. Reynolds at theinvolvement with computer technol-the prophetess Cassandra. University of California at San Diego.ogy and has become a hallmark of his This production of Justice was vid- All have worked on previous projectswork. He prefers to work with naturaleotaped for rebroadcast on the Web as with the composer. The productionsound that has been transformed inpart of the "I Hear America Singing" was directed by Henry Fonte, who hassome way rather than with synthe-initiative, which will be available on spent most of his career as an actor,sized sound. The computer enables this the Library's Web site in 2002. Through playwright and director developingtransformation, and allows the audi-the use of binaural encoding, the mul- and promoting new work. tory experience to be shared with antichannel audio will enable listeners to Roger Reynolds has been the recipi-audience. He acknowledges that when hear the spatial relations of the sound. ent of numerous honors and awards,he composes for a certain space, theIt will be downloadable as a DVD 5.1 including a Pulitzer Prize in 1989 forwork is not intended to be site specific. surround sound audio file. According his string orchestra composition Whis-The re-creation of the piece is possible to Music Division Chief Jon Newsom, pers Out of Time. In 1972 he founded the by means of a separate technical scorethis is the first time this technology will Center for Music Experiment (now the that describes each desired sonic effect,be available on the Web, which is not Center for Research in Computing andwhat it adds, and where it occurs. What known for high fidelity audio. the Arts) at the University of California the technical score does not explain is at San Diego, where he is currently ahow to do it. Mr. Reynolds has pur- Ms. Rausch, a specialist in the Music professor of music. Highly respectedposely left out hardware and software Division, is working on detail in the Public as a teacher, he has conducted masterspecifications due to how quickly they Affairs Office as part of the Leadership classes around the world and held vis-become obsolete. Development Program.

JANUARY 2002 9 1 1 Expanding Frontiers New Collections from Russia and Alaska Added

By JOHN VAN OUDENAREN Aset of Imperial Russian playing cards from the early 1800s, an album of lithographs by French artists who circled the globe on the Russian naval ship Seniavin in 1826-29, an album of watercolors created by the artist and writer N. N. Kazarin and presented to the future Czar Nicholas I in 1891 and rare books on various topics relating to Siberian culture and history were among thecollections recentlyaddedtotheLibrary's "Meeting of Frontiers" Web site at frontiers.loc.gov. These collections were contributed by the Russian State Library in Moscow and the National Library of Russia in St. Petersburg, where scanning oper-A gift of the artist to the future Czar Nicholas II, this watercolor shows ations have been under way sinceCossacks building a fort in Siberia May 2000. Another project partner, the Elmer E. Rasmuson Library at the Uni-the United States and Russia in explor-world expeditions in the 19th century. versity of Alaska Fairbanks, contrib-ing, developing and settling their fron-These circumnavigations had scientific uted illustrated modules about nativetiers and the meeting of those frontiersas well as commercial and political peoples in Alaska; the Alaska fur tradein the Pacific Northwest and Alaska.importance, and trained artists often and exploration and science in theThe site was unveiled in Decemberwere sent along to illustrate the peo- North Pacific; and 82 rare maps of the1999 and has been expanded fourples and scenery encountered on the North Pacific, completing a collectiontimes with the addition of new collec-journey. The Seniavin lithographs from of 188 maps relating to the explorationtions from the Library of Congress andthe National Library of Russia include of the region. The new online mate-partner institutions in Russia and thescenes from Alaska, Kamchatka, the rials also include an expanded bib-United States. The site is bilingual, inPhilippines and the Caroline Islands. liography of readings relating to theRussian and English, and is intended The Imperial Russian playing-card American and Russian frontiers and for use in U.S. and Russian schools andcollection from the National Library the papers from a scholarly confer-libraries and by the general public inof Russia reflects the passion for card- ence dedicated to the history of Rus-both countries. playing in 19th century Russian aris- sian America that the Library of Con- With the latest update, "Meeting oftocratic society and is among the most gress co-sponsored in May 2001 at theFrontiers" includes more than 4,000unusual collections on the "Meeting of University of Alaska Fairbanks. items, comprising some 100,000 images.Frontiers" site. The back side of each "Meeting of Frontiers" is a congres-The latest collections added to the sitecard has a map depicting a region or sionally funded Library of Congressare striking for their rarity, the variety ofterritory of Imperial Russia, including project to create a digital library thatsubject matters that they cover and forat the time the Grand Duchy of Finland chronicles the parallel experiences oftheir visual appeal. The Kazarin water- and Congress Poland. The front of each colors from the Russiancard shows the local costume and coat State Library, for exam-of arms of the corresponding region. ple, depict the history ofPresent-day Alaska is labeled as "Rus- the Cossacks east of thesian dominions in America" on the Urals, beginning with thecard for Chukotka, the Russian prov- legendary Ermak's vic-ince just across the Bering Strait. tory over Khan Kuchum Under agreements concluded with in 1582. The voyage ofthe Russian State Library and National the Seniavin was one ofLibrary of Russia in 1999, the Library 40 Russian round-the-of Congress is lending high-resolution

This playing card from the early 19th century depicts the largely unexplored Chukotka Territory, Russian America (Alaska) and Canada.

10 12 INFORMATION BULLETIN 0 an

yla 0 scanning equipment to these institu-Under an agreement tions for use in digitizing rare maps,signed with the State lithographs, photographs, prints, booksand University Library and sheet music from their vast collec- of Lower Saxony in Got- tions for inclusion in the project. Rus-tingen, Germany, the sian curators identify collections thatLibrary of Congress also illustrate key themes from Siberian and will receive for inclu- Alaskan history. These collections then sion in the Web site are scanned by Russian techniciansimages from the famous and sent to the Library of Congress for Asch collection in Got- incorporation into the site. tingen.Baron Georg "Meeting of Frontiers" also willThomas von Asch, a include collections relating to SiberianGerman doctor who and Alaskan history that are housedserved in the Russian in libraries, archives and museumsarmy as a medical offi- in provincial cites in Siberia. Undercer in thelate18th a cooperative agreement between thecentury, assembled a Library of Congress and the Open Soci-large and rare collec- ety Institute-Russia that was signedtion of books, manu- by Librarian of Congress James H.scripts, maps, medals Billington and OSI-Russia Presidentand coins, mainly per- Yekaterina Genieva in August 2001,taining to Siberia, that OSI organized a competition in West-helped form the basis ern Siberia for institutions interestedfor Russian and Sibe- in having some of their rarest andrian studiesin Ger- most interesting collections digitizedmany. The partnership for inclusion on the site. OSI and thewith Gottingen, which Library of Congress then established a is funded by a grant mobile scanning team, headquartered to Gottingen by the in Novosibirsk, that traveled to insti-GermanSocietyfor tutions in Novosibirsk, Tomsk, OmskResearch, is the first in and Barnaul to scan the winners of the "Meeting of Frontiers"Siberia and Its Settlers is a handbook for OSI grants competition. In this way, thewith a library or archiveprospective Russian colonists published in project is providing free online accessoutside Russia and theKharkov (present-day Ukraine) in 1892. to a virtual library of collections, theUnited States. originals of which are dispersed in Since its inception, the "Meeting of Frontiers" project has drawn on the contri- remote locations that few Russians andbutions of American and Russian historians who have helped to identify collec- even fewer Americans will ever havetions of primary materials relating to the American West and the Russian East for the opportunity to visit. inclusion in the site and who have written the introductory narratives, timelines In 2002, scanning activities are being and captions that introduce these collections to the public. The purpose of the expanded to Eastern Siberia, notablyMay 2001 conference was to bring together scholars, librarians and educators the cities of Irkutsk and Krasnoiarsk. to discuss future directions for the project. Co-sponsored by the University of Alaska, OSI-Russia and the Siberian Branch of the Rus- sian Academy of Sciences, the conference focused on recent scholarship relating to the exploration and settle- ment of Russian America. The conference also discussed how the Internet can be used for teaching geography, history, foreign languages the natural sciences and other subjectsboth in school and outside the classroom with contributions by representatives of the Founda- tion for Internet Education in Moscow, the National Park Service, the Anchorage Museum of History and Art and several universities and libraries in Russia and the United States. In his paper, Academician Nikolai N. Bolkhovitinov, of the Russian Academy of Sciences, discussed the differences between the fur trade in Siberia and Alaska and the effect that they had on the development of both regions: "The basic difference between the seagoing col- onization of Russian America and the continental col- This lithograph depicting what is now Sitka, Alaska,onization of Siberia can be defined in two words: the was produced from drawings by artists on the Russiansable and the kalan (sea otter)." In Siberia, the hunt naval vessel Seniavin (1826-1829). continued on page 15

JANUARY 2002 11 13 o o

Human Nature and the Power of Culture Library Hosts Margaret Mead Symposium

BY MARY WOLFSKILL Secretary of State Colin Powell. The events of Sept. 11 served as Tim White, the evening NBC News a point of departure for a recent anchor for WKYC in Cleveland, Library symposium celebrating the introduced his 1975 film about Mar- centennial of Margaret Mead's birth garet Mead, "Reflections," which (1901-1978). The Library exhibi- was screened for the partici- tion "Margaret Mead: Human pants. The film was part of Nature and the Power of Cul- a series aimed at explaining ture" is on view in the Jeffer- American culture to people son Building through May 31. of other countries through A preview of the exhibition interviews with such nota- can also be viewed online at bles as George Meany, Leon- www.loc.gov/exhibits/mead. ard Bernstein, Samuel Eliot Sponsored by the Institute Morrison, John Hope Frank- for Intercultural Studies of lin, Buckminister Fuller and New York, in cooperation with Mead. Mr. White told the the Smithsonian Institution and audience that Margaret Mead the Library of Congress, the Dec. was a good subject for this 3-4 symposium explored contri- approach, as she had a long his- butions of history and the behav- tory of interpreting U.S. culture to ioral sciences to the understanding of people of other countries. cultures. The symposium was modeled on the interdisciplinary approach National Character in used by Mead and fellow anthropolo- Peace and War gist Ruth Benedict during the 1940s, Richard Kurin, director of the Smith- when teams of scholars were assem-and nations of the world, with special sonian Center for Folklife and Cultural bled to analyze the national char-attention to those peoples and those Heritage, led the first session by focus- acter of the enemies and friends ofaspects of their life which are likely to ing on understanding the character of the United States. The research wasaffect intercultural and internationalother nations and regimes, with partic- accomplished by viewing films, read-relations." ular attention to the people of Afghan- ing literature, interviewing immi- The significance of a centennialistan, Muslims, the Taliban and the grants, scanning foreign newspapershonoring her mother became moreal Qaeda terrorist organization. He and listening to radio broadcasts fromapparent when Ms. Bateson realizedpointed out that Margaret Mead abroad, since it was often difficultthat there were key themes in herbelieved that scholars had a responsi- to travel to foreign countries. Focus-mother's life and work that are impor-bility to use their knowledge to increase ing on Sept. 11, scholars from vari-tant in a post-Sept. 11 world. Marga-understanding among different cul- ous disciplines provided analysis ofret Mead was one of the first to pointtures. However, he questioned whether the events in relation to the methodsout that ethnographic or ethnologicalstudies of national character were still used by Mead in her national charac-knowledgethe description of peo-relevant in the age of globalization. ter studies. ple's profoundly different levels of The first panelist, William Beeman, Prosser Gifford, director of Schol-developmentcould be a source forprofessor of cultural anthropology, lin- arly Programs at the Library of Con-self-examination of contemporaryguistics and theater at Brown Univer- gress, welcomed the participants andculture. sity, discussed Mead's deep interest guests, along with Wilton S. Dillon, Wilton Dillon reflected on the legacyin assuring that nations took advan- senior scholar emeritus at the Smith-of James Smithson, founder of thetage of the opportunity to learn from sonian Institution and convener ofSmithsonian Institution, who wishedeach others' cultures. Mead's book the symposium, and Mary Catherineto increase the diffusion of knowledge And Keep Your Powder Dry (New York: Bateson, daughter of Margaret Mead,among humankind. Mr. Dillon readW. Morrow and Co., 1942) was one of who served as symposium chair. Ms.a message to the participants fromthe first written about American cul- Bateson, the Clarence J. Robinson Pro- United Nations Secretary General Kofiture. Mr. Beeman asserted that Mead fessor of Anthropology and English atAnnan, who noted that today there isfelt that Americans went to war to George Mason University,isalsoa "wide-ranging interaction betweenbuild a better world and, during World president of the Institute for Intercul-cultures." Messages of support forWar II, she began to make prepara- tural Studies, an organization foundedMargaret Mead and the symposiumtions for a postwar in which Amer- by Mead to, in her words, advancewere also received from Kichiro Matsu- icans could better understand their "knowledge of the various peoplesura, director-general of UNESCO and friends and foes alike. For Mead,

12 INFORMATION BULLETIN 114 0

./ 00 S war was a cultural invention and, fortional Studies at Johns Hopkins Uni-his association with Margaret Mead Americans, she saw aggression as aversity, looked at the relationshipand the organization he founded, the response that must be met with force.between war and culture. All warsGradualist Way to Peace, which grew Her message is as true today as it washave motives and methods, he said,out of conversations with her. Refer- 50 years ago, he said. that are culturally determined andring to the events of Sept. 11, Mr. Etzi- Mary Catherine Bateson followedmust be described in cultural terms.oni reflected on the makeup of reli- with a review of the criticism ofIn the present war, he pointed to thegious groups. He believes religions the "study of cultures at a distance"great cultural differences between theoften have two branches, one loving approach practiced by some anthro-wealthy, high-tech United States andand one violent. pologists. First, some felt the approach the poor, low-tech Taliban govern- Panelist Herve Varenne, professor of was invalid when the research was ament and al Qaeda network. The wareducation and chairman of the Depart- collaborative effort between the gov-is considered just by American stan-ment of International and Transcul- ernment and academic researchers.dards because it is in response totural Studies at Teachers College of However, Ms. Bateson pointed outan attack and injuries to noncomba-Columbia University, pointed out that that, during World War II, Americanstants have been limited, as opposed towhat happens in Washington affects were not as cynical about governmentthe enemy, which has killed innocentthe world, but only a very small sub- as they became during the McCarthypeople intentionally. group of the whole has a say on what and Vietnam War eras. She noted that happens in Washington. Therefore, national character studies are as impor- Exotic USA Washington has a responsibility to the tant in peace as in war. Ben Wattenberg, senior fellow atrest of the world. Second, anthropologists criticizedthe American Enterprise Institute and the method because the research wasmoderator of the weekly PBS televi-Case Presentation: Russia not from firsthand experience. But Ms.sion program "Think Tank," chaired James W. Symington, attorney with Bateson commented that the study ofthe second panel. The first speaker,O'Connor and Hannon and chairman any large-scale society will always beDeborah Tannen, professor of linguis-of the Russian Leadership Program at at a distance, because, unlike Mead'stics at Georgetown University and thethe Library of Congress, chaired the research in Samoa and Papua Newauthor of a number of books includ-third session. The first speaker, Sergei Guinea, it is impossible to know mosting The Argument Culture: MovingAlexandrovich Arutiunov, who heads of the individuals. from Debate to Dialogue (New York:the Department of Caucasian Stud- Third, statistical surveys should beRandom House, 1998) and You Justies at the Institute of Ethnology and viewed only as an alternative research Don't Understand: Women and MenAnthropology at the Russian Acad- method because they do not providein Conversation (New York: Morrow,emy of Sciences, reflected on the ideas the diversity that helps frame issues. 1990), talked about the tendency inof Geoffrey Gorer, a close friend A fourth criticism was that anthro-American and Western culture toand collaborator of Margaret Mead, pologists considered the focus onapproach many issues using the warwho theorized that Russian people child rearing practices to be trivial.metaphor as an explanation. Shewere driven by duty, fear, guilt and But Ms. Bateson said that the onlypointed to three major areas whereshame. way to understand fully how choicesthis is evident. Mr. Arutiunov recently wrote an are made is to understand a person's First, there is the academic or intellec- introduction to the latest edition of upbringing. tual tradition, in which the "debate " is Mead's book on Soviet Attitudes Alan Henrikson, director of the encouraged as the best way to exploreToward Authority (New York: Fletcher Roundtable on a New Worldsomethingtwo people on opposingBerghahn Books, 2000), which was Order at the Fletcher School of Law andsides argue to make their point whilefirst published in 1951. He noted that Diplomacy of Tufts University, empha-ignoring evidence that supports thesome of what Mead wrote remains true sized the need for the "one-world cul-other viewpoint. today and can be seen in the strong ture" of which Mead spoke. Looking at Second, Ms. Tannen looked at thesupport of the Russian people (60 per- Japanese-American relations in Worldadversarial nature of the Americancent) for President Vladimir Putin. War II, Mr. Henrikson said that Ameri-legal system, pointing out that the "factAlthough many Russians are nostalgic cans thought the Japanese were inca-finding" is done by a lawyer ratherfor authoritarian rule, the rising Rus- pable of attacking Pearl Harbor andthan by someone trying to determinesian middle class is more liberal and the Japanese thought Americans were the truth. democratic in its views. incapable of fighting back. And third, the nature of public Blair Ruble, director of the George Similarly, Mr. Henrikson remarkeddiscourse in America is adversarial,Kerman Institute for Advanced Russian that Americans could not imagine theaccording to Ms. Tannen. She usedStudies at the Woodrow Wilson Inter- mentality of the suicide attackers norTV and radio talk shows as an exam-national Center for Scholars, talked the intensity of the hatred against theple, noting that guests, including her-about coming to terms with the new United States. He said that the study ofself, are encouraged to adopt the mostRussia. According to Mr. Ruble, its culture at a distance and the practice ofextreme views. culture places more value on great diplomacy are one and the same. Amitai Etzioni, director of the Insti-literature than a great economy. But Michale Mandelbaum, Christian A. tute for Communitarian Policy Stud-the changes place Putin on a slippery Herter Professor and director of Amer- ies at George Washington Universityslope, because he wants Russia to be a ican foreign policy at the Paul H.and founder of a developing corn-European power without being a Euro- Nitze School of Advanced Interna-munitarian movement, talked aboutpean society.

JANUARY 2002 13 pY * 0 )--t/

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Case Presentation: Japan Since the at the Library of Congress, and Ignacio Duran- Chrysanthemum and the Sword Loera, director-general of the Mexican Cultural Session chair Bernard K. Gordon, profes- Institute and minister for cultural affairs at sor emeritus of political science at the Uni- the Embassy of Mexico. Ms. Dorn talked versity of New Hampshire, began the about Mexico as a land of enormous presentations by introducing Takami diversity, with 80 languages and a com- Kuwayama, professor of anthropol- bination of very old and modern cul- ogy at Soka University in Tokyo. tures. Mr. Duran-Loera also stressed Mr. Kuwayama noted that Margaret the diversity in Mexico and talked Mead was not a prominent figure in about various stereotypes, using as Japan, where academics are not con- an example the perception that the cerned with child rearing and person- people in the North work, the people ality; however, Ruth Benedict was well in the Central region think, and the known because of her popular book The people in the South dream. Chrysanthemum and the Sword (Boston: He also talked about typical American Houghton Mifflin Company, 1946). images of Mexicans drawn from films, The second speaker, Shinji Yamashita of which include the picture of the beautiful the department of anthropology at the Univer- and dignified senorita, the treacherous bambi- sity of Tokyo, added that there has been so much nos and characters like the Cisco Kid. Mexicans, change in post-World War II Japan that Benedict would not on the other hand, see Americans as naive tourists in recognize the nation she described in 1946. flowery shirts holding cameras, as blond bombshells that Daniel Metraux, chair of the department of Asian studies fall into the arms of Latin lovers or as robber barons who at Mary Baldwin College, spoke next, after sharing some of are interested in stealing their land. Both cultures see much his memories of Mead, who was his godmother and lived more homogeneity in each other than actually exists. with him and his mother, Rhoda Metraux, for many years. He All A. Bulookbashi, director of Social Anthropology at the observed that most of his academic work had been studying Cultural Research Bureau in Tehran, commented that the U.S. "culture at a distance," particularly his recent research on two and Iranian cultures are at odds with each other and that Japanese religions, the Soka Gakkai and the Aum Shinrikyo,more scholars such as Mead, who worked to bring cultures both of which have built up large followings outside of Japan. together, are needed. Charles W. Freeman Jr., sinologist and Mr. Metraux said there are now 2 million members of the Sokachairman of Projects International Inc. talked about China's Gakkai living abroad including 1 million in Korea, and 30,000view that the United States is a hegemonic power, while the members of the Aum Shinrikyo live in Russia alone, whileU.S. perception of China is that it is a monolithic nation. there are only 10,000 living in Japan. Mr. Arutiunov, who also participated in this panel dis-Summary from the First Day cussion, commented that there was no extensive cultural Mary Catherine Bateson and William Beeman provided study of Japan before The Chrysanthemum and the Sword, and a summary of the first day of the symposium. Ms. Bateson observed that it played an important role in preparing and observed that virtually every speaker had referred to nations educating American officers for their jobs as part of an occu- as actors with attitudes, styles and trends. While the con- pational force in Japan after World War II. cepts of national character are problematic, she said they are nonetheless employed when discussing globalization. New Opportunities for Cultural Analysis However, concepts of nations have changed. They are no This last session of the day focused on Mexico, Iran and longer almost universally described as internally harmoni- China. In introducing the panel, Chair William Beemanous, as Mead depicted Samoa. pointed out that the largest body of unpublished informa- Mr. Beeman looked at the themes that were discussed, tion from the Columbia University Research in Contempo- such as stereotypes and uniformity vs. diversity. He said rary Cultures project was on China, where there are more Mead opposed the kind of folk psychology that resulted in than 1,000 interviews in the Mead Collection in the Manu-gross generalizations. She instead depended on profession- script Division. The panelists began with a discussion ofals who knew how to find true regularities in a situation. Mexico with Georgette Dorn, chief of the Hispanic Division Mead was looking at what causes change as a natural extension of cultural patterns such as alterations in demograph- Mystic ics. It is possible to have change and stability at the same continued from page 13 time, he asserted. He proclaimed that national character is not quite dead, and we are all groping with a world culture National Park Service to provide tour and information by looking at causes of conflict and the human desire for guides in braille and audio formats to several of its protection of one's own group. national parks, including Shenandoah National Park. Working with Cornell University's Department of Orni- Ms. Wolfskill is head of the Library's Manuscript Reading thology, NLS helped develop a Birdsong Tutor on Room and a curator of the exhibition "Margaret Mead: Human audiocassette that has become a popular book for blind Nature and the Power of Culture." On Dec. 3, Ms. Wolfskill individuals. And the current effort with Mystic Sea- received a Spirit of Margaret Mead award from the Institute port will add to our commitment to reach out to other for Intercultural Studies of New York for "her skill and caring national institutions." sensitivity in preserving and animating the Mead legacy for future generations."

14 INFORMATION BULLETIN o e 0

Saving the Written Word Library Awards Mass Deacidification Contract

The Library has awarded a contractrials worldwide. The Library of Con-the selection and refiling of books as to Pittsburgh-based Preservationgress has provided leadership overwell as laboratory testing to monitor Technologies L.P. (PTLP) that will saveseveral decades in the developmentthe effectiveness of treatment. Library 1 million books and at least 5 millionand evaluation of mass deacidificationstaff have also developed procedures manuscript sheets from further acidprocesses and their application to valu-to ensure that information about each deterioration. able, at-risk book collections and otherdeacidified book is captured in the This contract, the third awardedpaper-based items to achieve econo-holdings record in the Library's biblio- to PTLP since 1995, will permit themies of scale. graphic database. Library to increase preservation pro- With strong support from Congress, Preservation Technologies has engi- ductivity and save increasing quanti- the Library has worked with Preser-neered new horizontal treatment cyl- ties of endangered materials over time.vation Technologies under two previ-inders that it uses to offer deacidifica- The contract calls for ramping up treat- ous contracts to deacidify more thantion services to libraries and archives ment during FY 2002-FY 2005 and400,000 books, using the Bookkeeperfor the treatment of loose manuscripts increasing annual book deacidifica-deacidification technology that wasand other items in unbound formats. tion from 100,000 to more than 250,000pioneered by PTLP. The BookkeeperThe Library's new contract authorizes books per year by the final year. process exposes paper to acid-neutral-PTLP to build and install a horizontal Congress has demonstrated contin-izing chemicals. Using a suspension ofmanuscript treater and a Bookkeeper ued support for the Library's plansmagnesium oxide particles to neutral-spray booth in a Library building on to save millions of books and manu-ize the acid and leave a protective alka- Capitol Hill. This will enable the Library scripts by approving funding for thisline reserve, Bookkeeper halts deterio- to treat large quantities of paper-based important endeavor. ration and adds hundreds of years tomaterials in nonbook formats, such as As the national library and the offi-the useful life of paper. newspapers, manuscripts, maps, music cial library for the U.S. Congress, the Under the new contract, the Library scores, pamphlets and posters. Addi- Library of Congress has focused itswill continue to provide training andtional information about the Library's early mass deacidification efforts pri-oversight to PTLP staff who selectmass deacidification program is avail- marily on collections of Americana.books for treatment; charge out, packable on the Library's Web site at The deterioration of acid-containingand ship volumes to the deacidificationwww.loc.gov/preserv/carelc.html or paper presents a formidable challenge,plant in Cranberry Township, Pa.; andby contacting the Library's preserva- because this degradation underminesthen reshelve books following treat- tion projects director, Kenneth Harris, the use and long-term preservation ofment. Library staff provide contractat (202) 707-1054 or by e-mail at library collections and archival mate-administration and quality control [email protected].

Frontiers The Russians who traveled overlandRussian settlers and native peoples continued from page 11 across Siberia to Alaska were often of taught and learned from each other rec- peasant, tradesman or Cossack back- ipes for cooking, songs, games, dances for the sable took place in the winter,groundtough, resourceful, but withand other aspects of everyday life. which allowed time for agriculturallimited formal education. Those who These papers, as well as others pre- work in the summer. Siberian furstraveled around the world by sea were sented to the conference, suggested mainly were sent overland to Europethe elite of the Russian navy, often many ideas for themes, topics and col- and traded for manufactured prod-trained in England, fluent in French and lections that will be explored as "Meet- ucts. In Alaska, the hunt for the otterother foreign languages, and exposed ing of Frontiers" is expanded. began in April and lasted all summer,to the Americas and parts of Asia on The "Meeting of Frontiers" project which hindered the development oftheir long voyages to Alaska. Theseteam includes this writer; Deborah farming. Sea otter furs were particu-naval officers saw how British, French, Thomas, digital project coordinator for larly prized in China, where they wereDutch and other European coloniesthe Public Service Collections of the sent by Russian traders and exchangedwere administered and tried to reshape Library of Congress and technical coor- for tea, silk and other goods. AlthoughRussian America in the image of a dinator for this project; Michael Neubert, profitable at first, in the end the fur "modern" European colony. a reference specialist in the European industry proved an inadequate base Lydia Black, professor emerita atDivision and coordinator of Russian on which to build a sustainable Rus-the University of Alaska Fairbanks,operations; and David Nordlander, of sian presence in Alaska. presented a paper on cultural fusionthe European Division, who is the his- In his paper, Ilya Vinkovetsky, of thebetween ordinary Russians and nativetorian and content manager. Department of History at the Univer-peoples in Russian America. She dem- sity of California-Berkeley, discussedonstrated how, through the employ-Mr. Van Oudenaren is chief of the the impact of round-the-world voyagesment of guides and interpreters, inter- European Division and project leader of the on Russia's thinking about the world.marriage, trade and other means, "Meeting of Frontiers" Web site.

JANUARY 2002 15 17 rrr

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Quaker Photo Service John Philip Falter Three different views of women and their roles in society: Harriet Tubman (opposite) ca. 1910-1911, likely photographed at her home in Auburn, N.Y.; "Miss America Gets a Permanent Wave," featuring Norma Smallwood, Miss America 1926; a different kind of wave"It's a Women's War Too!" (1942)encouraged women to sign up for the U.S. Navy auxiliary during World War II. American Women Guide to Women's History Resources Published BY ROBIN RAUSCH women to be found in the Library's to tell a story that needs to be told, but Research at the world's largestunparalleled collections. far more often it is a matter of revisiting library can be daunting. Explor- "The challenge of women's history is more traditional sources and asking ing a topic as broad and varied asnot a simple question of 'add womendifferent questions of them. That is American women's history makes itand stir,"' writes historian Susan Warewhere the rich resources of the Library especially complex. But assemble ain her introduction to the guide. "Itof Congress come in." team of Library of Congress subjectmeans rethinking and rewriting the With 12 chapters, almost 300 illus- area specialists who work with theirstory." Ms. Ware, who is currentlytrations and five essays designed to collections daily, add the advice and editor of Notable American Women atshow the importance of cross-divi- expertise of respected women's stud-Harvard University's Radcliffe Insti- sional research, American Women exem- ies scholars from around the country, tute for Advanced Studies, offers aplifies the multicultural, interdisciplin- and help is at hand. It comes in the brief survey of the state of women's his- ary approach to American women's form of American Women: A Library oftory that illustrates the new questionshistory and culture that the Library's Congress Guide for the Study of Women's emerging from the field and stressescollections provide. The chapters are History and Culture in the United States, the importance of research and docu-organized by the Library's major read- a guide designed to steer even the mentation in answering them. She con-ing rooms and were written by Library most unseasoned researcher through cludes, "Sometimes it is a case of find- of Congress subject specialists. They the mountains of information about ing totally new sources and documentscover the general collections, newspa-

JANUARY 2002 19 17 Edward S. Curtis Ester Hernandez A female shaman of the Athapaskan Hupa of northwestern California, 1923; thisetching,Libertad,was created by a member of the Mujeres Wiuralistas women's artist collective in 1976. pers and periodicals, legal materials,control advocate. Sanger repeatedly1931, which includes her famous tract rare books, manuscripts, prints, photo-found herself at odds with the law of the "The Fight for Birth Control," is located graphs, maps, music, recorded sound,day. In 1914 she was indicted for send-in the Rare Book and Special Collec- moving images, American folklifeing obscenity through the mail: Three tions Division. Many photos of Sanger and foreign-language collections. Eachissues of her journal The Women Rebelcan be found in the Prints and Pho- chapter offers suggestions for using thecontained articles on sexuality. She was tographs Division, and she can even collections and highlights importantconvicted and subsequently impris-be heard on selected radio broadcasts holdings related to women, includingoned in 1917 for operating a birth con- available in the Recorded Sound Sec- digitized collections available throughtrol clinic, yet fearlessly continued hertion of the Motion Picture, Broadcast- the online American Memory collec-campaign for family planning. ing and Recorded Sound Division. tions at www.loc.gov. Many books on Sanger are found in Less obvious, though equally signifi- The guide advises to "cast your netthe Library's General Collections, but cant, is the contribution the Law Library widely." This cannot be stressed toofurther searching will turn up pri-can make to such research. Here one can forcefully. Serious research on a topicmary source material in several otherlook up and trace the history of the laws will invariably lead to more than oneplaces. The Manuscript Division housesthat Sanger defied, such as the Com- reading room. Consider, for example,Sanger's personal papers. A pamphletstock Act of 1873, which classified mate- the case of Margaret Sanger, early birth collection she gave to the Library inrials "for the prevention of conception"

18 20 INFORMATION BULLETIN aof

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Frances Benjamin Johnston Group of Young Women Reading in Library of Normal School, Washington, D.C., 1899; "Editor Polly Pigtails at Work," cover of Polly Pigtails' Magazine for Girls, 1953. After several name and format changes, the magazine is still published today, as YM. JO' 1T'' 6,6aG jPG Mg3 as obscene and made it illegal to send them through the mail. The court decisions that gradually removed restrictions on birth control are a testament to the influence of Sanger's campaign. One of the strengths of American Women is its exploration of sources not commonly consulted for study. Legal information is one type of material that is underused in research, largely due to its perceived complexity. The guide supplies a discussion of legal research methodology that helps demystify law for the novice and demonstrates how inves- tigating court decisions can reveal views and attitudes about women. Along the way researchers learn about treasures like the American State Trials Collection, a published record of state trials dating back to Colo- nial times. Among its trial transcripts and judicial opinions are cases on adultery, murder, libel and rapecases that provide a remarkable record of how women fared in the legal system before there were female attorneys or women jurors. Other unlikely resources abound. In the Music Division, popular American sheet music portrays women in song lyrics and cover art. Images of women in advertising are among the holdings of the Prints and Photographs Division. Newsreel film footage from the Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division chronicle women news makers. Nineteenth century dime novels, an early form of ,UBLISHED BY THE PUBLISHERS OF PARENTS' MAGAZINE

JANUARY 2002 19 EST COPY AVAILABLE 2X This Is the New Fall Style THIS IS THE NEW FALL STYLE IN CAMERA "MEN" in Camera "Men," Photoplay magazine, October 1916 (...----,---.N \ c ;:::: .:-. : .';'A ,../- t ''',`::::, matizes her life. In the Recorded Sound Section, Keller's voice is preserved on an unpublished .c=2. - ,e5 ,.. recording from 1952, in which she addresses Library of Congress employees about the talking books ._. . _ .. \ for the blind program. Recorded sound and moving image are relatively new media, but holdings in both collections date back further k 4. than one might think. The suffrage movement is unexpectedly 'il - well documented on film before ----,--_-_:__,-= rC'-'17. ' ' -r/ /."" ,. women won the vote in 1920. t 0/1- 10 The General Collections also hold unexpected treasures. In

,'1) addition to standard biographical r:, \ or - INWINKTa.o- . sources and women's writings, '4-7.N .. ,. there are etiquette books, game and hobby books, sex manuals, I . C cookbooks, college catalogs and A :', . '14 school primers. All carry different . . kinds of useful information. Nine- 0 Vs\ '1 teenth century cookbooks are full ,ls s of facts on medicines and nursing, NAs) laundry methods, house mainte- nance and etiquette. College catalogs dating back to the 19th century provide fascinating facts about women's education. The collections of the Man- .: uscript Divisionareunprece- dented for their holdings related to ,---_,` ..,,, .,, 1 women. Numbered among them c ' are the personal papers of prom- ..1- inent women such as anthropologist Margaret Mead, Civil War

I ''''7 4 . nurse Clara Barton and suffragette Elizabeth Cady Stanton, whose NIt .2 ."...... manuscripts include a draft of her Stagg photo controversial The Woman's Bible. A Meaning, the style you could fall for.Nor is this a masquerade get-up.Margery Ordway, regular, professional, licensed, union crank-turner at Camp Morosco, has gone into camera workas nonchalantly critical attack on church author- as other girls take up stenography, nursing, husband-stalking. . ity, it nearly splintered the suffrage 103 movement when it was published in 1895. The archival records of pulp fiction, bear such intriguing titles as collection in the United States, found inorganizations such as the League Female Sharpers of New York, Their Hauntsthe Serial and Government Publicationsof Women Voters and the National and Habits, Their Wiles and Their VictimsDivision. There is virtually no type ofAssociation for the Advancement and can be consulted in the Rare Bookmaterial collected by the Library thatof Colored People also prove and Special Collections Division. Mapsdoes not make a contribution to the tell-invaluable for the documents they from the Geography and Map Divisioning of women's stories. contain by and about women and identify property and businesses that By "casting the net widely," one iswomen's issues. The more than women owned and verify such curioussure to encounter surprises along the 900 collections of members of Con- facts as the existence of 109 brothels in theway. In the Moving Image Section ofgress contain much information immediate vicinity of the White Housethe Motion Picture, Broadcasting andabout women's lives. Many of in 1890s Washington. Even the adven-Recorded Sound Division, one can viewthese incorporate correspondence tures of superhero icon Wonder Womanthe 1919 version of "Deliverance," a nar-and other personal papers of con- are documented in the largest comic bookrative film starring Helen Keller that dra-gressional wives, such as Eugenia

20 INFORMATION BULLETIN 22 Q

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Beverly J. Robinson Fannie Lee Teals with her red, white and blue American Revolution Bicentennial quilt, 1977

Levy Phillips, wife of 19th century con- heard singing folk songs includingtion outside of Iran, it is one example of gressional representative Philip Phil-"Mama Don't Want No Peas, No Rice." the foreign-language newspapers and lips from South Carolina. She wasThis song, she explains, "is about aperiodicals published in the United arrested and imprisoned in Wash-woman that wanted to stay drunk allStates that represent the women of ington, D.C., as a Confederate spythe time, and her husband is reallyimmigrant and ethnic populations in during the Civil War. Later paroled, shecomplaining about it." America. returned to the South and worked with The key to unlocking all this infor- Readers will also discover that there sick Confederate soldiers in Georgia. mation is knowing how and where tois considerable overlap in the types of Women are especially important as find it; American Women is invaluablematerial located in the various custodial collectors of ethnographic materials.in this regard. It makes sense of thedivisions. Reading rooms appear to be Many of the collections in the Archive Library's seemingly idiosyncratic orga-organized by format or subject, and in of Folk Culture at the American Folklife nization, explaining where to go tomany cases that assumption works. The Center were wholly or in part created find a specific piece of informationpersonal papers of African American by women. Novelist Zora Neale Hur-and what else might be found of inter-educator and religious leader Nannie ston worked for the Federal Writers'est once there. The Farsi-languageHelen Burroughs may be found in the Project in Florida, serving as an impor-monthly Rah-e-Zendegi, for example, isManuscript Division. Images of the tant contact in the African Americanfound among the Library's area studiesWashington, D.C., school for African community there. Florida Folklife fromcollections. It can be requested in theAmerican girls that she founded in 1909 the VVPACollections,1937-1942, features African and Middle Eastern Readingare in the Prints and Photographs Divi- folk songs and folk tales from a vari-Room, one of four area studies read-sion. There are, however, collections ety of cultural communities through-ing rooms that serve foreign-languagethat contain photographs in the Man- out Florida. Hurston performed during publications. Published in Los Ange-uscript Division, and in the American several recording sessions and can be les, home of the largest Iranian popula-Folklife Center and the Music Division

JANUARY 2002 21 23 * 0

too. The Alexandra Danilova Collection, located in the Music WINTER ISSUE No.7 Division, is particularly noteworthy for the more than 2,000 photographs it contains of the famous ballerina. Recorded sound resources also cross divisional lines, but not in the way one might think. The Music Division, paradoxi- cally, is not the place to go to listen to music performed or composed by women. Audio resources are usually handled through the Recorded Sound ReferenceCenter.Butthe A audio researcher should not overlook the American Folk life 'II t 1 Center. It has an extraordinary collection of recorded ex-slave narratives among its many audio holdings. One can hear the actual voices of former -011111.11 slaves, many of them women, recounting their stories. As one reads through the various chapters of American Women, it becomes evident that certain collections are well represented in the online catalogs and finding aids, while others are not. Many of the Library's more than 120 million items have no bibliographic record online. Special- format collections in particular often rely on in-house finding aids and indexes, and several reading rooms still depend on local card catalogs. This information is crucial in an age when so many believe that everythingcanbefound online. Each chapter of Ameri- can Women also discusses relevant subject headings, recom- mends reference sources and H.G. Peters provides selected bibliographies and search tips. "Path-radio broadcaster Chris Noel, whose pro-table Phineas Fogg" as she brought to life finders" demonstrate how togram during the Vietnam war, "A DateJules Verne's Around the World in Eighty find certain kinds of sources. with Chris," was so successful at boosting Days. Attorney Belva Lockwood became The guide focuses on Librarymorale that the North Vietnamese offeredthe first woman admitted to the U.S. of Congress collections, buta reward for her assassination. Maria Ger-Supreme Court bar in 1879. Photojournalist readers will come away withtrudis Barcelo, known as La Tules, ownedFrances Benjamin Johnston landed an inter- new ideas and methodologiesand ran gambling casinos in New Mexicoview with Adm. George Dewey, the "Hero that can be applied to researchthat made her the richest woman in Santaof Manila Bay," after his naval victory in in general. Fe during the 1840s. She achieved such leg- the Philippines in 1899. She was invited on Aside from its value asendary fame that nearly a century later,board his battleship after producing a letter a research guide, Americanshe was mentioned in the Federal Writers' of reference from Assistant Secretary of Women is fun to read. TheProject interviews. Journalist Nellie Blythe Navy Theodore Roosevelt. The success text is peppered with storiesattained international fame with her round- of composer Amy Beach's Gaelic Symphony of amazing American womenthe-world journey in 1889-90, for the Newin 1896 caused one male composer to refer in different professions, likeYork World. The paper dubbed her a "veri- to her as "one of the boys." Map makers

22 24 INFORMATION BULLETIN o

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Norman Rockwell Two famous female patriotic icons from 1943: Wonder Woman (opposite), from an issue of her comic book, courtesy of DC Comics; Norman Rockwell's Rosie, one of many versions of the famous World War II factory worker Rosie the Riveter, from the cover of The Saturday Evening Post.

JANUARY 2002 LIE 23 a

and geographers, composers and performers, broadcasters and recording artists, filmmakers and actorswomen appear in all these roles and more within the 400-plus pages of American Women. Five essays, also by area specialists, are inter- spersed between the chapters and serve to demonstrate the necessity and value of cross- divisional research. "Marching for the Vote: Remembering the Woman Suffrage Parade of 1913" and "The Long Road to Equality: What Women Won from the ERA Ratification Effort" address issues of political activism and inevi- table reaction. The tension between realistic, and allegorical and stereotypical representations of women are examined in "'With Peace and Freedom Blest!' Woman as Symbol in America, 1590-1800." "Women on the Move: Overland Journeys to California," documents some of the realities of pioneer women's experiences. And "The House That Marian Built: The MacDow- ell Colony of Peterborough, New Hampshire" provides a portrait of a tenacious individualist, demonstrating the rich potential of the Library's collections for biographers. A guide of such comprehensive coverage and attention to detail would not have been possible without the expertise and dedication of the subject area specialists who contributed to it. The Library of Congress staff members who wrote American Women are: Sheridan Harvey, Human- ities and Social Sciences Division; Georgia Metos Higley, Serial and Government Publi- cations Division; Pamela Barnes Craig, Law Library of Congress; Rosemary Fry Plakas, Rare Book and Special Collections Division; Jacque-

Susan Dwyer-Shick line Coleburn, Special Materials Cataloging Instructor Sister Mary Abdi withstudents Rohymah Toulas and Division; Janice E. Ruth, Manuscript Division; Lanya Abdul-jabbar in IslamicSchool, Seattle, Wash., 1982; Barbara Orbach Natanson, Prints and Photo- dressmaker Elsa Mantilla andbeauty pageant contestants, graphs Division; Patricia Molen van Ee, Geog- Woodridge, N.J., 1994 raphy and Map Division; this writer, who is \-Jcbd,,(\ in the Music Division; Nancy J. Seeger, Recorded Sound Section of the Motion Picture, Broadcasting, and Recorded Sound Division; Rosemary Hanes with /Th Brian Taves, Moving Image Section of the Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division; James Hardin, American FolklifeCenter; Peggy K. Pearlstein and Barbara A. Tenenbaum, Area Studies Collections; Leslie W. Gladstone, Congressional Research Service; and Sara Day, Pub- lishing Office. Publishing Office Edi- tors Sara Day and Evelyn Sinclair were joined by three of these specialists in editing the guide: Sheridan Harvey, women's studies specialist in the Main Reading Room; Janice E. Ruth, specialist in women's history in the Manu- script Division; and Barbara Orbach Natanson, reference specialist in the Prints and Photographs Division. Martha Cooper 24 26 INFORMATION BULLETIN 0

Toni Frissell During the almost four years that American Women was in pro- Nuns clamming on Long Island, September duction, the Library of Congress team was advised by an outside1957, a departure for this photographer, committee of six women's history scholars led by historian and known primar ly for her fashion work. writer Susan Ware of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Studies at Harvard University. Each of Ms. Ware's fellow scholars contributed in unique ways to shaping and polishing the guide. They are: Eileen Boris, Hull Professor of Women's Studies at the University of California at Santa Barbara; Joanne M. Braxton, Frances L. and Edwin L. Cummings Professsor of American Studies and English at the College of William and Mary; Carol F. Karlsen, associate professor of history at the University of Michigan; Alice Kessler-Harris, Hoxie Professor of American History at Columbia University; and Vicki L. Ruiz, professor of history and Chicano-Latino studies at the University of California at Irvine. The vast holdings of the Library of Congress illuminate the lives of women in countless ways. The collections discussed here represent only a small portion of what is available. American Women is the tool that will lead researchers to many others. There is much still to discover, and numerous stories yet to be told.

Ms. Rausch, a specialist in the Music Division, is a Leadership Development Program intern in the Public Affairs Office.

American Women: A Library of Congress Guide for the Study of Women's History and Culture in the United Statesa 456-page softcover book with 298 illustrations, many in coloris available for $35 at major bookstores, through the University Press of New England and from the Library of Congress Sales Shops by calling (202) 707-0204.

JANUARY 2002 25 BOOKS

GIVE US News from the Center for the Book WINGS State Center Update The mission of the national Center for the Book is to stimulate public interest in books, reading and libraries. To reach the state and local level, the national center thus far has authorized affiliated centers in 44 states and the District of Columbia. In 1984 it approved Florida as the first state center. In late 2001, it approved the most recentHawaii and New

THE CENTER FOR THE BOOK Jersey. Most of the affiliated centers are located either in state libraries or large public library systems, but seven (Alabama, Arizona, California, Idaho, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Penn- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS sylvania) are hosted by universities and five (Maine, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, Ten- nessee) are hosted by state humanities councils. Affiliations are for three-year periods, and each center needs to apply for renewal every three years. Its application outlines past accomplishments and future programming and funding plans. Each state center must provide its own financial and in-kind support.

State Center Renewals In December 2001, the national Center for the Book approved renewal applications from all nine state centers eligible for renewal, extending their respective affiliations through the end of 2004. The renewed state center affiliates and their founding dates are: Kentucky (1992), Michigan (1986), Montana (1990), North Carolina (1992), Okla- homa (1986), Oregon (1986), Utah (1999), Washington (1989) and Wyo- ming (1995). For further information about the national program and the activities of each affiliate, visit the Center for the Book's Web site at www.loc.gov/cfbook. Michigan Promotes Its Authors and Illustrators The Michigan Center for the Book, located at the Michigan State Library, continued its sponsorship of the multivolume Voices of Michi- gan, an anthology of poetry, fiction and nonfiction that showcases Michigan's new authors. The third Alabama Gets Started volume was published in 2001. The new (2001) Alabama Center for the Book, The center began collaborating with the Michigan Association of hosted by the Center for the Arts & Humanities Media in Education to produce online a searchable database, Michigan at Auburn University, helped host one of the Authors & Illustrators. In 2002 it is planning a Literary Landmark event national Center for the Book's Viburnum family honoring John Donaldson Voelker (1903-1991), a Michigan Supreme literacy training workshops, which was held Court justice who under the pen name Robert Traver wrote the in Montgomery on Aug. 22-24, 2001. It also is one best-selling Anatomy of of several state organizational sponsors of a Murder (1958) and Books Give Us many other works. WingsHelp Our Ay.anOn Nov. 1, the center Children Fly, Ala- will be one of the bama's family sponsors of the Mich- reading calendar Ceenter igan Author Award for 2002 (above), a ceremonyatthe project developed ALABAMA /or 6i) annual meeting of with Alabama first CENTER FOR THE the Michigan Library lady Lori Allen g_1300k Association. Siegelman. B00000.1(

26 28 INFORMATION BULLETIN o

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Montana Launches Book Festival In 1998 the Montana Center for the Book moved from the Montana State Library in Helena to the Montana Committee for the Humanities in Missoula. One of the new projects, beginning in 2000, was the first Montana Festival of the Book, cosponsored by the center and the Humanities Committee. The second festival, held on Sept. 6-8 in Missoula, featured more than 100 writers in more than 60 sessions, with a cumulative attendance of 5,300. Other successful cooperative Montana Center for the Book projects include the development and printing of Montana's Millennial Literary Map (2000); participation in the national center's Letters About Literature project; promotion and involvement in the humanities-based Prime Time Reading program, supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities; and sponsorship of "Let's Talk About It" reading and discussion programs in four Montana communities, with funding from NEH and the American Library Association. Montana Center for North Carolina Launches "NC Reads NC" NORTH To celebrate the 10th anniversary of the North Carolina CAROLINACenter for the Book in 2002, the center has embarked on "NC the Book Reads NC," a statewide poetry promotion project honoring North Carolina's poets and their art. State Poet Laureate Fred Chappell inaugurated the program with a reading and signing on Oct. 5 at the North Carolina Bien- CENTERnial Conference, held in Winston-Salem. Because the North Carolina State Library is its host, the North Carolina FORcenter is involved in several reading promotion, humanities and exhibition projects supported by the state library and funded by the American Library THEAssociation, the National Endowment for the Humanities, the North Carolina Humanities Council and other organizations. It also participates in national BOOKCenter for the Book projects such as Letters About Literature, River of Words and the Mother Goose Asks "Why?" project organized by the Vermont Center for the Book.

Wyoming Reaches Across the State Located at the Wyoming State Library in Cheyenne since its creation in 1995, the Wyoming Center for the Book promotes books and reading through several diverse projects. Its newsletter, Sage Readers, is distributed throughout the state twice a year to individuals, bookstores and libraries. Its annual Wyoming Authors WYOMING Bookmark, also distributed widely, lists a sampling of books by new authors. It maintains an online Wyoming Authors Database. On Oct. 27, 2001, it cospon- Center for the sored the first Wyoming Bookfest, which featured the poets laureate from Wyoming, Utah, Col- orado and Nebraska. Like North Carolina,Book it participates in the Letters About n?e 05 IIIW\Literature, River of Words and Mother Goose Asks "Why?" projects.

JANUARY 2002 l&Ir COPY AVAILABILZ n 27 4. THE LIBRARY OF 101CONGRESS INDEPENDENCE AVE.PUBLIC S.E. AFFAIRS OFFICE PRESORTEDLIBRARYPOSTAGE OF STANDARD CONGRESS & FEES PAID PENALTY FORWASHINGTON, PRIVATE USE $300 DC 20540-1610 OFFICIAL BUSINESS DATED MATERIAL WASHINGTON,PERMIT No. DC G-103 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS IfINFORMATION you wish to be BULLETINremoved from the mailing list ISSN 0041-7904 address.theaddresstofor the thisBulletin, above publicationlabel address. pleaseand return. checkaddress If change To here yourrequest is inquires required missing to enter theissue(s) aboveon of and return this page The LIBRARY of CONGRESS Information Bulle Vol. 61, No. 2 February 2002

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In Review 3, EST COPY AVAILABLE -1 The LIBRARY of CONGRESS Information Bulletin JAMES H. BILLINGTON Vol. 61, No. 2 February 2002 Librarian of Congress

On the Cover:The front steps of the Thomas Jefferson Building of the Library of Congress. Photo by Robert Sokol A Year of Challenges and Triumphs:The past year at the Library included ups and downs the first National Book Festival and then the Sept. 11 tragedy and its impact. 38 Security Funds:Congress and the president have approved new funds for the Library to recover from the anthrax threat and other security measures following the events of Sept. 11. 31 D.C. Health:Dr. Ivan Walks, chief health officer for the District of Columbia, delivered the keynote address for the Library's African American History Month celebration. 32 36 Abe, Honestly:The National Digital Library Program and the Manuscript Division have announced the final release of the Abraham Lincoln Papers online at the American Memory Web site. 33 New Online:Other new collections available from American Memory include the Samuel F.B. Morse papers, Woody Guthrie's correspondence, evidence from the Haymarket Affair, a maritime perspective on American expansion and texts from Southern black churches from the end of slavery through 1925. 34 Honored Guest:Ryozo Kato, wife of the Japanese ambassador to the United States, recently visited the Library's exhibition of Ukiyo-e art. 35 Islam in America:The Library's African and Middle Eastern 38Division and the Office of Scholarly Programs recently sponsored the eighth in a series of symposia on Islam. 35 CivilWar Diarist:The nation's capital was a city in crisis during the Civil War years. One civil servant of the era, Horatio Nelson Taft, kept a diary of those years, and the Library has made it available online. 36 News from the Center for the Book 46

The Library of Congress Information Bulletin (ISSN 0041-7904) is issued 11 times a year by the Public Affairs Office of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge ry to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in the United States. It is also available on the World Wide Web at www.loc.gov/today. Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive the Bulletin on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library's Director for Acquisitions and Support Services, 101 Independence Avenue S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. All other correspondence should be addressed to the Information Bulletin, Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-1610, e-mail [email protected]. GUY LAMOLINARA, Editor JOHN H. SAYERS, Designer 46 AUDREY FISCHER, Assignment Editor

32 5 Security at the Library New Congressional Funds Total $29.6 Million

BY GAIL FINEBERG puter facility to ensure thedeposit as well as materials that the rlongress and the presi- continuity of operationsLibrary orders for the collections from dent have approved a in the event of a majorpublishers and overseas dealers. $29.6 million supplemen- disaster in the Madison The Acquisitions Directorate's three tal security appropriation Building or on CapitoldivisionsEuropean and Latin Amer- for the Library to pay Hill," Mr. Handy said.ica, Anglo-American, and Africa, Asia, for the cost of recovering "We aim to ensureand Overseas Operationsare all from the Oct. 15 anthrax Tiff the survivability of ourbracing for the backlog by clearing threat, an off-site mail pro- computer systems andshelf space. cessing facility and an off- our digital collections Staff of the Acquisitions Director- site facility to protect com- regardless of the nature ofate, the Serial Record Division, and puter systems and data. any future catastrophe." the Copyright Acquisitions Division Included in the appropriation is Of this allocation, $300,000 iswere to begin taking classes in "irra- $4.2 million for the anticipated cost ofobligated for the second quarter of fiscal diation triage." Staff will learn how processing a 3 million-item backlog of2002 to contract with industry experts to handle irradiated mail safely, even irradiated books, serials and letters,and technical consultants to help thethough it will have been tested and once they begin to arrive at the LibraryLibrary develop a detailed plan forhandled several times off site before sometime next month; replacing mate-the center. Once the technical plan fordelivery to the Library, Ms. Daven- rials that have been damaged by irradi-the computer center is completed, theport said. Ms. Davenport said her staff ation; and new operations to cope withLibrary will submit an obligation planwill be able to assess material damage terrorist threats. for the remaining $15.7 million. from irradiation only after materials The Library's supplemental security begin to arrive. She said she expects appropriation was part of $40 billionSecurity Recovery microfilm to be destroyed, paper to appropriated in September for emer- The Library's supplemental secu-be embrittled and other formats to be gency homeland security and disasterrity appropriation includes $4.2 mil-damaged. recovery and allocated in a bill (H.R.lion to pay for the Library's cost of Irene Schubert, head of the Preserva- 3338) that Congress approved on Dec. staff overtime and contractors to pro-tion Reformatting Division, has been 20 and the president signed into lawcess the 3 million-item mail backlogsending various materials to the Titan (P.L. 107-117) on Jan. 10. and other expenditures, such as haz-Corp. irradiation plant in Lima, Ohio, The Library prepared an "obliga-ardous materials training and testing.to test the effect of intense heat on tion plan" for spending $13.9 millionIncluded is $398,168 to replace col-items such as transparent tape, plastic during the remaining three quarterslections materials that may have beensleeves and plastic stoppers of mail of fiscal year 2002. The balance willdamaged or destroyed in the decon-tubes. Although it is clear that irradi- cover the costs of the off-site comput-tamination process. Director for Acqui-ation damages electronic equipment, ing center, explained Financial Servicessitions Nancy Davenport pointed outelectronic tape appears to survive, Ms. Director John D. Webster. that the mail backlog includes itemsDavenport said. being sent to the Library for copyright continued on page 45 Computer Security Sixteen million dollars of the supplemental will be spent to create a secure Changes at the Bulletin Library of Congress, including Trea- off -site computing center at which the Helen Dalrymple, senior public sures of the Library of Congress, Guide Library's computer systems and data, affairs specialist in the Public Affairs to the Library of Congress, The Library including those that serve Congress, Office, will become the new editorof Congress and The Printed Book in a will be replicated. of the Information Bulletin, beginning Digital Age. Mike Handy, acting director of Infor- with the next issue. Ms. Dalrymple This is my last issue as editor. I mation Technology Services (ITS), said, has worked in Public Affairs sincehave moved to the Library's new "ITS has a project team working with 1987. She joined the Library of Con-Office of Strategic Initiatives. This staff in the Senate Computer Center gress in 1967, working in the Con-service unit of the Library is respon- in the office of the Senate Sergeant at gressional Research Service, wheresible for leading the national effort Arms and with technical staff from she was an analyst in American gov-to develop a strategy for collecting, House Information Resources, as well ernment. Ms. Dalrymple temporar-archiving and preserving digital as with technical staff from the Archi- ily left the Library in 1981 to become materials, as well as a way to make tect of the Capitol, to ensure our plans a partner in Werner-Bok Associates,them available while adhering to are compatible and complementary. where she assisted with or co-wrotecopyright law. "Our primary goal is to develop for several books and articles about the Editor the Library an alternative, secure corn-

FEBRUARY 2002 31

4'4 33 `100 Percent Success' D.C. Health Officer Delivers African American Keynote

BY AUDREY FISCHER According to Dr. Walks, too often With a theme of "The Color Line health care is administered according Revisited: Is Racism Dead?" the to stereotypes. keynote address for the 2002 Library "We can make some assumptions of Congress African American History about group behavior, but stereotypes Month was delivered on Feb. 21 by Dr. teach us nothing about the individ- Ivan Walks, chief health officer for the ual," he said. "A good auto mechanic District of Columbia. (Dr. Walks has wouldn't simply look at a Chevy and since resigned from his position, effec- determine that the problem must be tive May 1.) the transmission. But when it comes to "I'll let you answer the question, but people, we do stupid stuff like that." the fact that you can revisit something Dr. Walks would like to see the bar means you can still find it," said Dr. raised when it comes to setting stan- Walks. dards for measuring success. Citing the Dr. Walks, who was much in the District of Columbia's infant mortality news this fall during the anthrax out- rate of about 12 percent, he would like break, expressed his pride at being to see that figure reduced to zero. asked to participate in the Library's "In a program like Healthy Start, celebration of African American His- where resources were applied to this tory Month. Dr. Ivan Walks problem, we have managed to reduce "I don't know when I've felt more the infant mortality rate to zero," honored," he said. "If you get caught up in the microin-he noted. "When we see that 100 per- However, he acknowledged that cel- sults, then you won't achieve and theycent success can be achieved, then we ebrating African American accomplish-win." Dr. Walks defined "they" as "theshouldn't accept anything less. Let's ments can be a double-edged sword. ones who think we don't still have astop saying that because some of us "Recognizing accomplishments canproblem because someone like Ken-can get there it's okay. We must not be good and bad," he said. "Some mayneth Chenault could become CEO ofjust walk in our ancestors' footsteps point to Kenneth Chenault, the chiefAmerican Express." and do better. We must walk in our executive officer of American Express, "It goes back to how you wereancestors' footsteps and take 100 per- who isalso an African Americanraised," he said. "The best advantagecent with us." man, and say, 'Problem solved.' That'sis having people put in your head the Duringaquestion-and-answer very dangerous. Celebrate accomplish-idea that you can achieve." period following his speech, Dr. Walks ments, but don't believe the hype." Withimmigrantparentswhoraised the issue of the handling of the Even as a trained neuropsychiatristfocused on what they could accom-anthrax outbreak at the Brentwood with a medical degree from the Uni-plish and, in turn, what their childrenPost Office. In keeping with the Afri- versity of California at Davis School ofcould achieve, Dr. Walks had thatcan American History Month theme, Medicine, Dr. Walks is no stranger toadvantage. Although he grew uphe addressed the allegations of racism racial profiling. knowing that there were only a fewsome felt explained the disparity in "I know I'm different because I'm the seats for African Americans in collegetreatment between postal workers at only black male in America who hasand medical school, his mother wouldthe Brentwood Post Office and con- a letter of apology from Los Angelesnot let him use that as an excuse to fail.gressional staff in the Hart Senate Police Chief Darryl Gates," he said. Instead she asked the question, "HowOffice Building. Although the circumstances of his false many seats do you need?" "Three days after anthrax was found arrest may be commonplace in the Dr. Walks recalled being the onlyin a letter addressed to Sen. Daschle black community, the special handlingblack male in his medical school classin the Hart Building, a group of of his case, with the letter of apology,of 100: "It was hard to remain anony-usincluding the white Postmaster occurred only because of his stature asmous when filling out a teacher eval-General, the FBI, the news media a public figure. (Dr. Walks served asuation form, even though we onlywent to the Brentwood Post Office," a mental health commissioner in Loshad to identify ourselves by race,said Dr. Walks. "It was just stupid not Angeles County in the mid-1990sgender and number of years in medi-to realize that a problem could exist and later as medical director for man- cal school." in the Brentwood facility. But when a aged care for the Los Angeles County As a physician and public healthwhole group does something stupid, is Department of Mental Health.) official,Dr. Walks is deeply con-that racism or honest ignorance?" Although he described himself as acerned about the disparity of treat- "typical angry black male," Dr. Walksment received by various populations Ms. Fischer is a public affairs specialist in has not dwelled on the negative. along racial and socioeconomic lines. the Public Affairs Office.

32 34 INFORMATION BULLETIN Abraham Lincoln Online Presidential Papers in Final Release

The National Digital Library Pro-after his father was assassinated At gram and the Manuscript Divisionthat time, Robert Todd Lincoln had announce the final release of the Abra- the Lincoln Papers removed to Illinois, ham Lincoln Papers at the Library ofwhere they were first organized under Congress. The papers can be accessedthe direction of Judge David Davis from the American Memory Web siteof Bloomington, Ill., Abraham at www.loc.gov. This final releaseLincoln's longtime associ- includes 20,000 documents, compris-ate. Later, Lincoln's presi- ing 61,000 digital images and anno-dential secretaries in Wash- tated transcriptions of approximatelyington, John G. Nicolay 11,000 documents. and John Hay, assisted in The Abraham Lincoln Papers at the the project. In 1874, most Library of Congress contain itemsof the Lincoln Papers dating from 1833 through 1916. Most ofreturned to Washington, the approximately 20,000 items in thisand Nicolay and Hay release are from the 1850s through Lin-usedtheminthe coln's presidential years, 1860-65. Trea- research and writing of sures include Lincoln's draft of thetheir 10-volume biog- Emancipation Proclamation; his Marchraphy, Abraham Lin- 4, 1865, draft of his second Inauguralcoln: A History (New Address; and his Aug. 23, 1864, memo- York, 1890). In 1919, randum expressing his expectation ofRobert Todd Lincoln being defeated in the upcoming presi-deposited the Lin- dential election. Other correspondencecoln Papers with the ( relating to these treasures provides his-Library of Congress torical context for understanding howand on Jan. 23, 1923, and why they were written. he deeded them to the The Lincoln Papers collection richly Library. The deed stip- documents historical events of theulated that the Lin- period, such as the crisis surroundingcoln Papers remain sealed until 21ing to Lincoln or referred to in the the reinforcement of Fort Sumter inyears after his own death. On July 26,documents, explain terms and events early 1861, the Sioux uprising in Min-1947, the Lincoln Papers were officially and provide brief historical context. nesota in the fall of 1862 and the writ-opened to the public. These fully searchable transcriptions ing of and popular response to the Annotated transcriptions that accom-and annotations dramatically extend Emancipation Proclamation of 1863.pany the digital images of items inaccess to the Abraham Lincoln Papers Letters to Lincoln from a wide varietythe papers were provided by the Lin-and enhancetheirteaching and of correspondentsfriends and legalcoln Studies Center, under contract to research value. and political associates from Lincoln'sthe Library of Congress. The center is This release completes the online days in Springfield,Ill.;nationallocated at Knox College in Galesburg,presentation of the Abraham Lincoln and regional political figures andIll., and was established in 1997. It isPapers at the Library of Congress. reformers; local people and organiza-headed by noted Lincoln scholars andAn introductory, or demonstration, tions writing to their presidentoffereditors Rodney 0. Davis and Douglasrelease of approximately 2,000 docu- sources on the political, social and L. Wilson. The Lincoln Studies Centerments was made available in Febru- economic history of the times as wellcreated annotated transcriptions for allary 2000. This was followed by the as insights into Lincoln's personalthe documents in Lincoln's own handfirst formal release in February 2001 and professional life. Included in theand, in addition, annotated transcrip-of approximately 17,000 documents papers are documents written aftertions for nearly 50 percent of the(54,000 images) and 3,500 document Lincoln's assassination on April 14,other items, which consist mostly oftranscriptions. Both the introductory 1865, such as letters of condolence toLincoln's incoming correspondence.and the first release contained descrip- his widow, Mary Todd Lincoln, andAnnotations for Lincoln's autographtive document titles and annotated correspondence between his oldestdocuments include a headnote provid-transcriptions that were "works in son, Robert Todd Lincoln, and others. ing historical and documentary con-progress." This final release in March The Lincoln Papers came to thetext, as well as annotations on the2002 includes updates of those "works Library of Congress from Robert Todd content of the document. Annotationsin progress" as well as the remaining Lincoln (1843-1926), who arranged for for incoming correspondence typically3,000 documents (7,000 images) and their organization and care shortlyidentify people and organizations writ-7,500 transcriptions.

FEBRUARY 2002 3 5 33 New in American Memory Samuel Morse, Woody Guthrie, Chicago Anarchists

Library of Congress's unparal-Second World War provideChicamAnarchistspnbTrialtravels. The unique leledreledonline collections of Amer- unique insight into the artist mem:74114 Vss....mPrING maritimeperspec- icanhistorical materials have beenbest known for his role as -1411X2;:. tive of these materi- enhanced with the following collec- "Dust Bowl balladeer." als offers a rich look tions, available from American Memory "Chicago Anarchists on at the events, culture, at www.loc.gov. Trial: Evidence from the Hay- beliefs and personal "The Samuel E marketAffair, Bride-nee from the HaymarketAffeir experiences associ- B. Morse Papers 1886-1887" show- -' 1886-1887 ated with the settle- at the Library of casesmorethan3,800 ment of California, Alaska, Hawaii, Congress" com- images of original manu-Texas and the Pacific Northwest. A prises about 6,500 scripts, broadsides, photo-number of photographs, paintings, items that doc- ape -ors, graphs, prints and artifactsmaps, and nautical charts are also umentMorse's relating to the Haymarketincluded to illustrate the story of Ameri- invention of the Affair. This violent confron- cans' western seaborne travel. Various electromagnetic telegraph, his partici-tation between Chicago police and laborthemes are touched upon, including pation in the development of telegraphprotesters in 1886 proved to be a piv- whaling, life at sea, shipping, women at systems in the United States and abroad,otal setback in the struggle for American sea and native populations. his career as a painter, his family life, his workers' rights. These materials pertain The digitization of this collection was travels and his interest in early photog-to the May 4, 1886, meeting and bomb-also made possible by the Library of raphy, religion and the nativist move-ing; the trial, conviction and subsequentCongress/Ameritech National Digital ment. Included in the collection areappeals of those accused of incitingLibrary Competition. correspondence, letterbooks, diaries,the bombing; and the "The Church in scrapbooks, printed matter, maps, draw-execution of four of the the nnotra Southern ings and other miscellaneous materi-convicted and the later lo..101;; Black Community, als. The collection includes the originalpardon of the remain- 1870-1925" is a com- paper tape containing the first telegraphing defendants. Of spe- pilation of printed message, "What hath God wrought?,"cial interest and signifi- 'the thuiCh_n41' SoulLernh texts fromthe sent on May 24, 1844. The digitization cance are the two dozen Black community, 1780-1925 libraries at the Uni- of the Morse Papers is made possible images of three-dimen- versityof North through the generous support of thesional artifacts, including contemporary Carolina at Chapel Hill. It traces how AT&T Foundation. Chicago Police Department parapher-Southern African Americans expe- nalia, labor banners and an unex-rienced and transformed Protestant aaa. ploded bomb casing given to juror J.H.Christianity into the central insti- ag@lhlwG ©2 ii\m-psdaao, Brayton by Chicago Police Capt. Michael tution of community life. Coverage giOM 5:mg. Schaack. The cornerstone is the presen-begins with white churches' conver- 43l0 0 dence,.1,9;4 0-1 95 0 tation of the transcript of the 3,200 pages sion efforts, especially in the post- _kis* s ssaPssr a Lr son and ballads in the to & se /1 of proceedings from the murder trial of If-rlior of stories and ord.- Revolutionary period, and depicts the slltss ..yor ham.. blower, and ',AWL. State of Illinois v. August Spies, et al. tensions and contradictions between "Woody Guthrie and the Archive of The digitization and presentation ofthe egalitarian potential of evangelical American Folk Song: Correspondence,these materials from the Chicago His-Christianity and the realities of slavery. 1940-1950" highlights letters betweentorical Society were supported by anIt focuses, through slave narratives and Woody Guthrie and staff of the Archive award from the Library of Congress/observations by other African Amer- of American Folk Song (now the Archive Ameritech National Digital Libraryican authors, on how the black com- of Folk Culture at the Library's Amer-Competition. This three-year program,munity adapted evangelical Christian- ican Folldife Center). The letters werewhich concluded in 1999, made awardsity, making it a metaphor for freedom, written primarily in the early 1940s,to more than 30 institutions nationwidecommunity and personal survival. shortly after Guthrie had moved toto digitize selected materials and make An award from the Library of New York City and met the archive'sthem available online. Congress/Ameritech National Digi- assistant in charge, Alan Lomax. In "Westward by Sea: A Maritimetal Library Competition supported New York, Guthrie pursued broadcast-Perspective on American Expansion,the digitization of 100 titles from ing and recording careers, meeting a 1820-1890" is a selectionwcsi,Er 1,7 sca the University of North cadre of artists and social activists andof items from Mystic Sea- Carolina at Chapel Hill. gaining a reputation as a talented and port's archival collections The university supple- influential songwriter and performer.and includes logbooks, mented these titles with His written and, occasionally, illustrated diaries, letters, business 35 additional texts illu- reflections on his past, his art, his lifepapers and published A Maritime. Perspective minating the same in New York City and the loomingnarratives of voyages and 1820-1890 theme.

34 INFORMATION BULLETIN 36 . 0 -s?nn

.1 nos Wife of Ambassador Visits Among those visiting the exhibition, "The Floating World of Ukiyo-e: Shadows, Dreams, and Substance," was Mrs. Ryozo Kato, wife of the Japanese ambassador to the United States. She toured the exhibition with guest scholar Lawrence Marceau of the University of Delaware. Islam in America Library Hosts Symposium on Muslim History, Culture in the U.S. Gail Fineberg

BY MARY-JANE DEEB focused on the historical roots of Muslimuated" and went to higher educational O("Nn Jan. 29 the Library's African andimmigration to the United States. Thelevels. Arabic in Africa was like Latin Eastern Division and thefirst speaker was Derrick Beard, a pre-in Europe, and African languages were Office of Scholarly Programs co-spon- eminent collector of 18th, 19th and early- written using the Arabic script. He said sored a symposium on "Islam in Amer-20th century African American decora-that Timbuktu in the 16th century was ica." This was the eighth in a series oftive arts, photography and rare books. one of the greatest centers of learning on symposia on Islam made possible inHe talked about a unique manuscript,the continent, and that records of schol- part by a grant from the Rockefellerthe autobiography of Omar ibn Said,ars such as Ahmed Baba (1564-1627) Foundation and the Raja Sidawi Fund.a Senegalese who was captured andfrom Mali who wrote treatises on law, Carolyn Brown, assistant librarianbrought to America at the end of theastronomy, religious hadith and bio- for Library Services and acting direc-18th century as a slave. Omar bingraphical dictionaries exist to this day tor of Area Studies, welcomed moreSaid had been a well-educated Muslimand are used by scholars. than 100 attendees. She also thankedwho wrote in Arabic and left behind a The Muslim Arab-American expe- the organizers of the conference andnumber of manuscripts, 13 of which arerience was covered by Yvonne Y. talked about the need to bring to theextant. Some scholars believe that per-Haddad, a professor of the history capital a historical perspective to thehaps as many as 10 percent of the slavesof Islam and Muslim-Christian rela- understanding of current events. Thewho were brought to America betweentions at Georgetown University. She symposia, she maintained, assembled1711 and 1715 were Muslims and thedescribed the various stereotypes of multiple perspectives and viewpointsmajority probably literate. The Life ofArabs and Muslims in the United from many different cultures, reflectingOmar ibn Said was displayed in a glassStates, including that of the terrorist. in a way the Library' own vast multi-case for the attendees to see. She praised President Bush for having lingual collections. The second speaker was John 0.made clear from the onset that in the The first panel, chaired by MarietaHunwick, professor of history and reli-aftermath of Sept. 11, the United States Harper,an African-areaspecialist,gion at Northwestern University, whowas at war against terrorism and not is a world renowned scholar onagainst Islam. Arabic manuscripts from Africa. The second panel, "Islam in Con- He discussed the very old tradi-temporary America," was chaired by tion of education in Africa, whereProsser Gifford, director of the Office for hundreds of years, childrenof Scholarly Programs. He introduced from the age of 6 began learningAkbar S. Ahmed, the Ibn Khaldun the Koran, passed exams, "grad- C continued on page 45

Charlynn Spencer Pyne Speakers at the symposium on "Islam in America" included (from left) Akbar Ahmed, Sylviane Diouf and Amir al-Islam. Charlynn Spencer Pyne

FEBRUARY 2002 37 35 Washington in Crisis, 1861-1865 Library Acquires the Diary of Horatio Nelson Taft

BY JOHN SELLERS The Washington diary of Horatio Nelson Taft, recently presented to the Library of Congress by Mrs. Willoughby Davis of Falls Church, Va., has been in the possession of the Taft family since the author's death at Sag Harbor, N.Y., on April 14, 1888. Amazingly, the three-volume manuscript has never been read or discussed at length outside the Taft family. The only hint of its existence appeared in 1901 in a small but popular book, Tad Lin- coln's Father, by Horatio Taft's daughter, JuliaTaft Bayne (1845-1933). E. Sachse Keeping the private diaryA bird's-eye view of the U.S. Capitol, looking west toward Washington, ca. of one's ancestors out of the1852the way Horatio Nelson Taft would have found the city. hands of scholars and writers is not unusual; however, in this instanceher entertain the family on the piano.Washington had to offer. He then the decision is somewhat remarkablePresident Lincoln, perhaps mindful ofset about collecting endorsements. considering the interaction that existed the daughter he would never have,Twice he called upon President James between the children of Horatio andfound Julia's long curls irresistible. Buchanan, and he made several appear- Mary Taft and the children of Abraham Horatio Taft was already a fixture inances at the office of Interior Secretary and Mary Lincoln. The Lincoln boys, Washington when the Lincolns movedJacob Thompson. Also high on Hora- William and Thomas, better knowninto the White House. The economictio's list of potential supporters were as Willie and Tad, were regular play-upheavals of the Panic of 1857 had Isaac Toucey, secretary of the Navy, and mates of 14-year-old Horatio Nelsonforced him to abandon a strugglingAaron V. Brown, the postmaster gen- Jr., or Bud, and 11-year-old Halseylaw practice in Lyons, N.Y. But Judgeeral. He felt he could count on New Cook Taft, called Holly. Until WillieTaft, as Horatio was known through-York's Sen. William H. Seward as well Lincoln's death from typhoid fever out Wayne County, was well connectedas Rep. Daniel E. Sickles. In a moment in February 1862, the Lincoln and politically, and after some reflection, heof desperation, he offered to "fee" Sick- Taft boys, sometime in company withdecided to apply for a salaried positionles, who politely declined. Such pop- 8-year-old Willie Taft, were almostwith the federal government. Over theular New Yorkers as Horace F. Clark, inseparable. When not at their stud-years he had developed considerableformer Rep. Hiram Waldbridge and ies, the boys played, ate and occasion- expertise in steam power and weap-Fernando Wood also heard Taft's ardent ally slept together, either at the Whiteonry, and he thought his knowledgeappeal for support and promised to House or at the Taft residence on Lcould be put to good use as a patentuse their influence on his behalf. Street near Franklin Square. examiner with the U.S. Patent Office. Still, nothing happened. Frustrated, Julia Taft, who was then in her teens, On Jan. 22, 1858, just nine days afterHoratio continued his rounds. He spoke also found a warm welcome at thehis 52nd birthday, Horatio boarded ato such well-known people as Harriet White House. Julia was the oldest oftrain for Washington. However, hadLane, Sen. Preston King, Duff Green, Horatio and Mary's four children, andHoratio known the extent of the lobby- Benjamin Perley Poore, Persifor Frazer it naturally became her responsibility ing effort he would have to undertakeSmith, C.P. Kirkland, the artist, Clark to see that her brothers got safely to and to win the desired appointment, it isMills, and anyone else who would from the Executive Mansion. Whiledoubtful that he would have made thelisten. His efforts were to no avail. waiting for the boys to finish their play,trip. Success depended on far moreFinally, one month to the day of his Julia would sometimes read a "French" than his lifelong membership in thearrival in Washington, Horatio boarded novel, books that were forbidden in Democratic Party. the train back to New York. He traveled the Taft home and that the observant To bolster his appearance, Horatioin the company of Sen. Charles Sumner, Tad Lincoln delighted in reporting torented a room at the recently openedwho, though still recovering from the her parents. But to Julia's delight, Mary Willard Hotel, even though it threat-beating he had received at the hand Lincoln took an interest in her, eitherened to exhaust his rapidly diminish-of Preston Brooks of South Carolina, engaging her in conversation or having ing savings. The Willard was the bestattempted to revive the spirits of

36 INFORMATION BULLETIN 3@ this spurned and dejected office seeker. Two months passed before Horatio felt con- r fident enough to resume his lobbying effort. But when he boarded the train for Washington a second time, he seemed more 41.), >1-e Sr, - determined than before. He abandoned expensive hotels for the cheaper boarding houses so he could stay longer. He may even have decided not to leave Washington until , (7:1, 51-e, he had accomplished his purpose. One day Hora- tio would call on the interior secretary and the next, the postmaster general. He talkedwas still under construc- I-- 1 to generals and judges, foreign diplo-tion and the Congres- mats and government officials. No onesional Library (the origi- in authority escaped his solicitations. As nal name of the Library ,.-; the days turned into weeks, he workedof Congress). Nothing even harder. escaped his notice. How-Horatio Nelson Taft in an undated photo by Toward the end of June, Horatioever, the citizenry disap-Mathew Brady; the first page of Tatt's diary, kept wrote, "Shall make a rush next weekpointed him. The city didwhile he lived in Washington, D.C., 1861-1865. for myself," and two days later, "Shallnot "move," as he put use all the Democrats this week, they allit; the people lacked enterprise. Theynext door to John Philip Sousa. When favor me." The endorsements includeshowed no distinctive character and Mary arrived with the children, Hora- every notable Democrat in the govern-seemed to look to the federal govern-tio leased two slaves from a Virginia ment. Finally, on July 1, a summonsment for everything. Especially disap- slave owner to assist her with domestic reached Horatio. He was to appear thepointing was the lack of enthusiasm chores. Both slaves slept in a shanty in next day before an examining boardover advances in the field of science,the alley behind the house. He felt as made up of three senior patent officers.such as the successful laying of thethough he had been given a new lease To his great relief, Horatio answeredAtlantic cable, which had Horatio onon life. Mary never really liked Wash- all questions put to him to the satis-tiptoe awaiting the expected exchangeington, but Horatio was quite content. faction of the examining board. After-of messages between Queen Elizabeth The work proved challenging, and the ward, he returned to his quarters toand President Buchanan. children had adjusted well to their await the result, which came the next Taft finished the year apart fromnew surroundings. Taft had to with- day in the form of an announcementhis family, making only a brief visitdraw Julia from Elmira Seminary, but in the Washington Star. Judge Horatiohome in late October to replenish she was able to enroll in a fashionable Nelson Taft had been added to the listMary's supply of firewood and check French school near the White House of patent examiners in the U.S. Patenton things generally. But he was alsogrounds. His three boys were tutored Office. Horatio reported to the Patentconcerned about the November elec- at home. All in all, life looked good Office early the following morningtions, which, as he probably foresaw,for the Taft family. Horatio's annual and was given the oath of office andbrought defeat to Democrats acrosssalary of $1,600 did not allow many assigned to the Class of Civil Engineer-the state of New York. Black Repub-luxuries, but carefully managed, it was ing, Fire Arms, etc. licanism now reigned supreme, andadequate. And then the war came. In the months that followed, Hora-according to Taft, it was just as well. The diary begins on Jan. 1, 1861, tio Taft worked hard at his job. Applica- Horatio was back at his desk in theand ends May 30, 1865. Entries are tions for patents seemed to pour intoPatent Office by Nov. 10, more confi-daily through Dec. 31, 1863. Begin- the office. An almost constant flowdent than ever in his ability to judgening in 1864, the entries are irregular. of visitors proved distracting, but hepatent applications. Soon he was pass-Taft began to synopsize events that quickly mastered the routine, and hising or rejecting cases as he thoughtoccurred over several days or even colleagues, whom he described as gen-proper, although he still liked to con-weeks. But the effect is no less fasci- tlemen and scholars, mostly treatedsult Dr. Henry King, with whom henating. In some ways it is even more him kindly. In his spare time, Taftshared an office. This growing sense ofinformative, for the resultant essays, took in the sights of Washington andsecurity caused him to think seriouslyhowever abbreviated, provided Hora- Georgetown. He especially enjoyed the of moving his family to Washington,tio greater freedom of expression. Smithsonian Museum, Corcoran's newand sometime after the first of the year There is also a noticeable change art gallery, the Capitol building, whichhe rented a house at 15th and L streets continued on page 45

FEBRUARY 2002 37 BEST COPY ;AVAILAWLE 39 Rebecca D'Angelo On Sept. 8, Librarian of Congress James Billington and first lady Laura Bush opened the first National Book Festival on the grounds of the Capitol and the Library of Congress. The Year in Review Book Festival, Increased Security Concerns By AUDREY FISCHER ital Reference Service and adminis-National Book Festival Following on the heels of its Bicenten-tered the Open World Russian Leader- The first National Book Festival was nial celebration in 2000, the Libraryship Program that has brought nearlyheld on Sept. 8, 2001, on the east lawn marked several milestones in 2001,4,000 emerging political leaders fromof the U.S. Capitol and in the Thomas including the centennial of the Catalog- the Russian Federation to America toJefferson and James Madison buildings ing Distribution Service, the 70th anni-observe the workings of democraticof the Library of Congress. Hosted by versary of the National Library Service institutions. first lady Laura Bush and sponsored by for the Blind and Physically Handi- The Library also continued to sharethe Library of Congress with generous capped, the 30th anniversary of theits vast resources locally as well assupport from AT&T, the James Madi- Cataloging in Publication program andglobally through its award-winningson Council, The Washington Post and the first National Book Festival. Web site (www.loc.gov). At year's end,other contributors, the festival drew a During the year, the Library contin- the site contained more than 7.5 mil- crowd of approximately 30,000 people ued to implement a new Integratedlion American historical items for chil-to the Library for readings, book-sign- Library System, participated in andren and families, as well as scholarsings, music and storytelling. The festi- effort to develop a Collaborative Dig-and researchers. Through a collabor-val began with a special program in the ative digitization effortLibrary's Coolidge Auditorium on the known as Internationalevening of Sept. 7 that included read- Horizons, the Library has ings by David McCullough, John Hope addedmaterialsthatFranklin, Gail Godwin, J. California highlight the multicul- Cooper, Larry L. King and Tom Brokaw. tural influences that have The evening was attended by President shaped the nation. Theand Mrs. Bush. Sixty nationally known Library is also workingauthors and illustrators participated in in partnership with otherthe daylong event on Sept. 8, along organizations to developwith representatives from the National a National Digital Infor-Basketball Association as part of their mation and Infrastruc-"Read to Achieve" national reading ture Preservation Pro-campaign. Highlights of the evening Rebecca D Angelo gram to sort, acquire,program and the Book Festival were Mrs. Bush with three of the younger participantsdescribe and preservebroadcast live on C-SPAN. in the National Book Festival electronic materials.

38 40 INFORMATION BULLETIN Response to Tragedy Congress turned increasingly to theoffices, worked with member and com- The Sept. 11 terrorist attacks had aonline Legislative Information Systemmittee offices on current issues of leg- profound effect on the Library as it bal-(LS), as evidenced by a 15 percentislative concern such as e-government, anced its mission to serve Congressincrease in system usage from lastdigital storage and preservation and and the nation with the need to secureyear's level. During the year, the LISdocumenting the history of the nation's its staff, visitors, buildings and the col- was redesigned to provide easier accessveterans, local community celebrations lectionsall in close proximity to theand a format that can be expanded toand milestones, and the institution of U.S. Capitol. The Library requestedmeet Congress's need for informationCongress itself. from Congress an emergency supple- on a wide range of legislative issues. mental appropriation of $2.5 millionSafeguards were installed to ensureSecurity to pay for emergency communications continuous system availability. Securing the Library's staff mem- systems, including construction of an The Law Library kept members ofbers, visitors, collections, facilities and Emergency Management Center, andCongress and their staffs informedcomputer resources continued to be a money for additional Library of Con-on developments around the worldmajor priority and promises to remain gress Police overtime. through the monthly World Law Bulle- so in the wake of the Sept. 11 attacks. While focusing on important secu- tin and the Foreign Law Briefs, a research During the year, the Library made rity measures, the Library simultane-series prepared exclusively for Con-progress in implementing its security ously responded to the tragedy bygress. The Law Library staff answeredenhancement plan, a multiyear pro- providing Congress with timely infor-more than 2,000 in-person referencegram of security upgrades for the mation on terrorism and related sub-requests from congressional users andLibrary's physical security. Under one jects such as immigration policy, andproduced 413 written reports for Con-of the three major components of the by documenting the events of Sept. 11 gress, including comprehensive multi-plan, the Library will consolidate its and the nation's response. For exam-national studies of the laws of individ-two police communications centers in ple, the Serial and Government Publi-ual nations and regional organizationsthe Madison and Jefferson buildings cations Division began to build a col-such as the European Union. into one state-of-the-art communica- lection of thousands of U.S. and foreign During the year, progress was made tions center in the Jefferson Building. newspapers containing reports andon the Global Legal Information Net-Under the second major component of photographs of the tragedy and itswork (GLIN), an online parliament-the plan, the Library will expand entry aftermath. In addition, the Libraryto-parliament cooperative exchange ofand perimeter security to include addi- launched a Sept. 11 Web Archive inlaws and legal materials from some 46tional X-ray machines and detection collaboration with Internet Archives,countries. The Law Library continued to equipment, security upgrades of build- webArchivist.org and the Pew Internetwork in partnership with various insti-ing entrances, exterior monitoring cam- and American Life Project. The Amer- tutions to expand and enhance GLIN.eras and lighting, and garage and park- ican Folk life Center also sponsored aAn agreement was reached with theing lot safeguards. The third major documentary project that encouraged National Aeronautics and Space Admin-component of the plan was completed folklorists across the nation to recordistration to develop an offsite back-upwith the hiring and training of 46 new on audiotape the national response tofacility for GLIN at NASA's Goddardpolice officers and five police adminis- these tragic events. Space Flight Center in Maryland. trative personnel. This increase brought The Library reached out to those The CopyrightOfficeprovidedthe number of authorized police posi- directly affected by these events by trans- policy advice and technical assistancetions to 168, the largest police force in ferring 183 pieces of furniture valuedto Congress on important copyrightthe Library's history. at $59,900 to New York City throughlaws and related issues such as the The Library also continued to review an agreement with the Maryland StateDigital Millennium Copyright Act its backup and recovery procedures for Agency for Surplus Property to assist(DMCA). In August 2001, the Registerits computer systems and determined agencies recovering from the attacks.of Copyrights delivered to Congress that remote storage was needed. In the The Law Library also provided workthe report required under section 104aftermath of Sept. 11, a temporary mea- space and facilities for a member of theof the DMCA. The report evaluated the sure was put in place to house a Pentagon's library staff who was dis-impact of advances in electronic com-complete set of backup tapes at a placed by the attack on that building. merce and associated technologies, asremote location in Virginia to safe- well as the amendments to Title 17guard the Library's digital collections Legislative Support to Congress made in the DMCA, on sections 109 and while working toward procurement of Serving Congress is the Library's117 of the Copyright Act. The Copy-commercial storage services. highest priority. During the year, theright office also responded to numerous Congressional Research Service (CRS)congressional inquiries about domes-Digital Projects and Planning delivered more than 711,000 searchtic and international copyright law and Strategic Planning. The Librarian of responses to members and committeesregistration and recordation of worksCongress established the position of of Congress. CRS developed electronicof authorship. associate librarian for Strategic Initia- briefing books on Agriculture and the In addition to assisting members oftives (ALSI) in 2000 to develop a full Farm Bill and Welfare Reform. CRS alsoCongress and their staff in making userange of digital policies and operations issued a redesigned, expanded elec-of the Library's collections, servicesfor acquiring, describing and preserv- tronic briefing book on terrorism fol-and facilities, the Congressional Rela-ing content created and distributed in lowing the Sept. 11 attacks. tions Office, along with other Libraryelectronic form. In 2001 the primary

FEBRUARY 2002 39 41 0

The Year 4 * * In Review more than 860,000 digital items. UseCollections of the American Memory collections During the year, the size of the increased by 50 percentfrom an aver-Library's collections grew to more age of 19 million monthly transactionsthan 124 million items, an increase of during fiscal 2000 to 28.5 million permore than 3 million over the previ- month during fiscal 2001. ous year. This figure includes 28.2 mil- America's Library. Work continuedlion books and other print materials, to expand the content and interactive55 million manuscripts, 13.3 million features available in America's Library,microforms, 4.9 million maps, 5 mil- an interactive Web site for children andlion items in the music collection and The families that draws upon the Library's13.5 million visual materials (pho- American vast online resources. New featurestographs, posters, moving images, Revolution added in 2001 included an expandedprints and drawings). and Its Era Explore the States section, new educa- Integrated Library System (ILS). Maps and Charts of tional games and a jukebox of historicThe Library implemented all phases Noith America and the West Indies songs. America's Library logged moreof its first integrated library system for 7504789 than 135 million transactions duringlibrary functions such as circulation, the year, an average of more than 11acquisitions and serials check-in, and Two collections from the growingmillion a month. to provide an online public access "American Memory" Web site Thomas. The public legislativecatalog. The Library also continued informationsystemknown asits conversion into the ILS of the focus of the newly appointed associateThomas continued to be a popular900,000-title Serial Record Division librarian was planning for Congress'sresource, with more than 10 millionserials holdings manual check-in file fiscal 2001 appropriation of $99.8 mil-transactions logged on average eachthat contributes to the Library's inven- lion to develop and implement a con-month. Public e-mail queries receivedtory control and materials security ini- gressionally approved strategic planabout the system and its contentstiatives. In addition, the Library used for a National Digital Information andwere generally answered on the samethe new system to support its business Infrastructure Preservation Program.day as receipt. A new Thomas Webprocess improvements. During the year, the Strategic Initia-site design was implemented at the Arrearage Reduction/Cataloging. At tives initiated a two-tier strategy tostart of the 107th Congress. Duringyear's end, the total arrearage (unpro- develop this national program thatthe year, the system incorporated leg-cessed materials) stood at 21,142,980 focuses on the Library's infrastructureislative information received directlyitems, a decrease of 53 percent from and policies as well as addresses thefrom the House, Senate, Governmentthe 39.7 million-item arrearage at the need for the Library to collaboratePrinting Office and Congressionaltime of the initial census in September with the public and private sectors. OnResearch Service into a new set of1989. Staff created cataloging records May 1, Strategic Initiatives convenedinformation files that were updatedfor 270,801 print volumes and inven- the National Digital Strategy Advi-several times a day. tory records for an additional 67,837 sory Board to advise the Library of International Horizons. As a con-items. With the Library serving as Congress on national strategies for the tinuation of the pioneering Americanthe secretariat for the international long-term preservation of digital mate-Memory project, the Librarian of Con-Program for Cooperative Cataloging, rials, to promote collaboration amonggress initiated International Horizons,approximately 350 PCC member insti- diverse stakeholder communities anda project dedicated to fostering inter-tutions created 143,031 new name to assist in developing a national fund-national collaboration for joint digitiza-authorities, 9,410 series authorities, raising strategy. tion efforts. At year's end, the project2,603 subject authorities, 2,043 Library InternetResources. The Library con- included "Meeting of Frontiers," a bilin-of Congress Classification proposals, tinued to expand its electronic servicesgual Russian-English Web site showcas- 14,445 bibliographic records for seri- to Congress and the nation throughing materials from the Library of Con-als and 73,115 bibliographic records for its award-winning Web site. Duringgress and partner libraries in Russia andmonographs. The Library worked with the year, 1.4 billion transactions wereAlaska, and "Spain, the United Statesthe bibliographic utilities and libraries recorded on all of the Library's publicand the American Frontier: Historiaswith large East Asian collections to electronicsystems.TheaverageParalelas," a bilingual Spanish-Englishreplace the outmoded Wade-Giles numberofmonthlytransactionsWeb site initially including the Librarysystem for romanization of Chinese increased by 31 percent. The followingof Congress, the National Library ofcharacters with the more modern are selected resources available on theSpain and the Biblioteca Colombina ypinyin system. After a three-year plan- Library's Web site. Capitular of Seville. ning effort, the Library began pinyin American Memory. At year's end, Online Exhibitions. Six new Libraryconversion on Oct. 1, 2001 and com- 7.5 million American historical itemsexhibitions were added to the Library'spleted the project in May 2001. were available. During the year, 12 newWeb site in 2001, bringing the total to Secondary Storage. Linked to the multimedia historical collections were34. This feature allows users who areLibrary's arrearage reduction effort is added to the American Memory Webunable to visit the Library in person tothe development of secondary storage site, bringing the total to 102. Ten exist-view many of its past and current exhi-sites to house processed materials and ing collections were expanded withbitions online. to provide for growth of the collection

40 INFORMATION BULLETIN 42 0 The Year In Review S through the first part of the 21st century. The architectural team led by Hal Davis of the Smith Group continued to work on the design of the National Audio-Visual Conservation Center at Culpeper, Va., on behalf of the Library and the Architect of the Capitol (AOC), with funding from the Packard Human- ities Institute, the owners of the facility. During the year, the institute entered into an additional contract with BAR Architects to team with the Smith- Group. By year's end, schematic drawings for a new building and the refurbished existing building were nearing finalization. Scheduled to open in June 2004, the facility will house the Library's audiovisual materials. The Library also continued to work closelyThe 1507 map of the world by Martin Waldseemiiller, the first to refer with the AOC and its contractors in its to the New World as "America," was one of the Library's important plans to construct a storage facility at acquisitions last year. Fort Meade, Md. Important New Acquisitions. The Reference Service establishing new methods for predict- Library receives millions of items each In addition to serving Congress, theing the life expectancies of organic year from copyright deposits, fromLibrary of Congress provides refer-materials; (3) successfully integrating federal agencies and from purchases,ence service to the public in its 21its labeling and binding preparation exchanges and gifts. Notable acquisi-reading rooms, over the telephone,processing into nonpreservation divi- tions during the year included one ofby e-mail and through written corre-sions; (4) deacidifying 103,522 books the great treasures of American andspondence and its Web site. Duringand the awarding of a five-year con- world history, the 1507 map of the world the year, the Library's staff handledtract that will enable the Library to treat by Martin Waldseemilller, the first tomore than 500,000 reference requests1 million books and 5 million sheets refer to the New World as "America."that were received on site, as well as anof unbound materials such as manu- Other major acquisitions included newadditional 300,000 requests receivedscripts; (5) increasing public access to additions in the Jefferson Library Proj- through telephone and written cor-Overseas Operations-produced micro- ect to reconstruct the collection in therespondence. More than 1.5 million film through the acquisition of 2,086 pos- original catalog of Thomas Jefferson'sitems were circulated for use withinitive service copies from the Library's library; a collection of 413 Lontar manu- the Library. New Delhi Office and creation of master scripts in the traditional Balinese script Collaborative Digital Referencenegative microfilm at a cost of $19 per on palm leaves; three 15th centuryService (CDRS). Progress was madereel (a cost reduction of $30 per reel); (6) books, including an edition of Ovidin 2001 on the Collaborative Digital restructuring the Photoduplication Ser- published by Fasti in Venice in 1482;Reference Service, a project to pro- vice to meet business requirements and a first edition of Charles Dickens's Avide professional reference serviceintroducing a scan-on-demand service Christmas Carol; and 19 rare Persianto researchers anytime, anywhere, as an adjunct to analog services; and (7) manuscripts, including Shams al-Nadar,through an international, digital net- delivering 18,000 bibliographic records the first periodical printed in Afghan-work of libraries and related institu-describing foreign newspapers to the istan (1873). Significant new manu-tions. The service uses new technol-Center for Research Libraries' data- script acquisitions include the papers ofogies to provide the best answers inbase for the International Coalition on Martin Agronsky, radio and TV jour-the best context by taking advantageNewspapers International Union List nalist; Clark Clifford, Harry Truman'snot only of the millions of Internet of Newspapers. secretary of defense and Democraticresources but also of the many more The Library continued its commit- Party elder statesman; Stuart Eizenstat,millions of resources that are notment to preserving the nation's film Jimmy Carter's chief of staff; Lynn Mar- online and that are held by libraries.heritage.Twenty-fivefilmswere gulis, a biologist; Jackie Robinson, theDuring the year, this"library tonamed to the National Film Registry great baseball player and businessman;library" network grew to 185 partici- in 2001, bringing the total to 325. The Vera Rubin, an astronomer; and Mal-pating institutions. Library of Congress works to ensure colm Toon, U.S. ambassador to the that the films listed on the registry are Soviet Union. Major additions to thesePreservation Improvements preserved either through the Library's manuscript collections were received: The Library took action to preservemotion picture preservation program Harry Blackmun; Robert Bork; Ruthits collections by (1) providing 30,000at Dayton, Ohio, or through collab- Bader Ginsburg; Sol Linowitz; Danielhours of preventive and remedial con-orative ventures with other archives, Patrick Moynihan; Paul Nitze; Eliotservation services for items and col-motion picture studios and indepen- Richardson; and Philip Roth. lections in the custodial divisions; (2)dent filmmakers.

FEBRUARY 2002 41 43 The Year A p 5 Copyright Office icy nian Institution. Known as "Save Our The Copyright,F7 Sounds," the program seeks to preserve Office received a priceless heritage of sound recordings 590,091 claims to housed at the two institutions. During copyright and -.'$% the year, the American Folklife Center made 601,659 reg- received a grant of $40,000 from Michael istrations in fiscal oF c Greene, president and CEO of the 2001, including some Recording Academy, to support audio submitted in fiscal 2000. The officeand video preservation. responded to nearly 340,000 requests The American Folklife Center also from the public for copyright infor-continued to participate in the Veter- mation. The Library's collections andans History Project, which was estab- exchange programs received 728,034lished by Congress last year to record copies of works from the Copyrightand preserve the first-person accounts Office, including 277,752 items receivedof those who defended America during from publishers under the mandatorywartime. A projectdirector was deposit provisions of the copyright law. appointed in May. In November, AARP became the project's founding private I National Library Service for the sector sponsor. A Five-Star CouncilDr. Billington and Madison Council Blind and Physically consisting of prominent leaders (vet-Chairman John Kluge discuss the Handicapped erans, elected officials, historians andnew Kluge Center and Prize. Established by an act of Congress injournalists) will provide leadership 1931, the National Library Service for and counsel for the project. ican Folklife Center), "Telling America's the Blind and Physically Handicapped During a two-day program titledStories," with Laura Bush serving as (NLS) has grown to a program that"Living the Lore: The Legacy of Benja- honorary chair. A variation of the theme, supplies more than 23.5 million braille min A. Botkin," the American Folklife"Celebrating America's Stories," was a and recorded discs to approximatelyCenter celebrated the 100th anniver-secondary theme of the festival. 695,000 readers through a network ofsary of the birth of Botkin, who headed 140 cooperating libraries around thethe Archive of Folk Song from 1941The John W. Kluge Center country. Throughout its 70-year his-to 1944. The program included perfor- The John W. Kluge Center was estab- tory, NLS has continued to harnessmances by Pete Seeger and Cherish thelished in the fall of 2000 with a gift of new technologiesfrom analog to dig-Ladies, a traditional Irish band. $60 million from John W. Kluge, Metro- italto better serve its growing con- media president and founding chair- stituency. During the year, NLS made Center for the Book BOOKS man of the James Madison Council, the substantial progress in its goal of devel- The Center for the GIVE US Library's private sector advisory group. oping a Digital Talking Book to replace Book, with its network WINGS Under the Library's director for Schol- obsolete analog playback equipment.of affiliated centers in arly Programs, the center's goal is to At year's end, more than 1,600 users42 states and the Dis- bring the best thinkers into residence at were registered for the new Internet ser-trict of Columbia and the Library, where they can make wide- AZiTHE CENTER FOR THE BOOK vice known as Web-Braille that allowsmore than 90 organiza- ranging use of the institution's unparal- access to more than 3,800 digital braille tions serving as national LIBRARY OF CONGRESS leled resources to promote scholarship. book files. A link to the NLS Interna- reading promotion partners, continuedDuring the year since its founding, a tional Union Catalog allows users toto stimulate public interest in books,Scholars Council was established and access Web-Braille materials by author,reading, libraries and literacy and toconvened for its first meeting in October title, subject, language, keyword andencourage the study of books and the2001. As the center's first Distinguished other search parameters. More thanprinted word. Alabama and West Vir-Visiting Scholar, historian John Hope 250 music items (music scores and ginia were added to the center's nationalFranklin came to the Library to work books about music) were added tonetwork in 2001, and at year's endon his autobiography. Jaroslav Pelikan Web-Braille during the year. the center announced that state centerswas appointed the first Kluge Chair in would be established in New JerseyCountries and Cultures of the North. American Folklife vulg./4, and Hawaii in 2002. The center madeSylvia Albro, a paper conservator in the Center c,t' major contributions to the success ofLibrary's Conservation Division, was The American the National Book Festival by enlistingawarded the first Kluge Staff Fellow- Folklife Center con-`` some 60 nationally known authors asship, for research into Italian paper- tinued its mandate festival participants as well as workingmaking. In association with the Kluge to "preserve and t/.6, with its national reading promotionCenter, Aaron Friedberg was appointed present American 11RY of partners to organize "Great Ideas forthe first Kissinger Chair in Foreign folklife" through a Promoting Reading," the largest pavil-Policy and International Relations. The number of outreach programs, includ- ion at the National Book Festival. Duringcenter also hosted two visiting Interna- ingthe White House Millenniumthe year, the center launched a newtional Research Exchange Program Fel- Council's "Save America's Treasures" three-year national reading promotionlows from Russia. With funding from program, in concert with the Smithso- campaign (co-sponsored with the Amer-the Mellon and Luce foundations, seven . 42 44 INFORMATION BULLETIN * $c? The Year zIn Review

Subjects of Library exhibitions in the past year (clockwise from top left) included Japanese Ukiyo-e art, illustrations by Elizabeth Shippen Green, photographs by Sergei Prokudin-Gorskii and "World Treasures," such as these pagoda charms, ca. 765. U.S. postdoctoral scholars were selecteddrew on its extraordinary international through the new Library of Congresscollections. Most significant, "World International Studies Fellowships pro-Treasures of the Library of Congress" gram (in cooperation with the Ameri- opened on June 7 in the Northwest Pavil- can Council of Learned Societies and the ion exhibition gallery of the Thomas Jef- Association of American Universities). ferson Building. This continuing exhi- Competitions were held for the award-bition is a companion to the "American ing of 12 Kluge Fellowships, two to fourTreasures of the Library of Congress" Rockefeller Foundation-funded fellow-exhibition and presents top treasures ships in Islamic studies and a secondfrom the Library's international collec- year of fellowships under the Library's tions. "The Empire That Was Russia: The International Fellows program. Prokudin-Gorskii Photographic Record Recreated" (April 17, 2001, through Center for Russian Leadership August 2001) featured unique color Development images of Russia on the eve of the revo- The Open World Russian Leadership lution (1909-1915). "The Floating World Program continued to bring emergingof Ukiyo-e: Shadows, Dreams and Sub- leaders from the Russian Federation stance" (Sept. 27, 2001, through Feb. 9, to observe the workings of democratic2002) presented 100 rare and important institutions. Since the program's incep- woodcuts, drawings and books from tion in 1999, nearly 4,000 Russian visi- the Library's extensive collection of Jap- tors have been hosted by 716 commu- anese art and literature. "A Petal from nities in 48 U.S. states and the Districtthe Rose: Illustrations by Elizabeth Ship- of Columbia. The Library's fiscal 2001 pen Green," (June 28 through Sept. 29, budget appropriation included third-2001) was displayed in the Swann Gal- year funding for the program as well as lery of Caricature and Cartoon. Finally, authorized the creation of a Center for"Margaret Mead: Human Nature and Russian Leadership Development inthe Power of Culture" (Nov. 30, 2001, the Legislative Branchindependent through May 31, 2002) celebrates the life from the Libraryto implement theand work of the noted anthropologist exchange program in the future. on the 100th anniversary of her birth. In keeping with conservation and Sharing the Library's Treasures preservation standards, three rotational In addition to making many of itschanges were made in the "American unparalleled resources available on itsTreasures of the Library of Congress" award-winning Web site, the Library'sexhibition and two were made to the collections were shared with hundreds of "Bob Hope Gallery of American Enter- thousands of national and internationaltainment." Three major Library of Con- audiences through onsite and travelinggress exhibitions, which toured nation- exhibitions, special events and sympo-ally and internationally during the sia, major publications and tours. year, included "The Work of Charles The Library presented five new exhi-and Ray Eames: A Legacy of Inven- bitions in 2001, including three thattion," "Sigmund Freud: Conflict and 45 FEBRUARY 2002 43 excellence awards from the Americangift and trust funds were established. Association for Museums. The cumu-At year's end, outstanding pledges lative index for 25 text volumes of Let-totaled $28 million. ters of Delegates to Congress, 1774-1789 Private gifts supported a variety of was awarded the H.W. Wilson Awardnew and continuing programs through- for excellence in indexing by the Amer-out the Library, including exhibitions, ican Society of Indexers and the H.W.acquisitions, symposia, a number of Wilson Co. programs concluding the Bicentennial With the help of volunteers through-celebration and the National Book Fes- out the year and contractors during the tival. The charter sponsors of the Book peak spring and summer months, theFestival were AT&T, the James Madi- Visitor Services Office conducted 4,205 son Council and WorkPlaceUSA. These tours for 105,988 visitors, including 557donorsalong with othersgave $1.4 tours for 10,947 congressional constitu- million to support the festival. ents from 399 Senate and House offices Other majorgiftsand pledges and 320 special-request tours, with anreceived during the fiscal year included attendance of 5,787, for members ofa combined total of $9.5 million toward Congress and their spouses, familiesthe purchase of an important Hebraic and friends. A total of 2,200 publiccollection from Lloyd E. Cotsen, John , :- tours attended by 63,379 visitors andW. Kluge, H. F. (Gerry) Lenfest, Ken- A review of the life and career681 scheduled group tours for 14,590 neth Lipper, Jack Nash, the Bernard and of anthropologist Margaret Meadvisitors, plus 447 new popular high-Audre Rapoport Foundation, James rounded out the Library's year inlight tours for 11,285 visitors with lim-Wolfensohn and Mortimer Zucker- exhibitions. ited time, introduced the Library ofman; $1 million from Raja Sidawi to Congress to the public. In additionestablish a program for Islamic Stud- Culture" and "Religion and the Found- to tours, the office also arranged 222ies at the Library of Congress; $1 mil- ing of the American Republic." Sixappointments for 2,028 visiting digni-lion from the Verna Fine estate that exhibitions were added to the Library'staries and professionals, an increase ofwill support modern American music Web site, bringing the total to 34 Library9.6 percent from the prior year. through activities related to the music exhibitions accessible on Internet. The Library continued to broadcastof Irving Fine and other American The Publishing Office produced 24events of wide national interest on itscomposers whose works are housed at books, calendars and other productsWeb site. Events that were cybercastthe Library; $1 million from the Duke illuminating the Library's collections induring the year included highlights ofFoundation for the Katherine Dunham 2001, many in cooperation with tradethe National Book Festival, a sympo-Project; an in-kind gift of 20,000 Coca- publishers. In collaboration with Harrysium honoring James Madison on theCola commercials valued at $1 million; N. Abrams, the Library published250th anniversary of his birth, and$650,000 from the Paul Rudolph estate The Floating World of Ukiyo-e: Shadows,the Globalization and Muslim Societies to establish and support programs and Dreams and Substance, a companion book Lecture Series. goals of the Center for American Archi- to the exhibition. In cooperation with tecture, Design and Engineering at the Congressional Quarterly, the LibraryFinancial Highlights Library; $500,000 from the Naomi & published Democracy and the Rule of Law, In March 2001, the Library's inde-Nehemiah Cohen Foundation to ben- a collection from the Bicentennial sym- pendent accountants, Clifton Gunder-efit the Hebraic section; $400,000 from posium held at the Library in March son LLC, issued an unqualified "clean" the Irving Caeser Lifetime Trust for a 2000. With support from the Madisonaudit opinion on the Library's fiscalcollaborative project with the Smith- Council, the Library continued its seriesyear 2000 Consolidated Financial State-sonian Institution called "Integrating of illustrated guides with the publica-ments. In addition to issuing the fifthMeaningful Musical Experiences into tion of a three-volume set covering theconsecutive "clean" audit opinion, thethe Lives of Young People;" $390,000 Africana, Hebraic and Near East collec- auditors found that the Library's finan-for the Mariinsky Theatre Project from tions. At year's end, the Library pub-cial statements were presented fairly inthe Prince Charitable Trust, the John lished American Women: A Library ofall material respects. W. Wilson Fund and other donors; and Congress Guide for the Study of Women's $315,000 from Merrill Lynch and the History and Culture in the United States,Gift and Trust Funds United States-Japan Foundation for an a resource guide distributed by Univer- During fiscal year 2001, the Library's exhibition titled "The Floating World sity Press of New England. fund-raising activities brought in a totalof Ukiyo-e: Shadows, Dreams and Sub- The Library of Congress: An Architec-of $21 million, representing 981 gifts tostance," showcasing the Library's spec- tural Alphabet garnered the "Best in85 different Library funds. These giftstacular Japanese holdings of prints, Show" award at the 16th Annual Wash-included $7 million in cash gifts, $12.9books and drawings from the 17th to ington Book Publishers Design Effec-million in new pledges and $1.1 million the 19th centuries. tiveness Competition. The Library'sin in-kind gifts. There were 367 first- new visitor guidebook, The Nation'stime donors, including corporations,Ms. Fischer is a public affairs specialist Library: The Library of Congress, Wash- foundations, individuals and associa-in the Public Affairs Office. Portions of ington, DC, and the Charles and Raytions with whom the Library forged this article were excerpted from other Eames 2001 Desk Diary received designnew partnerships. Twenty-eight newstaff reports.

44 INFORMATION BULLETIN 46 s Security appropriation is $415,000 to pre-"rescubes" used to transport water- continued from page 31 pare for collections recovery from adamaged materials from the disas- large-scale disaster. Of this, $300,000ter site to the flash freezers, and Preservation Director Mark Roosawill be spent for three "flash freez-additional "Reactpacks" and emer- is in the process of determining theers" that will instantly freeze water-gency response kits that staff use to long-range effects of irradiation onlogged materials at 40 degrees belowprotect the collections from water digital media. zero to prevent mildewthe great-damage and themselves from con- est threat to water-damaged materi-tamination. Collections Preservation als. Each freezer holds 500 cubic feet Disaster Recovery of materials. Ms. Fineberg is the editor of The Gazette, Included inthe supplemental This money also will buy plastic the Library's staff newsletter.

Islam at the Schomberg Center for Research The last speaker was Amir al-Islam, continued from page 35 on Black Culture and an award-win-executive director of the Center for Pro- ning author of Servants of Allah: African fessional Education at Medgar Evers Col- Chair of Islamic Studies at AmericanMuslims Enslaved in the Americas, dis- lege of the City University of New York, University, who had also been Pak-cussed the backgrounds of slaves who where he also teaches African American istan's High Commissioner to thewere brought to America between 1560 history and world civilization courses. United Kingdom. His presentation onand 1860. At least 100,000 were Mus- He described himself as an "activist- "A New Andalusia? Muslims in Amer- lims, political and religious leaders inscholar" working with the Muslim Afri- ica After Sept. 11" tried to addresstheir communities, as well as traders,can-American community. He spoke how people of different faiths will livestudents, Koranic teachers, judges and, on "Contemporary African-American together in the aftermath of Sept. 11.in many cases, more educated thanIslam." He said that between 1900 and He chose Andalusia as an example oftheir American masters. As slaves, they 1960 there was a proto-Islamic move- a time more than a thousand years agowere prohibited from reading and writ-ment that appropriated certain theolog- when Muslims, Christians and Jewsing and had no ink or paper. Insteadical texts to oppose racism and oppres- lived and thrived together in Andalu-they used wood tablets and organic sion. Later, some of those groups became sian Spain. Mr. Ahmed said he believedplant juices or stones to write with. radicalized, and a number of movements that there is now a great opportunitySome wrote, in Arabic, verses of the such as Nation of Islam emerged. Today for members of all faiths in the UnitedKoran they knew by heart, so as notAfrican-American Muslims are trying to States to begin a new dialogue of coop-to forget how to write. Arabic wascreate a more open and pluralistic soci- eration. The "dialogue of civilization isalso used by slaves to plot revolts ety that embraces and celebrates its dif- the greatest challenge we face today,"in Guyana, Rio de Janeiro and Santoferences and in which interfaith dialogue and it is taking place in a land "whereDomingo because the language was plays an important role. people are respected for who they are" not understood by slave owners. Man- and not discriminated against for theiruscripts in Arabic of maps and blue- Ms. Deeb is an Arab-world area specialist beliefs, he said. prints for revolts were found here as in the African and Middle Eastern Sylviane A. Diouf, a research scholar well as in Jamaica and Trinidad. Division.

Taft grown up in a seafaring family andit should be noted that many "stray" continued from page 37 felt quite at home in the quiet isolationmarks have been largely ignored. They of eastern Long Island. But the chil-are treated as pen rests. A limited in the tone of the diary following thedren suffered, especially Julia. amount of punctuation and capitaliza- tragic and untimely death of Willie Perhaps the most remarkable thingtion has been introduced, chiefly for Lincoln. In her grief, Mary Toddabout the diary of Horatio Taft is theclarificationHoratio's remarks often decided that she wanted nothing fur-vivid record it provides of life in Wash- form a series of unpunctuated phrases ther to do with the Taft children.ington during the most traumatic period and at the beginning of new sentences. Immature and highly impressionable,of our history as a nation. It was a timeInconsistent capitalization within sen- Tad began to emulate his mother'sof rapid growth and change. Especiallytences and misspellings have been left least desirable traits, which included significant is the account of the assassi-largely in the style of the diarist. Missing throwing himself on the floor andnation of Abraham Lincoln, which mayquotations have been supplied and con- screaming when Bud and Holly constitute the only new information onfusing abbreviations expanded. Many appeared. Hurt and angry, and notthat tragic event to come to light in thepersonal names in the diary appear knowing exactly what to do, Horatiopast 50 years. Dr. Charles Sabin Taft,with variant spellings, all of which will finally sent his wife and children toHoratio's son by his first wife, was inbe properly treated in the published ver- Sag Harbor on Long Island to liveFord's Theatre the night Lincoln wassion of the diary, which is being spon- with Mary's parents. For the remain-shot. Charles was the physician liftedsored by the Lincoln Studies Center at der of his employment with the gov- from the floor of the theater to attend theKnox College in Galesburg, Ill. ernment, he lived in a series of board-president, and he remained at Lincoln's ing houses, visiting New York everyside until he died. Mr. Sellers is a historical specialist on three or four months. For Mary, the For those who wish to compare the the Civil War and Reconstruction in the move was almost a relief. She had manuscript diary with the transcription, Manuscript Division.

FEBRUARY 2002 45 47 It 0

1' C. CFB at25 S News from the Center for the Book

HE CENT ER f OR IEEE I#X#E LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Reading Promotion Themes and Projects

The Center for the Book will be 25 years old in October 2002. This is the fourth in a series of articles that summarizes its activities during its first quarter century. Themes of National Reading Promotion Campaigns, 1987-2003 P reading is the heart of the Center for the Book's mission. 1 When Congress established the center in October 1977, Librarian of 1987: Year of the Reader Congress Daniel J. Boorstin emphasized the new office's dual aim of 1989: Year of the Young Reader promoting books in a multimedia age and of seeing that "books do not 1991: Year of the Lifetime Reader go unread." In 1987 the Center for the Book launched its first national 1992: Explore New WorldsREAD! reading promotion campaign, "The Year of the Reader." From 1989 to 1993-1994: Books Change Lives 1992, first lady Barbara Bush was honorary chair of three campaigns. 1995-1996: Shape Your FutureREAD! First lady Laura Bush is honorary chair of "Telling America's Stories," 1997-2000: Building a Nation of Readers the campaign for 2001-2003. Supplemented by promotional materials, 2001-2003: Telling America's Stories each campaign encourages the exchange of ideas about promoting read- ingat the local, state, regional, national and international levels. The center launched its "national reading promotion partners" program in 1987. Today the program includes more than 90 educational, civic and governmental organizations. The annual reading promotion partners' meeting, held this year at the Library on March 18, gives each organization an opportunity to promote its projects and enlist new cooperative partners. Reading promotion partners and state center affiliates initiate and carry out dozens of projects tailored to their own particular interests and situations. State book festivals, book awards and literary maps are especially popular events. Two projects supported by the national center are Letters About Literature (1984- ), a popular annual essay contest that asks students to write to their favorite authors explaining why that author's book made a difference in their lives, and River of Words (1995- ), an international environmental poetry and art contest for young people designed to increase awareness of the environment and natural world. The reading promotion projects of the national Center for the Book and its organizational partners and state affiliates are described on the center's Web site: www.loc.gov/cfbook.

"Telling America's Stories" Is Book and Reading Eighth National Reading Promotion Highlights Promotion Campaign Oct. 20, 1977.Two weeks after Responding to an invitation fromits establishment by Congress, the Dr. Billington in early 2001, first ladyCenter for the Book hosts an all-day Laura Bush agreed to be Honorarymeeting to discuss various ways that Chair of "Telling America's Stories," the new center might use the prestige the Library's eighth national readingand resources of the Library of Con- promotion campaign. The Center forgress to stimulate public interest in the Book and the American Folklifebooks and reading. In addition to spe- Center are cosponsors of the three-yearcialists from the Library of Congress, endeavor, which draws on storytellingthe 20 participants included authors, and oral traditions to encourage appre-scholars and publishers and many ciation of books, reading, libraries andmembers of the center's first National other repositories of America's culturalAdvisory Board. heritage. Posters and brochures outlin- Nov. 14, 1979.The Library of ing how individuals, families, organi-Congress-CBS Television "Read More zations, businesses, schools and librar-About It" book project begins with the ies can participate in the campaign areCBS telecast of "All Quiet on the available from the Center for the BookWestern Front." Richard Thomas, the at (202) 707-5221, fax (202) 707-0269,program's star, presents a 30-second e-mail: [email protected]. message from the Library, suggesting the pleasure, Litiddgemternentof books

and television ReadCBS/Library mile or Congruss abeut Book Pro)ect

46 4 INFORMATION BULLETIN A popular "Year of the Young Reader" poster (clockwise from top left); President Ronald Reagan signs the "Year of theYoung Reader" proclamation Dec. 5, 1988; Center for the Book Director John Cole (left) and Squire Rushnell, vice president of ABC Children's Television, launch Cap'n O.G. Readmore, April 27, 1983; first lady Barbara Bush hosts Dr. Billington and John Cole at the White House, Jan. 30, 1989; the center's first reading promotion idea booklet, published in 1987, describes more than 50 projects aimed at adults and young people alike. several books that viewers could find in their local libraries and bookstore to "read more about" World War I. By the time the project ends in 1999, more than 400 separate messages from the Library have been presented by CBS stars on prime-time television programs, including dramas, news programs, musical and variety shows, made-for-television movies, and sports and children's programs. May 19, 1983.The Center for the Book hosts a national "Radio and Reading" conference to find new ways of linking radio, the spoken word, reading and books. Sept. 1983.ABC Children's Television and the Center for the Book launch a new reading promotion project, "Cap'n O.G. Readmore," an animated cat who is smart because he reads a lotand lives game between the Washing- in an alley behind a public library. ton Redskins and the Buffalo 1987.The Center for the Book pub-Bills is seen by more than lishes a 14-page pamphlet, National70 million football fansa Themes for Promoting Reading. record number of viewers. Dec. 5, 1988.In the White House's Sept.10, 1996.The third Oval Office, President Ronald Reagananniversary of the "Great signs a Proclamation for the "Year ofBooks" television series, the Young Reader," the Library's readingdeveloped by The Learning promotion theme for 1989. Channel at Discovery Communications Inc. in cooperation with the Center for Jan. 30, 1989.At the White House,the Book, is marked with a program and reception in the Library's Great Hall. first lady Barbara Bush agrees to serve asCelebrity readers include Walter Cronkite, Joseph Heller, Zoe Caldwell, Sen. honorary chair of the "Year of the YoungTrent Lott and Associate Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg. Reader" campaign. June 27,1998.Theo and Cleo, the stars of the new public television reading Jan. 26, 1992.The "Read More Aboutand literacy promotion program "Between the Lions," debut at a reception It" message presented by CBS announcerat the Library of Congress. The Center for the Book is one of the program's Terry Bradshaw during the Super Bowlseveral educational outreach partners.

FEBRUARY 2002 47 49 eb1ST COPY.AVAIIABLE THE LIBRARY OF 101CONGRESS INDEPENDENCE AVE.PUBLIC S.E. AFFAIRS OFFICE PRESORTEDLIBRARYPOSTAGE OF STANDARD CONGRESS & FEES PAID PENALTY FORWASHINGTON, PRIVATE USE $300 DC 20540-1610 OFFICIAL BUSINESS DATED MATERIAL WASHINGTON,PERMIT No. DC G-103 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS IfINFORMATION you wish to be BULLETINremoved from the mailing list ISSN 0041-7904 address.theaddresstofor the thisBulletin, above publicationlabel address. pleaseand return. checkaddress If change To here yourrequest Elandis inquires required missing return to enter thethisissue(s) above onpage of Library of Congress Information Bulletin - March I April 2002

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77re LIBRARY of CONGRESS I rifcb act

An oniino companion to the Library's monthly magazine

APR March / April 2002 Vol. 61, No. 3-4 Ansel Adams Photos Document WWII Japanese Internment

2002 ON THE COVER: Roy Takeno, editor of the Manzanar Free Press and a wartime detainee at the California relocation camp for Japanese Americans, reads a copy of his paper in front of the newspaper office. Photo by Ansel Adams, 1943.

Cover Story Scores of Japanese Americans were relocated to internment camps during World War II, and photographer Ansel Adams documented this, "grave injustice." 1996- Reference in a Digital Age The Library has launched new digital reference initiatives and partnerships to reach a broader audience via the Internet. . Sound Preservation The National Recording Preservation Board held its inaugural meeting at the Library in March. That Reminds Me of Hank Country singer Jett Williams delivered the keynote address for the Library's celebration of Women's History Month. Studying the Great Emancipator The Library hosted the annual symposium of the Abraham Lincoln Institute of the Mid- Atlantic in March.

4, Judge to Judge Four leading Russian judges met with U.S. Supreme Court Justices Sandra Day O'Connor and Ruth Bader Ginsburg as part of the Library's Open World program. New from the NLS The National Library Service for the Blind and.Physically Handicapped has announced new initiatives. FLICC Forum 2002 Homeland security and its impact on government information access was the theme of this year's FLICC Forum, which included panel discussions, awards, and speeches by Assistant Attorney General Viet Dinh and Rep. Thomas DavisjR -Va.). International Law Librarians and lawyers found common ground at a spring meeting on legal resarch at the Library. News from the Center for the Book New state centers in New York and Iowa, official opening in Hawaii. Also, fifth in a 51 http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/index.html (1 of 2) [4/30/2003 2:09:59 PM) BESTCOPY VAIL/014E Ansel Adams Photos Document WWII Japanese Internment

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MarchApril 2002 `Suffering Under a Great Injustice' Adams' Photos Document Japanese Internment CURRENT ISSUE All photos by Ansel Adams, 1943

PREVIOUS NEXT ARTICLE ARTICLE A rare set of photographs by photographer Ansel Adams (1902-84), DOWNLOAD PDF1 documenting Japanese Americans interned at the Manzanar War Relocation Center, has been added to American Memory, the Library's Web site of more than 7 million items from the Library of Congress and other repositories. The Ansel Adams collection is being made available during the 100th anniversary of his birth.

Tom Kobayashi at the Manzanar Relocation Center in California

"'Suffering Under a Great Injustice': Ansel Adams's Photographs of Japanese-American Internment at Manzanar" features 209 photographic prints and 242 original negatives taken by Adams in

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/internment.html (1 of 8) [4/30/2003 2:10:12 PM] Ansel Adams Photos Document WWII Japanese Internment 1943. Their subject is some of the Japanese Americans who were relocated from their homes during World War II and interned in the Manzanar War Relocation Center in California. For the first time researchers are able to see online those photographs Adams made of what Congress called "the grave injustice" done to people of Japanese ancestry during the war.

Wooden sign at entrance to the Manzanar War Relocation Center in California

Digital scans of both Adams' original negatives and his photographic prints appear side by side, allowing viewers to see his darkroom technique and, in particular, how he cropped his prints. The Web presentation also includes digital images of the first edition of "Born Free and Equal," Adams' 1944 publication based on his work at Manzanar.

One of America's most well-known photographers, Adams is renowned for his Western landscapes. Best remembered for his views of Yosemite and the Sierra Nevada, he made photographs that emphasize the natural beauty of the land. By contrast, Adams' photographs of people have sometimes been overlooked.

A group of people preparing to be relocated to Manzanar

After Japan bombed Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941, fear of a Japanese invasion and of subversive acts by Japanese Americans prompted the government to move more than 110,000 people of Japanese ancestry from California, southern Arizona, and western Washington and Oregon to 10 relocation camps. Those forcibly removed from their homes, businesses, and possessions included Japanese immigrants legally forbidden to become citizens (Issei), their American-born http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/internment.html (2 of 8) [4/30/2003 2:10:12 PM] J3 Ansel Adams Photos Document WWII Japanese Internment children (Nisei), and children of the American-born (Sansei).

The relocation struck a personal chord with Adams when Harry Oye, his parents' longtime employee who was an Issei in poor health, was summarily taken into custody by authorities and sent to a hospital halfway across the country in Missouri. Angered by this event, Adams welcomed an opportunity in the fall of 1943 to photograph Japanese Americans at Manzanar.

Ansel Adams' 1944 publication of his work at Manzanar

In a departure from his usual landscape photography, Adams produced an essay on the Japanese Americans interned in this beautiful but remote and undeveloped region where the mountains served both as a metaphorical fortress and as an inspiration for the internees. Adams concentrated on the internees and their activities and photographed family life in the barracks; people at work as welders, farmers, and garment makers; and recreational activities, including baseball and volleyball.

Adams donated the original negatives and prints from his work at Manzanar to the Library of Congress between 1965 and 1968 "so that their images could continue to be a public reminder of a heinous wrong," according to Mary Street Alinder, a chief assistant to Ansel Adams and the author of "Ansel Adams: A Biography."

The Library also holds two Ansel Adams portfolios, "Parmelian Prints of the High Sierras" and "What Majestic Word," as well as two single images and two copies of his limited edition oversized volume, "Sierra Nevada: The John Muir Trail," published by Archetype Press in 1938.

"Parmelian Prints" was Ansel Adams's first portfolio, published in 1927 at the beginning of his photographic career when he was only 25. He

BEST COPY AVAILABLE http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/internmenthtml (3 of 8) [4/30/2003 2:10:12 PM] 5 Ansel Adams Photos Document WWII Japanese Internment used the title "Parmelian" rather than "Photographic" to glamorize the silver gelatin process (then considered mundane) that he used to make his breathtaking prints. Adams wrote to his future wife about the project, "My photographs have now reached a stage when they are worthy of the world's critical examination. I have suddenly come upon a new style which I believe will place my work equal to anything of its kind. I have always favored the effect of engravingsthe neat, clean, clear-cut technique fascinates me. In this new effect I will try to combine the two processes of photography and the press into a result that will be exceptionally beautiful and unique...."

"What Majestic Word," a portfolio of 15 nature studies, each of which is signed, was published in 1963.

Adams captured the landscapes and faces: farm workers harvesting crops in field with Mt. Williamson in the background

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/internment.html (4 of 8) [4/30/2003 2:10:12 PM] Ansel Adams Photos Document WWII Japanese Internment

from left: Hidemi Tayenaka, Catherine Natsuko Yamaguchi (Red Cross instructor), and Katsumi Yoshimura

Louise Tami Nakamura (left) holds the hand of Mrs. Naguchi, with Joyce Yuki Nakamura at the entrance of a dwelling at the relocation camp

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/internment.html (5 of 8) [4/30/2003 2:10:12 PM] Ansel Adams Photos Document WWII Japanese Internment

a nurse tends four infants in a Manzanar orphanage

from left: farmer Ryobe Nojima, high school student Yuri Yamazaki, and Private Margaret Fukuoka of the Women's Army Corp (W.A.C.) To access the collection online, visit the Library's home page at www.loc.gov, and type "Ansel Adams" in the search box.

In his foreword to "Sierra Nevada," Ansel Adams described what he was trying to convey with his photographs (which Alfred Stieglitz later characterized as "perfect"): "...they attempt to convey the experiences and the moods derived from a close association with the mountains....The grandiose elements of the scene are subordinated to the more intimate aspectsfor it is through the reception of beauty in detail that our experiences are formed and qualified....The work, then, is a transmission of emotional experiencepersonal, it is true, as http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/internment.html (6 of 8) (4/30/2003 2:10:12 PM] or Ansel Adams Photos Document WWII Japanese Internment any work of art must bebut inclusive in the sense that others have enjoyed similar experiences so that they will understand this interpretation of the intimate and intense beauty of the Sierra Nevada."

A marble monument at the Manzanar cemetery stands out in stark contrast to a characteristic Ansel Adams landscape. The monument reads, "Monument for the Pacification of Spirits"

A young girl at Manzanar plays with a volleyball

The Ansel Adams collections are housed in the Library's Prints and Photographs Division, where they are available to researchers in the division's reading room. The division preserves and makes available a wide range of photographs and fine printsincluding the work of portrait photographers Mathew Brady and Arnold Genthe, photographs by Lewis Hines from the National Child Labor Committee, thousands of Farm Security Administration photographs documenting the lives of ordinary Americans during the Great Depressionas well as fine prints and drawings, posters, a wide range of caricature and cartoon art, and architectural and engineering drawings.

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/internment.html (7 of 8) [4/30/2003 2:10:12 PM] Ansel Adams Photos Document WWII Japanese Internment

Ms. Curtis in the Prints and Photographs Division and the editor contributed to this article.

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http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/internment.html (8 of 8) [4/30/2003 2:10:12 PM] Reference in a Digital Age

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MarchApril 2002 Digital Reference Bringing the Reference Desk to Cyberspace

BY LAURA GOTTESMAN CURRENT ISSUE

PREVIOUS NEXT A library patron in California asks a question about pay grades for AR-1=LE«ARTICLE U.S. military personnel during World War II.It is answered by a U.S. ID OWN LOAD PON Army Librarian, who offers to fax the patron a copy of the pay scale.

A student working on a project in a university library in Southern California is interested in finding out more about crime statistics in Asia and receives a list of recommended resources from the librarians at the Hong Kong Institute of Science and Technology.

A teacher contacts a university library in North Carolina, seeking references for studying the Elizabethan Age for 10 and 11-year-olds in a language arts class. The question is referred to a public library in New Jersey, that generates a list of age-appropriate resources.

The interactions described above are actual examples pulled from a recent Library of Congress pilot projectthe Collaborative Digital Reference Service (CDRS). CDRS is a librarian-to-librarian reference network established to explore the potential of the Internet to connect librarians to each other, to their patrons, and to distributed resources, online and on paper. This is only part of a growing trend at the Library of Congress and throughout the library profession to develop the tools that allow librarians to share their resources more efficiently, and enrich the services all libraries are able to provide.

60 http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/digital-rethtml (1 of 11) [4/30/2003 2:11:59 PM] Reference in a Digital Age 41

4e.

For most of the 20th century, library users took their reference questions directly to reference librarians: to a rather austere group of gentlemen in the Library's Main Reading Room, ca. 1911 (top); or to reference specialists with a specific expertise, as in this photo from the 1950s of the Science Reading Room (below).

"It is undeniably a watershed moment for our profession, a time to reinvent ourselves and to adapt our skills to the demands of the...universe of information," said Diane Kresh, director of the Library's Public Service Collections and a major force behind the Library's digital reference efforts. "At no other time in history has the emergence of technology affected so significantly the core mission of a library. The challenge for librarians is to leverage the excitement, power, and technology of the Internet to create resources and services that researchers will return to again and again."

New digital tools enable the Library to serve a more diverse audience today than at any time in its 200-year history. Recognizing the utility of new technologies, as well as their potential pitfalls, the Library is in the process of adapting its reference mission and developing "best practices" for delivering service in a new medium. No longer exclusively the Library of "last resort," the preserve of scholars and http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/digital-ref.html (2 of 11) [4/30/2003 2:11:59 PM] 6 I Reference in a Digital Age academics only, the Library of Congress is at the forefront of a global effort to take reference service out on the Web, and to provide greater access to its services and holdings for its traditional patrons, as well as for new audiences.

CDRS at the Library of Congress: The Beginning At the American Library Association midwinter conference held January 1998 in New Orleans, the Library of Congress sponsored an open session to discuss the impact of the Internet on reference librarianship. Two hundred reference librarians, administrators and library educators attended this brainstorming session. Themes that emerged from the meeting included the need for new skills and training for librarians; the necessity of developing a plan of action in response to the increase in "remote" patrons seeking assistance via the Internet; and the importance of evaluating and articulating the "best practices" of librarianship while applying these to new technologies. The participants concluded that despite the many challenges it posed, an online environment could facilitate collaboration between librarians, allowing them to share their resources and serve a broader audience.

Several other meetings hosted by the Library of Congress followed, and a core group of pilot libraries of various types emergedamong these: Library of Congress, the National Libraries of Canada and Australia, the EARL (Electronic Access to Resources in Libraries) Consortium of public libraries in the United Kingdom, Cornell University, the University of Texas at Austin, the University of Washington, the Santa Monica Public Library, several California library consortia, the Morris County (N.J.) Public Library, and the Smithsonian American Art Museum.

An advisory board was created from the ranks of the early CDRS members to guide the development of the service and to ensure that the interests of a variety of library types were represented. The CDRS team of reference librarians and project administrators at the Library of Congress also drew up a prototype of a Service Level Agreement (SLA) in consultation with its in-house legal team, as well as service guidelines for members. The SLA enumerated the responsibilities of members to one another, as well as the terms of collaborative work. The CDRS pilot was free-of-charge and relied solely on the commitment of its members to function. Members could participate in the service in a variety of ways; some would be net "askers" of questions, due to limitations in the size of their collections and their http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/digital-ref.html (3 of 11) [4/30/2003 2:11:59 PM] 62 Reference in a Digital Age resources. Other libraries offered to share their resources and expertise as net "answerers." Still others would edit answers into a standard format for submission into the "Knowledge Base"a searchable archive of questions and answers.

The first live question to the new Collaborative Digital Reference Service was posed on June 29, 2000. This reference inquiryregarding ancient Byzantine cuisinewas sent by the EARL Consortium. The request was routed to the Santa Monica Public Library at 10:40 a.m. Several hours later, a list of five books was on its way to London.

During its first month of live testing, the member institutions exchanged more than 300 questions and answers, creating a virtual reference desk spanning three continents and 15 time zones. Eighteen months later, CDRS had more than 250 members from more than 18 countries.

Participant response has been positive. Rosemary Cooper, a public librarian in Boise, Idaho, and an early CDRS member, believes that networked service "strengthens the local system because it not only adds resources for an initial up-front investment of time, but also provides an opportunity for us to rethink our old ways of providing service in ways that might consider the users' needs as more of a priority than some of our standard models of reference service do. Many of our local communities are interested in retaining the human interaction they value at their local public libraries, but not always at the expense of service and convenience. That is what the Internet is showing us, anyway. That certainly has been our experience so far. I see CDRS as a way of turning some of those users back to us and allowing us to help meet their information needs."

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/digital-ref.html (4 of 11) [4/30/2003 2:11:59 PM] 63 Reference in a Digital Age

w ...... This version of the "Ask a Ask. a librarian....;,..__.. 6 S 4811.114;t telfIre* e.ii.1.liA. ,C.-.715,-"ki .03. hill,:. librarian" page is scheduled to - 'nr4 C.N9 Ula VC. Mir .3 t" .dePt.,... H.11 IISIVi : an"...."-:r L'''''''"Iest-?...it -eq.21.t*.",s'a'"'lar.. ww. ors lat N., debut in June and will be .66...... bora* ...lawor. -=, s. %;:f..-::. P 0,,.,, o -, , accessible from the Library of ,..,O 20 CI Congress home page, I 9-,I,A.F.--,1-.941,1=1. ID ....Pa 4."I 04.'40VA 'i. IS in v...1.1. /11-0, uat r.i.e. IV0030 www.Ioc.gov Ci.P...."...",,^411Ciel Ott,. NI,I,LAI'l 0 d=lft=t2C3 I:I. 1 trilMr....,..e....i 11...!.....1..MAF i=111.1,1110,71,14 IMIINIM 41 .or.'i, '%. 9 14494.7.9, II #.1.40, .1,,..s., Ask a Librarian 100.0waN00.1 0 kfida.vall43060.100c L0 ....cin00:c0a.orimu, 0 e.000010.000 "ill 030.0003=04 0 =.3300zi,_.0 TheLibrary's reference librarians

o 0 0..,..zr- lo, have worked with "remote" patrons ' ...... :. ."...... 0...1! ....= e lull a mr...... auca to 41,,, asP for yearsvia surface mail, fax, "^-"- ....X il .. 0000ti.t00000 telephone, e-mail,"live reference" (or "chat" reference) technology pilot projects. The reference staff at the Library of Congress has recently developed a new "Ask a librarian" Help Desk, www.loc.gov/help/help-desk.html, designed to lead patrons to various online resources and reference links. The new Help Desk allows patrons to submit questions directly to Library of Congress reading rooms, using Web forms tailored to each division's collections.

This type of form is often called an "Ask a librarian" Web page, because it simulates what is known in the library profession as the "reference interview." It captures important information about the question such as: "reason for research" (e.g. "general interest" vs. "research paper"); the educational level of the desired answer (primary school vs. graduate student). Information derived from the reference interview gives the librarian a context within which to frame her/his response and direct the patron to the most appropriate resources to answer the question.

Statistical and anecdotal reports from libraries throughout the United States show that reading rooms are emptier, while traffic on the Internet continues to grow. It is clear that library users have taken to the Internet. The Library of Congress would like to meet them there with relevant information and responsive service that keeps them coming back. The Library and its partners are developing the tools to enable librarians to share their resources more efficiently, and enrich the services all libraries are able to provide.

On February 19 of this year alone, the Library of Congress' new "Ask EST COPY AVML4Bj http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/digital-rethtml (5 of 11) [4/30/2003 2:11:59 PM] 64 Reference in a Digital Age a librarian" online "help desk" www.loc.gov/rr/askalib registered 1,306 hits. There is no way that any one library can answer every question it receivesnot even the Library of Congress has the resources to do this. But by developing new tools to manage workflow more efficiently, by pooling resources, creating a strong, unified Web presence and high standards of service, libraries can ensure that patrons will find the information they need. Question Point Question Point Collaborative Reference Service The Library of Congress is currently testing Question Point, a new digital reference software based on the prototype of CDRS, which was developed in partnership with the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) of Dublin, Ohio, a pioneer in developing innovative services to support collaboration among librarians, including collaborative cataloging and interlibrary loan programs. Question Point software is already being used in all 21 of the Library's reading rooms, as well as the reading rooms of more than 40 other institutions throughout the U.S., the U.K., Canada and Hong Kong.

Question Point was developed by the Library of Congress and OCLC to help librarians manage their online reference transactions, and to make reference service on the Web more responsive. It creates a unified approach to managing the increasing online reference flow in and out of reading rooms and enables librarians to develop local online reference groups. The Question Point software allows librarians to transfer questions to colleagues anywhere in their established network. These reference networks can extend beyond one library to regional or state libraries, and then out to the wider world network. While CDRS was a single, one-size-fits-all network, Question Point provides the foundation upon which more focused and complex reference networks of varying sizes may be built and configured to fulfill a variety of needs.

The new system will also allow member libraries to tap into a diverse, international network of libraries and information specialists for assistance in responding to reference questions. Question Point member libraries can tailor their Web interface to best suit their institutional character and users' needs. The system will also provide member libraries with a shared database of archived questions and answers to assist them in responding to "frequently asked questions."

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/digital-ref.html (6 of 11) [4/30/2003 2:11:59 PM] 65 Reference in a Digital Age During the CDRS Pilot Project, librarians have had to submit questions to the system on behalf of their patrons. Question Point enables patrons to submit their questions to their local library directly, through an "Ask a librarian" form on the library's Web page. Librarians will input questions to the system on behalf of their users, but in the future patrons will also be able to submit questions themselves, by clicking on an "Ask a librarian" button on their library's home page.

111

The personal interaction between library patron and reference librarian continued in the 1970s in the Manuscript Reading Room (left), and in the 1980s in the Main Reading Room (center). At the same time, the introduction of computers began to supplement in- person reference assistance at the Library of Congress in 1977 (right).

The Future of Digital Reference Services Imagine that some time in the near future, a patron goes to the home page of her public library in a large town in Illinois, seeking information on the so-called "Pig War" between British and American troops on San Juan Island, off the coast of Washington state. She clicks on the "Ask a librarian" button, and the browser asks for some standard pieces of informatione-mail address, city, state, zip code, and the education level of the desired response (elementary, secondary, undergraduate, adult/lifelong learner, or graduate level). She would then be asked about the subject area of the question, and the turnaround timehow soon she would need the information (hours, days). The patron clicks on the "submit" button, and the question is on its way.

A librarian in her public library then receives an alert e-mail, telling him that someone has submitted a question to the network. The librarian goes online, reads it, and after checking in his library's catalog and

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/digital-ref.html (7 of 11) [4/30/2003 2:11:59 PM] 66 Reference in a Digital Age various databases, realizes that he may not have the resources on hand to answer the patron's question fully. The librarian e-mails the patron what little information he has been able to find in his collection and offers her the option of contacting him via telephone or a live chat session, so he can find out more about the information she needs.

The patron returns to her library's home page and clicks on the "Live Reference" or "Chat" Button. A small window pops up on her monitor, and she begins to type out a question, to which the librarian types a response seconds later. Realizing the patron needs more information than the local library is able to provide, the librarian tells her that he will send the question along to his colleagues at a Washington State regional library. This library responds with a comprehensive list of recommended books, articles, and Web sites about the "Pig War" that the librarian sends along to his patron. In this case, the librarian has not only helped the patron find the information she needs, but also has provided her with a positive connection to her local library.

There are plans in the works to provide an integrated document- delivery and interlibrary loan component to the system, and services in languages beyond English, to support further international growth and opportunities for collaboration.

CDRS has a current membership of 261 libraries. Since June 2000, more than 4000 reference questions have been submitted and answered by members. The Question Point service is scheduled to replace the CDRS pilot by mid-June, 2002. Both CDRS and Question Point were designed to be accessible online and do not require the installation of any special software; all that is required for use is access to the Internet and a browser.

CDRS and QuestionPoint both work off databases of library profiles. Information in a library's profile includes an extremely detailed description of its collection (subjects and formats) holdings and information resources, its hours, education level served, the languages in which it can respond to questions (although currently a primarily English-language service, it is hoped that CDRS will offer service in other languages, beginning with Spanish, before the end of 2002.). In CDRS the questions are routed to an appropriate answering institution in response to information found in the institution's profile.

As part of the pilot project, CDRS members created a knowledge http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/digital-ref.html (8 of 11) [4/30/2003 2:11:59 PM] 67 Reference in a Digital Age database ("Knowledge Base "),' a searchable, edited archive of question-and-answer sets for the future use of librarians and their patrons. The idea is that when a patron submits a question, the knowledge base is searched automatically, to see if the same (or a similar) question has been asked and answered before. Question Point will also enable libraries to develop their own local knowledge bases, as well as contribute to the global database which will be available to the entire network. Then a question such as "where do I find information on the history of the toothbrush?" (a frequently-fielded question, believe it or not, in the Library's Science Division) will need to be answered only once. Patrons and librarians can also go directly to the knowledge base and search it manually.

These new digital reference tools are designed to supplement the services libraries can offer, not replace them. In creating the new software, the Library of Congress and OCLC placed an emphasis on developing a customizable interface, so that patrons could access the new tool through their own local or regional libraries.

Developing the software is, in some ways, the easiest part of the process of creating a new vision of the reference desk and the role of the reference librarian. The greater challenge is developing shared standards of service and trust in the new tools and in the collaborative process itself. It is important that service in a virtual medium retains the personal touch that is valued by both reference librarians and their traditional patrons.

What Do CDRS Patrons Want to Know?

I wish to pursue research on guilt in Graham Greene's novels. I would be very glad if you would help me find out if the topic has been researched earlier.... One of our patrons requested a work which, she believes, was written by Martin Luther. The work is entitled "Die Schonheit der Deutsche Sprache" ("The Beauty of the German Language"). We have checked our copy of "Werke: Kritische Gesammtausgabe" (Weimar, H. Bohlau, 1883-1916), a multi-volume edition of Luther's works, to no avail. However, several volumes in this set are missing. Anyone have an idea as to how we might find this work?... A local pastor asked if we might have a list of the

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/digital-ref.html (9 of 11) [4/30/2003 2:11:59 PM] 68 Reference in a Digital Age questions that are asked of a person being ordained in the Baptist Church by an Ordination Council. We had several items that provided some categories but none that supplied actual questions. Any ideas? A patron remembers a book from the early 70s. The story was about a goose and a chicken who married and their offspring was called a `chirkendoose'... I need to write a research paper on the history of Legos. I am having trouble finding information. Can you please help? I am teaching the Western Hemisphere and went to circle it on the map. In doing so, I discovered a perplexing situation. On a few different maps the exact location seems to differ: on one, bits of Asia were shown as well as New Zealand. On another, if you were using the prime meridian and international date line as markers, parts of Africa were included. Also, Greenland is apparent. However, in the dictionary, the Western Hemisphere only includes North America and Latin America. What is the exact definition of the Western Hemisphere and what countries and locations are included? Hello. I am trying to find out information about coffin motels. Coffin motels are those places people can rent to sleep in and are widely used in Japan. Specifically, I need to know the history of when they first came into use and if there is an international directory of where they are. Are they catching on in the United States, and if so, where can I find out more? A faculty member at our institution is trying to find information about the breakdown of investors in the stock markets: how much of the investing is being done by different types of investors; like individual investors, institutions, mutual fund managers, corporations, etc. She is interested in this information over time: 20 years ago, 10 years ago, five years ago as well as current figures. We are not sure how this information might be reported, but total dollars and trading volume for each type of investor would be useful. What bird serves as an alligator's toothbrush?

Ms. Gottesman is a digital reference specialist, Digital Reference http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/digital-ref.html (10 of 11) [4/30/2003 2:11:59 PM] Reference in a Digital Age Team, Public Service Collections Directorate, in Library Services.

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70 http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/digital-ref.html (11 of 11) [4/30/2003 2:11:59 PM] Sound Preservation

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MarchApril 2002 Saving Sound Recording Preservation Board Holds First Meeting

The National Recording Preservation Board held its inaugural meeting CURRENT ISSUE on Tuesday, March 12, at the Library of Congress. Appointed by

PREVIOUS NEXT James Billington, Librarian of Congress, in accordance with the ARRCLE r ARTICLE National Recording Preservation Act of 2000 (P.L. 106-474), the board 'DOWNLOAD PDF is made up of 17 members from organizations named in the legislation, as well as three at-large members. These organizations represent composers, musicians, musicologists, librarians, archivists, and the recording industry. Dr. Billington named Marilyn Bergman, president and chairman of the board of the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP), to chair the new Preservation Board.

The purpose of the National Recording Preservation Act is to launch an effort to preserve the nation's rich legacy of all kinds of sound recordings, analogous to that already underway at the Library under the terms of the National Film Preservation Act to save America's films for future generations.

The law directs the board to develop a comprehensive national recording preservation study and action plan and to review and advise the Librarian concerning recordings nominated for inclusion in a National Recording Registry. According to the law, the Librarian shall establish the National Recording Registry "for the purpose of maintaining and preserving sound recordings that are culturally, historically or aesthetically significant."

"We have a great responsibility ahead of us," said Dr. Billington as he opened the meeting. "We must assure the preservation and accessibility of more than 100 years of recorded sound. The sounds of our times, and those of the 20th century, will be experienced first-hand by generations to come when we accomplish this important goal."

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/nrpb-meeting.html (1 of 4) [4/30/2003 2:12:05 PM] 71 Sound Preservation At the March meeting, the board discussed nomination and selection criteria of sound recordings for the National Recording Registry and provided input on various means for soliciting nominations from the public. Utilizing these suggestions, as well as continuing input from the board, the Librarian will formulate the criteria for the selection of recordings to the registry, which will then be published in the Federal Register.

The Preservation Board concluded their day by beginning to plan for the comprehensive study of current sound recording preservation practices and issues. Board members discussed a variety of topics such as the feasibility of establishing technical standards for preservation reformatting, the identification of impediments to preservation of sound recordings and access to those recordings, and the recognition of potential collaborative opportunities.

The three components of the National Recording Preservation Actthe study and report, the national plan, and the National Recording Registryprovide the necessary elements of a comprehensive program to ensure the survival, conservation, and increased public availability of America's sound recording heritage, noted Dr. Billington.

The study and plan will set standards for future private and public preservation efforts. It will be conducted in conjunction with the National Audio-Visual Conservation Center, which the Library is developing in Culpeper, Va. The recording preservation program will promote coordination of activities of archivists and copyright owners, increase accessibility to sound recordings for educational purposes, recommend ways to utilize the Culpeper facility to preserve the recordings on the National Registry, develop new "best practices" for sound recording preservation, and assist in the transition from analog to digital preservation for sound recordings. The study will be initiated later this year.

Marilyn Bergman, chair of the board, remarked that "the inaugural board meeting provided a valuable forum for archivists, librarians, scholars, music performing rights organizations, the music creative community, and representatives of the recording industry to candidly discuss audio preservation goals, issues and challenges. Together we will work toward the goal of preserving our sound recording heritage."

NRPB Members

1 http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/nrpb-meeting.html (2 of 4) [4/30/2003 2:12:05 PM] 72 Sound Preservation The following were selected by the Librarian to represent the institutions named in the National Recording Preservation Act.

American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers Marilyn Bergman, member; Charles Bernstein, alternate American Federation of Musicians Alfonso Pollard, member; Steven A. Gibson, alternate American Folklore Society Burt Feintuch, member; Timothy Lloyd, alternate American Musicological Society Jose Antonio Bowen, member; Deane L. Root, alternate Association for Recorded Sound Collections Bill Klinger, member; David Hamilton, alternate Audio Engineering Society George Massenburg, member; Elizabeth Cohen, alternate Broadcast Music Inc. Frances Preston, member; David Sanjek, alternate Country Music Foundation Kyle Young, member; Alan Stoker, alternate Digital Media Association Jeffrey Okkonen, member; Chris Douridas, alternate Music Library Association James Farrington, member; Barbara Sawka, alternate National Archives and Records Administration Donald Roe, member; Les Waffen, alternate National Academy of Popular Music Iry Lichtman, member; Ervin Drake, alternate National Association of Recording Merchandisers Rachel le Friedman, member; Pamela Horovitz, alternate National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences Michael Greene, member; Eugene Mail lard, alternate Recording Industry Association of America Hilary Rosen, member; John Simson, alternate SESAC William Velez, member; Dennis Lord, alternate Society for Ethnomusicology Anthony Seeger, member; Suzanne Flandreau, alternate

The following individuals were selected by the Librarian of Congress as at-large members: Michael Feinstein, Mickey Hart, and Barbara Ringer.

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/nrpb-meeting.html (3 of 4) [4/30/2003 2:12:05 PM] 73 That Reminds Me of Hank

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MarchApril 2002

11INti Hank's Girl Shares Her Story Jett Williams Speaks During Women's History Month

BY AUDREY FISCHER CURRENT ISSUE PREVIOUS NW ARTICLE ARTICLE Jett Williams 'DOWNLOAD PDF, Photo by Charlynn Spencer Pyne

Some stories are too good to be kept secret. Fortunately, country singer Jett Williams has chosen to share hers with the worldnot only in her autobiography titled "Ain't Nothin' as Sweet as My Baby" but also through her many speaking engagements.

"If I made up my story, it wouldn't be this good," said Williams during her March 5 keynote address to kick off the Library's month-long celebration of Women's History Month. "When people tell me I should write a book, I tell them I have, and it's in the Library of Congress."

The daughter of country music legend Hank Williams, Williams has often been referred to as "country music's best kept secret" since her paternity was unknown to her until she was an adultand then it was only hinted at. This began her quest to find out who she was and what had happened.

She was born in Montgomery, Ala., on Jan. 6, 1953, just five days after her father's sudden death at the age of 29. She was subsequently adopted by her paternal grandmother who died shortly thereafter. Her father's sister, Irene, agreed to adopt her, but instead

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/jett-keynote.html (1 of 4) [4/30/2003 2:12:09 PM] 74 ' That Reminds Me of Hank placed the two-year-old in foster care and sued her for any claim to her grandmother's estate.

"I had four families before I was four, was orphaned three times, and had six name changes," recalled Williams. "My life was repeatedly changed with the stroke of a pen, be it by an attorney, social worker, judge, family member, or the courts." It wasn't until her thirties that she christened herself "Jett Willams" to represent the union of her natural mother, Frances "Bobby" Jett and her famous father, Hank Williams.

At the age of 21, Williams was first given some basic information by her adoptive parents about her possible connection to the famous country singer. Armed with these "crumbs," she continued her search in the local library and then in the Alabama Pensions and Securities office, which maintained state adoption records. For about a decade, Williams came up against "one brick wall after another." It became clear that her search would have to extend outside of Alabama. Keith Adkinson, a Washington, D.C., investigative attorney, helped open doors that were previously closed to her.

"Through faith I met Keith, my knight in a three-piece suit," said Williams, who married Adkinson in 1986. "He believes in justice and what's right. But he warned me that I might not find out the truth, or I might find I wasn't wanted, or I might find I was wanted. I had to be prepared to face those realities."

Fortunately, Williams found out that she was indeed wanted, a fact that fills her with enormous pride. In a move that Williams characterized as "unbelievable in 1952," her father, then already a superstar, came forward to accept full responsibility for his unborn child.

"My daddy loved me enough to do something just for me," she said. "He entered into a pre-birth custody agreement that gave him full custody and responsibility for me."

In a quest that can only be characterized as "relentless," Williams was able to prove that she was not only Hank Williams' daughter but also the rightful heir to half of his estate (to be shared with her step-brother Hank Williams Jr.).

"The presidential elections had nothing on me," joked Williams,

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/jett-keynote.html (2 of 4) [4/30/2003 2:12:09 PM] 75 That Reminds Me of Hank referring to her persistence in arguing her case in the courts. "My case was argued in probate court, circuit court, the state supreme court, the federal courts in New York, the appellate court and no less than five times in the U.S. Supreme Court." At issue was not only the establishment of her paternity, which was well-documented, but also her inheritance rights as a presumed adoptee.

"I wasn't born adopted," said Williams. "My father never intended for me to be adopted. He just didn't count on dying."

As a result of her case, many laws have been changed, including those governing the inheritance rights of adopted children.

Williams was ultimately able to prove that she was deliberately defrauded.

"Everyone knew there was a child, but they deliberately concealed my identity, not to protect me, but for their own financial gain."

In the end, Adkinson was able to convince three appellate judges to review his wife's case again, and, in a stunning move, they reversed their earlier decision.

"Our country is so great because you can stand up and fight for what you believe in," said Williams. "I'm grateful to live in the greatest country in the world where I have the freedoms that I have."

While searching for her identity, Williams also pursued a singing career. As evidenced by childhood photos of her with a guitar, music was in her blood long before she was linked to her legendary father. In 1989, she made her professional debut, blending her father's classics, such as "Your Cheatin' Heart," with her originals. In 1993, she appeared for the first time at the Grand Ole Opry in Nashville, Tenn. For more than a decade she brought to life her father's legacy for a new generation of fans. In addition to her autobiography, her credits include two compact discs, "I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry" and "That Reminds Me of Hank."

A few years ago, on what would have been her father's 75th birthday, she reconciled with half-brother Hank Williams Jr.

"I believe my daddy was finally at peace, knowing his kids were no http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/jett-keynote.html (3 of 4) [4/30/2003 2:12:09 PM] 7 6 That Reminds Me of Hank longer fighting," said Williams.

Ms. Fischer is a public affairs specialist in the Public Affairs Office.

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http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/jett-keynote.html (4 of 4) [4/30/2003 2:12:09 PM] 77 Studying the Great Emancipator

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March - April 2002 The Latest in Lincoln Lincoln Institute Holds Annual Symposium

BY STEVEN L. CARSON (PHOTOS BY ELIZABETH A. YANOWITCH) CURRENT ISSUE

PREVIOUS NEXT The Fifth Annual Symposium of the Abraham Lincoln Institute of the ARTDCLE ARTICLE Mid-Atlantic Inc. (ALIMA) met at the Library of Congress on March 16. (DOWNLOAD POP Nearly 400 people attended the symposium, which was sponsored jointly by the Library's Manuscript and Rare Book and Special Collections divisions. The proceedings were covered by C-SPAN and cybercast on the Library's Web site at www.loc.gov/loc/lincoln.

Scott Sandage

Chartered in 1997, ALIMA holds annual symposia and quarterly seminars featuring prominent scholars from the region and the nation. Five scholars delivered papers at this year's program, which had as its theme "The Latest in Lincoln Scholarship." They were William Lee Miller, author of "Lincoln's Virtues"; presidential historian Doris Kearns Goodwin; Ronald C. White of the San Francisco Theological Seminary; Lincoln assassination expert Edward Steers Jr.; and John R. Sellers, president of ALIMA and historical specialist on the Civil War and Reconstruction in the Library's Manuscript Division. The master of ceremonies was Scott Sandage of Carnegie-Mellon University.

6 http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/ali-symposium.html (1 of 6) [4/30/2003 2:12:20 PM] Studying the Great Emancipator William Lee Miller In his paper titled "'I Felt It My Duty to Refuse:' A Presidential Pardon Case," William Miller focused on Lincoln's ethics, the theme of his new book. Miller initially noted the president's liberal use of his pardoning power that drove military officers and Secretary of War Edwin Stanton to distraction.

The speaker then focused on the case of Nathaniel Gordon, a slave trader convicted by a jury and sentenced to be hanged, who was subsequently denied a pardon by Lincoln. The pressure on Lincoln for clemency was enormous, one appeal even came from the governor of New York, along with the signatures of 11,000 other New Yorkers. Lincoln was an opponent of the slave trade and the extension of slavery into the territories. "I felt it was my duty to refuse," was Lincoln's response, and he stayed the course in the face of many protest rallies. After giving Gordon two more weeks of life "to get his soul in order," Lincoln ordered his execution. In so doing, Lincoln spoke of the "common God of us all," including blacks, which was considered a shocking concept in its time.

Doris Kearns Goodwin Noted presidential biographer Doris Kearns Goodwin spoke about Lincoln's White House, drawing on her forthcoming comparative study of Lincoln and his cabinet. She said that one of the more fascinating aspects of Lincoln's life and career is how he formed a cabinet of his political rivals and organized them into a cohesive unit for Union victory. She compared the public and private lives of Lincoln and three members of his cabinet: Secretary of State William H. Seward, Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase (later Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court), and Attorney General Edward Bates. http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/ali-symposium.html (2 of 6) [4/30/2003 2:12:20 PM] 79 Studying the Great Emancipator

"Chase was at one end of the spectrum with a harsh and impoverished childhood as well as private life, while Bates had a happy home life with 17 children," said Goodwin. She noted that Chase lost three wives and two children, and as a result, was all- consumed with ambition. His lack of family, with the exception of one surviving daughter, "left him with nothing to fall back upon in times of defeat," she said. By comparison, Bates put his career second to his family. He was a congressman, third party presidential candidate (against Lincoln), and attorney general, but rejected bids for vice president and the post of secretary of state.

Seward, former governor and later a senator from New York, enjoyed inherited wealth and political support. He was the front-runner for the 1860 Republican presidential nomination, an election eventually won by Lincoln. Highly successful as secretary of state and far more secure as a person than Chase, he nevertheless was lonely, having an invalid wife. On the night of Lincoln's assassination, he was seriously injured in the bloody attack. This event marred the remaining eight years of his life, but he still succeeded in purchasing Alaska for the U.S. under Andrew Johnson, Lincoln's successor.

According to Goodwin, Lincoln had the most miserable and harshest childhood and suffered tremendously from depression. The early years of Lincoln's marriage provided a safe haven for him. "It was the first time he had security and warmth," she remarked. Only economic necessity kept him on the law circuit and away from home for long periods of time. His wife Mary supported his political ambitions, but her high-strung and possessive nature made it hard for her to endure the loneliness. After their son Willie's death, Lincoln suffered "extraordinary woes with Mary," Goodwin said. "He had a structure to fall back upon but Mary did not. She became unmoored, and in some ways a very different person. They took two different paths and Mary spiraled away."

http://www.loc.gov/lodlcib/02034/ali-symposium.html (3 of 6) [4/30/2003 2:12:20 PM] 80 Studying the Great Emancipator Ronald C. White Jr. Ronald C. White Jr., spoke on "Lincoln's Sermon on the Mount: The Second Inaugural." According to White, Lincoln considered this, not the Gettysburg Address, to be his greatest speech. He saw it as the beginning of four more years in office, although it turned out to be his "Last Will and Testament." The speech was not popular at the time because Lincoln did not say what his audience wanted to hear. There were no victory cheers for a war-weary people. Instead, he talked of suffering and how the war was God's punishment for the evil of slavery, which he said was at the core of American society. "With all of Lincoln's scriptural allusions, the speech revealed a more profound theological thinking," observed White.

At 703 words, it was the shortest inaugural address since George Washington's. "The New York Times" said "he made no boasts, only submission to the Constitution." According to White, "Lincoln's strategy was to emphasize common concerns and convictions. He was trying to pull the nation together in problems of causality and victory....His first two paragraphs were like a Shakespearean act. ... He was the soldiers' president and absorbed their pain into his person. ...He looked older than his 56 yearsand got 75 percent of their vote."

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/ali-symposium.html (4 of 6) [4/30/2003 2:12:20 PM] Studying the Great Emancipator Edward Steers Jr. In his new book titled "Blood on the Moon," Edward Steers Jr. reveals his findings on the Lincoln assassination. Central to his thesis is the belief that Dr. Samuel A. Muddwho treated accused assassin John Wilkes Boothwas a key player in the assassination. He cited what he believes to be an authentic paper trail to support his theory that Dr. Mudd was not an innocent victim who just happened to treat a stranger. He believes that Dr. Mudd knew Booth and was aware that Booth had assassinated Lincoln.

Steers noted that the myths surrounding Lincoln's assassination are ingrained in America's thinking in spite of documentation to the contrary. These myths include the belief that Booth was a madman, Mary Surratt was an innocent bystan- der, the military tribunal against the conspirators was illegal, the plot to kidnap Lincoln was separate from the actual assassination scheme, and perhaps most interesting, the belief that the Confederate government was unaware of the plot. "People just will not look at the evidence," he said.

John Sellers John Sellers, the last speaker, discussed a "remarkable three- volume diary" by Horatio Nelson Taft, a New York legislator who came to Washington to work in the U.S. Patent Office. The diary, which was recently acquired by the Library, is accessible on the Library's American Memory Web site at memory.loc.goviammem/tafthtml/ (see "Information Bulletin," February 2002). Described by Sellers as "the first major discovery of its type in 50 years," http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/ali-symposium.html (5 of 6) [4/30/2003 2:12:20 PM] 82 Studying the Great Emancipator the diary details events in Washington during the Civil War years, including Taft's personal connection to Abraham Lincoln and his family.

The Tafts met the Lincolns at a reception at the Willard Hotel, and their wives became friends. Taft's younger children were playmates for Lincoln's youngest sons, Willie and Tad. Of special interest is Taft's description of Lincoln's assassination, based on the accounts of his friends and his older son, Dr. Charles Sabin Taft, who was one of the attending physicians at Ford's Theatre the night Lincoln was shot.

At the day-long symposium, ALIMA's annual book award was presented to Kenneth J. Winkle for "Young Eagle," which deals with Lincoln's early life. The Hay-Nicolay Scholars Prize went to Brian Dirck for his book "Comparing Lincoln and Davis."

Mr. Carson is a member of ALIMA's Board of Directors, and the editor of "Manuscript News."

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r", 3 http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/ali-symposium.html (6 of 6) [4/30/2003 2:12:20 PM] 4,5 Judge to Judge

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March - April 2002 Russian Justice Open World Participants Visit Supreme Court

BY STACY HOFFHAUS CURRENT ISSUE

PREVIOUS NExr Four of Russia's top judges met with Supreme Court Justices Sandra ARTMLE ARTICLE Day O'Connor and Ruth Bader Ginsburg on March 18 during a visit '',DOWNLOAD PDFil sponsored by the Library-based Open World Program.

James Billington, Librarian of Congress, was present for a lively discussion focused on the concept of judicial independence and major legal reforms now being implemented in Russia, including the expansion of jury trials nationwide. The Russians queried their American colleagues about how they select the cases they hear and whether they are subject to mandatory retirement, as Russian judges will be under new reforms.

The visiting Russian judges are part of the largest exchange sponsored by the Open World Program, which is operated by the Center for Russian Leadership Development at the Library.

Holding its inaugural meeting at the Library on March 7, the center's board of trustees decided on the size of this year's contingent from Russia and elected board leaders. Dr. Billington, an ex officio member of the board, was named chairman, and Sen. Carl Levin (D-Mich.) and Rep. Amo Houghton (R-N.Y.), both board members, were named vice chairmen.

Other board members are Sen. Bill Frist (R-Tenn.); Rep. Robert E. (Bud) Cramer (D-Ala.); former U.S. Ambassador to Russia James F. Collins; former Rep. James W. Symington; and financier and philanthropist George Soros. Sen. Ted Stevens (R-Alaska) is honorary chairman.

Trustees appointed Geraldine M. Otremba the center's first executive http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/judges.html (1 of 4) [4/30/2003 2:12:33 PM] 84 Judge to Judge director. Otremba has managed Open World since its inception as the Russian Leadership Program in 1999. The board also approved an interagency agreement by which the center will reimburse the Library for costs of administration, information technology and other support services.

Valentin Kuznetsov, chair of the Supreme Qualifying Collegium of the Russian Federation; Allen Weinstein, president and CEO of the Center for Democracy; Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg; Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor; Vladimir Demidov, deputy chair of the Council of Judges; Fedor Vyatkin, deputy chair of the Supreme Qualifying Collegium of Judges, and chief judge of the Chelyabinsk Regional Court; Liudmila Maikova, deputy chair of the Council of Judges; Lloyd George, senior judge of the U.S. District Court for the District of Nevada; and James Billington, Librarian of Congress. Photo by J. Stuart Harris

Dr. Billington updated members of Congress on Open World's activities and accomplishments on March 13, when he appeared before the Senate appropriations legislative branch subcommittee in support of the program's fiscal 2003 budget request as well as the Library's budget request. He stressed that the Open World Program can play an important role in reinforcing the more constructive relationship that has developed between the United States and Russia in the wake of September 11 events. "The Open World Program has led the way, for the past three years, in reviving public diplomacy with

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/judges.html (2 of 4) [4/30/2003 2:12:33 PM] Judge to Judge Russia at the community-to-community and people-to-people levels," the Librarian told the subcommittee.

Sen. Stevens, who sponsored the legislation creating and continuing the program, also spoke at the hearing. "The Open World Program has been dramatically successful in bringing Russia's future political leaders to the United States to visit our communities and meet our citizens for the first time," the senator said. "I want particularly to congratulate Dr. Billington for his vision in proposing the Open World Program and for attracting broad participation of nongovernmental partners to host our Russian guests in American homes in more than 700 communities from Alaska to Florida."

Congress appropriated $8 million for the Open World Program in fiscal year 2002. The main themes for this year's program are economic development, education reform, the environment, federalism, health, rule of law, and two new topicswomen as leaders and youth issues. As in past years, Open World's civic program will target young, non-English- speaking regional and municipal officeholders and administrators, jurists, educators, nongovernmental organization leaders, political party activists, journalists and entrepreneurs. The program will also invite leading Russian health care administrators and practitioners to participate.

For its 2002 parliamentary program, Open World intends to bring to the U.S. high-level delegations of Federation Council (upper house) and State Duma (lower house) members to hold working meetings with their Senate and House counterparts on such key issues as trade and security.

From late April through early December, 60-person Open World civic delegations will arrive in the U. S. semiweekly. Participants' first stop will usually be Washington, D.C., where they will take part in an all- day orientation at the Library. They will then divide into smaller groups and travel to their host communities, which could be anything from a small rural town in the Southwest to a major city on the Eastern seaboard. There they take part in intensive week-long programs that include "job shadowing," roundtables, site visits and other activities.

Open World's host organizationstypically nonprofit organizations experienced in operating foreign exchangesdevelop and conduct participants' professional programs. Trustees of the Center for http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/judges.html (3 of 4) [4/30/2003 2:12:33 PM] 86 Judge to Judge Russian Leadership Development made initial grants of $4.2 million to the following organizations to host Open World participants in 2002: the Academy for Educational Development, the American International Health Alliance, the Friendship Force, the International Academy for Freedom of Religion and Belief, the National Peace Foundation, Rotary International, the International Institute of the USDA Graduate School, and World Services of LaCrosse, Wis.

In most cases, participants stay with local members of their host organization and join them in community and cultural events. This "home hosting" keeps costs down and gives participants valuable insights into American life.

Open World exchanges began in June 1999, less than two months after Dr. Billington first proposed the program in a speech to members of Congress. During its two years as a Library-administered pilot project, the program brought nearly 4,000 Russian visitors to 48 states and the District of Columbia. In December 2000, Congress authorized the creation of the independent Center for Russian Leadership Development to house the program.

During 2001, while making the transition from a pilot project to a permanent program, Open World focused on testing what proved to be a successful rule of law pilot project matching prominent Russian judges with senior U.S. federal and state judges. In the future, in addition to operating its large-scale exchange, Open World plans to support an active alumni program in Russia featuring conferences, workshops, alumni associations, and its recently launched alumni newsletter, the "Open World Alumni Bulletin."

Ms. Hoffhaus is a senior writer-editor for the Center for Russian Leadership Development.

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March - April 2002 NLS Telecommunications Initiatives New Services for the Blind Available CURRENT ISSUE

PREVIOUS NEXT The National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped ARTDCLErARTICLE (NLS) in the Library of Congress, has recently announced its 'DOWNLOAD PDF collaboration on NFB-NEWSLINE and Bookshare.org, two telecommunications technology initiatives that will benefit eligible blind and physically handicapped readers.

NFB-NEWSLINE, a service of the National Federation of the Blind (NFB), provides audio versions of daily newspapers through a toll-free telephone number. Bookshare.org, an online Web service, allows individuals to download more than 8,000 books in braille. It also provides the capacity for listening to books with the aid of synthetic speech software.

"NLS is expanding its services to readers by participating in cooperative technology initiatives, such as NFB-NEWSLINE and Bookshare.org," said NLS Director Frank Kurt Cylke.

NFB-NEWSLINE is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and is free to anyone in the United States who is eligible to receive services from NLS. Blind and physically handicapped individuals can register for NFB-NEWSLINE by completing an addendum sheet to the NLS application. Current patrons should notify their service library that they would like to subscribe to NFB-NEWSLINE.

Daily newspapers provided on NFB-NEWSLINE include "USA Today, the "Chicago Tribune," "New York Times," "Washington Post," "Los Angeles Times," and "Wall Street Journal." Readers are able to access these newspapers and dozens more; NFB-NEWSLINE's goal is eventually to provide at least two newspapers from each state. The service will also offer other information through menu selections,

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/new-inits.html (1 of 3) [4/30/2003 2:12:48 PM] 88 New from the NLS including agency announcements and library newsletters from around the country.

Bookshare.org launched its online service in mid-February, with an initial electronic collection of synthesized speech and braille library materials of more than 8,000 books for use by blind and physically handicapped individuals. Bookshare.org was developed by Benetech, a nonprofit enterprise in Palo Alto, Calif., with cooperation from the Association of American Publishers. According to Benetech Chief Executive Jim Fruchterman, "Bookshare.org is trying to make it no more difficult to get your hands on a book if you're a blind person than if you're a sighted person."

To be eligible to use Bookshare.org, individuals must submit proof of disability. NLS patrons will be able to access the low-cost site with their prior registration data. The set-up fee is $25 and the annual fee is $50. To prevent individuals from unauthorized sharing on the Internet, each book is encrypted and contains digital fingerprints. Benetech plans to add a few thousand books monthly to its database, which resides on a dedicated server.

Both of these telecommunications initiatives build on other electronic services offered by NLS. Since 1999, NLS has offered Web-Braille, an Internet service that provides electronic versions of recent braille books, braille magazines and musical scores. Currently more than 4,000 digital braille book files, 25 national magazines, 200 music scores, and five national sports schedules are available through a free online braille program that provides a direct channel for individuals, schools and libraries with Internet connections and braille output devices, such as braille embossers or refreshable braille displays.

For more information about the Bookshare.org program, visit the Benetech Web site at www.benetech.org or call (650) 475-5440. A demonstration of the service is available at www.bookshare.org/demo.

For more information about NFB-NEWSLINE, visit the NFB Web site at www.nfb.org or call (410) 659-9314.

For more information about Web-Braille, visit the NLS web site at www.loc.gov /nls or call (202) 707-5100; TDD: (202) 707-0744.

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March - April 2002 FLICC Forum 2002 Privacy and Information Concerns

BY ROBIN HATZIYANNIS CURRENT ISSUE

PREVIOUS NEXT Panelists gave their differing viewpoints of "Homeland Security: ARTtCLE ARTICLE Impact of Policy Changes on Government Information Access," the 'DOWNLOAD DPI theme of the 2002 Federal Library and Information Center Committee Forum, at the Library on March 19.

The forum also featured two keynote speakers, Rep. Thomas Davis (R-Va.) and Viet Dinh, assistant attorney general for the Office of Legal Policy in the Justice Department.

In his introductory remarks, Associate Librarian for Library Services Winston Tabb noted that, since September 11, government agencies have changed their Web sites, FOIA practices, access to their buildings, "and perhaps even their publishing practices" to tighten information security.

The USA Patriot Act modifies some of the privacy protections that limited use of personal information collected by the government. In addition, he said, "government leaders have supported greater scrutiny in the releasing of government information to the public, while acknowledging that information sharing within the government, among the various agencies, is of vital importance to the national security."

Tabb posed the pertinent question of the day: "How should federal libraries and information centers respond to these changes while continuing to fulfill their mission to provide quality information for the government and from the government?"

A morning panel on agency initiatives featured Patrice McDermott, assistant director, Office of Government Relations, American Library Association; Nancy Blair, chief librarian, U.S. Geological Survey 90 http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/flicc-forum.html (1 of 8) [4/30/2003 2:12:54 PM] _ FLICC Forum 2002 Library and U.S. Geological Survey Security Task Force; and W. Russell Neuman, senior policy analyst, Technology Division, Office of Science and Technology Policy, Executive Office of the President.

Patrice McDermott Formerly of OMB Watch, Patrice McDermott said she was encouraged that not all agencies had removed material from their Web sites and that only one item had been withdrawn from federal depository libraries. "The sky may be sagging badly in a few places, but it is not falling," she said. "We need to parse out our response carefully and thoughtfully."

She gave several examples of how abruptly access to information changed after last September and warned that "powerful industry forces have been trying for years to prevent public access to regulatory information they submit to agencies because it usually shows them in a bad light. The regulatory agencies were among the very first to take information down."

McDermott asked federal librarians to remember that although the public trusts the government to protect public interests, the public should hold the government accountable as well. "Who watches the watchers? Whose interests are being protected when information is withheld from the public?" she asked.

"The really scary part is that we don't know how much information has been removed. This stems from the vast amount of information available. If we had good inventories of Web sites, we would know what had been removed. But we do not have inventories of the information so we do not know if agencies have cataloged what is removed or if they are preserving it," she said.

"The events of September 11 have caused us to revisit some of our assumptions about openness and easy accessibility of government information. We need to hold our principles firmly in hand as we do that revisiting."

Nancy Blair Nancy Blair discussed press coverage that the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) received after withdrawing its CD-ROM title, "Source Area Characteristics of Large Public Surface-Water Supplies in the Conterminous United States: An Information Resource for Source-

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/flicc-forum.html (2 of 8) [4/30/2003 2:12:54 PM] 91 FLICC Forum 2002 Water Assessment, 1999," soon after September 11. She said this single publication received more attention than any other government Web site or report that was withdrawn as a security precaution. "When our CD-ROM title was removed from depository, the information content was not destroyed," she added.

Blair said USGS will not attempt to retrieve widely distributed documents, but will take into consideration new directives relating to security concerns before releasing new scientific information or updating old releases.

In early October, USGS set up an Operations Center for Homeland Security Activities to respond to the large number of inquiries being received. A USGS committee developed guidelines, "USGS Product Access and Distribution Guidance," by which scientific teams could evaluate releases of science information in the light of security concerns.

W. Russell Neuman Representing.the Bush administration's point of view, W. Russell Neuman said it was time to consider two slogans and two memos. He reminded the audience of the World War II adage "silence means security" and its corresponding phrase "loose lips sink ships." He then asked the audience to think about the slogan "information wants to be free."

"I want to ask you to think about the character of information during the Second World War and the issue of war on terrorism that characterizes the new world of today," Neuman said. "The irony of comparing 'silence means security' and 'information needs to be free' is important for us as we struggle with the balancing act of policies and procedures."

Neuman reported that the President's chief of staff, Andrew Card, soon will circulate a memo dealing with the specific issue of information related to weapons of mass destruction. The memo is intended to remind agencies of existing authority and policy already in place.

He said a second memo, expected in May, "will address the more difficult and nuanced subject of critical infrastructure protection. Here we need to address existing policy to see if is adequate to meet the http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/flicc-forum.html (3 of 8) [4/30/2003 2:12:54 PM] L92 FLICC Forum 2002 needs of security."

The afternoon panel featured June Daniels, senior systems analyst, Foreign Affairs Systems Integration Program, Department of State; Francis Buckley, superintendent of documents, Government Printing Office (GPO); and Kurt Molholm, administrator, Defense Technical Information Center. Photo by Robin Hatziyannis

June Daniels June Daniels described the State Department as "the department of diplomacy... so weguard our tongues at all levels."

She reported on the Overseas Presence Interagency Collaboration/KM System that she has helped develop to improve interagency communications. This project was launched in response to U.S. embassy bombings in August 1998, and it was accelerated by the events of September 11.

She said a State Department review of these terrorist attacks found that the lack of common interagency infrastructure made information exchange difficult. "September 11 has made us restrict information sharing with the public, but it has created a boon for sharing information between agencies," she said. All the agencies present overseas need to be able to work together, she added.

To enable overseas posts to send and receive the information they need to secure U.S. interests, the Overseas Presence Interagency Collaboration/KM System will integrate commercial, off-the-shelf- software and will include advanced search capabilities, Internet services, common directories, e-mail, and Web pages.

http://www.loc.govfloc/Icib/02034/flicc-forum.html (4 of 8) [4/30/2003 2:12:54 PM] D3 FLICC Forum 2002 Daniels said this project is "not about the technology but about cultural change. Knowledge management and knowledge sharing [represent] a cultural change at State. We need to get people to know that sharing information is real power and can help get work done," she said.

Francis Buckley Francis Buckley, who administers the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) and GPO Access, opened his remarks with a quotation from the 18th-century author and lexicographer, Samuel Johnson: "Integrity without knowledge is weak and useless, and knowledge without integrity is dangerous and dreadful."

Buckley said, "Without free access to knowledge, the integrity of our nation and its citizens would be 'weak and useless' indeed. However, recent events have demonstrated just how 'dangerous and dreadful' that same knowledge can be when it is not coupled with integrity."

He said GPO's continuing challenge is to be as inclusive as possible, to identify public-interest materials for publication by GPO or agency publishers, to provide bibliographic control for the materials, and to provide the publications to depository libraries for public access.

"Post 9-11, that mission has not changed, but agency sensitivity to what should be distributed to the public is heightening," he noted. "There are no specific guidelines or criteria to determine what nonclassified information the agency has published, or may publish in the future, in tangible or online formats, should be withheld from the public as administrative or official use only in the interest of national security," said Buckley.

Kurt Molholm Kurt Molholm said the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) is the central repository for defense acquisition, scientific, and technical information for bona fide users. "DTIC is DoD's [Department of Defense's] front door to information resources through the Internet, its door to controlled information resources through its Intranets, and its content repository and information processor," he said.

A registration process makes DoD's information release and dissemination process work efficiently, Molholm said. "Establishing an agreement before the fact on what information can be provided, and establishing accountability and authority for release speeds the

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/flicc-forum.html (5 of 8) [4/30/2003 2:12:54 PM] 94 FLICC Forum 2002 release process." In addition, each technical document receives a distribution statement that limits its distribution.

For electronic resources, DTIC has established the Lightweight Data Access Protocol (LDAP) and set up a Web-based registration system for users. "This system allows us to provide access to limited-access Web sites and reduce the burden on system administrators," said Molholm. "Because DTIC and others share the LDAP single-user database, content owners can manage user groups while users have just one password to access diverse Web sites."

In direct response to the events of last September, DTIC has acquired documents on homeland defense and topics related to the war on terrorism and identified pertinent older documents for digitizing. DTIC has also launched its Defend America and Current Focus Web sites, which are secure and accessible only to authorized users. Both offer authoritative information resources screened by subject matter experts and encrypted for transmission. "Current Focus has reduced thousands of unscreened materials to a selected few links and documents to provide users specialized information support service," said Molholm.

Peter Swire Peter Swire, a visiting professor of law at George Washington University Law School, examined "Changes in Privacy Policies in the Interest of National Security." He discussed his experience as President Clinton's chief counselor for privacy, 1999-2000, and reviewed privacy laws adopted since 1970.

"The first wave of privacy activity was in response to the rise of the mainframe computer," Swire said. "The Fair Credit Report Act and the Privacy Act of the 1970s were designed to develop fair information practices of notice, choice, access, security, and accountability." The second wave of activity resulted from having mainframe capabilities on a laptop or desktop computer along with the development of the Internet. "Data transfers are now free, instant and global. How do we respond to more databases and more transfers?" asked Swire.

He reviewed the Clinton administration's support of privacy policies to protect children and medical and financial data.

He also gave a detailed review of the history and current status of

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/flicc-forum.html (6 of 8) [4/30/2003 2:12:54 PM] 95 FLICC Forum 2002 wiretapping and surveillance laws. The Clinton administration had proposed updating these laws for the Internet age, and a 15-agency working group was discussing related issues. Then, in response to the events of September 11, the USA Patriot Act made sweeping changes.

Introduced less than a week after the attacks last fall, the new laws included nationwide "trap and trace" provisions that make one court order effective nationwide. Swire questioned the impact of these laws on the rights of privacy, including the privacy rights of library users.

He also looked at the new laws that allow law enforcement officers to "surf behind" an Internet user. Previously, an Internet service provider (ISP) could monitor its own system, but it could not invite law enforcement into the system to catch those involved in criminal acts. "The new laws allow the FBI to ask an ISP to invite it in and then camp at the ISP permanently," Swire said. "I am concerned that there was never a hearing on this matter in Congress. It also has no time limit and no reporting requirement."

A greater focus on cyber security since September 11 and the need to protect critical infrastructure have led to greater tolerance for surveillance. "Many people believe this is justified by greater risks," he said. But, he said, security and privacy can work together. "Good security protects information against unauthorized use, accounting becomes more obviously desirable, and a security system upgrade can be an upgrade for other requirements, like privacy, as well," he said.

Swire called the USA Patriot Act a work in progress. "Imagine an architecture that meets legitimate security needs and also respects privacy. Better data handling often results in both," he said.

He said the homework of federal librarians and information officers is "to get engaged, to study the pros and cons of the new provisions." He called for hearings that look both at new forms of accountability and how to stop potential abuses.

Ms. Hatziyannis is editor-in-chief at FLICC.

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March - April 2002 Law and the World Librarians, Lawyers Attend Legal Research Program

BY ANDREA MORRIS GRUHL CURRENT ISSUE

'PREVIOUS NEXT ARTDCLE ARTICLE Patrick Daillier of the University 100 VN LOAD PDF!' of Paris and Law Librarian of Congress Rubens Medina Photo by Andrea Morris Gruhl

More than 50 librarians and lawyers attended the Spring International Program on Legal Research that was held at the Library of Congress on March 4. With a theme of "Documents and Technological Resources on International Law," the program was sponsored by the District of Columbia Library Association (DCLA) in collaboration with the Special Library Association's D.C. Chapter; Law Librarians' Society of Washington, D.C.; American Society of International Law; and the Federal and Armed Forces Libraries Round Table of the American Library Association. Financial support came from corporate cosponsors West Group/Westlaw and ISI.

Law Librarian of Congress Rubens Medina spoke on "Legal Information in an International/Global Context." He discussed the Global Legal Information Network (GLIN), which was initiated by the Library in 1992. The Library provides legal, technical, administrative and network support for GLIN, and the Law Library contributes the laws of the United States and many other Spanish, Portuguese and French- speaking nations that are not yet participating in GLIN.

Medina explained that participation in GLIN is open to any government or jurisdictional authority. Currently, 15 jurisdictions participate in GLIN http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/intl-law.html (1 of 3) [4/30/2003 2:13:00 PM] J7 International Law

(Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador, Guatemala, Kuwait, Lithuania, Mexico, Paraguay, Romania, South Korea, Taiwan, Tunisia, Ukraine, United States, and Uruguay) and two international organizations, (MERCOSUR, a trade federation in South America, and the United Nations).

The World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank are other important GLIN partners that have helped recruit and support country membership. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has also provided GLIN with some important technical advice and assistance.

When complete, the Law Librarian stated, GLIN will include the full range of legal information such as statutes, regulations, codes, treaties, legislative records and judicial decisions, as well as opinions, scholarly sources, and commentariesall provided in digital format by member nations for inclusion in GLIN. Full texts in the original language are accessible through an English-language summary.

According to Medina, the Law Library of Congress made several important contributions by launching GLIN. It provided the basic conceptual framework that reflects its conviction that representative governments have the duty to disseminate laws to their citizens. It also offered a technological prototype comprising readily available hardware and software that is capable of capturing and preserving the format and content of the original statutory and regulatory instruments. Finally, the Law Library developed a set of guiding principles that set forth the rights and obligations of contributing member nations and established the basic cooperative character of the network.

The second speaker was Patrick Daillier, professor of law at the University of Paris and director of its Center for International Law. In his presentation titled "Electronic Tools and Documentation in International and European Community Law," he spoke of the need to build bridges between librarians, professors and legal researchers. Daillier believes this is important, not only for technical and financial reasons, but also to complement their differing professional skills and methodologies.

According to Daillier, Europeans have specific needs requiring intensive links between government databases and those of universities. European technological developments in digitization and http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/intl-law.html (2 of 3) [4/30/2003 2:13:00 PM] 9$ International Law in artificial intelligence software have special challenges due to linguistic, financial and technical reasons. For example, the European Union has 11 official languages, and individual countries generally cannot communicate multinationally using a common language. Quick, understandable access to all kinds of European law requires harmonization of laws by countries in the union. Few viable databases, the parochialism of the data, incompatible hardware and software platforms, and limitations of keyword searches are some impediments to wide use of documentary resources.

He also pointed out that establishing quality control of digital resources (e.g., integrity, authenticity, originality and confidentiality of data) poses more challenges than it does with paper-based information.

Daillier noted that one of the most rapidly expanding areas of international law is copyright law, which has a major impact on the kinds of information that may be available for free on the Internet and which may be available for a fee or on a limited basis. According to Daillier, paying for access to computerized legal regulations runs counter to European tradition.

"The free access to official information via electronic databases is the modern way of coming to city hall to read the official journal," he said. He concluded by demonstrating his forthcoming French CD-ROM "Thucydide," which is an annotated bibliography of international legal literature from the past 150 years with electronic links and bibliographic references. Its Help file provides key words in French, English and Spanish.

Ms. Gruhl is a government documents librarian and president- elect of the DCLA.

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March - April 2002 News from the Center for the Book New York, Iowa, New State Centers CURRENT ISSUE

PREVIOUS NEXT The Library of Congress recently approved the establishment of two ARTICLE ARTICLE new state centers that will be affiliated with its Center for the Book: DOWNLOAD pDF I New York and Iowa. Another new state center, Hawaii, hosted its opening events in early February.

State centers extend to the grass-roots level the national center's mission of stimulating public interest in books, reading, literacy and libraries. State affiliations are for three-year periods, and each center (which has to provide its own financial support) must apply for renewal every three years. The addition of New York and Iowa to the national Center for the Book's reading promotion network brings the total number of affiliated state centers to 46, plus the District of Columbia Center for the Book.

New York Director Dierdre Stam

New York Center for the Book The New York Center for Books and Reading will be hosted by the E.S. Bird Library at Syracuse University. Dierdre C. Stam, the director, has wide experience in computer networks and in working with art museums and other cultural institutions. Major resources and partners in the Syracuse area include the Onondaga County Public Library, various Syracuse University schools, and Laubach Literacy International, which is headquartered in Syracuse. Plans are developing for a New York City base which will include Syracuse Uni- versity's Lubin House, Columbia University Library, and other organizations.

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/cfb.html (1 of 4) [4/30/2003 2:13:07 PM] 100 News from the Center for the Book

According to Stam, the New York Center for Books and Reading will focus first on publicizing and supporting activities of other organizations, and second on initiating direct programming where the need exists. For information, contact Dierdre C. Stam, E.S. Bird Library, Syracuse University, 211 Waverly Ave., Syracuse, N.Y. 13244, telephone (315) 443-2598, e-mail: dcstam@aol.com. The center's Web site is www.newyorkbooks.orq.

Iowa first lady Christie Vilsack

Iowa Center for the Book The Iowa State Library in Des Moines will host the new Iowa Center for the Book. Its coordinator is Roy Kenagy, Information Services Manager at the Iowa State Library, who emphasized the project's cooperative nature when the new center was announced: "We will enlist many different people and groups, but we are especially pleased by the early commitment to our endeavor by the University of Iowa Center for the Book and our state humanities council, Humanities Iowa."

The center's advisory panel will include Iowa's first lady Christie Vilsack; state librarian Mary Wegner; Chris Rossi, executive director, Humanities Iowa; and Timothy Barrett, director, University of Iowa Center for the Book. Additional members will represent all geographic areas of the state and a cross-section of Iowa's "community of the book," from author to reader.

Roy Kenagy and Iowa State Librarian Mary Wegner. Iowa is the 46th state affiliate of the Center for the Book in the Library of Congress.

Initially the Iowa Center for the Book will focus on coordinating and expanding existing book and reading programs. It is assuming coordination .of Stories 2000, a multi-faceted literacy program established by Christie Vilsack. In partnership with Humanities Iowa, it will develop a Web-based events calendar, map, and directory of statewide book, reading and cultural events. It will http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/cfb.html (2 of 4) [4/30/2003 2:13:07 PM] 101 News from the Center for the Book work with the University of Iowa Center for the Book, which has a special strength in the book arts, to reach out to Iowa communities with presentations by book specialists in schools, colleges, public libraries, and adult education venues. It will initiate "All Iowa Reads," a statewide promotion effort that will highlight the state's 543 local public libraries as centers for reading in their communities.

For information about the Iowa Center for the Book, contact Roy Kenagy, Coordinator, State Library of Iowa, 1112 East Grand Avenue, Des Moines, Iowa 50319, telephone (515) 281-6789, fax (515) 281- 6191, e-mail: [email protected].

Center for the Book Director John Cole at the opening with former Hawaii first lady Lynne Waihee, a member of the new Hawaii Center for the Book's advisory board. Photo by Paul H. Mark

Hawaii Center for the Book Officially Opened The inaugural event of the Hawaii Center for the Book, held at the Hawaii State Library in Honolulu on Feb. 1, featured an Asian Lion Dance, a reception, and remarks from Caroline Spencer, director of the library and state center coordinator. Also in attendance were Hawaii's first lady Vicky Cayetano, the Hawaii Center for the Book's honorary chairperson and this writer. The colorful event, which included traditional Hawaiian music, dancing, and food, was followed in subsequent days by Hawaii Center for the Book events in Maui and Kauai. The Maui program, held on Feb. 4 at the Kahului Public Library, focused on Deborah lida, whose new book "Middle Son," is the centerpiece of the new "Maui County Reads" (Hawaii Center for the Book) book discussion project. In Kauai on Feb. 8, John Cole met at the Lihue Public Library with state librarian Virginia Lowell and Kauai librarians to talk about the Hawaii Center for the Book and potential projects that might take advantage of Hawaii's natural interest in oral history and language.

http://www.loc.gov/loc/Icib/02034/cfb.html (3 of 4) [4/30/2003 2:13:07 PM] 102 The LIBRARY of CONGRESS Information 1111 lietin Vol. 61, No. 5 May 2002

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"7""M1111111.111k met * 0 p The LIBRARY of CONGRESS Information Bulletin JAMES H. BILLINGTON Vol. 61, No. 5 May 2002 Librarian of Congress

On the Cover:Roger Stevens standing with his back to West 45th Street, one of the busiest theater streets in New York's Times Square district. Cover Story: A Library exhibition reviews the career and accomplishments of theater impresario Roger Lacey Stevens; also, a look behind the scenes at the exhibition. 79 Reenlisting the Laureate:Billy Collins has been appointed to a second term as Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry. 85 Gramophone Gems:A new collection online includes selections 90from the papers and recordings of Emile Berliner, pioneer in the development of recorded sound. 85 Homegrown Music:In cooperation with the Folklore Society of Greater Washington and the Kennedy Center, the American Folk life Center presents a series of outdoor concerts with a homespun feel. 86 Books, Books, Books:Several new publications have been released by the Library: a new guide to the Library's motion picture, broadcasting and recorded sound collections; a description of the Library's radio and television holdings; the first in a series of catalogs relating to the Library's rotating "World Treasures" exhibition; and a book of essays on books, libraries and publishing during the Cold War. 88 News from NLS:The National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped partnered in the development of a national standard for the Digital Talking Book. 93 Islamic Insight:Two prominent historians discussed 1,400 years 97 of Muslim civilization and history at the Library May 7. 94 Early Tolerance:A Library scholar discusses the relationship between America's founding fathers and the Muslim faith. 95 Response to Terrorism:New policies in the wake of September 11 were the subject of a recent Library of Congress symposium. 97 Hemings and Jefferson:A prominent genealogist discussed the children of Sally Hemings at the Library April 16. 98 Here Comes the Judge:The Law Library celebrated Law Day May 1 with a panel on the role of the American lawyer as judge. 100 98 News from the Center for the Book 102 The Library of Congress Information Bulletin (ISSN 0041-7904) is issued 11 times a year by the Public Affairs Office of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in the United States. It is also available on the World Wide Web at www.loc.gov/today. Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive the Bulletin on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library's Director for Acquisitions and Support Services, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. All other correspondence should be addressed to the Information Bulletin, Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-1610, e-mail [email protected]. HELEN DALRYMPLE,Editor JOHN H.SAYERS,Designer 100 AUDREY FISCHER,Assignment Editor

104 S Presenting a Stage for a Nation Exhibition Portrays Genius of Roger L. Stevens

BY WALTER ZVONCHENKO The career and accomplishments of Roger Lacey Stevens (1910-1998) give him a special place in the nation's history as one of the foremost cultural leaders of modern times. He was one of the nation's leading real estate entrepreneurs, theatrical producers and arts administrators and supported the production of plays and musical theater of the highest quality across America. He was the first chairman of the National Council on the Arts and of the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA), and he was the moving spirit behind the development of the monumental John E Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C. Stevens was also an active board member or trustee of leading cultural institutions such as the Metropolitan Opera, American Ballet Theatre and the National Book Association. Stevens' determination to enrich the arts in Amer- ica was matched only by the surpassing depth and breadth of his vision. In the 1990s, Stevens and his wife,Pictured with Roger Stevens (from left) in 1951 are Elmer Rice, John Christine Gesell Stevens, donated Ste- Wharton, Maxwell Anderson and Robert Sherwood, other members of vens' papers to the Library of Congress.the Playwrights' Company which formed to produce member plays. These form the basis for an exhibition documenting his life and career, "Rogerhimself as a major power in the theater, met producer Alfred De Liagre Jr. in the L. Stevens Presents: Stage for a Nation," active both in the United States andcourse of a trip to New York and put a on display in the South Gallery of thein Britain. The role of the producer insubstantial sum into De Liagre's pro- Thomas Jefferson Building's Great Hall American theatrical history is a majorduction of "The Madwoman of Chail- through Sept. 7. (A preview of thefactor in bringing plays to the stage,lot," based on a play by Jean Girau- exhibition is available on the Library'sbut it is not well understood by mostdoux, Stevens' favorite dramatist. De Web site at www.loc.gov/exhibits). Theof the theater-going public. The pro-Liagre later became one of Stevens' Library is grateful to Mrs. Stevens andducer is responsible for assembling alllongtime associates in stage presenta- their daughter, Mrs. Hugh Gough, forthe parts of the stage production: get-tion, working with Stevens on many their generosity in funding the exhi- ting the best possible theater, ensuringtheatrical ventures. Their associations bition and a catalog commemoratingthat the director has a cast that he orincluded "Deathtrap," a revival of Rod- Stevens' life and works. Items in theshe can work with, and seeing to itgers and Hammerstein's "On Your exhibition include photographs, videothat the necessary set, lighting and cos-Toes," and "The Golden Apple." footage,playbills,correspondence,tume arrangements are in place. There music scores, building and theatricalis always hope for financial gain, ofNew York City Theater designs, drawings and posters. The pri-course. But Stevens did not produce From his earliest undertakings in mary focus of the display is Stevens'plays for the money; he was in the the-professional theater, Stevens sought cultural achievements, particularly his ater business because he loved it. out associates and projects that would work as a theatrical producer, founder Stevensfirstbecamedirectlybring plays of unusually high quality of the Kennedy Center and foundinginvolved with the theater in his hometo the stage. While he had a sense of chairman of the NEA. state of Michigan; he supported thethe commercially viable, his primary Dramatic Guild of Detroit and a seriesinterest was in fostering the best in Early Years in Theater of drama festivals in Ann Arbor. Hisnew plays and in the great classics Roger Stevens began producingfirst presentation in New York wasof the stage. Stevens began producing plays on Broadway when he wasa 1949 production of Shakespeare'sin New York at the dawn of radical already a prominent figure in real "Twelfth Night," brought to Broadwaychanges in the American theater land- estate. He very quickly establishedfrom Ann Arbor. Even earlier, he hadscape. Around 1950, Broadway was

MAY 2002 79 105 still the dominant force in the world of IHI MAO INIMR( ,,non the stage. But theater in this country --TONIGHTE. 111010 LYN) was about to undergo vast expansion. While Broadway continued to play an 1111 FONTANNE Of/ important role, there was a movement toward regional theaters, with more 1.'hVisiI. involvement by not-for-profit theater organizations with new financing mechanisms. Stevens was active on all these frontsat the same time that he continued to be a major figure around the country in real estate investment.

It0/111111111 NINNY 1111141 Roger Stevens and Real Estate 1.0 MIA Stevens came to national attention as a realtor in 1951 when he engi- alC11 tal3V neered the purchase of the Empire OW as tszc.V.kn. RAWs) FitER State Building, then the world's tallest .ARTHUR TAURENTS ...LEONARD BERNSTEIN In IMF am waxknits EAT mg wan .(26 PIAUI structure, at a price said to be the high- ...STEPHEN SONDHEIM.TEONARD BERNSTEIN CAROL LAWRENCE riareniCimucan war rim eno TsiuT Pill 1 GS LARRY HEAT CHTrA RIVERA ART SMITH 'T-o Mickey CatnKen LeRoy est ever paid for a single building at the Lee BeckerOavii MotelTony MCsdente Eddie Rol time: $51.5 million. Stevens had begun sot JEROriBBILIS his career in real estate in his native nal stsr rtrirrr Detroit, becoming one of the two most famous men in the industry (alongA selection of the plays with which Roger Stevens was associated with William Zeckendorf), while still a as a producer relatively young man. During his years in Detroit, Stevensa single roof in Manhattan's Lincolnwere enthusiastic about the play, and joined with Alfred R. Glancy Jr. andSquare neighborhood as part of a rede-they brought it to New York. It opened Ben Tobin to acquire a 50-year-old com-velopment project. The Lincoln Centerat the Ethel Barrymore Theatre on Oct. pany called Realty Associates. They for the Performing Arts was ultimately24,1951, and was a smash hit, running merged this into a holding company,constructed just south of that site,for 632 performances. Glastest Corporation. From this camebut its final configuration no longer In the 1950s, Playwrights' had a Realty Associates Securities Corpo-included Stevens' six-theater project. number of other notable successes, ration, with properties that included some touching on controversial topics. Brooklyn's Paramount Theatre andPlaywrights' Company "Tea and Sympathy," a work by Robert substantial interests in the real estate On April 25, 1951, Roger Stevens wasAnderson, who became a member of firm of City Investing Company ofelected to full membership in the Play-the company, dealt with the subject of New York, where Stevens was onewrights' Producing Company Inc. Thehomosexuality. It is difficult to under- of the directors. City Investing had aNew York producing firm was estab-stand in 2002 just how shocking the financial stake in a number of theaterslished in 1938 by attorney John Eplay's subject and treatment, were to in New York City, and these figuredWharton and five of the nation's lead-audiences in 1953. HomoseXuality as a in Stevens' theatrical ventures. Stevensing playwrights: Robert Sherwood,topic, combined with the depiction of moved his offices to New York aroundSamuel Behrman, Elmer Rice, Sidneythe schoolmaster's wife's decision at the 1950, when he became more involvedHoward and Maxwell Anderson (seedrama's end to foster a young man's in theatrical production. photo, page 79). The original intent wassexual maturing by giving herself to Stevens was also a partner in ato create an organization that wouldhim, was bound to fire discussion. The number of large-scale redevelopmentgive member playwrights an opportu-play was turned down by a number projects intended to remake centralnity to produce their own works and toof producers. Playwrights' asked for areas of urban communities into supe-share more fully in the profits. Stevens'an option and went ahead with the rior living and/or working environ-immediate duties included function-production. In the out-of-town tryout ments. Among these were 28 acres ining as executive producer for two pro-period, there was considerable debate Boston's Copley Square district, a majorductions scheduled for the 1951-1952whether the final moment and its cur- tract in downtown Seattle, and housingseason: Maxwell Anderson's "Barefoottain line, now famous, should stand. in Southwest Washington, D.C. in Athens" and Robert E. Sherwood's Stand it did, and the play became a hit, Over time, Stevens' passion for the"Girls with Dogs." opening in New York at the Ethel Bar- theater was mirrored in his real estate Stevens wasted no time in becomingrymore Theatre on Sept. 30, 1953, with life. He was involved with a variety ofan active member. Soon after joiningDeborah Kerr as the wife of the school- projects in theatrical real estate, fore-Playwrights', he traveled to a summer master. Another success was Tennessee shadowing his role in the develop-theater in Falmouth, Mass., to seeWilliams' "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof," ment of Washington's John E Ken-a production of Jan de Hartog'swhich also dealt with homosexuality. nedy Center for the Performing Arts."The Fourposter," with Hume Cronyn In the course of his career, Stevens Around 1957, Stevens was involvedand Jessica Tandy. Stevens and Play-was connected with the presentation of with a plan to erect six theaters underwrights' colleague Robert Sherwood a number of high-comedy plays, includ-

80 p. INFORMATION BULLETIN ii 0

60 S in the new Producers Theatre and gained advantages for its productions BARBARA BARRY through the new firm. Producers The- atre began with $1 million in capital, BEL GEDDES NELSON with Whitehead as executive producer. EDWARD The group presented work of the highest quality as well as commercial vehicles.Its production of T. S. Eliot's JEAN KERR's wys comedy comedy, "The Confidential Clerk," brought the much-loved actress Ina Claire, famed for her brilliance in high 99 comedy, back to Broadway. "Confi- dential Clerk" opened at New York's eei KA9-11, DWI JU.RIED A. UAGRE. JA. ROGER L STEVENS Morosco Theatre, one of the City Invest- 51/440 J ing playhouses, in February 1954, but LEVIRPS it was not a financial success. DEATHTRAP Producers Theatre also presented JOHN CROMWELI the New York premiere of Eugene CARRIE NYE O'Neill's "A Touch of the Poet," with Setting by OMR SMITH AsSociala Reduces, lYN ANSON Helen Hayes, Kim Stanley and Eric Costume, by MI VALIA/Cb Lighting by RC01017X Portman. It opened at the newly -,JOSEPH ANTHONY renamedHelenHayes(formerly "BROADWAY'S BRIGHTEST, WITTIEST PLAY" Fulton) Theatre in 1958. Stevens had t!RIVEK11)417.74qvvnsagrff?.--- earlier contributed financial support to an O'Neill production at Circle in the ing works by Somerset Maugham, Wil-the renowned actor/director. AudreySquare, one of the early off-Broadway liam Douglas Home, A. R. GurneyHepburn starred as the water spritegroups noted for superior work, and and Enid Bagnold. With the death ofwho falls in love with a human, ahe played a role in presenting O'Neill Philip Barry in 1949, S. N. Behrmanknight played by Mel Ferrer. "Ondine"vehicles in years to come. and Samuel Taylor were perhaps theopened at the 46th Street Theatre in A number of other plays from noted best-known American dramatists writ- New York on Feb.18, 1954. The pro-writers came to New York via Produc- ing high comedy. During the Stevensduction did well so long as Hepburners Theatre. These included Anouilh's years, Playwrights' had two hits writ-remained in the starring role, achiev-"The Waltz of the Toreadors"; Ter- ten by Taylor: "Sabrina Fair," with a casting 117 performances before she with-rence Rattigan's "Separate Tables" that included Margaret Sullavan, Josephdrew. and "The Sleeping Prince;" and Fried- Cotten and Cathleen Nesbitt in 1953; The Playwrights' Company dis-rich Duerrenmatt's "The Visit," which and, in 1958, "The Pleasure of His Com-solved in 1960. Its last venture was aopened at New York's Lunt-Fontanne pany," coproduced with Frederick Bris-play that was a special favorite of Ste-Theatre in May 1958 with the legend- son, with Cornelia Otis Skinner andvens, Gore Vidal's "The Best Man," aary acting couple, Alfred Lunt and Cyril Ritchard in the leading roles. political drama that has been revived Lynn Fontanne. The Playwrights' Company was alsorecently to critical acclaim. "The Visit" was one of the most responsible for production of signifi- astonishing and powerful plays of cant European writers. In 1954, StevensProducers Theatre modern time. The story of an old wom- told director Albert Marre that he would In 1953 Stevens and Robert White-an's relentless search for revenge for ensure the production of a play thathead, who was a leading New Yorkwrongs done to her as a young girl, it Mane chose. The next year Marreproducer with some estimable produc-was directed in New York and London brought him a script for 'Time Remem- tions to his credit, formed the produc-by Peter Brook. After Lunt and Fon- bered," a version of Jean Anouilh'sing firm of Whitehead-Stevens, whichtanne refused to do it in New York comedy "Leocadia." Anouilh's workthen joined with the business firm Cityunder the auspices of the Theatre was little-known at the time in theIrivesting Inc. to form Producers The-Guild, Stevens acquired the rights and United States, but Stevens kept hisatre. Robert Dowling was presidenttried to interest them again, but the word. The play had originally beenof City Investing Inc. City Investingcouple refused. Eventually, however, scheduled for production in 1955, butowned three of New York's playhousesLunt and Fontanne did "The Visit" in casting problems set it back consider-outrightthe Fulton, Morosco andEngland for the powerful West End ably. Stevens was tenacious, and "TimeCoronetpart of another, and held a producer Hugh Beaumont and Stevens Remembered" was a critical success,lease on a fifth. City Playhouses Inc.,was able to bring the play to New York, with a cast that included Helen Hayes,a subsidiary of City Investing, man-where it became a great critical success. Richard Burton and Susan Strasberg,aged all five, as well as the AmericanAfter a run in New York, it toured, then and lavish sets by Oliver Smith. NationalTheatreandAcademycame back to New York for a brief run "Ondine," a play by Stevens' great(ANTA) on which City Investing held at New York's City Center. Its final cur- favorite Jean Giraudoux, was directeda mortgage. Producers Theatre madetain brought the active presenting life for. Playwrights' by Alfred Lunt. Thisheavy use of City Investing's theaters. of Producers Theatre to a close. was Stevens' first association with The Playwrights' Company invested

MAY 2002 81 10 7 EST cQ?Y AVAVIABILF, . 0

o. S Off-Broadway So Sad," was first presented in Newman. The play received ecstatic notices During the 1950s, the movement ofYork at the Phoenix Theatre (in anotherand soon moved to Broadway. American theater beyond Broadway space which was on East 74th Street) The Theatre Program also provided became ever more evident. Roger Ste-by arrangement with Stevens in Feb-support for professional nonprofit vens was an early participant in theruary 1962; it was directed by Jerometheaters. This support began mod- broadening of the theater beyondRobbins. It subsequently had a run onestly with grants made to a small Times Square. Together with Norris Broadway at the Morosco Theatre. number of regional theaters; much Houghton and T. Edward Hambleton, Stevens also helped support pro-broader assistance was provided in Stevens was a backer of the Phoenixductions of the Circle in the Square,later years. Thus, the NEA was in Theatre, one of the first successful ven- which became one of the most impor-the forefront of the broad movement tures in the history of what becametant theaters in off-Broadway history.that saw increasing growth in inde- known as off-Broadway. Begun inHe became head of the Actors' Studiopendent regional theatersa trend, 1953 with $125,000, Phoenix was toTheatre, another mainstay of the Newwhich, over the years, led to their present an entire season of severalYork theater scene, and was a found-becoming as vital a force in American plays. Stevens offered to help financeing member of the American Shake-theater as Broadway. the venture. speare Festival in Stratford, Conn. One of the earliest regional theaters John La touche had written the to establish a reputation for general libretto for a musical based on Homer,National Endowment for the Arts excellence was the Tyrone Guthrie set in the state of Washington at the Roger Stevens had long been activeTheatre in Minneapolis. It became the end of the 19th century. "The Goldenin the Democratic Party. He sup-first regional theater company to bring Apple" opened at the Phoenix onported Adlai Stevenson in his bidsplays to New York. The NEA pro- lower Second Avenue on March 11,for the presidential nomination andvided $75,000 to help finance a tour in 1954, to mostly enthusiastic notices.became the party's finance chairman1968-69 of two Guthrie productions Done entirely in song composed by in 1958. In 1961, President John F. Ken- "The House of Atreus," adapted from Jerome Moross, the musical receivednedy asked Stevens to become chair-the "Oresteia" of Aeschylus and Ber- the Drama Critics Circle Award forman of the National Cultural Center,tolt Brecht's "Arturo UPto New best musical of the 1953-54 season andthe performing arts complex beingYork and Los Angeles. subsequently transferred uptown toplanned for Washington D.C. Stevens Other regional theater companies the Alvin Theatre. headed the efforts to raise funds forwere able to come to New York as a The Phoenix was home to many nota-the project. result of another mechanism put in ble productions. The first season began After the assassination of Presidentplace by Stevens. As he was leaving with a revival of Maxwell Anderson'sKennedy, President Johnson signedthe NEA in 1969, Stevens turned his comedy "Madam, Will You Walk,"legislation naming the National Cul-attention to restructuring the Amer- with Hume Cronyn and Jessica Tandy.tural Center in honor of the late presi-ican National Theatre and Academy Then came Shakespeare's "Coriola-dent. And on April 16, 1964, President (ANTA) with which he had been asso- nus," staged by John Houseman. AfterJohnson announced the appointmentciated frequently since the early 1950s. "The Golden Apple" came Chekhov'sof Stevens as his advisor on the arts. InHe devised a plan with two objectives: "Seagull," with Montgomery Clift asFebruary 1965, Johnson made appoint-to give assistance to ANTA, which did Konstantin. ments to the new National Councilnot have a large cash reserve; and to In 1957, after the Phoenix had loston the Arts and named Roger Stevensencourage regional theaters that had considerably more money than itschairman. Members included com-received support from NEA to bring original capitalization, its financialposer Leonard Bernstein, actor Greg-their productions to New York. NEA administration was assumed by The-ory Peck, violinist Isaac Stern, scenicgranted ANTA $438,000 to retire the atre Inc., a non-profit producing orga-designer and producer Oliver Smith, mortgage on the ANTA Theatre, which nization that had been inactive forand Anthony Bliss, president of thewas then donated to the Endowment. some years. Roger Stevens became theMetropolitan Opera. In SeptemberThen, NEA funds were made available president of a new board, with Ham-1965, Stevens became director of theto plan a first season of regional theater bleton and Houghton continuing asnew National Endowment for the Artspresentations in the ANTA Theatre. board members and managing direc- (NEA). The ANTA board was reconstituted to tors. The reorganized company's first The NEA first received funding ininclude members from regional theater presentation in October 1957 starred 1965. One of the original departmentsas well as from the mainstream Broad- Eva Le Gallienne and Irene Worth increated within the endowment wasway community. Producer Jean Dal- Schiller's "Mary Stuart," under thethe Theatre Program, which quicklyrymple administered the overall oper- direction of Tyrone Guthrie. began to support new playwrightsation, and Alfred De Liagre Jr.,a The career of the young playwrightthrough its Playwrights Experimen-longtime producer and associate of Arthur Kopit was given a consider-tal Theatre project. One of the playsStevens, put the actual theater season able boost by presentations of his playsthat emerged from that project wastogether. The season included produc- at the Phoenix. Stevens had encour-Howard Sackler 's "The Great Whitetions of Edward Albee's "Tiny Alice" aged Kopit and was connected with hisHope," which premiered at Washing-and Feydeau's "A Flea in her Ear," career in the years to follow. Kopit'ston's Arena Stage in1967, with Jamesdirected by Gower Champion, both play, "Oh, Dad, Poor Dad, Mama'sEarl Jones as the boxer, Jack Jefferson,from San Francisco's American Con- Hung You in the Closet and I'm Fee lin' and Jane Alexander as Eleanor Bach-servatory Theatre, as well as "Henry

82 INFORMATION BULLETIN 1 0 V V" from the American Shake- speare Theatre. In addition to contributions from the regional theaters, other presentations included "Harvey," under the banner of New York's Phoenix Theatre, with Helen Hayes and James Stewart; and a production of "Our Town," which De Liagre had presented with Henry Fonda at the Plumstead Play- house. While the latter two productions did well at ANTA, response to the rest of the season was disappointing, and the venture came to an end. Although the ANTA experiment was not ultimately successful, it was one more indi- cation of Stevens' earnest wish to try to provide an administrative and financially sound base for the presentation of high quality theater, and to encourage broad-based production across the nation.

The John F. Kennedy Architect Edward Durrell Stone shows President Kennedy and Roger Stevens Center for the Performing (far left) a model of what was then to be called the National Cultural Center, Arts Oct. 8, 1963. The gathering occurred just prior to a meeting of the President's Following his appointmentBusiness Committee for the National Cultural Center. Stevens was appointed by President Kennedy as chair-chair of what became the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, and man of the National Culturalserved as chairman of the National Council on the Arts. Center, Stevens vigorously pursued the fundraising necessary for theof conflict of interest. He resumed The Legacy of Roger Lacey construction of the vast edifice. Theproducing plays in 1969 when he leftStevens John F. Kennedy Center for the Per-the NEA. He continued to present Stevens did a great deal over the forming Arts became one of Stevens'at the Kennedy Center a wide mixyears to promote plays he thought greatest accomplishments in enrichingof new plays, classics and popularrepresented something fine in the the cultural life of the nation. dramas. theater. A large percentage of these The Kennedy Center opened on Sept. In his later years, Stevens neverwere financially unrewarding, but 8, 1971, with the world premiere ofstopped planning for the future. HeStevens gave the public a rare oppor- "Mass," specially commissioned frompursued his dream of creating conser-tunity, if they cared to take advan- Leonard Bernstein. Presented in thevatories for music and drama as parttage of it, to see remarkable produc- Opera House, it was later dedicated toof the Kennedy Center, a dream which tions. Stevens' commercial sense led Stevens. Stevens served as chairman ofhas yet to be realized. In the 1980s,to the presentation of a number of the Kennedy Center until he becamehe fostered more than one effort toplays that did very well indeed, pro- Founding Chairman in 1988; he main-establish a national theater at the Ken-moting attendance in theater, and tained an office at the center until hisnedy Center. One of these projects wasperhaps helping to fund his continu- death in 1998. headed by the imaginative and oftening efforts to produce other less pop- The Kennedy Center has been hostcontroversial director, Peter Sellars.ular works. Stevens' superb sense of to an enormous variety of presenta-Stevens was always on the alert for thetheater and of the subtleties of orga- tions of plays and world-class orches-new and exciting in all of the arts. He nization served the nation well. He tras, dance and opera companies organized the Fund for New Americanjoins the thin ranks of those produc- during its three decades of opera-Plays, and he remained active as a pro-ers in American theater history who tion. Not surprisingly, many of theducer, presenting plays and winningdedicated themselves to giving the plays were produced in associationa Tony Award for his part in the 1993public the very best. with Stevens. After his appointmentrevival of "She Loves Me," with music as NEA chair, Stevens put aside playby Jerry Bock and lyrics by Sheldon Walter Zvonchenko is a theater specialist production to avoid any suggestionHarnick. in the Music Division.

MAY 2002 83 109 a OF

a A Visit with the Curator Behind the Scenes at the Roger Stevens Exhibition

BY GAIL FINEBERG A quick visit to the exhibition with its curator is an encounter with the genius of Roger Stevensproducer, dealmaker, and founding chairman of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Per- forming Artscolored by the passion of a librarian for his subject. Asked to discuss his favorite items in "Roger L. Stevens Presents," curator Walter Zvonchenko, theater specialist for the Music Division, headed straight for a giant collage of 100 playbills that Christine Stevens had assembled for her husband to hang in his new office at the Kennedy Center in 1971. With alibrarian's penchant for details, Zvonchenko noted that the arrangement of the playbills in the display at the Library does not match exactly the collage pictured in a nearby photograph of Stevens at his Kennedy Travis Fullerton Center desk. After Stevens died in 1998, The Roger Stevens exhibition now ondisplay at the Library of Congress the Kennedy Center delivered the collage to the Library. Conservation Divi-plays and musicals during the 1950smanaging so many different projects sion staff took steps to preserve the and '60s. simultaneously,"Zvonchenkosaid. playbills, encasing each one in Mylar Stevens had such a good eye for"While managing his business, he was and, under the watchful eye of Mrs. Ste- literature that he did not hesitate to producing some of America's finest plays vens, reassembling them in a slightlypromote works whose potential forin New York and Washington, introduc- different pattern than in the original.financial success may have been prob-ing them to Europe, bringing London The collage will eventually grace a walllematic. "Roger Stevens had a passionplays here, and supporting theater in in the Music Division's reading room. for the theater, and he had a passion other American cities. He was traveling Pointing to bills for plays whosefor quality," Zvonchenko said, notingto Washington to take on the National authors, producers, directors, casts,as examples, Stevens' support of "PeerCultural Center, which was to be a center opening dates, and theaters he knowsGynt" by Henrik Ibsen (1951), "The not only for theater and music but also by heart, Zvonchenko traced Stevens' Confidential Clerk" by T.S. Eliot (1954),for education and outreach." early involvement with the theater. "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof" by Tennessee Zvonchenko paused beside a draw- He pointed out a huge orange poster Williams (1955), and Swiss playwrighting depicting architect Edward Durrell advertising the 1948 production of "The Friedrich Duerrenmatt's "The Visit"Stone's 1959 conception of a National Madwoman of Chaillot," in which Ste-(1958). His 13 productions on Broad-Cultural Center on the Potomac River. vens made one of his first major invest- way in 1957 included "West SideVisiting dignitaries would be brought ments. An adaptation from a play forStory," with music by Leonard Bern-up the river by motor launch from the French stage by Jean Giraudoux, stein. The exhibition includes the com-National Airport to an elegant, domed the show was a highlight of the 1948-49poser's holograph score for the memo-edifice housing a large theater, opera Broadway season. rable song, "Tonight." house, concert hall, and two smaller the- Moving through the gallery of some During a period of 40 years, Stevensaters. Visitors would step onto a broad 120 performance photographs, theaterproduced more than 200 plays andpromenade curving into the river on posters, music manuscripts, color ren-musicals, all the while brokering hugethe west side and depart by way of derings of set designs, letters, and otherreal estate developments from Bostona long circular drive on the east side. items from the Library's collections to Seattle, serving as finance chairman That design never materialized. "Money as well as from the Kennedy Centerfor the National Democratic Party andwas always the biggest problem," said archives, Zvonchenko discussed Ste-founding chairman of the NationalMartha Hopkins of the Interpretive Pro- vens'associations with thePlay-Endowment for the Arts, and guidinggrams Office, who, with Zvonchenko, wrights' Company, the Producers The-the Kennedy Center into existence. selected items for exhibition and wrote atre, and several individuals with "Perhaps the most incredible thingthe item labels. whom he produced more than 100about Roger Stevens was his genius for continued on page 87

84 INFORMATION BULLETIN o S? 0

,fric. 1 .. S Billy Collins Reappointed Poet Laureate Tapped for Second Term

of Congress of Pittsburgh Press, LJamesH. Billington 1998); "The Art of has appointed Billy Col- Drowning" (1995), lins to serve a second POE which was a Lenore term as the Library's Marshall Poetry Poet Laureate Consul- Prize finalist; "Ques- tant in Poetry. tions About Angels" ThePoetLaureate TRY (1991), a National concluded the 2001-2002 Poetry Series selec- literary season on May 8 tionbyEdward with a lecture on "Hedo- Hirsch; "The Apple nism and the Pleasures 180 That Astonished of Poetry." Paris" (1988); "Video Poems" (1980); and "Poker- His "Poetry 180" face" (1977). program,available His honors include fellowships from the on the Library's Web New York Foundation for the Arts, the site at www.loc.gov/ National Endowment for the Arts and the poetry/180, has been Guggenheim Foundation. He has also been greeted with great awarded the Oscar Blumenthal Prize, the Bess enthusiasmacross Hokin Prize, the Frederick Bock Prize, and the the country. He con- Levinson Prize, all awarded by Poetry maga- ceived the Web site Poet Laureate Billy Collins zine. to make it easy for He is distinguished professor of English students to hear or read a poem each day of the approximately 180at Lehman College, City University of New days of the school year, hence the name of the site. He selected theYork, where he has taught for the past 30 poems with high school students in mind. years. He is also a writer-in-residence at Collins' books of poetry include a volume of new and selectedSarah Lawrence University, and he has served poems, "Sailing Alone Around the Room," which was published as a Literary Lion of the New York Public by Random House last September; "Picnic, Lightning" (UniversityLibrary. Early Days of Recording Recording Industry Collection Debuts

// U mile Berliner and the Birth of the Recording Industry" IL has been added to the Library's American Memory Web site at www.loc.gov. This latest addition is a selection of more than 400 items from the Emile Berliner Papers and 108 Berliner sound arldushrw recordings from the Library's Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division. Berliner (1851-1929), an & immigrant and largely self-educated man, was responsible A M ()Pli ONE M.. ; :r.1 (..1 ,10, for the development of the microphone, the flat recording rob's.. If. 1Vh,Os!. 1$15. disc and gramophone player. dim& rittisittLal Although the focus of this online collection is the gramophone and its recordings, it also includes much evidence of Berliner's other interests, such as information on his various businesses, crusades for public health issues, philanthropy, musical composition and even his poetry. Spanning the years 1870 to1956, the collection includes correspondence, articles, lectures, speeches, scrapbooks, photographs, catalogs, clippings, experiment notes and rare sound recordings. The American Memory site offers approximately 100 collections comprising more than 7.5 million items.

BEST COPY AVAILABLIF, MAY 2002 85 `Homegrown' NEA Heritage Fellow Opens New Concert Series

By JAMES HARDIN C-- uitarist Eddie Pennington and his A'It! Impon . 11' KE Ric Milfr k_Ifson Alonzo, Linda and David Lay ONIX8irw.le(C4llc. , 0 0 0 of the Appalachian Trail Band, and .1 1;1 David McLaughlin were the first performers in a new series of outdoor concerts presented by the American Folk life Center on April 24. The concert was held in cooperation with the Folklore Society of Greater Washing- ton and the Kennedy Center's Millen- nium Stage, and with the assistance of state folklorists from around the nation. Tourists, Library and congressional employees, and other Capitol Hill workers and visitors sat on the steps of the Library's Thomas Jefferson Build- ing in front of Neptune Plaza to enjoy the hour of "homegrown" music. On hand to introduce the artists was James Hardin the Kentucky state folklorist Bob Eddie Pennington, Alonzo Pennington, Linda Lay, and David McLaugh- Gates. Rep. Ed Whitfield (R-Ky.) alsolin, on the Library's Neptune Plaza for the opening of the center's new attended. concert series "Homegrown 2002: the Music of America." Pennington began with virtuoso solo performances of "Guitar Rag" The "Homegrown" concerts willstitution Hall at an Inaugural Gala and "Mose's Blues" and was thenbe audio- and video-taped and pho-under the sponsorship of first lady joined by his son for duet renditionstographed, and the documentationEleanor Roosevelt. of "Nine-Pound Hammer," "Chickenadded to the center's Archive of Folk In 1948, folksong collector Helen Reel," and "Preacher and the Bear."Culture. The concerts will be broad-Hartness Flanders, wife of Vermont TheyoungerPennington'sowncast at a later time on "Traditions,"senator Ralph Flanders, presented a remarkableperformancedemon-hosted by Mary Cliff, on Washington-lecture and concert of New England strated the folk process of passing on area WETA 90.9 FM, an NPR affiliate. ballads with three New England folk- one's skills to the next generation. Diane Kresh, director, Public Servicesingers, again in the Coolidge. A folk Linda and David Lay and DavidCollections, helped launch the newmusic concert, Sept. 23,1976, on McLaughlin, Pennington's old friendsseries, which revives the tradition ofthe Library's Neptune Plaza, featur- from the National Council for thesummer events on the Neptune Plaza.ing "Big Chief" Ellis, John Cephas, Traditional Arts (NCTA) Masters of"Folk life is about community," sheand Phil Wiggins, celebrated the U.S. the Steel String Guitar Tour, then said, "and the American Folk life CenterBicentennial and the opening of the charmed the audience with renditionsis devoted to preserving the ties thatfront doors to the Thomas Jefferson of "Angel Band," "I'll See You in Mybind us together so that future gener-Building. The success of that event Dreams," and "I'll Fly Away," amongations will know us as we are today.led to the "Neptune Plaza Concert others. Folk life connects human beings of allSeries," sponsored by the newly cre- The center's new series, "Home-races, religions and ages. I can thinkated American Folklife Center and, grown: The Music of America," will of no better way for the Library to cel-initially, with the assistance of the present traditional music and danceebrate the center's role in preservingNCTA. The series lasted for 19 years from communities across the Unitedand presenting folk culture than byand included a culturally diverse States throughout the summer. "Wesponsoring these outdoor concerts." range of performers, such as Andean are working with federal and state The Library of Congress has a his- singers; Egyptian, flamenco, Polish, folklorists, and other professionalstory of presenting folk music concertsand Hungarian dancers; blues guitar- from associated fields, to identify per-that dates to Dec. 20, 1940, when Alanists; African drummers and African forming groups noted for their excel-Lomax arranged for a Coolidge Audi- American dancers and singers; and lence in presenting authentic commu-torium performance of the Goldenbands representing Cajun, zydeco, nity-based musical traditions," saidGate Quartet, with Josh White onklezmer, Indonesian, Puerto Rican, Peggy Bulger, director of the Ameri-guitar. A month later, in JanuaryCuban, Swiss, Irish, and many other can Folk life Center. 1941, the quartet appeared at Con-cultural traditions.

86 112 INFORMATION BULLETIN 0

a 5 Recently, folk performers have been included in the celebrations for the centennial of the Jefferson Building (1997) and the 200th anniversary of the Library of Congress (2000). The "Homegrown Concert Series" this summer will be conducted in cooperation with the Millennium Stage at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. Folk groups will appear at the

Library of Congress at noon Lbsohn-Ehrenberg and again, at 6 p.m., at theThe Golden Gate Quartet was featured in Kennedy Center. Time magazine after their appearance in Washington, D.C., Jan. 27, 1941; monks Homegrown Concert from the Drepung Loseling Monastery in Series Tibet performed sacred music and dance May 15: Yuqin Wang andon April 21, 1994. Zhengli"Rocky" Xu are extraordinary Chinese rod puppe- July 24: Chuck Brown is a Wash-N.Y., and their lead singer, Katie Jack- teers, originally from Beijing, whoington, D.C.-area institution and theson, lives in Baltimore. now live in the Portland, Ore., area.father and inventor of the regional Sept. 19: A concert featuring a Chinese rod puppetry is an ancientmusical style known as "go-go," whichNational Endowment for the Arts traditional art form dating back moreswept the area in the 1970s. BrownHeritage Fellow for 2002 will be than a millennium. Many of the fea-will lead an eight-piece band for theannounced later. tured stories also have ancient origins. "Homegrown" concert. One of D.C.'s Oct. 8: Bob McQuillen, the dean of Wang and Xu have performed all overmany folklorists with expertise inNew England contra-dance musicians, the United States since coming to thisthis musical form will introduce andwill bring his group "Old New Eng- country in 1996. Nancy Nusz, directorexplain the traditions of "go-go." land" from New Hampshire to play a of the Oregon Folklife Program, will Aug. 28: The Campbell Brotherstraditional dance on the Neptune Plaza. introduce and interview them. present Sacred Steel, African AmericanMcQuillen has been playing accordion June 5: The Blind Boys of Alabama, gospel music with electric steel guitarand piano and writing tunes for more featuring lead singer Clarence Foun-and vocal. This tradition is just nowthan 50 years. He is the acknowledged tain, formed as a group in 1937 atemerging from the House of God Keithmaster of this venerable genre and has the Talladega Institute for the DeafDominion Church, where for moreled countless groups during his long and Blind. Today the group performsthan 60 years it has been an integralcareer. Lynn Martin, New Hampshire throughout the United States andpart of worship. The tradition has itsFolklife Program Director, will intro- around the world. Their recent CDroots in Florida, where folklorist Bobduce the group. "Spirit of the Century" won the 2002 Stone of the Florida Folklife Program Grammy Award for Best Traditionalhas brought it to national attention,James Hardin is the editor at the Library's Soul Gospel Album. This performanceand it is now spreading throughoutAmerican Folklife Center. The National is sponsored by the Music Divisionthe country. The Campbell Brothers, Council for the Traditional Arts also and is part of the Library of CongressChuck and Darick, are from Rochester, contributed to this article. program "I Hear America Singing." June 19: Karl and the Country Dutchmen, from Trempealeau, Wis., Curator Story, and specially Mass/I thank- are one of the country's finest German continued from page 84 fully raise this loving glass." Zvonchenko and Hopkins initially "Dutchman" polka bands. Led by Karl Exhibition photographs documentselected some 400 items from the Hartwich on accordion and concer- the Sept. 8, 1971, opening of the tina, the band, with its thumping tuba Library's Roger L. Stevens collection Kennedy Center, for which Leonardthat document Broadway's heyday. marking the beat, plays to packed Bernstein was commissioned to com- dance halls throughout the Midwest. "This is a very rich collection," Hop- Karl has also played at the National pose "Mass" in memory of the assas- kins said. "We hope it will become Folk Festival in Lowell, Mass., the sinated president. One of the exhibi-more widely known because of this tion items is a 1985 birthday toast that exhibition, and that scholars will Smithsonian Folklife Festival in Wash- Bernstein penned on a sheet of Water- ington, D.C., and on Garrison Keillor's come to use it." "Prairie Home Companion" radio gate Hotel stationery: "Thank you, Roger, for all you've done/For all of Gail Fineberg is the editor of the Library's show. Wisconsin Folk Arts Program usand me, for one; /Like West Side director Richard March will introduce staff newspaper, The Gazette. this band. MAY 2002 113 87 Guide to Motion Picture, Broadcasting, Recorded Sound

BY ALAN GEVINSON early silent films deposited still imagesand television soundtracks dating from //Motion Pictures, Broadcasting, developed on paper prints in order to1935 to 1971, the Library's NBC Col- Recorded Sound: An Illus-register their product. There was nolection comprises the most comprehen- trated Guide" is the latest colorfulprovision in the copyright law at thatsive, publicly available broadcasting guide to the Library's multi-format col-time to protect the new medium ofarchives in the United States. The Mary lections published by the Library offilm. A half-century later, the LibraryMargaret McBride Collection features Congress. collaborated in a project to restore these more than 1,100 hours of McBride's "The rich collections of the Library priceless stills to their original exis- weekday talk shows, a pioneering mix- of Congress Motion Picture, Broad-tence as moving picture films. Today,ture of interviews, advice, and product casting, and Recorded Sound Divisionthe MBRS Paper Print Collection con- plugging that attracted an average of (MBRS) document the past 100 yearsstitutes the world's largest and mostsix million listeners daily. The Library's the audiovisual century, the first cen-comprehensive source of Americanlargest collection of major studio films, tury to be recorded by sound andmovies from the early silent era. that of Columbia pictures, comprises moving images," writes David Francis, MBRS is the home of many collec-more than 4,000 features and shorts. former MBRS chief, in the guide's intro-tions of note from the silent film era.And the United Artists Collection duction. "Thanks to recorded sound The Theodore Roosevelt Collection, forof some 3,000 Warner Brothers films and moving images, our times willexample, documents the activities ofincludes features, shorts and cartoons be better known and understood than the first president whose life was exten- produced prior to 1949. preceding centuries." sively preserved on film. The divi- MBRS has also gathered a sizeable The guide surveys the highlights ofsion's holdings also include the col-number of non-studio films from this the vast collections of MBRS through alection of the most famous film starperiod. The Library's collections are chronological narrative of audiovisual, of her time, Mary Pickford, "Ameri-particularly strong in African-Amer- technological, business, and artistic devel- ca's Sweetheart." Pickford at one timeican films and in Yiddish-language opments. It also chronicles the Library's vowed to destroy her early films, judg- films made in America. The division developing role in acquiring, preserving, ing some of them "ridiculous," but,has collected an extensive amount of and disseminating these materials. fortunately for future generations, herdocumentary film, including footage friend and fellow actress Lillian Gishfrom ethnographic expeditions under- Early Days convinced her that "they would betaken by Margaret Mead and Gregory The story begins in the 1880s in thestudied and appreciated in time." InBateson; films and raw footage from the nation's capital, then on the verge oflater years, Pickford gratefully saidradical Workers Film & Photo League; becoming "the scientific center of theof the Library's preservation efforts,manuscript material, stills, and films world," in the words of C. Francis Jen- "Without you, many of my films wouldfrom Pare Lorentz, the premier U.S. kins, co-inventor with fellow Wash- have turned to dust." government filmmaker of the 1930s; ingtonian, Thomas Armat, of the first and footage shot by noted novelist, motion picture projector. ScientistsBetween the Wars folklorist, and anthropologist Zora and businessmen in town sought to The decade of the 1920s saw a deci-Neale Hurston. discover ways to transform soundssive transformation in popular com- and images into reproducible materialmercial entertainment. The technol- World War II Era forms. Emile Berliner, creator of theogy developed during World War I When he assumed leadership of the microphone, flat recording discs andthat allowed radio to become a majorLibrary of Congress in 1939, Archibald the gramophone, located his labora-medium of mass communication alsoMacLeish committed the institution to tory just one mile from the Library ofbrought profound changes to both thea policy of national popular educa- Congress, now the home of the Berlinerrecording and film industries. Motiontion. In 1940, he obtained a grant from Collection of several hundred discs fea-pictures, radio and recordings were asthe Carnegie Corporation to establish turing music and spoken word record-integral to the "Jazz Age" as the liter-a recording laboratory to record and ings from the turn of the century. ature of the period. During the Greatcopy music, songs, stories and other Along with the Smithsonian Insti-Depression, these media continued toaural traditions of national and interna- tution and the U.S. Patent Office,serve the mass audience in ways astional folk culture for distribution. With the Library of Congress provided crit-diverse as those exemplified by Frank-its state-of-the-art studio and phono- ical institutional support to the city'slin Roosevelt's "Fireside chats" overduplication facilities, the recording lab- community of inventors. In 1870, thethe radio and the stunning Astaire-oratory became the finest governmen- Library had become the national repos-Rogers dance musicals of the 1930s. tal recording facility in Washington. itory of materials deposited for copy- Library collections contain a wealth In 1941, the Library began to issue a right protection. During the 1890s, the of audiovisual materials that captureseries of recordings by acclaimed poets Library launched its unequaled motion diverse expressions of the interwarreading their own works. Also in that picture collection when producers ofperiod. With more than 100,000 radioyear, the Library produced a set of pio-

88 114 INFORMATION BULLETIN neering educational and Late 20th Century documentary radio pro- The U.S. Congress in grams using talented actors 1987 passed a resolution such as Walter Huston, affirmingthatjazz"is Douglas Fairbanks Jr., Ray- hereby designated as a mond Massey and Agnes rare and valuable Ameri- Moorehead. Writer Arthur can treasure to which we Miller and composer Earl should devote our atten- Robinson also contributed tion, support, and resources to the programs. Following to make certain it is pre- the attack on Pearl Harbor, served, understood, and they recorded hours of r promulgated." Although interviews in ten locations the Library's commitment across the nation to capture to collecting and preserv- for posterity the reactions ing jazz began long before of a varied group of ordi- this declaration of congres- nary Americans to their sional appreciation, two of president's declaration of the most significant jazz war. collections held in MBRS During World War II, were acquired in 1991. The the Library established a Robert Altshuler Collection motion picture repository of 250,000 78 rpm records that would, in the words spans the years 1917 to of Librarian of Congress approximately 1950. The Luther H. Evans, "preserve Valburn-Ellington Collec- those films which most tion acquired from jazz faithfully record in one way connoisseur Jerry Valburn or another the contemporary life andAmerican life and culture has beenincludes every known commercially tastes and preferences of the American profound. released 78 rpm recording made by people." The Library also became a The Library's collections house NBC'sDuke Ellington in its original format storehouse for captured World War IIentire kinescopic inventorymore thanwith one exceptionas well as 3,000 enemy audiovisual material. In 1966, 18,000 items from 1948 to 1970, includ-unpublished open-reel tapes. due in part to the efforts of Sen. Roberting thousands of hours of broadcast In the last three decades of the 20th F. Kennedy, the Library began to receive journalism covering the political andcentury, the Library has made a con- what was to become a flood of Armedsocial life of the past half-century. Thecerted effort to strengthen its inter- Forces Radio Service 16-inch transcrip- Library also holds the nation's largestnational motion picture and video tion discs, many of which were pro- collection of public television material,holdings. Recent acquisitions include duced during World War II to educatebeginning with shows produced in theimportant films and videos that rep- and entertain servicemen and women. Washington, D.C., area in the 1950s andresent significant creative and docu- This material complements the Library's proceeding to the present day. mentary efforts from Australia, Cuba, Office of War Information Collection, The impact of television radicallyEgypt, Germany, Iceland, India, Israel, which includes much American net-transformed the radio industry. As Italy,Lebanon, Norway, Pakistan, work radio broadcasting not known to radio shows and stars moved to televi-Poland, Senegal, the Soviet Union, and have survived elsewhere. sion, much of the established networkSweden, among other countries. radio listening audience bought TV The Postwar Period sets and followed their favorite showsThe 21st Century and the Future The postwar period saw a phenom-to the new medium. The remaining In May 2000, the Library opened the enal growth in the number of televi-radio audience, however, was aug-Bob Hope Gallery of American Enter- sion sets in the nationfrom one mil- mented by younger listeners who nowtainment to honor the comedian on his lion in 1949 to 50 million a decadeturned their car and transistor radios98th birthday. As a spotlight that illu- later. This new era of communications to their favorite disc jockey playing theminates the great popular American was both condemned and applauded. latest hit songs. The Library holds theentertainers of the past century, the Paddy Chayevsky, noting television's complete radio archives of the Mutualgallery features highlights from such promise in the early 1950s, deemed it Broadcasting System's flagship sta-important division collections as the "the marvelous medium of the ordi-tion, WOR-AM, comprising approxi-Gwen Verdon-Bob Fosse Collection, nary." In 1961, President Kennedy's mately 15,000 discs and the station'sthe Danny Kaye and Sylvia Fine Kaye newly appointed director of the Fed-paper archives. The rise of noncom-Collection, and, of course, the Bob eral Communications Commission, mercial radio beginning in the earlyHope Collection. Newton Minow, castigated broad- 1970s is also well documented in the The preservation of our nation's radio casters for having squandered thatLibrary's holdings of the Nationaland television heritage became national potential, creating instead "a vastPublic Radio (NPR) Collection withpolicy in 1976 when the American Tele- wasteland." Whether wonderland ormore than 25,000 tapes of arts pro-vision and Radio Archives Act was wasteland, television's impact on grams from 1971 through 1991. continued on page 91

MAY 2002 89 s 0

0.1CAT/O4to Performing Arts: Broadcasting he Library of Congress hassubject of an essay by Krin Gabbard, professor and chair I recently published the finalof comparative literature at the State University of New volume inits Performing ArtsYork at Stony Brook. Finally, Barbara Pruett, a librarian, series,titled "Performing Arts:researcher and writer, traces the career of Groucho Marx Broadcasting," which describes the Library's unique and from his early days in vaudeville to his television career as comprehensive radio and television holdings. Since 1986,host of "You Bet Your Life." this series has presented articles on all aspects of perform- The volume ends with a tribute to jazz innovator and ing arts in the Library's collections, as well as volumessaxophonist Gerard "Gerry" Mulligan by Iris Newsom, devoted to music and motion pictures. editor of the eight-volume Performing Arts series. On April "Performing Arts: Broadcasting" contains 11 essays and 6,1999 on what would have been Gerry Mulligan's 72nd more than 200 black-and-white imagesfilm stills, public- birthdaythe Library opened a permanent exhibition of ity photos and scriptsthat richly illustrate the golden agethe Gerry Mulligan Collection in the foyer of its Perform- of radio and television. Comedian Jack Benny and radioing Arts Reading Room in recognition of a career that host Fred Allen appear on the cover in a 1936 publicity shotspanned six decades. for NBC's "Town Hall Tonight." "Performing Arts: Broadcasting"a 209-page hardcover The book's overview of the Library's radio holdingsbook with 245 illustrationsis available for $47 from the begins with researcher and former network producerSuperintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh Karen Hansen's study of Mary Margaret McBride's radio PA 15250-7954. Cite stock number 030-001-00181-4 when interviews with newsmakers and personalities of the 1930sordering. Copies may also be ordered from the Library's through 1950s, such as Harry S. Truman, Eleanor Roos-Sales Shop; credit card orders (888) 682-3557. evelt, Bette Davis and Mike Wallace. Writer and former diplomat Donald Kent analyzes recordings of radio advice programs from the 1950s to the present in an article that reveals the dramatic behavioral and moral differences between past and present-day callers. Tales of the early days of radio emerge from Library of Congress cataloger Kathleen Miller's study of the Library's NBC collection as well as film historian Alan Gevinson's analysis of the Radio Research Project of the Library of Congress. Funded in 1941 by the Rockefeller Foundation, the purpose of the Radio Research Project was to produce programs that exhibited "values inherent in the American tradition." The story of Hollywood's influence on early radio is told by Ross Care, author and composer, who describes the crossover of film stars to the airwaves that resulted in the production of radio dramas such as "Fibber McGee and Molly." And Peter Rohrbach, a freelance writer and editor, describes how radio broadcasts from the U.S. and abroad kept millions of Americans informed about the events of World War II. The Library's rich television holdings are a springboard for four essays on the medium's impact on American culture. The section begins with Donald Kent's essay on how television producers in the 1950s created audiences for arts-related programming by developing lively ways of presenting ballet, opera and theater. Paul Mandell, who is regarded by many Hollywood composers as an authority on television background music, discusses the history and fate of recorded works by television composers. The role of jazz music in television's early years is the

90 116 INFORMATION BULLETIN World Treasures: Beginnings //World Treasures of the Library issues are three key questions: Where A Prophecy of Congress: Beginnings," the does itthe universe, the cosmosall (1794)," adorns first in a series of three volumes, hascome from? How do people explain thecoverof been published by the Library ofand order the universe to better cope "Beginnings." Congress in association with Thirdwith it? How do cultures record the This relief etching depicts the monumental Millennium Publishing and in con-experience to create a shared memory figure of the Creator set within the frame- junction with the continuing "Worldof the past? work of the blazing sun, engaged in mea- Treasures" exhibition, which opened These themes are presented in the suring the material world below him with a in the summer of 2001. volume with more than 130 full-color set of calipers. "World Treasures of the Library ofimages of items from the Library's Following the sections on creating Congress" displays for the first timecollections, including a 12th-centuryand explaining the heavens and earth, the Library's unparalleled interna-Taoist scroll painting titled "Ba Xian" "Beginnings" concludes with exam- tional collections, which began with(The Eight Immortals) by Zhao Boju;ples of early writing and printing that the acquisition of Thomas Jefferson'sPolish astronomer Nicolaus Coper-have enabled world cultures to record library in 1815," said Librarian of Con- nicus' 1543 work that set forth evi-the past. These include a cuneiform gress James H. Billington. "Jefferson's dence that the earth and other planetstablet dating from 2039 B.C. and belief that 'there is no subject to which revolve around the sun; and illustra-metal movable type from 13th-cen- a member of Congress may not havetions from creation tales, myths andtury Korea. occasion to refer' led him to collectlegends that have been passed down Future thematic rotations in the books in many languages. Now inthrough the generations and remain"World Treasures" exhibition, which its third century, the Library is stillpopular themes in children's litera-will be complemented by their own guided by Jefferson's universal col-ture today. Illustrations from mod-companion volumes, will focus on lecting policy, which is reflected inern-day children's books such asencounters among cultures and cere- this exhibition and its first companion"How Giraffe Got Such a Long Neck:monies and celebrations. publication." A Tale from East Africa," "Why Mos- "Beginnings" a 207-page soft- An artful combination of text, colorquitoes Buzz in People's Ears: A Westcover book with more than 130 illus- illustrations, old-world maps, andAfrican Tale," and those featuringtrations (mostly in full color) is dis- full-page quotations, "Beginnings"Anansi the Spider, a popular trickstertributed in the United States by the focuses on the first rotation in thein Ghanian folk literature, depict howAntique Collectors' Club. The com- "World Treasures" exhibition, whichdifferent cultures have explained whypact volume (sized 5 3/4 inches x 6 explores how some 60 world culturesvarious animals appear and behave1 /4 inches) is available for $14.95 in have explained and depicted the cre-as they do. major bookstores and in the Library's ation of the universe, the heavens and William Blake's renowned image ofSales Shop; credit card orders (888) the earth. Underlying these complexthe creation, which appeared in "Europe,682-3557.

Guide March-April 2002, p. 60). the James Madison Council, a national, continued from page 89 At present, the Library of Congressprivate-sector advisory council dedi- is building the National Audio-Visualcated to helping the Library of Con- approved by Congress. PreservationConservation Center in Culpeper, Va.,gress share its unique resources with of significant films is carried out underwhere a state-of-the-art archival envi-the nation and the world. The series the terms of the National Film Pres-ronment will provide storage for the of volumes now includes guides to the ervation Act of 1988. In accordanceLibrary's audiovisual collections andcollections of manuscripts; prints and with the act, the Librarian of Con-house preservation and catalogingphotographs; rare books; maps; music, gress names 25 "culturally, historically, functions of the Motion Picture, Broad- theater and dance; Hispanic and Portu- or aesthetically significant" films tocasting and Recorded Sound Divi-guese, European, African and Middle the National Film Registry every year;sion. Eastern, and Asian materials that can and archival quality copies of the orig- The Library recognizes its enormous be found at the Library of Congress. inal copies of those films are added toresponsibility to maintain audiovisual "MotionPictures,Broadcasting, the Library's collections to ensure their materials in usable conditions for future RecordedSound: AnIllustrated preservation. Most recently, in 2000,generations. At the beginning of thisGuide"an 88-page softcover book the National Recording Preservationnew audiovisual century, the Librarywith 109 illustrationsis available for Act was approved by Congress toremains firmly committed to preserv- $18 from the Library of Congress Sales launch an effort to preserve the nation'sing for posterity the rich audiovisual Shop, credit card orders (888) 682-3557; rich legacy of all kinds of sound heritage of the past. and from the U.S. Government Printing recordings. The National Recording The attractive illustrated guides tooffice (stock number 030-001-00162-8), Preservation Board held its inauguralthe Library's collections, featuringtelephone (866) 512-1800. meeting at the Library on March 12materials in various formats, have of this year (see Information Bulletinbeen made possible by support from Alan Gevinson is a film historian.

MAY 2002 91 117 o. ..,.., , _ / ...... 57,--,., 4.410. , Book Culture During the Cold War

By JOHN Y. COLE LLD ooks, Libraries, Reading, and Publishing in the Cold War," a 298-page book of essays, has been published by (CFCB), with assistance from the the Center for the Book in the IFLA Section on Reading. Library of Congress. The volume The image on the book's dust contains 20 scholarly papers pre- jacket is from a 1960 poster sented by library historians at in the Prints and Photographs an international conference in Division of the Library of Con- Paris, June 11-12, 1998. gress (negative number LC- Essaysandtheirauthors USZC4-3344). It depicts an ide- include: "The Overseas Libraries alized Soviet man crushing a Controversy and the Freedom to militarist within a book of "his- Read: U.S. Librarians and Pub- tory." The translated poster title lishers Confront Joseph McCar- is: "A new, just society is coming thy," by Louise S. Robbins; "The to replace the obsolete, capital- Effect of the Cold War on Librar- ist society." ianship in China," by Cheng "Books, Reading, Libraries, Huanwen; "U.S. Youth Services and Publishing in the Cold War," Librarians and Cold War Cen- a 298-page cloth-bound book, sorship, 1946-1955," by Chris- is available for $25 from Oak tine Jenkins; "Reading in the Con- Knoll Press, 310 Delaware St., text of Censorship in the Soviet New Castle, DE 19720; telephone Union," by Valeria D. Stelmakh; (302) 328-7232; toll-free (800) and "Cold War Librarianship: 996-2556; fax (302) 328-7274. The Soviet and American Library book can be ordered online at Activities in Support of National www.oakknoll.com/ Foreign Policy, 1946-1991," by pressrel.coldwar.html. Pamela Spence Richards. This writer chaired one of the The papers, edited by Hermina sessions at the 1998 conference G.B. Anghelescu and Martine Poulain,includes a biographical sketch of Rich- in Paris, continuing the Center for were originally published in the Winterards by Betty Turock of the Schoolthe Book's involvement in projects 2001 issue (Volume 36/1) of Libraries &of Communication, Information &examining the influence of books, Culture: A Journal of Library History,Library Studies, Rutgers University;reading, and libraries from World War edited by Donald G. Davis Jr., and pub- tributes to Richards from Donald G.II through the end of the Cold War. lished by the University of Texas Press. Davis Jr., Graduate School of LibraryThese projects include: the 1983 cele- Anghelescu is assistant professor in theand Information Science at the Univer-bration of the 40th anniversary of the Library and Information Science Pro- sity of Texas at Austin, and Valeria Stel-Armed Services Editions (1943-1947), gram at Wayne State University. Pou-makh, Russian State Library; and anfollowed by publication of "Books in lain is the general conservator of theindex to the volume prepared by stu-Action: The Armed Services Editions" libraries and director of dents in the Library and(1984); a conference held in Moscow Mediadix, University of Information Science Pro-on Oct. 29-31, 1991 on "The National Paris. As a sociologist, gram, Wayne State Uni-Library in the Life of the Nation: The she has published many versity, Detroit. Lenin State Library and the Library articles on the sociology The 1998 conferenceof Congress"; "Publishing and Book of reading, the history of was organized under theCulture in Russia and the New States: libraries, and the history auspices of the LibraryChallenges for the West," a conference of censorship. History Round Table ofat the Library of Congress on March The book is dedicated the International Feder-9-10, 1993 (see Information Bulletin, to Pamela Spence ation of Library Asso-April 19, 1993); and an international Richards (1941-1999) of ciations and Institutionsconference, "Libraries and Reading in Rutgers University, an (IFLA), Ecole nationaleTimes of Cultural Change," held in energetic historian who, superieure des sciences de Vologda, Russia on June 18-22, 1996 with Poulain and l'information et des bib-(see Information Bulletin, Sept. 16, Ma rie-Noelle Frachon, liotheques (ENSSIB), and 1996). organized the 1998 con- the Villeurbanne Centre ference on which this Pamela Spence de Formation aux Car- John Y. Cole is the director of the Center volumeisbased.It Richards rieres de Bibliotheques for the Book.

92 X18 INFORMATION BULLETIN 0

SS 4 News from NLS Library, Partners Develop Standard for the Digital Talking Book he National Information Standards Blinded Veterans Association; Canadian provides a framework under which 1 Organization (NISO) has recentlyNational Institute for the Blind; thea person or agency can create DTBs adopted a national standard for theDAISY Consortium; Hadley School forfor works ranging from a very simple Digital Talking Book (DTB), a collection the Blind; Assistive Devices Industrynovel to a complex textbook." of electronic files arranged to presentOffice-Industry Canada; IsSound Cor- The standard gives users great flexi- information to the blind and physically poration; National Federation of thebility in how they "read" DTBs, accord- handicapped reader through alterna- Blind; Recording for the Blind and Dys-ing to Moodie. Some want a straight, tive media. lexic; Talking Book Publishers Inc.; Telex linear reading experience, while others The five-year effort to develop theCommunications Inc.; VisuAide Inc.;prefer to use sophisticated functions NISO DTB standard (ANSI/NISOand the World Blind Union. that provide random access to sections Z39.86-2002) was coordinated by the The ANSI/NISO DTB standard wasof the DTB, the ability to activate cer- National Library Service for the Blind built on existing standards and specifica-tain options (e.g., footnotes), or set and Physically Handicapped (NLS) intions to make use of programming skills bookmarks, highlight portions of text, the Library of Congress in partnershipand software tools that were originallyor perform keyword searches. with an international commit- NISO is the only U.S. group tee. The NISO DTB standard accredited by ANSI to develop will make electronic resources "This single standard addresses and promote voluntary technical presented in DTB format more standards for use in information accessible to print-disabled read- the requirements of a range of delivery services for libraries, ers worldwide. agencies serving users with a publishers and related informa- "Thissinglestandardad- tion technology organizations. dresses the requirements of awide variety of reading needs. NISO standards are developed by range of agencies serving users It is truly a universal standard consensus under the guidance of with a wide variety of reading experts and practitioners in the needs," said NLS Director Frankthat will benefit the blind field to meet the needs of both Kurt Cylke. "It is truly a univer- community for generations the information user and the pro- sal standard that will benefit the ducer. For its work on the DTB blind community for generations to come." standard, NISO was one of the to come." recipients of the 2001 Collabo- Although the most common Frank Kurt Cylke, Director ration and Coordination Award medium for DTBs will be human National Library Service for the presented by the International speech, a DTB produced in accor- Blind and Physically Handicapped Coalition of Access Engineers dance with the new standard and Specialists. For information can include afile containing about NISO's current activities the contents of the document in or to download NISO standards, text form, thereby permitting outputdeveloped for other purposes. The stan-including the NISO DTB standard, visit through synthetic speech, refreshabledard was also based on specifications the NISO Web site at www.niso.org. braille display devices, or visual dis-formulated by blind and visually play in large print. impaired users who were included "The effort to develop a DTB stan- in the development effort. dard was completed by an international The standards project was coor- committee representing a broad rangedinated by Michael M. Moodie, of stakeholders dedicated to providingNLS Research and Development alternative-format materials to print-Officer, who chaired and orga- disabled readers," said Patricia Harris,nized the NISO Digital Talking NISO Executive Director. "During theBook Committee's meetings and development process, the full commit- work groups from its inception in tee met 11 times across the United1997 through the final approval States and Canada, and smaller workingof the standard by the American groups met countless times in personNationalStandardsInstitute and via conference calls and e-mail." (ANSI) on March 6, 2002. Partners include the Association of "This standard will facilitate Specialized and Cooperative Librarythe efficient presentation of infor- Agencies (of the American LibraryAsso-mation through a variety of alter- ciation); American Council of the Blind; native media and will make it American Foundation for the Blind;easier for readers to navigate theThe current talking book from the American Printing House for the Blind;digital world," said Moodie. "ItLibrary's NLS is in wide public use.

93 MAY 2002 ts 11P o e 0

What Went Wrong and Why? Historians Discuss the Perception of Muslim History

By MARY-JANE DEEB ?Two eminent historians dis- cussed1,400yearsof Islamic civilization in the Med- iterranean during a program held at the Library on May 4 7. The question "What Went WrongandWhy?"was debated by Bernard Lewis, Emeritus Professor at Princ- eton University and author of a best-selling book with a similar title, and Mohamed Arkoun, Emeritus Professor at the Sorbonne in Paris. The program, which filledthe Library's Coolidge Audito- Charlynn Spencer Pyne Charlynn Spencer Pyne rium to capacity, was spon-Bernard Lewis (left) and Mohamed Arkoun discussedIslamic civilization at a sored by the Library's AfricanMay 7 public presentation at the Library. and Middle Eastern Division and Office of Scholarly Programs. TheMuslims were expelled from Spain inmodate change. The Ottomans altered program was chaired by the Librar- 1492. the way their soldiers dressed, hired ian of Congress James H. Billington, The Treaty of Carlowitz (1699)Prussian advisors, and even adopted with Prosser Gifford, director of thebetween the Austrians and the Otto-Italian military music by Donizetti but Library's Office of Scholarly Programsmans brought home to the Muslimsstill they continued to be defeated on and the John Kluge Center, moderat-the fact that they were no longer thethe battlefield. ing a question-and-answer period. dominant power they had been at one Lewis explained that the Ottoman Lewis began his presentation bytime, Lewis asserted. That treaty wasempire was also falling apart eco- describing the Muslim civilization"the first [negotiated] peace signed bynomically, while Europe was grow- that emerged at the end of the seventha defeated Ottoman empire with victo-ing more prosperous in the advent of century in Arabia and spread to therious Christian adversaries." It is then,the Industrial Revolution and the abil- then Christian lands of the southernargued Lewis, Muslims began askingity to manufacture a large quantity of and northern Mediterranean as "thethemselves, "What went wrong?" cheap goods to sell around the world. greatest civilization since Greece and It was clear that Europe's military In the political arena, Europe was Rome" and the most advanced mili-superiority was a major factor in thecreating parliaments and writing con- tarily, scientifically and intellectuallyMuslims' defeat. In the early part ofstitutions that gave people many in the known world. the 18th century, thekinds of rights that were denied to citi- That civilization lasted Ottomans recognizedzens in the Ottoman empire. Although nearly 700 years and that they needed topolitical reforms were introduced in was,according to modernize their weap-Turkey and Iran, the modernization Lewis,the interme- onry and their militaryof the military, political and economic diary stage between strategies and tactics.spheres did not achieve the desired theclassic and the Lewis maintained thatparity with Europe. And so the ques- modern world. Chris- the Ottomans realizedtion remained: "What went wrong?" tian Europe tried to that Europeans wereor more to the point, "What did they fight back, but the Cru- experimentingwithdo right?" saders were defeated, new ways of doing Arkoun began his presentation by Byzantium fell, and things; they tried tosaying that he agreed somewhat with the Empire of Con- emulate them but toLewis but differed in his approach to stantinople was con- no avail. This "mod-history. Islamic history, according to quered by the Muslim ernization"was a Arkoun, should be viewed as a "con- Ottomans.Inthe process that many instituted history" by both Western and 15th century however, Charlynn Spencer Pyne the Muslim OttomanMuslim scholars, meaning a history Christendomreas-Librarian of Congressempire resisted, eventhat was created selectively, depend- serted itself in SpainJames Billington intro-though some reformisting on one's perspective. There is and Portugal, and theduced Lewis and Arkoun.leaders tried to accom- continued on page 96

94 INFORMATION BULLETIN :1../0 o

The Founding Fathers and Islam Library Papers Show Early Tolerance for Muslim Faith

By JAMES H. HUTSON With more than 55 million items, the lettdva...s. 44;91 el4:11444, tvpvie Ao actiKomire.d. uell eat/01. 1,0 dada,.. Library's Manuscript Division contains I et rni....41 flo G:rr. vv.'s-.&LAO "4 the papers of 23 presidents, from George eliodike . had to;t.tea; .e3 Washington to Calvin Coolidge. In this a ode fget44.1 t.ue0a47 le ale/7, at" gto..'3'r1:41;01 Ji.s.4.10.4 h.., Ma( no citcaet article, Manuscript Division Chief James eel 444.:sIvrn. 10le.ri,e4eita day, air& Jew tabti I Vattnralxvit rn e. Hutson draws upon the papers of Wash- 4 go ltdoll/a etA nA, /.44-A t.. gum i A.o tat( 4o ington, Thomas Jefferson and other pri- 41.11.1ar alirnutad IA 0 19 op mary documents to discuss the relationship eXtanti.411, ifiWt.671'.a 126. Gat I ,1 of Islam to the new nation. 2"2/,,,a4/; nts. .0 me 441 d.,e/. 1,3444n. 0.1.a 9e4a41 e.vs.aity,hem [c;047.9 G./ go 9.f.41474.4- Many Muslims feel unwelcome in ite tnad:At Gedry wardnltee tat craiyve.d 0-0, the United States in the aftermath ailen IK. grew-ag pdat32-1n,ygsrikon MA efe.a.Fit.0,..4 of nu; of September 11, according to newspaper reports. Anecdotal evidence sug- tne.d.24cp, g;g% trritp/4:4:6 /, le 14 ern u(44,1 at4:4444Ais0, peiruevA;m4, wra. e...,e4.paie gests that substantial numbers of Amer- - kom ga4.41. MeerY&surf.> amot lawyei,tn./ 0,4 or /4 icans view their Muslim neighbors as 6.:01. 0. . an alien presence outside the limits of 41.1 et.44;ttalare, American life and history. While other 'Wu" Gal Pr kdadarrn ,gtadornint.er6.4 IJAA.:41, minoritiesAfrican Americans, His- aeorta4;., Adv.-07..1,,,as.onAtAcldte e,(tad drawn IA- tat 114 1.4:14;44.4,- panics and Native Americanswere J 4 wv; living within the boundaries of the ,r4,4 . u .thh nts.A lit:74-0prenw.:41Urn; present United States from the earliest 44piea/n.6,4., ()Iva., Antalli pad" eiwnd prge..4) days of the nation, Muslims are per- rffThelat.krp,e/nmientwa4 rn44.4 /o Le teni.u.eriatt/ALKKm tri-oo4,66 ceived to have had no part in the Amer- pgaitoli awgerr eau, ican experience. de done s toe/vas n es a irea,,4 t444- irv-rn '

MAY 2002 95 EST COPY AVAILABLE 21 A o OP/

'".< .0 Carolina dusted off Grotius' 17th century reproach that the "reli- (6-e-147iee.. 571ed7 gion of Mahomet originated in arms, breathes nothing but arms, is '4:/e.- a.0.-"le .e., propagated by arms." Other, more influential observers had a different view of Muslims. In 1783, the president of Yale College, Ezra _71 ,Zeo ...... ;;Z-71r-e co ...a-a Stiles, cited a study showing that "Mohammadan" morals were "far '47/7 e7if e superior to the Christian." Another New Englander believed that the "moral principles that were inculcated by their teachers had a happy ....del:... a tendency to render them good members of society." The reference here, as other commentators made clear, was to Islam's belief, which it shared with Christianity, in a "future state of rewards and punish- - ments," a system of celestial carrots and sticks which the Founding oat- .46.71ifc," 41. generation considered necessary to guarantee good social conduct. Ca if /I: PA...I 0. "A Mahometan," wrote a Boston newspaper columnist, "is excited to the practice of good morals in hopes that after the resur- .c rection he shall enjoy the beautiful girls of paradise to all eternity; he e.. . A. is afraid to commit murder, adultery and theft, lest he should be cast into hell, where he must drink scalding water and the scum of the damned." Benjamin Rush, the Pennsylvania signer of the Declara- Ae: tion of Independence and friend of Adams and Jefferson, applauded this feature of Islam, asserting that he had "rather see the opinions of ..,-. ;A.:-/. sr ,e.:, ....e,.irc.-.7-, . -- ji,. vb.. .,.. _ /: './_-._. ___ ..1 4.., 7'4 ,..--..-Irg: A ..-/e.-. A. , Confucius or Mohammed inculcated upon our youth than see them ../. ... ,.../:,... 4 .... co..,4,.. a .,...... 4__ .....; grow up wholly devoid of a system of religious principles."

That ordinary citizens shared these positive views is demonstrated !-Ue <...... e ..).4.;.-...... -, ..../..).... /47 ..- er, ...... ,:y.-- by a petition of a group of citizens of Chesterfield County, Va., to the state assembly, Nov. 14,1785: "Let Jews, Mehometans and Christians ./..., ...-e- r../..:: ./i7.w.' /.4...1:7'. ,,... ,,,-ei,-.. ./::"- of every denomination enjoy religious liberty...thrust them not out now by establishing the Christian religion lest thereby we become e..;,..../4. e'..-- l'...,,.. ,.- : ,It.:,: . - . JJ. , our own enemys and weaken this infant state. It is mens labour in our Manufactories, their services by sea and land that aggrandize our Country and not their creeds. Chain your citizens to the state by their I.I'e ....?? , ..,. A ce !! 'X j. .e. X. f r,.,.....-..er;/4.7. Interest. Let Jews, Mehometans, and Christians of every denomina- . V.;-6. '..77:'.7 .41...... -- ,-.3.6- ...... 7., ,61.1,1,....-- tion find their advantage in living under your laws." a ..a a.--.. ../.. e'l. 7e- ..r 7 . .... - I . The Founders of this nation explicitly included Islam in their , /4.1 % vision of the future of the republic. Freedom of religion, as they con- .,r. , , .. a>4 ,- ...fy ....-tr7...... -... Lit>. 4/-,..1.4.....fr.." t- ceived it, encompassed it. Adherents of the faith were, with some ,,....4 , ,.e--; ei : A9..ti;Wat exceptions, regarded as men and women who would make law- 2.05... ------abiding, productive citizens. Far from fearing Islam, the Founders ° ! 47"y would have incorporated it into the fabric of American life. George Washington's 1785 letter wherein James H. Hutson is chief of the Manuscript Division and the author of he declared that he would welcome many books, including, most recently, "Religion and the Founding of the "Mohometans" to Mount Vernon if they were American Republic," 1998. "good workmen."

Islam inant power and remained so forwrote about what went wrong with continued from page 94 almost 800 years. Historians, ArkounMuslim societies, with the assump- argued, never really explained whattion that things went right with no one Muslim society in the sin-happened during that period, partic- Europe (in spite of two world wars). gular, but rather a number of quiteularly in terms of the acquisition and Finally, Arkoun advocated that different Muslim societies, such astransfer of knowledge. According tohistorians take a new approach to Morocco and Indonesia. Therefore,Arkoun, the end of the Muslim era ofthe history of the Muslims and the when one asks what went wrong,dominance came in 1492, when Mus-West that calls for an "intellectual Arkoun maintains that one mustlims and Jews were expelled fromand spiritual subversion" of existing specify where and when. Spain, not at the time of the peacesystems of thought. Referring to the Arkoun pointed out that theretreaty of Carlowitz in 1699 as Lewis title of a 1999 Library of Congress was no real history of the Mediterra-claimed. From 1492 onward, Europeconference in which he participated, nean regiona region that includedbecame the hegemonic power in thehe called this new approach a new Europe as well as a Turko-ArabMediterranean, and European coun-"frontier of the mind." "space" incorporating Iran becausetries such as France were able to of that nation's significant impactrewrite not only their own history but Ms. Deeb is an Arab world area on the Mediterranean. It was in thatalso that of the countries they domi- specialist in the Library's African and region that Islam became the dom-nated. Arkoun observed that LewisMiddle Eastern Division.

96 .131EST CopyAVAILAM:1E INFORMATION BULLETIN Responding to September 11 Symposium on Legal and Policy Reactions to Terrorism

BY JANICE HYDE do. Rather than question the Pspeakingatthe government, Ripley asserted, 1 Library during a symposium "the patriot supports his or her on terrorism noted that the exist- government in every possible ing laws of warwhile not per- way." fectapply to acts of terror, Jamin Raskin, a law professor even though terrorist acts do not at American University Wash- appear to follow the rules of ington College of Law moder- "traditional" wars. ated the panel. This was the view of one The final panel featured a of three panels convened for group of senior legal specialists the symposium, "New Policies from the Law Library. Moder- and Realities in the Wake of ated by Kersi Shroff, chief of the The Terrorist Attacks on Sep- Western Law Division, the pan- tember11th,"heldinthe elists addressed the impact that Library's Coolidge Auditorium terrorism and the events of Sep- on April 8. tember 11 have had on the laws Cohosted by the Law Library and policies of a number of dif- and American University Wash- ferent countries. In his introduc- ington College of Law, the sym- tion, Shroff discussed the elusive posium featured panels on "The task of developing a legal def- War on Terrorism: Its Impli- inition of terrorism and noted cations for the Laws of War," that a British statute has recently "What Patriotism Means Today," incorporated this new definition: and "Foreign Legal Responses to "Violent acts that are designed Terrorism." Speakers included to advance religious or ideologi- academics, government officials, cal causes." representatives of international Edith Palmer, a senior legal and nongovernmental organiza- G.N. Miller for the New York Post specialist in the Western Law tions, private law practitioners,"Resurrection Within," a photo of the wreckageDivision, noted the prompt and and senior legal specialists fromof the World Trade Center in New York strong German response to the the Law Library. attacks on September 11; within Robert Goldman, a professor atsecond panel, Walter Berns of thea week, Federal Chancellor Gerhard American University Washington Col-American Enterprise Institute madeSchroeder's promise of military assis- lege of Law, moderated the first panelmultiple references to Abraham Lin- tance to the United States received par- focusing on terrorism and the laws ofcoln. Berns suggested that Lincoln was liamentary approval. Legislation was war. John Cooke, a retired brigadier"the American who taught us what itenacted a month later to allow the general and director of judicial edu-means to be American, who taught usGerman authorities to prohibit reli- cation at the Federal Judicial Center,what it means to be a patriot." gious associations with a terrorist noted that although it appears that Roger Wilkins, a professor of history agenda. And, by the end of 2001, a the United States is now dealing withat George Mason University, related anreform package had been enacted that criminal syndicates, these have manyincident during the time of the Vietnam enhanced the investigative powers of "state-equivalent" features, such as theWar in which he argued that "dissent islaw enforcement and intelligence agen- ability to mobilize resources and definethe highest form of patriotism and thecies. The new legislation constituted a political ideologies. highest form of loyalty." Wilkins saidshift in the balance between privacy Several panelists made reference tohis patriotism still hinges on that state- and security interests that nevertheless the confusing legal status of detaineesment and suggested that Americans attempted to stay within the German con- at Guantanamo Bay. James Ross, aneed to be "active, wise, informed" citi-stitutional framework, Palmer noted. senior legal advisor for Human Rightszens and participate in the debates the Ruth Levush, a senior legal specialist Watch, suggested that it would costUnited States is facing. in the Eastern Law Division, discussed nothing to declare the detainees as pris- In contrast, Col. John Ripley (retired), Israel's international cooperation in the oners of war and suggested that thesuggested that, however imperfect, thearea of counterterrorism, as well as its "best way to promote the laws of warU.S. government has been put in placedomestic legislation on terrorist pre- is to adhere to them." by its people and now is not the timevention, information gathering, deten- Inexamining "What Patriotismto come up with individual interpretation of suspected terrorists and assis- MeansToday,"thesymposium'stions of what the government should continued on page 99

MAY 2002 97 123 The Children of Sally Hemings Genealogist Gives Annual Austin Lecture

By REBECCA GATES-COON of his descendants to have been 'Thomas Jefferson, third presi- a son of Hemings and Jefferson.) Ident of the United States, was All of Hemings' children were most likely the father of all of born at Monticello. Some of Sally Hemings' children, genealo- them, according to contemporary gist Helen F. M. Leary, an expert reports, bore a striking resem- on early families of the Upper blance to Thomas Jefferson. Leary South, reported at the Library's remarked that, during Jefferson's 2002 Judith P. Austin Memorial lifetime, and even at the height of Lecture on April 16. Leary's talk his political career, rumors circu- was based on her research into the lated and occasionally surfaced available genealogical evidence in print that Jefferson was main- concerning Hemings' children, the taining a clandestine relationship results of which were published with his slave. in a September 2001 issue of The relationship between Jef- The National Genealogical Society ferson and Hemings was most Quarterly. likely a "businesslike" arrange- Stephen E. James, chief of the ment, based on persuasion and Humanities and Social Sciences mutual agreementnot a tradi- Division (HSS), welcomed an over- tional "romance" or, at the other flow audience to the lecture in the extreme, forced on Hemings by Madison Building's West Dining Jefferson, according to Leary. Room. Barbara Walsh, reference She also noted that Jefferson's librarian in the Local History and Carlynn Spencer Pyne grandchildren, as well as many Genealogy Reading Room, intro-Genealogist Helen Leary spoke at thehistorians over the years, consid- duced Leary, who is a frequentLibrary April 16. ered the existence of a Hemings- contributor to major genealogical Jefferson relationship improba- journals. Leary has served as editor Hemings gave birth to her first childble or even impossible and suggested and primary author of the handbookin early to mid-1790, not long after heralternative interpretations of the cir- "North Carolina Research: Genealogyreturn to Monticello from France. Hercumstances. Leary acknowledged that and Local History" (first published infinal, seventh, child was born in 1805.differences of opinion remain concern- 1980, followed by a second edition in(According to Leary, the seven chil-ing the evidence. She asserted, how- 1996) and served four terms as presi-dren born to Hemings did not includeever, that the accretion of extensive dent of the Board for Certification ofThomas Woodson, believed by manygenealogical and circumstantial evi- Genealogists. She is a fellow of both the American Society of Genealogists and the National Genealogical Society. Leary began her lecture by observ- ing that the complex character of Thomas Jefferson as both public leader and private individual has challenged historians and biographers over the years. She said the Jefferson-Hemings relationship most likely began in Paris in the late 1780s; Jefferson traveled to France as American envoy in 1784 with his elder daughter Martha. Three years later, Sally Hemings (1773-1835), a young Monticello slave, accompanied Jefferson's younger daughter Maria to France to join her father.

Thomas Jefferson's Monticello estate, where, according to Helen Leary, Sally Hemings bore the third president seven children.

98 1 4 INFORMATION BULLETIN dence, as unearthed by historians and genealogists (and examined more fully in her own 2001 article), has made alternative theories concerning the paternity of the Hemings children increasingly untenable. Recent DNA evidence has established a genetic link between Hemings' youngest son Eston and a Jefferson male, though the actual identity of the father cannot be fixed by DNA markers. Leary said that the estimated conception dates of each of Hemings' children coin- cided precisely, and indeed exclusively, with Jefferson's visits to Monticello. She noted that credible family traditions handed down through generations of the Hemings family, as well as Jefferson's own treatment of Hemings' offspring (all of whom were eventually freed), argue in favor of a Hemings-Jefferson connection. Leary contended that much of the evidence marshaled against the Hemings-Jefferson relationship has proved to be flawed by reason of bias, inaccuracy or inconsistent reporting. Too many coincidences must be accounted for and too many unique circumstances "explained away," she said, if a competing theory is to be accepted. She concluded by saying that the sum of the evidence points to Jefferson as the father of Hemings' children. The Humanities and Social Sciences Division of the Library created and sponsored the Austin Memorial Lec- ture series as a tribute to Judith Austin, who was the head of the Local History and Genealogy Reading Room for many years. Her 20 years of Library service included her May 1996 appointment as head of the Main Reading Room. She died on Aug. 2, 1997. Attending the April 16 lecture were her husband, Alan, and their daughter, Jen- nifer Austin Luna.

Rebecca Gates-Coon is a reference librarian in the Local Thomas Jefferson, one of the subjects of this year's History and Genealogy Section, Humanities and Social Austin Memorial Leture in genealogy, in a 1805 portrait by Sciences Division. Rembrandt Peale. Courtesy New York Historical Society

Terrorism terrorism must be stopped becauseous emergency acts. Sfeir noted that continued from page 97 it poses a threat to the stability ofthere have been more changes in Russia. He described a 1998 law thatattitude rather than laws since Sep- tance to victims. She described howestablished the framework for com-tember 11. He said events of that Israeli law balances the public's rightbating terrorism and made the pres-day illustrated that local groups, to security with the right to protectident directly responsible for stop-which modern Arab governments their civil liberties. This balancing act, ping terrorist acts. Despite the focuspreviously thought were manage- as declared by the chief justice of theof the executive and legislativeable, could potentially be drawn into Israeli Supreme Court, is achievedbranches on terrorism, Russia stillwell-organized international terror- within the law and involves a com-remains vulnerable to terrorist acts,ist groups. The September 11 events promise between competing inter-according to a recent analysis. also caused several states to reex- ests. Levush discussed an example of The final panelist, George Sfeir,amine their laws related to financial this rule in a leading case that out-a senior legal specialist in the East-disclosure and the transfer of funds. laws torture in interrogations of ter-ern Law Division, discussed howOne point of contention between the rorism suspects. a number of Arab states haveU.S. and Arab states was the focus The Russian Federation's reactionresponded to the events of Septem-of the United States on traditional to terrorism was the topic of panel-ber 11. Sfeir opened by stating thatmethods of transferring funds and ist Peter Roudik, a senior legal spe-terrorism was a well-known phe-charitable contributions, which in the cialist in the Eastern Law Division.nomenon in the Arab world beforeArab world have deep historic and Noting that Russia is well versedthe terrorist attacks. Arab states incultural roots based on notions of in responses to terrorism because itgeneral have treated terrorism astrust. has experienced all manner of terror- a criminal matter subject to penal ist acts, Roudik said that Russia hascodes, or as a threat to national Janice Hyde is the Law Library's program taken the position that internationalunity and security governed by vari- officer.

MAY 2002 99 125 CC

ABA/Rob Crandall Marcia Coyle, Supreme Court correspondent for The National Law Journal; David Tatel, Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit; Paul Kahn, Yale Law School; and Christine Corcos, Louisiana State University, participated in a Law Day panel at the Library May 1. The Lawyeras Judge Law Library Commemorates Law Day May 1

BY JANICE HYDE of peace and justice," said Medina. vision courtroom. In each instance The Law Library in cooperation American Bar Association Presidentshe asked, "Does he exemplify Amer- with the American Bar Association Robert Hirshon then reflected uponican judges?" Division of Public Education com-the legacy of Leon Jaworski, for whom Acknowledging that judges may be memorated Law Day on May 1 at thethe public program series is named,looked upon with great esteem, Coyle Library with a panel discussion titledand highlighted Jaworski's dedicationquoted William Howard Taft, who "The American Lawyer as Judge."to informing the publicespeciallysaid that judges "typify what we here The program was the third in theyoung peopleabout how the workon earth will meet in heaven." Show- Leon Jaworski Public Program series,of lawyers reflects and affects society.ing a slide of Supreme Court Justice "Representing the Lawyer in Ameri- Gail Leftwich, president of the Fed-Sandra Day O'Connor, Coyle asked can Culture." eration of State Humanities Councils,the panelists to consider the signif- Additional cooperating institutionssaid that the humanities councils seekicance of the confirmation hearing included the American Bar Associa-to examine the law in a humanisticin the process of becoming a judge. tion Standing Committee on the Lawcontext. She observed that the Jawor-Noting that the Supreme Court is to Library of Congress, the Friends ofski series of public programs looksconsider a Minnesota case about cam- the Law Library of Congress, andat how lawyers help people in theirpaigning for judgeships, she said the the Federation of State Humanitiesdaily lives. Law Day discussion was timely. She Councils. Judge William S. Sessions, Marcia Coyle, Washington Bureaushowed a brief video clip of a tele- former director of the Federal Bureauchief and Supreme Court correspon-vision advertisement depicting three of Investigation and chairman of thedent for The National Law Journal,judges literally "in the pocket" of a American Bar Association's National served as moderator for the panel. Shewealthy interest group. Law Day observance, presided overopened by posing three basic ques- The three panelists took strikingly the evening's program. tions to frame the evening's discus-different approaches to the subject. In welcoming remarks, Law Librar-sion: What are the habits of heartChristine Corcos, associate professor ian Rubens Medina noted that the Law and mind that make American judgesof law, Louisiana State University, Library has made it an annual tradi-judges? What are the habits of heartopened her remarks by reading a tion to celebrate Law Day by takingand mind that make American judgesheadline from The National Enquirer time to reflect upon the law and those American? Who, specifically, exempli-concerning adjudication of marital who make law their profession. "In a fies the American judge? problems by Judge Judy, another pop- world that is currently embroiled in Coyle showed a set of slides depict-ular "television judge." This set the conflict and crisis, it is more importanting numerous judges, including Chiefstage for her review of how judges are than ever to rededicate ourselves toJustice John Marshall, as well asportrayed in popular culture, includ- the principle that law is the foundationMills Lane, who presides over a tele-ing television and films. In her view,

100 126 INFORMATION BULLETIN *o

*A Americans' perceptions of judges are based largely on their portrayal in the media. Corcos said Amer- icanstendtohavea "schizophrenic view" of judges,believingthey should be both impartial and empathetic in decid- ing appropriate remedies to people's problems. Television judges, such as Judge Judy, do not always explain their decisions, leaving some viewers to believe that judges simply make up the law as they go along, Corcos said. There is also a sense, perhaps a holdover from the days of the "hanging judges" such as Judge Roy Bean, that "a good lawyer knows the law, but a great lawyer knows the judge," she said. Both ideas may ABA/Rob Crandall relate to a fear that theChristine Corcos used an example from popular culture to illustrate her discussion average citizen will notof "television judges." get justice before a judge. A contrasting image is the "judge asnate to a source of authority outsideConstitution, or case lawto a set of hero"one who votes his or her con-themselves and yet, the public prefersfacts to resolve a controversy or dis- science, Corcos said. Ultimately, shejudges who show some autonomy ofpute "as objectively as we can with as said, the public credits judges withthought. Third, in negotiating a con-little political input as possible." much more or much less power thantradiction between the past and the From his point of view as an appel- they actually have. future, judges look to the pastcit-late court judge, the system works Corcos suggested that many of theing precedent and original intentremarkably well. He described his public's ideas about judges stem fromand yet they are supposed to makeown thought processes in two cases, a lack of understanding of the sepa-clear their intent to guide future rul-explaining that he bases his decisions ration of powers. The public has trou-ings. Fourth, although judges areupon the law and the facts of a case ble believing that judges can separate "political actors" in the broadest sense,rather than his personal view as a citi- themselves from politics and otherthey are not supposed to have azen with a policy perspective. influences. political identity, Kahn said. Fifth, In responding to a question from The second panelist was Paul Kahn,judges must mediate between reasonthe audience, Kahn touched upon the the Robert W. Winner Professor ofand will: the law should have reasonissue of the process of transformation Law and the Humanities at Yale Lawbehind it, but reflect the will of thefrom lawyer to judge. He noted that School. Kahn observed that judges arepeople. much of that process is a mystery, asked to mediate or negotiate between After hearing about judges, thebut that the confirmation process is a contradictory demands. The particu-audience had the opportunity to hearstep toward "suppressing the self"a lar contradictions that judges medi-from an actual judgeDavid Tatel, aself with private opinions and knowl- ate are common to the human condi-judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for edgein order to become an impar- tion; thus, in mediating these tensions the District of Columbia Circuit. Judgetial judge who must maintain and judges embody the ideal of citizen-Tatel said he was intrigued by one ofarticulate the rule of law on behalf of ship. He noted five tensions or con-Marcia Coyle's questions, "How dosociety. tradictions that judges must balance:judges themselves understand their Corcos noted that other countries First, judges move back and forthown essential qualities as judges?" Heare now paying a great deal of atten- between anonymity and personality.quoted former Supreme Court Justicetion to the way U.S. judges balance They observe traditions, such as theByron White, who declared that thethese tensions. She suggested that the wearing of black robes, and ritualized role of judges is "[to] decide cases." "uniqueness" of American judges may proceedings to emphasize their ano- Expanding upon Justice White'snot be true for too much longer. nymity; yet, a great judge may become definition, Tatel said judges apply a a personality or a democratic hero.set of legal principleswhether set byJanice Hyde is the Law Library's program Second, judges are always subordi-statute, regulation, provision of the officer.

MAY 2002 BEST COPY AVAILi:: 101 LAM 127 o

S News from the Center for the Book II Lectures and Author Talks The Center for the Book will be 25 years old in October 2002. This is the sixth in a series of articles that summarizes its activities during its first quarter century.

Measured by quantity alone, lectures on book-related topics and talks by authors of newly published books have been the Center for the Book's dominant method of promoting books, reading and libraries for the past 25 years. Under the center's auspices, from 1977 to mid-2002, approximately 130 speakers from the book, reading, library, literacy and books arts communities have presented individual talks at the Library of Congress. Four different lecture "series" reflect the Center for the Book's varied interests: the Engelhard Lectures on the Book, cosponsored by the Rare Book and Special Collections Divi- sion, emphasized the historical role of books, printing, reading and scholarship; the National Children's Book Fern Underdue Week Lectures, cosponsored by theAt a Books & Beyond talk on Nov. 6, 2001, Sharon Robinson, Jackie Children's Literature Center, high- Robinson's daughter, spoke about her book, "Jackie's Nine: Jackie lighted outstanding writers of books Robinson's Values to Live By." The talk was held in conjunction with the donation of the Jackie Robinson Papers to the Library. Here Robin- son (left) signs a book for Library employee Sharon Holland Gray.

John Y Cole N. Alicia Byers Authors Kathleen Thompson and Hilary Mac Austin from the Library's Books & Beyond talk on February 13, 2002; William Styron answers a question from the audience at a Books and Beyond discussion in the Montpelier Room, Nov. 4, 1998.

102 I8 INFORMATION BULLETIN 0

as forchildren;andthe National Book Award series, Engelhard Lectures on the cosponsored by the Book Speakers National Book Foundation, Nicholas Barker (1976); Philip featuresNational Book Hofer (1977); Elizabeth L. Eisen- Award winners. The fourth, stein (1977); Edwin Wolf (1977); the Books & Beyond author Ian Willison (1980); Robert Darn- series,startedin1996, ton (1981); Dan H. Lawrence focuses on new books that (1982); James D. Hart (1983); have a special connection to William P. Barlow Jr.(1983); the Library's collections or Anthony Rota (1984); John P. programs; each talk usually Feather (1985); David McKit- is cosponsored by another terick (1985); Harrison Hayford Library of Congress office (1986); Lawrence Clark Powell or custodial division or one (1986); David L. Vander Meulen of the Center for the Book's (1987); R. Kathleen Molz (1987); national reading promotion Lotte Hellinga (1987); Ward Ritchie (1987); D.W. Krummel partners. John Y Cole The Engelhard LecturesJoanne Freeman at a Books & Beyond talk (1987); Bernhard Fabian (1989); on the Book, inauguratedon Dec. 12, 2001. G. Thomas Tanselle (1991). by the Library in 1976 with a gift from Mrs. Charles National Children's Book W. Engelhard Jr., became a Week Speakers Center for the Book project Jill Paton Walsh (1978); Elaine in 1977 as soon as the center Konigsburg (1979); Peter Dick- was established. Most of 0 inson (1980); Natalie Babbitt the talks in the Engelhard (1981); Astrid Lindgrin (1982); and National Book Awards Madeleine L'Engle (1983); Kath- series have been published 1.19 erine Paterson (1988). by the Center for the Book; they are listed on the cen- National Book Award ter's Web site (www.loc.gov/ rs Winners cfbook), which also pro- Richard Rhodes (1988); vides general information Thomas L. Friedman (1990); about the center's activities. On Oct. 23, 1978, the center sponsored an Ron Chernow (1991); Orlando Many of the talks in theevening of illustrated talks by two distin- Patterson (1992); Paul Monette Books & Beyond series have guished typographers, John Dreyfus and Hans (1993);NathanielPhilbrick beenfilmedbyC-SPAN,broad- Schmoller. The invitation cover depicted the (2000). cast on C-SPAN 2's "Book work of the four "masters of modern typogra- TV,"andarecurrentlyphy" discussed by Dreyfus and Schmoller. Selected Books & Beyond available from the networkClockwise from the upper left, they were Jan Speakers (www.booktv.org). Tschichold, Giovanni Mardersteig, Stanley Kevin Starr, Morris West, Jules Beginning with the Books Morrison, and Francis Meynell. Feiffer, Lynne Schwartz (1996); & Beyond program of Nov. Roy Jenkins, Phyllis Theroux, 8,1998, featuring author Pauline Maier, Stanley Karnow William Styron and his biog- (1997); Taylor Branch, Anne Fad- rapher, James L. W. West III, iman (1998); Henry Mayer, J.S. the Library began making Holliday, John F Callahan, Paul selected Center for the Book Conrad (1999); Juan Williams, lectures and book talks tn E.EthelbertMiller,Harold available on the Library's 4 4' Bloom, Joseph Ellis and Annette Web site, with links to the Gordon-Reed, Theodore Zeldin Center for the Book's home (2000); Catherine Allgor, Robert page. For information about M. Sapolsky, William MacLeish, these cybercasts, includ- Daniel Schorr, Sharon Robinson, ing the May 30, 2001, Allen Kurzweil, Joanne B. Free- program featuring Louis man (2001); Kathleen Thomp- Menand discussing his son and Hilary Mac Austin; 2002 Pulitzer Prize-win- Jill Lepore; Akasha Gloria Hull, ning book, "The Meta- Jim Higgins Lucile Clifton and Dolores Ken- physical Club: A Story Mary Wolfskill of the Manuscript Division talks drick (2002). of Ideas in America," seewith historian Jack Rakove before his March www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc. 23, 2000, talk in Madison Hall.

MAY 2002 129 103 THE LIBRARY OF 101CONGRESS INDEPENDENCE AVE.PUBLIC S.E. AFFAIRS OFFICE PRESORTEDLIBRARYPOSTAGE OF STANDARD CONGRESS & FEES PAID PENALTY FORWASHINGTON, PRIVATE USE $300 DC 20540-1610 OFFICIAL BUSINESS DATED MATERIAL WASHINGTON,PERMIT No. DC G-103 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS IfINFORMATION you wish to be BULLETINremoved from the mailing list ISSN 0041-7904 address.theaddresstofor Bulletin, the this labelabove publication pleaseand address. return. address check If To change yourrequest hereDand inquires is missingrequired return to the issue(s)enter this above on of page 4014 L SRA MfpfkON GRA.%

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Bulletin JAMES H. BILLINGTON Vol. 61, No. 6 June 2002 Librarian of Congress

On the Cover:"Head of Girl with Long Blonde Hair," ca. 1923, by Wladyslaw T. Benda, is part of a new Library exhibition. Cover Story:A Library exhibition features "American Beauties" from the Golden Age of American illustration. 107 Calling All Kids:The Library's Web site for children and families has received more than 300 million hits since its launch in 2000. 110 111 A New View:The Library of Congress has redesigned its home page on the Internet, as well as several subsidiary sites. 111 Keynote Speaker:In his address for the Library's Asian Pacific American Heritage Month, Rep. Mike Honda said his job was to supply a "voice for people who historically do not have a voice." 112 Cyber Collaboration:The Libary and OCLC have developed QuestionPoint, a new collaborative online reference service. 113 The Digital Desk Reference:A teleconference on the future of virtual reference services was sponsored by the Library April 19. 113 Come One, Come All!:The second annual National Book Festival will be held on Oct. 12. 114 Cataloging on the Web:Classification Web, a new Internet-based 112cataloging and reference product, is now available. 115 News from the NLS:The National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped has issued a progress report on digital talking books. 115 Staff in the News:Retiring Associate Librarian Winston Tabb has received honors from the DCLA; Beacher Wiggins has been named acting associate librarian for Library Services; and Jean Hirons has been awarded the ALA's Margaret Mann Citation. 116 Intellectual Freedom Fighter:Judith Krug of the American Library Association's Office for Intellectual Freedom spoke on free speech in difficult times at the Library May 23. 119 Ideas from the States:State centers for the book gathered for an annual meeting and idea exchange May 1. 120 News from the Center for the Book 122 114 The Library of Congress Information Bulletin (ISSN 0041-7904) is issued 11 times a year by the Public Affairs Office of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in the United States. It is also available on the World Wide Web at www.loc.gov/today. Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive the Bulletin on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library's Director for Acquisitions and Support Services, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. All other correspondence should be addressed to the Information Bulletin, Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-1610, e-mail [email protected]. HELEN DALRYMPLE, Editor SAMUEL L. MCLEMORE, JR. & JOHN H. SAYERS, Designers 122 AUDREY FISCHER, Assignment Editor Swann Gallery Exhibition Features "American Beauties" By MARTHA KENNEDY "American Beauties: Drawings from the Golden Age of American Illustra- tion," an exhibition of original drawings that features idealized types of feminine American beauty, is on view from June 27 to Sept. 28 in the Swann Gal- lery of the Library's Thomas Jefferson Building. The drawings were created by artists such as Coles Phillips, Charles Dana Gibson, Nell Brinkley, Wla- dyslaw Benda, John Held Jr., James Montgomery Flagg, E. Simms Campbell, Peter Arno, Jano Fabry and Harry Beckhoff.

Arrestingand gorgeous icons of feminine beauty from America's "golden age of illustration" (1880-1920s) dazzled viewers with an intensity, vividness and variety which captivate audiences today. The creation in the 1890s of the "Gibson Girl"by Charles Dana Gibson (1867-1944) began a decades-long fascination with idealized types of feminine beauty in America. Other gifted illustrators of the era such as Coles Phillips (1880-1927), Wladyslaw Benda (1873-1948), Nell Brinkley (1886-1944) and John Held Jr. (1888-1958) fashioned diverse portrayals of idealized Ameri- can womanhood which mirrored changing standards of physical beauty. More profoundly, however, these popular images highlighted transformations in women's roles in the late 19th and . early 20th centuries. During what historians call the era of the "New Woman," increasing numbers of women sought higher education and pursued romance, marriage, leisure activities and a sense of individuality with greater independence. With support from the Swann Memorial Fund, this exhibition highlights 17 original drawings selected from outstanding recent acquisitions; they are supplemented with premier examples of graphic art from the Library's Cabinet of American Illustration and the Swann Collection of Caricature and Cartoon, and two rare, bound illustrated volumes. Charles Dana Gibson invented the Gibson Girl in the 1890s. She first appeared in Life magazine and rapidly set a standard for feminine beauty that endured for two decades. Gibson drew his tall, narrow-waisted ideal in black and white, portraying her as a multi- faceted type, always at ease and fashionable. He depicted her as an equal, sometimes teasing, companion to man and highlighted her interests or talents such as violin-playing in "The Sweetest Story Ever Told," ca. 1910. Gibson's influence on fellow artists can be seen in the stately beauty of "A Quick Change," ca. 1901, by Charlotte Harding (1873-1951). Others created rival icons. Coles Phillips, for example, developed his "Fade-away Girl" through innovative use of negative spacehis full-figured beauties blend into backgrounds of colorful, tightly composed designs that graced the covers of Life and Good Housekeeping in the early 1900s. Typically involved in domestic tasks or apprais- ing suitors' gifts as in "Know All Men by These Presents," Charles Dana Gibson, 1910, the "Phillips Girl" projected a warm allure that dif- "The Sweetest Story Ever Told," fered from the Gibson Girl's winsome reserve. Neither ca. 1910 idealized image seriously challenged the patriarchal tradition of separate spherespublic and professional for men, private and domestic for women.

JUNE 2002 133 107 The influence of Gibson's and and Vogue. Images from maga- Phillips' romantic ideals waned zines' covers, short story illus- markedly as the American public trationsandadvertisements and artistic communities were exerted widespread influence, introduced to modern European for readers looked not only and American art at the time of for entertainment and enlight- the Armory Show of 1913 in New enmentfromthesevisual York City. American society also sources, but also regarded them became increasingly urban as as examples to be admired and cities burgeoned in size. Mod- imitated. ernist styles and urbanism influ- During the World War I era, enced younger artists such as "new women" sought equality Ethel Plummer (1888-1936) and and opportunity through more Rita Senger (active 1915-1930s) active roles in the public realm. as they drew new types of beau- Nell Brinkley stood out during ties. Plummer drew her young this period as a female pioneer women as slim silhouettes, clad in the field of illustrationa in tighter, form-fitting clothing. woman artist who created the Shown in an urban setting, they "Brinkley Girl," a highly popular convey a consciousness of them- icon. She drew active idealistic selves as fashionable beings in young women in illustrations for their attitudes and communi- newspaper feature stories that cate a poise and confidence she wrote. "Golden Eyes," a that became hallmarks of the World War I heroine who pro- modern woman. Rita Senger's Jaro Fabry, "Katherine Hepburn," moted the sale of Liberty Bonds lithe beauty dancing on a shore ca. 1937 and supported overseas war (ca. 1916) embodied a freedom efforts, emerges as one of Brin- based on insistent individuality. Compared with theirkley's most memorable creations. In her fine-lined Art predecessors, Plummer's and Senger's figures moveNouveau manner, Brinkley portrayed her heroine as a freely in more public, open spaces. Both artists alsodynamic, windblown symbol of women's active patrio- depicted their slender beauties as stylish, flattened fig- tism. ures, defined by sophisticated use of line, color and pat- John Held Jr.'s creation, the flirtatious, flippant flapper, tern in drawings that are contemporary with the intro- exemplified a revolutionary type of beauty. He delineated duction of modernist styles. Their work possesses a bold,her as a stylish, carefree, boyishly slender figure, cap- modern simplicity that was prized by Vanity Fairturing her assertive, pleasure-seeking nature in a lively, refined style. Held's flapper per- vaded popular culture, appearing in Life, Judge, Liberty, College Humor, The New Yorker, and Harper's Bazaar. The flapper's dynamic open outline departed radically from Gibson's calm, long-haired ideal. Demure in dress and manner, the Gibson Girl originated from the more structured, socially choreographed milieu of the Gilded Age of the 1890s. In comparison, the Jazz Age icon, with her scanty clothing, short hair, and forward ways, appeared brazen. She interacted directly and boldly with men, whether dancing or joining them in sports, sometimes with humorous, witty effect as seen in "The Girl Who Gave Him the Cold Shoulder," ca. 1925. Wladyslaw Benda, Georges Lepape (1887-1971), and Rus- sell Patterson (1893-1977) skill- fully incorporated elements of glamour and current fashion Russell Patterson, "Where There's Smoke There's Fire," 1920s into their compelling visions of

108 INFORMATION BULLETIN 134 AR Nell Brinkley, "Golden Eyes with Uncle Sam (dog)," ca. 1918

watercolor with loose, free brush- work, Fabry achieves a fresh, spontaneous portrayal of Hep- burn. Thoroughly all-American, she is a fitting choice to appear as an icon. She personifies a sin- gular, individual beauty, yet projects star quality and universal appeal. These artists' images reveal change and variety in women's roles in society as seen in Gibson's violin player, the heroic Brinkley Girl, Held's flapper, Patterson's smoker, and the actress Hepburn. They also reflect significant shifts in manners and mores. Far from superficial, solely concerned with surface beauty, these images illuminate the complex trajectory traced by the evolution of the modern woman.

Martha H. Kennedy is the exhibition curator and Swann Curatorial Project Assistant in the Prints and Photographs Division. The Caroline and Erwin Swann Memorial Fund for Caricature and Cartoon supports a continuing program at the Library of Congress of preservation, publication, exhibition, acquisition and scholarly research in the related fields of cartoon, caricature and illustration.

beauty in the second decade of theCosmopolitan and Liberty. In con- 20th century. Fashion and glamortrast with Benda, Lepape and Patter- intertwined as women avidly fol-son rendered their beauties as styl- lowed the latest trends in clothing,ized figures who indulge in smoking, jewelry, and cosmetics througha pleasure seen as mildly risque and popular art.Polish-born Benda,glamorous. Both make minimal use working in charcoal and water-of modeling and depend heavily on color, created the "Benda Girl,"the graphic power of elegant, out- whose flawless features and bejew-lined forms, linear patterns of cloth- eled form reflected the glamorousing, and trailing smoke to compose taste of the time. Strengths of hisstrongly decorative, eye-catching distinctive styleskillful modelingdesigns. of forms, attention to detail, and use Jaro Fabry (1912-1953) employed a of strong colorserved him wellmodernist approach related to Held's in drawing the vivid images whichand Patterson's beauties in creating adorned the covers and pages ofhis drawing of Katharine Hepburn for Ethel Plummer, "Vanity Fair Hearst's International magazine,the cover of Cinema Arts. Applying on the Avenue," ca. 1914

JUNE 2002 135 109 America's Library a Hit Site for Kids & Families Surpasses 300 Million `Hits'

The Library of Congress' Web site for children and fami-Harry Houdini and Frank Lloyd Wright. It also offers lies, America's Library(www.americaslibrary.gov),has"Scavenger Hunt" and "Dynamite Presidents" games handled more than 300 million "hits" in the two years sincethat encourage users to explore the Web site while learn- it went online. The Web site, which debuted on the 200thing about America's presidents. For example, players of birthday of the Library, April 24, 2000, is now averaging"Dynamite Presidents" will learn that Thomas Jefferson more than 24 million hits per month. is famous not only for writing the Declaration of Inde- "We are extremely gratified that this major educa-pendence but also for selling his personal library to the tional outreach program of the Library of Congress hasLibrary of Congress. been so widely used and enthusiastically "Jump Back in Time" lets users learn what happened on any day in history. The section also asks users to become a "Super Sleuth" 7ho Moruy of Convoss sposeins as they identify "what'swrong with this picture." Atfirstglance, 13.nYVNL2 nothing seems wrongwith a photo of Calvin Coolidgeuntil Discover the stories of America's past... one notices that he is holding a cell phone. VAGIAAmazing Americans "Explorethe States" provides interesting facts and Jtiffip Back in Time stories about each of thestates and the District of Columbia. III;00Pg the States A "Treasure Hunt" encourageskidsto explore and discover JCAfi America at Play little-known facts. Even more can be learned about the states by read- SN, AMPandS5ng ing the more than 260 new stories called "Local Legacies," which reflect the unique cultural traditions of the nation. "Join America at Play"wants usersto "play ball" in the "Batter Up" game. The "pitcher" accepted by our nation's youth," said Librarian of Con-blows a bubble gum balloon, winds up and asks, "On gress James H. Billington. "Through its interactive andOpening Day of the 1916 Major League Baseball season, colorful pages, this Web site brings alive important mate-who threw the first ball?" The user finds out that President rials from the American historical collections of theWoodrow Wilson made that historic pitch." Library." "See, Hear & Sing" makes many of the Library's The site is in five sections and offers more than 4,500 itemsmultimedia collections of sound and audio available. A from the Library's collections: "Jammin' Jukebox" lets kids hear such popular tunes of "Meet Amazing Americans" introduces kids to somethe past as "Over There." While listening, they will learn two dozen of the nation's most fascinating historical that the composer, George M. Cohan, also wrote the patri- figures, such as George Washington, Abraham Lincoln,otic "I'm a Yankee Doodle Dandy" and "You're a Grand Frederick Douglass, Thomas Edison, Amelia Earhart,Old Flag."

COPSAVAU-ABLE 110 138 INFORMATION BULLETIN Lists of related books encourage children to read morethese spots. To date, the site has received an estimated $63 about what they have learned. The lists were compiledmillion in free advertising support on television, radio and by the Center for the Book (www.loc.gov/cfbook) in thethe Internet. Library of Congress. The center's current reading promotion The Ad Council is a private, nonprofit organization that campaign is "Telling America's Stories." has been the leading producer of public service commu- America's Library is a project of the Public Affairs Officenications programs in the United States since 1942. The and the National Digital Library Program of the LibraryCouncil supports campaigns that benefit children, fami- of Congress and was designed by 415 Productions oflies and communities. Its communications programs are San Francisco. The site draws upon the flagship Ameri-national in scope and have generated strong, measurable can Memory collections (www.loc.gov), which offer moreresults. Ad Council campaigns, such as "Friends Don't than 7.5 million important historical items online, in col-Let Friends Drive Drunk," "Take a Bite Out of Crime" and laboration with other institutions. More than 100 Amer-"A Mind Is a Terrible Thing to Waste," have helped to ican Memory collections are available in topics rangingeducate the public about important issues and concerns from presidential papers, Civil War photographs andof the day. early films of Thomas Edison, to panoramic maps and DDB Chicago is the largest of the DDB agencies world- documents from the women's suffrage and civil rightswide, with more than 725 employees and 2,000 billings of movements. $1.5 billion. It is one of the world's most awarded agencies America's Library marks the first time in its history thatin terms of creativity and effectiveness. The agency works the Library of Congress has created a public service adver-for a strong roster of blue chip clients, including Anheuser- tising campaign in partnership with the Ad Council. ThisBusch, McDonald's, Dell, State Farm, FTD, JCPenney, Uni- campaign"There Is a Better Way to Have Fun with His-lever, QWEST Communications and Wrigley. tory ... Log On. Play Around. Learn Something"was 415 Productions is an interactive design firm headquar- produced through the Ad Council, with creative servicestered in San Francisco. From Fortune 500 enterprises to donated by DDB Chicago. The spots have been distributedinternationally recognized cultural institutions, 415's clients to 3,200 television stations and more than 6,000 radio sta-include 3Com, Credit Suisse, Intel, KQED, Levi Strauss & tions nationwide. DDB won the silver award in the Non-Co., McGraw-Hill, Macromedia, Providian Financial, Robert Profit/Pro Bono/Public Service category of the New YorkMondavi Wineries, the San Francisco Symphony and the American Marketing Association's 2001 EFFIE Awards forSeattle Symphony. Library Launches Redesigned Web Site

he Library of Congress unveiled its The Library of Congress =.0133:010CiinitMill11=027 - a X I redesigned Web site at the annual Et!e EdeLe.v Fa.cntes ItsHelp igii ISEARCHI el conference of the American Library The_Library_DLCongress I ' \ Association (ALA) held June 13-19 in ,di.:; -Xi,-:-1.0.17,-.--,2,,,,, Atlanta. The site retainsits current Got It Online .. . Words, Plemres & Sound ,,.K THOMAS address (www.loc.gov), but pages will AnigtatiOryMenTg.ntwe .-r- Legislative Information feature new layouts, color graphics blur:away Mititite NIX V'''...3.EtUge Galleries 4,7 drawn from the Library's own architec- 4.- -* ..i.: kr,11 .,Ai tural and decorative details, and more (4)2"1A ZL ULibrary k t.Laeneutie. efficient navigational paths, all devel- More Online Collections oped with the user in mind. Find It ... Especially For ... Information & Services News & Events

At the forefront of the new Web site is Search Our Cataract Researches © VS Coovrioht Office al National Book Festival Oct 12 Advanced Search Law Researches NDIIPP ....,.,, Second annual event celebrates books, the Get It Online section, which includes Research Centers Librarians & ArchMsta v features authors links to the Library's digital collections. IndexA.Z Teachera About the Ubrary Site Mao publisherR Visit/Tour Webcastina Rates These pages include the award-winning ASK a Librarian Persons with Disabihtles philanthroDy New Rates Announced June 20 pond Persona Jobs / Fellowships American Memory; THOMAS (legisla- Today In History Featured Webcasl ' 10212 tive information); Exhibitions, a presen- August 5 Band Boys of Alabama tation of the Library's major exhibitions r---"Comolete News & Events over the years; and America's Library, a The Library of Congress Contact Ua Please Read Our Legal Noticel site created especially for kids and fam- ._ ___ ilies. In addition, links to the Library's j Internet electronic catalogs and other databases help users locate books, photographs, films, sound record- "These pages have been redesigned to appeal to a broad ings and other assets that are available either online or phys-cross-section of users, to attract them to the Library's Web ically at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. site and keep them coming back," said Jill Brett, Public The redesigned home page and sub-pages reflect the com-Affairs Officer. plexity of the Library and the diversity of its collections and The Library's Web site received more than a billion hits last services, making them more accessible without compromis- year and has been recognized for excellence by a number of ing their content. publications.

JUNE 2002 13 111 BEST COPY AVAIffSBLIF o

a $ A Voice in Congress Rep. Honda Delivers Asian-American Keynote

BY AUDREY FISCHER "The first Asian in Congress AsA s a member of Congress, was Dalip Singh Saund, a Honda "makes sure native of India," said Honda we have a voice for people proudly. "I learned that from who historically do not have a you at the Library of Congress. voice." At least that is how he The Library is a repository of explains his job to his mother history and information, and who, according to Honda, does a keeper of the facts. When not quite understand that poli- I used the Library I learned that tics is a profession. 50 people of Chinese descent Honda, a third-generation served inthe Civil War." Japanese-American who repre- Honda has been involved in sents the 15th Congressional an effort to secure citizenship, District of California, delivered albeit posthumously, for these the Library's 2002 Asian Pacific soldiers. American Heritage month key- "Even though they are dead note address on May 24. His Chartynn Spencer Pyne and their descendants may district, which includes San Rep. Mike Honda (D-Calif.) be dead, it is important to cor- Jose, contains one of the larg- rect this wrong," said Honda. est Asian Pacific American popula-classroom led to a life-long interest in"After September 11, I think the point tions of any congressional district ineducation. It would be years before hehas been made that we can criticize the continental United States. saw pictures of people he had knownwithout being considered unpatriotic. For Honda, the .road to Congressin books produced by the War Reloca-In fact, it is patriotic to speak up." began in a Japanese internment camption Authority, and he wondered why Referring to observations about the during World War II. Although hehe did not learn about the internmentLibrary's Asian American employ- was a native of California, he "had the camps in school. ment statistics made in opening face of the enemy" and was, therefore, "I wanted to learn about other edu-remarks by Jacqueline Pak, president "guilty until proven innocent." cational systems from beginning toof the Library's Asian American Asso- "We were told we were placedend," he said. ciation, Honda said, "You can only in camps for our own safety," said His interest in education was fur-make it better if you speak up, but Honda. "But as my father alwaysthered by his experience in the Peaceunderstand that you can move for- asked, if this were true, why were theCorps. During the mid-1960s, he builtward, make changes, and make things machine guns pointed in, not out?" schools and health clinics in ruralbetter. While you must stand up to be The incarceration had a profoundcommunities in El Salvador. He laterheard, you must sit down together to effect on him as a young boy. earned bachelor's degrees in biologicalmediate." "Children are affected not only bysciences and Spanish at San Jose State On the subject of correcting past their immediate environment, but alsoUniversity, and a master's degree inwrongs, Honda predicted that in the by historical actions against a particu-education from the same institution.future there will be much "gnashing lar person or group," said Honda. After conducting educational researchof teeth" about the issue of reparations For his part, the experience made himat Stanford University, he became afor slavery. self-conscious about his cultural heri- science teacher, then a principal in the "Many people feel they should not tage. By way of example, he recalled a San Jose public school system. suffer for the sins of their fathers," painful childhood memory. Honda's foray into public policynoted Honda. "But the point of it is the "My mother came to my classroombegan in 1971, when he was appointeddebate. The debate is about self explo- and said, 'Here is your coat. It's cold. to the San Jose City Planning Commis-ration, like the process of psychother- It's snowing.' I told her to speak insion. Ten years later he was electedapy. We must take the lessons of the English." to the San Jose Unified School Board,past and apply them to the present for Regretful to this day about hisand in 1990 he became the first andthe future of our country." actions, Honda asked, "What droveonly Asian Pacific American to serve Echoing the reason he entered public a little boy to be embarrassed by hison the Santa Clara County Board ofservice, he said, "I will be your ser- mother? Japanese was my first lan-Supervisors. He was elected to thevant, your voice. I am dedicated to guage, but it was not nurtured by theCalifornia State Assembly in 1996 andchange. Change is good, it is healthy, school system. We always hear peoplere-elected in 1998. In November 2000,and it makes us a much more perfect say, 'If you want to be an American,he was elected to the U.S. House ofunion." speak English.' But then how can weRepresentatives where he serves on become global competitors?" the Budget, Transportation & Infra- Audrey Fischer is a public affairs For Honda, the unfairness in thestructure, and Science committees. specialist in the Public Affairs Office.

112 INFORMATION BULLETIN 138 Complementing the Desk Teleconference Looks to the Future of Reference

By LAURA GOTTESMAN O'Neill, Santa Monica Public Library.munity. The Web site is designed to Is the reference desk going to dis-They shared the benefit of theirgive the same standard of service that appear? Not if the participants in aexperience with the audienceitselfpatrons would receive by speaking recent teleconference titled, "Virtual"virtual"whichwas scatteredwith a librarian. Reference Services...What, Why andamongdifferentbroadcastsites Jana Ronan, who was instrumental How?" have anything to say about it. throughout the country. in establishing RefeXpress (http:// In the second of this two-part series Kresh, who developed the Library'ssmathersntll.uflib.ufl.edu/), a simi- on the changing face of referenceCollaborative Digital Reference Ser-lar, online assistance service for stu- librarianship, participants discussedvice (CDRS) and its successor, Ques-dents, faculty and staff at the Univer- ways in which virtual reference willtionPoint at www.questionpoint.org,sity of Florida, spoke about her belief complement traditional reference deskstressed the importance of collabora-that staff training is key to the success functions. tion. "Collaboration is useful so thatof a digital reference project. When The conference, which was broad-institutions do not have to reinvent theasked about the time commitment cast nationally on April 19 from thewheel," she said. She also emphasizednecessary, Ronan acknowledged that, College of Du Page in Glen Ellyn,that the online environment offers the"Start-up is time-intensive, but things Ill., was viewed live by a group inopportunity to collaborate with inter-begin to fall into place with practice." the Library's National Digital Librarynational partners in developing new Nancy O'Neill represented Santa Learning Center. resources, and to provide a way "toMonica Public Library, which partici- The first part of the series, broadcastkeep libraries in the public eye." pates in the 24/7 Chat Reference Ser- from the college on Feb. 8, provided Strobel reasoned that "technology isvice sponsored by the Greater Los an overview of current virtual refer-synonymous with change" and, there-Angeles Area Metropolitan Coopera- ence initiatives. Part two gave viewersfore, it is important to use technol-tive Library System. One of the orig- a realistic picture of the pros and consogies that are adaptable enough toinal 16 libraries that participated in of setting up a virtual reference service. change with the times. She encour-CDRS, the Santa Monica library also Each of the session's four presentersaged librarians to be flexible, andallows patrons to submit reference " librarians and library administratorsto take advantage of the tools nowquestions online at www.smpl.org/ recognized for their pioneering work in available to them to create new kindslibrary/forms/refques.htm. the digital reference field" had imple-of partnerships with experts in their The speakers all shared the view- mented some kind of virtual reference community. Cleveland Public Librarypoint articulated by O'Neill: "Virtual service in their own institution. has done this with its KnowitNowreference should be considered a core The speakers included Diane Kresh,online "live-chat" reference serviceservice meeting the client where they director of the Library's Public Service(www.knowitnow24x7.net) whichare, when they need us." Collections Directorate; Tracy Stro-expands itsreference network to bel, Cleveland Public Library; Janainclude experts such as law librarians, Laura Gottesman is a digital reference Ronan, University of Florida's Georgenurses, and tutors to bring new kinds specialist in the Public Service Collections A. Smathers Libraries; and Nancyof resources to their patrons and corn- Directorate. QuestionPoint Released Libraries Invited to Join Global Reference Service The Library of Congress' Public Ser-of the day or night through theirat www.questionpoint.org, the service vice Collections Directorate (PSCD)library's Web site. The questionsenables reference librarians to share and the Online Computer Librarywill be answered online by qualifiedtheir resources and expertise with each Center (OCLC) of Dublin, Ohio, havelibrary staff from the patron's ownother and with their patrons free of developed a new collaborative onlinelibrary or may be forwarded to a par-charge in unprecedented ways. Ques- reference service, QuestionPoint, whichticipating library around the world.tionPoint is now in use in the majority was released on June 3. Available to libraries by subscriptionof the Library's 21 reading rooms. The QuestionPoint service provides libraries with access to a growing collaborative network of reference librarians in the United States and Rmseon_FWM around the world. Library patrons can submit questions at any time Collaborative Reference Service 139 JUNE 2002 113 2002 National Book Festival Second Annual Event To Be Held October 12

T ibrarian of Congress James H. Billington and Laurabooks, family letters and albums; and performances repre- Bush have announced that the second National Booksenting a wide range of America's musical traditions. Festival will be held on Saturday, Oct. 12, 2002. The festival "Reading and libraries are crucial to our national well- is free and open to the public and is scheduled to run frombeing. We want this National Book Festival to stimulate 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. interest in authors, reading and the world of books and ideas," Billington said. Author and storytelling presentations and other activities will take place in pavilions on the I I West Lawn of the Capitol, thanks to support from Congress. Pavilions will be devoted to "Story- telling," "Fiction & Imagination," "Mysteries & Thrillers," and "History & Biography," with two pavilions for "Children & Young Adults." Play- ) IV ers from the National Basketball Association and Women's National Basketball Association's "Read to Achieve" program will again be par- Iv. 11, N w wr ,g ticipating in one of the children's pavilions. A Library of Congress pavilion will include infor- H i* P!. T mation on its popular Web site and other services r ...211.111Uttam. to the public. The areas between the reflecting pool and 4th Street N.W. on the National Mall will house tents for food sales, musical performances, book signings and sales, as well as a "Pavilion of States" (which will highlight state reading programs and local libraries) and a "Let's Read America" pavilion that will provide practical information about reading and literacy promotion activities throughout the United States. The festival was moved from its 2001 location on the East Lawn of Carol Dyer the U.S. Capitol due to the construction of the U.S. Free posters will be available at the National Book Festival. Capitol Visitors Center. In late summer and early fall, the National Book Hosted by Laura Bush and sponsored by the Library Festivalof will be promoted across the country at events spon- Congress, the event will take place on the West Lawn of thesored by 22 state centers for the book, which are affiliated U.S. Capitol. The festival is made possible by charter spon-with the Center for the Book in the Library of Congress. sors AT&T, WorkPlace USA and The Washington Post with These events will be supported by grants from AT&T and additional support from patron sponsors: the James Mad-the Carnegie Corporation. ison Council of the Library of Congress, PBS, Target and For more information about the National Book Festival, other contributors. call toll-free (888) 714-4696 or visit the festival's Web site at "America was transformed three days after the firstwww.loc.gov. National Book Festival was held Sept. 8, 2001," said the first lady. "But one thing that did not change was our love of spending time with friends and familyespecially our children. The second annual book festival will give us an opportunity to celebrate and share our love of books, reading and storytelling." fr Building on the success of last year's inaugural National Book Festival at the Library of Congress, this year's event will feature more than 70 award-winning authors, illustrators and storytellers. Events will include author readings and book discussions; performances by storytellers; book sales and signings; appearances by children's storybook characters such as Clifford The Big Red Dog; a conservation clinic for .; 6 114 MST COPY EVAILA LE 140 INFORMATION BULLETIN Classification Web Now Available Cataloging and Reference Product on the Web

Classification Web, the first Web-uct," said Cheryl C. Cook, Classifica-bration of CDS, Classification Web was based cataloging and referencetion Web product manager at CDS.displayed at the Library of Congress product from the Cataloging Distribu-"Class Web will meet a real need in thebooth at the Georgia World Congress tion Service (CDS) of the Library oflibrary community," she said. "Having Center during the annual conference Congress, has recently been released. both Library of Congress Classification of the American Library Association Classification Web lets users access,and Subject Headings in one product (ALA), June 13-19. search and browse all Library of Con-makes it easy to see the relationships In addition, a new video on the gress Classification (LCC) Schedulesbetween the two schemas and find theevolution of CDS premiered at the and Library of Congress Subject Head-precise information you need." Library of Congress booth at the ALA ings. It speeds the process of verifying Pilot tester Shelby E. Harken of the conference, tracing the history of cata- and assigning classification numbers to University of North Dakota reportedloging from cards to book-form cat- library materials by providing up-to-that "Classification Web is easy foralogs and microfiche to online data- date access through any Web connec-copy and original catalogers to use,bases to the Web. tion. The product also provides auto-and it will prompt more consistent Classification Web is available by matic calculation of classification tableassignment of subject and class num-annual subscription. Prices start at numbers, permanent personal or insti-bers." Harken also said that the$375 for individual users and $575 tutional notes file, the ability to link to a product's "speed and correlationsfor one to four concurrent users. local Web online public access cataloghelp to quicken the decision-makingFor subscription options, prices and (OPAC) for many major vendor sys-process." completeproductandordering tems, and links to a pre-set list of insti- Library of Congress Director forinformation, visit www.loc.gov/cds/ tutional OPACs. Cataloging Beacher Wiggins said thatclassweb.html or contact: Library After a successful pilot test in 2001,"Classification Web will be of keenof Congress, Cataloging Distribution which drew 6,978 users worldwide and interest to any library that classifies itsService, Customer Services Section, often more than 400 users daily, CDScollection according to the LCC, and its 101 Independence Ave., S.E., Wash- fine-tuned Classification Web based onimportance to the cataloging commu- ington D.C. 20541-4912. Telephone user response to the test. nity will continue to grow now that the(800) 255-3666 (toll-free in U.S.), out- "The response to the pilot test wasWeb is becoming integral to catalogingside U.S. (202) 707-6100, TDD (202) fantastic, not only in level of interest,activities." 707-0012, fax (202) 707-1334, e-mail: but also in enthusiasm for the prod- As part of the 100th anniversary cele- [email protected].

Library Issues Report on Digital Talking Books

The National Library Service (NLS) previously offered by analog audio for the Blind and Physically Hand-cassettes. Digital Talking Books icapped in the Library of Congress "Production of current titles in DTB recently issued a progress report onformat is scheduled to begin in 2004," its Digital Talking Books (DTB) proj-said NLS Director Frank Kurt Cylke. ect. "Digital Talking Books: Progress"The effort to convert from an analog to DateMay 2002" updates the proj-to a digitally-based program will be Progress to Date ect's initial publication, "Digital Talk- completed by April 2008. At that ing Books: Planning for the Future-time, approximately 20,000 retrospec- July 1998." tive audio titles will be available in dig- A DTB is a collection of electronic ital format." files arranged to present information NLS has been working on the devel- through alternative media to readersopment of a DTB since 1997, when May 2002 who are blind and physically handi-it took the lead in the collaborative capped. A DTB can include a file con-effort to develop a national standard taining the contents of the documentfor this new medium. In December in text form, thereby permitting output 2001,membersoftheNational through synthetic speech, refreshableInformation Standards Organization braille display devices, or visual dis-(NISO) voted to approve "Specifica- play in large print. DTBs will providetions for the Digital Talking Book" end users with more flexibility in navi-as an American National Standard. gating through a document than was continued on page 118 141 JUNE 2002 115 Tabb Receives Spofford Award Retiring Associate Librarian Honored by DCLA

By SUSAN MORRIS following areas: innovative leadershipand information services. Tabb was Winston Tabb, associate librarianin the advancement of library or infor-selected for this year's award by the for library services, has addedmation services; promotion and devel-DCLA Awards Committee chaired by another honor to his long list of achieve-opment of improved public under-Kathryn Ray, librarian of the District mentsthe Ainsworth Rand Spoffordstanding of library and information of Columbia Public Library's Tenley President's Award from the District ofservices; significant influence on atti- branch. Columbia Library Association (DCLA).tudes of public or private officials Tabb has been active in academic Director for Acquisitions and professional library Nancy Davenport accepted associations throughout the award on Tabb's behalf his career. As a student, at the DCLA Spring Banquet he joined Beta Phi Mu, held at the Willard Hotel in the library science honor Washington on May 22. society, while earning a Tabb, who recently second master's degree announced plans to retire at the Simmons College from the Library to move GraduateSchool of to Johns Hopkins University Library and Information in September to become Science in 1972. (He also Dean oftheUniversity earned a master's degree Libraries and Director of the in American literature as a Sheridan Libraries, includ- Woodrow Wilson Fellow ing the Milton S. Eisenhower at Harvard University in Library,reflected on the 1964.) meaning of this award after On the national level, receiving so many others. he has served on the "Looking back on 30 years Research Libraries Advi- of service at the Library of sory Committee of the Congress, during which I have Online Computer Library met librarians all over the Center (OCLC), the Vis- world, I find myself deeply iting Committee for Har- moved by this award from vard Libraries, and the my local library association," National Digital Library said Tabb. "Membership in Federation Policy Com- DCLA gives me a chance to mittee; he has also rep- interact in a personal, spon- resented the Librarian of taneous way with other local Congress on the National librarians,including some Commission on Libraries Libraryof Congresscol- and Information Science. leagues who find time to serve Internationally, Tabb on DCLA committees. Seeing hasservedtheInter- what can be accomplished at nationalFederationof the local level gives me real Library Associations and satisfaction and will provide Gail Flneberg Institutions(IFLA)in some of my warmest mem- Winston Tabb many capacities: as vice- ories as I prepare to take on chairman of the Profes- new challenges at the Johns Hopkinswho are in a position to support thesional Board, chairman of the National University Libraries." improvement of library and infor-Libraries Section, and chairman of the Named in honor of the Librarianmation services; promotion of a sus-Coordinating Board for the Division of of Congress and first president oftained legislative approach to improv-General Research Libraries. At the 67th DCLA (1894-95), the Spofford Pres-ing the ability of libraries to provide for IFLA Council and General Conference ident's award is the highest honorexpanded services to users; promotionheld in Boston in August 2001, he was conferred by DCLA. It recognizesor development of a program result-elected chairman of the newly formed contributions to the development oring in a sustained increase in volun-IFLA Professional Committee and will improvement of library and informa- tary support of library and informationserve on the IFLA Executive Commit- tion services as evidenced by outstand- activities; and creative application oftee. He is the Library's representative ing achievement in one or more of thetechnology to the delivery of library continued on page 117

116 INFORMATION BULLETIN 142 aSS New Acting Library Services Head Beacher Wiggins Named to Post

eacher J.E. Wiggins, director for cataloging since JuneLibrary in June 1997, having served as acting director since L1997, will serve as acting associate librarian for LibraryJanuary 1995. Prior to that, he was chief of the Library's Services upon the Sept. 1 retirement of Winston Tabb,Arts and Sciences Cataloging Division (1992 to 1995) and announced James H. Billington, Librarian of Congress, on assistant to the associate librarian for collections services June 19. Wiggins will serve while the from 1986 to 1991. His entire library Library recruits and appoints a per- career has been at the Library, start- manent associate librarian. ing in 1972 as a cataloger and moving "Mr. Wiggins has made significant into more responsible positions in and valuable contributions both to cataloging and technical services. the national cataloging mission of An active member of the American the Library and to the Library itself. Library Association (ALA), Wiggins He has deep experience in and was elected recently to the ALA commitment to Library Services. I Council as a member at large. look forward to his participation in Most recently, he served as the agency-wide decision-making at this Library's chief negotiator in the new important time of transition. Beacher Collective Bargaining Agreement Wiggins will ably sustain the goals between the Library and the Guild, and initiatives to which Winston AFSCME Local 2910. He currently Tabb has devoted so much of his represents the Library on the Inter- energy during his distinguished national Federation of Library Asso- tenure in Library Services," said the ciations and Institutions Standing Librarian. Committee on Bibliography. Tabb, who leaves to head libraries at Reflecting on his appointment, Johns Hopkins University (see story, Wiggins said, "I am extremely hon- p. 116), warmly welcomed Wiggins' ored by the confidence placed in me appointment. "Beacher has been an by the Librarian and by my depart- Gail Flneberg invaluable source of wise counsel Beacher Wiggins ing boss, Winston, to step into this and support during my leadership of interim role. Succeeding Winston Library Services. I have unreservedly counted on his profes-will not be easy, even on an acting basis. With the support sional expertise and standing, especially as we implemented of my fellow directors in Library Services, along with that the Integrated Library System. I am eager to begin workingof the exceptional staff in the service unit office and the rest., with Beacher immediately to ensure the smoothest possible of the divisions, I will work to keep Library Services on transition," he said. track to realize some of the important initiatives started by Wiggins was appointed director for cataloging at theWinston."

Tabb Finance Division, Congressional Research Service, is in continued from page 116 his second year on the board. Gail Sonnemann, now an information technologist in the Copyright Automation to the Conference of Directors of National Libraries andGroup, Copyright Office, was honored with the Com- the G7 Global Digital Library Project. munity Service Award in 1998. Trellis Wright, Copyright The American Library Association (ALA) presentedOffice, served as DCLA President in 1994-1995. Tabb with its Melvil Dewey Medal in 1998, for creative The current secretary of DCLA is Barbara Conaty, leadership in, and distinguished contributions to, the senior instructor in the Technical Processing and Automa- national and international library communities. tion Instruction Office. She noted, "DCLA does a lot of The DCLA was founded in 1894 and became a chaptergood in the local library community, through scholarship of ALA in 1922. Other Library staffers have also received assistance, informal mentoring, and partnering with the significant honors from DCLA. John Y. Cole, director ofAmerican Library Association Washington Office to orga- the Center for the Book, received the Spofford President'snize ALA Legislative Day, which brings librarians from Award in 1996. Shirley Loo of the Office of Informationother communities to Capitol Hill. Membership in a local Resources Management in the Congressional ResearchALA chapter like DCLA is an opportunity to energize Service received the DCLA Distinguished Service Awardyour profession and to focus, in a small way, on topics of in 1991 and the DCLA Community Service Award thisbig interest." year. Loo has just been elected to the DCLA Board of Directors. Michael W. Kolakowski, Government and Susan Morris is assistant to the director for cataloging.

JUNE 2002 143 117 Staffer Wins Mann Citation Jean Hirons Awarded ALA Honor

can L. Hirons, coordinator ofduring the ALA Annual Conference,Rhode Island and a bachelor's degree the Cooperative Online SerialsJune 13-19 in Atlanta. in fine art from Marietta College, Ohio. CONSER) Program in theSerial The Margaret Mann CitationFrom 1997 to 1999, she worked with Record Division at the Library of Con-Committee presented the award tocolleagues nationwide to develop a gress, received the Margaret MannHirons for her "extraordinary contri-new concept in training, which built on butions to serials catalog-the collaborative model of CONSER. ing." According to the cita-CONSER is a cooperative program r27..r.:7:724.r.,...',...... ZZ'Arli, tion, Hirons has influencedconsisting of 30 libraries, including the 1,re/11,1.n 13 11 both the theory and prac-Library of Congress and the National i .1/r.m E. ?Jiro. h h ' tice of serials cataloging inLibrary of Canada, which builds and h ; a changing environment. maintains a master database of author- i.. h I Hirons' most notableitative bibliographic records for seri- contributionhasbeenals and creates and promulgates seri-

Wan /Ikons revising the "Anglo-Amer-als cataloging standards for the United - - - - I ican Cataloguing Rules"States and other countries. To date, IP111,, 3I (AACR) to accommodatethree courses have been released, and serials and developing thetwo more are in the works for release Serials Cataloging Coop-in 2002-2003. erative Training Program, Established in 1951, the award is a new concept in librarynamed after Margaret Mann, a pioneer training. She enlisted thein library cataloging and classification help of colleagues from thewhose contributions in the first half of United States, Australia,the 20th century continue to have influ- the United Kingdom, Ger-ence today. It recognizes "outstanding many and Canada in orderprofessional achievement in cataloging to explore and proposeor classification, either through pub- broad changestothelication of significant professional lit- catalogingrules.Theyerature, participation in professional expanded theexistingcataloging associations, demonstrated AACR2 Chapter 12 for seri- excellence in teaching cataloging, or als to cover a new conceptvaluable contributions to practice in Gregory Cannon of "continuing resources"individual libraries." The award also Jean Hirons by introducing new rulesincludes a $2,000 donation from the Citation from the Association forfor the cataloging of Web sites, data-Online Computer Library Center to the Library Collections and Technical Ser-bases and looseleafs. The new ruleslibrary school of the winner's choice. vices (ALCTS), a division of the Ameri-will be issued in August and imple-Hirons will give the scholarship to her can Library Association (ALA). mented by libraries later this year. alma mater, the University of Rhode The award was presented June 17 Hirons holds a master's degree in Island, which named her alumna of the at the ALCTS President's Program,library science from the University ofyear in 2002.

Talking Books representatives and network librari-test winners will be announced in continued from page 115 ans, to plan for the deployment of dig-July. ital information technology through Free copies of the 54-page report On March 6, 2002, the standard was the national network of 136 cooperat-are available in large print, braille, approved by the American Nationaling libraries. and recorded cassette from the Ref- Standards Institute (ANSI) as ANSI/ NLS has also designed and pro-erence Section, National Library Ser- NISO Z39.86-2002. grammed a software-based DTBvice for the Blind and Physically NLS completed a life-cycle costplayer that runs on a personal com-Handicapped, 1291 Taylor Street, analysis model to compare the costsputer. In cooperation with the Indus-N.W., Washington, D.C. 20542. To of the current audio cassette programtrial Designers Society of America,expedite requests, telephone (202) with projected costs for the proposedNLS is sponsoring a contest for703-5100, fax (202) 707-0712, or DTB program. In 2001, NLS estab-industrial design students, chal-e-mail: [email protected]/ref. The report lished the Digital Long-Term Plan-lenging them to design the exterioris also available on the NLS Web site ning Group, made up of consumerof a portable DTB player. The con-at www.loc.gov /nls.

118 INFORMATION BULLETIN 144 00 Krug on 'Interesting Times' Free Speech Advocate Discusses Intellectual Freedom

By LAURA GOTTESMAN Department of Justice to court tojustices found that: Libraries play an important roleblock enactment of the legislation. If Adults cannot be limited in their inprotecting Americans'Firstthe government appeals, the Supremereading material to only that which is Amendment right to free speech, andCourt would decide whether to hearsuitable for children; free access to information is the corner- the case. There are alternate means, such stone of the democratic process. as filters, for parents to use at These were the twin messages home, to protect their children; delivered by Judith Krug, direc- and tor of the American Library The Internet is more like Association's (ALA) Office for the print medium than like the Intellectual Freedom, in a May broadcast medium and deserves 23 lecture at the Library. the same, if not more, First The lecture in the Library's Amendment protection enjoyed Coolidge Auditorium was the by print. first in a new series titled "Lumi- "As librarians, our job is to nary Lectures @ Your Library" bring people and information sponsored by the Library's Public together," Krug observed. "We Service Collections Directorate. do this by making sure libraries "When I think about our world provide information and ideas today and, particularly, what's across the spectrum of social and happening in the intellectual political thought, so people can freedom arena, I can't help but choose what they want to read or remember the old Chinese prov- view or listen to. Since libraries erb, 'May you live in times provide information to all of the that are interesting, " said Krug. people in their community, we "In truth, the issues confronting find, from time to time, that not librarians today really are inter- all of our users agree with all of esting and affect everything we the material we acquire. Some do. They range from confiden- users find materials in their local tiality and privacy to advocacy library collection to be untrue, and access to ideas, from diver- offensive, harmful or even dan- sity to development, to name gerous. But libraries serve the only a few. These issues are a part information needs of all of the of our landscape, and that land- people in the communitynot scape encompasses the oldest just the loudest, not just the most mediumbooksand the new- powerful, not even just the major- estthe Internet." Judith Krug ity. Libraries serve everyone." Krug, a long-time free speech Krug concluded her presen- activist and one of the founders of Three judges on a special paneltation with an aptly chosen quotation ALA's "Banned Books Week," spear-declared the Children's Internet Pro-from James Madison, who contem- headed alegalaction (Americantection Act "invalid under the Firstplated the importance of "popular Library Assn. Inc. vs. the United States)Amendment" because it would haveinformation"; it is engraved on the wall that challenged the Children's Internetrequired libraries to use technologyat the entrance of the Library's Madi- Protection Act. On May 31, a federalthat blocks access to legitimate sitesson Building. appeals court in Philadelphia struckon the World Wide Web, while still "A popular Government, without down the law, which would havegiving access to some pornographicpopular information, or the means of required public libraries to install Inter-sites, reported The Washington Post. acquiring it, is but a Prologue to a Farce net filters to prevent younger patrons Krug placed this particular case inor a Tragedy; or, perhaps both. Knowl- from encountering potentially objec- the context of a long line of legal chal-edge will forever govern ignorance: tionable content online. Libraries not inlenges that have emerged in responseAnd a people who mean to be their compliance with this law would haveto the evolution of the Internet as anown Governors must arm themselves been denied federal funding for com-unprecedented medium of free speech. with the power which knowledge puters and Internet access. She described an earlier ruling on the gives." The ALA, the American Civil Liber-Communications Decency Act, which ties Union, and several public librar-the U.S. Supreme Court struck down Laura Gottesman is a digital reference ies joined forces and took the U.S. in 1997 because, according to Krug, the specialist in Library Services.

JUNE 2002 145 119 s Communities Reading Together State Centers for the Book Idea Exchange

BY JOHN Y. COLE the Wallace-Reader's Digest Funds,tured work to book discussion groups AtA t the Center for the Book's annualwith additional support from KUOWduring the two months prior to the center "idea exchange" onPublic Radio. Thanks to private giftsauthor's visit. May 1, 2000, the Washington Center for to the Seattle Public Library Foun- The Washington Center for the the Book, located at the Seattle Publicdation and a major grant from theBook also develops study guides Library, won the Boorstin Award for aNational Endowment for the Human-(called "reading group toolboxes") in significant contribution to the nationalities, "If All of Seattle Read the Sameadvance and encourages book groups program. The citation for the $5,000Book" is now a continuing annualand individuals throughout the Seat- award highlighted "If All of Seattleprogram of the Washington center.tle region to read and discuss the fea- Read the Same Book," a pioneeringFor more information, contact thetured book. The toolboxes are avail- reading promotion project that hasWashington Center for the Bookable at all 25 Seattle Public Library inspired similar projects in other citiesat the Seattle Public Library, 800locations as well as at many local and states. In fact, at the same meet-Pike St., Seattle, Wash. 98101, tele-bookstores. Toolboxes are also avail- ing, the Virginia Center for the Bookphone (206)386-4184 ore-mail:able on the Washington Center for the announced its sponsorship of a [email protected] or (206) 386-4650,Book Web site, www.spl.lib.wa.us/ long "All Virginia Reads" project. e-mail: [email protected]. wacentbook/centbook.html. Pearl and her colleagues have developed specific criteria K,7145SA t401. KT:11..'DfICO N.WettA for selecting the book and its author. First of all, he or she has to be a major, well-established writer who has produced a body of work. Next, the author needs to be a person who is willing to talk to readers at several different events and, in all probability, at several different levels of discussion. Finally, the book itself must be a work that pro- vokes discussion, most John V. Cole Nancy Pearl (center), coordinator of the Washington Center for the Book at the likely through well- Seattle Public Library, talks about the "One Book" project phenomenon at thedeveloped characters May 6 annual meeting of state center coordinators. Others in the photo (left towho are dealing with right) are Marcie Cate (New Mexico), Jay Lamar (Alabama), Stanley Romansteinissues in their lives and Paul Druckman (Minnesota). with which readers can identify. Today, community projects to read "If All of Seattle Read the Same The featured "If All of Seattle Read and discuss "One Book" are rapidlyBook" brings the author of the selectedthe Same Book" authors and books growing in popularity. A featured sec-work to Seattle for a residency thathave been: 1998, "The Sweet Here- tion of the Center for the Book's Webincludes a live discussion on publicafter" by Russell Banks (HarperCol- site (www.loc.gov/cfbook) lists 63radio, a free program for the generallins, 1991); 1999, "A Lesson Before such projects in more than 30 states. public, "meet the author" programs atDying," by Ernest Gaines (Vintage "If All Seattle Read the Same Book" selected area libraries, a reception withBooks, 1997); 2001, "Fooling with was started in 1998 by Nancy Pearl,donors to the Seattle Public LibraryWords," by Bill Moyers (Morrow, coordinator of the Washington CenterFoundation, videorecordings for cable1999); and 2002, "Wild Life," by Molly for the Book. Designed to broadentelevision and videotapes, which areGloss (Mariner Books, 2001). and deepen appreciation of literatureadded to the Seattle Public Library's Across the nation, the most popu- through both reading and discus-collection for checkout by patrons.lar book for "One Book" projects is sion, the project was supported forThe Washington Center for the Book"To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper its first three years by a grant fromlends hundreds of copies of the fea-Lee (featured thus far by ten different

120 INFORMATION BULLETIN 146 * 0

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District of ColumbiaCenter for the Book libraries or library systems), followed been controversial. In New York, it by Ernest Gaines' "A Lesson Before didn't work at all. A committee of 15 Dying." librarians, bookstore owners and edu- Each library or sponsoring group cators could not agree on a single title, develops its own criteria for selecting finding itself deadlocked between a book and author. Many organiza- "Native Speaker," a novel by the tions look to local authors. In 2001 the Korean-American writer Chang-Rae Arkansas Center for the Book, based Lee, and "The Color of Water," a at the Arkansas State Library, picked memoir by James McBride. "To Dance With the White Dog" by And what does Pearl think of the Arkansas author Terry Kay. In Hawaii evolution of "One Book"? At the 2002 for the opening of the Hawaii Center for the Book this February, Center for the Book Director John Y. Cole partic- CONNECTICUT ipated in the launch of "If All Mauibased at DeKalb County Library, is Read the Same Book" at the Kahuluifeaturing "Ecology of a Cracker Child- CENTER FOR THE BOOK Public Library on Maui. The featuredhood" by Janise Ray, a title chosen writer, Maui author Deborah Iida, from the center's Georgia Top 25 Read- gave potential readers an enticing pre-ing List. North Carolinia's Asheville- view of her book, "Middle Son." ThisBuncombe Library System is focus- year, the Georgia Center for the Book, ing on Wilma Dykeman's "The French Broad," a volume in the Rivers of America series. The District of Columbia Library chose "Having Our Say" by Sarah and A A. Elizabeth Delany for its "One Book" project for the summer of 2002. Hart- ford, Conn.'s "One Book for Greater Hartford" project was "Breath, Eyes, Memory," a novel by Edwidge Danti- cat. The Virginia Center for the Book's ambitious "All Virginia Reads" proj-state center "idea exchange" meeting ect in 2000 featured a nationally knownon May 6, she explained that her feel- author who was born and raised inings were mixed. On one hand, she Virginia, William Styron. His book,is pleased that the "one book idea" is "Sophie's Choice," was read in bookpopular, but she worries that its origi- clubs and discussed in many Virginianal purpose, at least as she envisioned schools and libraries throughout theit, is becoming obscured by public rela- year. Styron himself made severaltions considerations and the occa- Washington appearances, usually with his biogra-sional controversy. "This was never pher, James L.W. West III. The year cul- intended to be a civics lesson," she said. Center for the minated with a black-tie event at thePearl restated the project's purposes: to Virginia State Library honoring Styrondeepen an individual's understanding and attended by celebrities such as hisof literature by introducing people to personal friends Peter Mattheissen andgood new books and their authors and Mike Wallace and actors Kevin Kline"bringing strangers together to talk Book and Meryl Streep, who starred in theabout a work of literature." at the 1982 movie version of the novel. The choice of a book and author isMr. Cole is director of the Center for the Seattle Public Library not always easy. In many cities, it hasBook in the Library of Congress.

JUNE 2002 147 121 News from the Center for the Book Reading Promotion Partners The Center for the Book will be 25 years old in October 2002. Thistum grew through the 1989 "Year of the Young Reader" is the seventh in a series of articles that summarizes its activitiesand 1991 "Year of the Lifetime Reader" campaigns; more during its first quarter century. than 80 organizations promoted the "Lifetime Reader" theme. By the end of the 1992 "Explore New Worlds- The Center for the Book promotes reading through its I affiliated state center network and its reading promotion partnership program. More than 90 civic, educational and professional organizations are part of the partnership program, which includes both national and international groups. For a list of participating organizations and information about their activities, see the center's Web site, www.loc.gov/cfbook. The reading and literacy promotion activities of the center's organizational partners vary in accordance with each group's overall purpose, but each has developed a THE YEAR OF THE cooperative relationship with the Center for the Book and its program of reading promotion themes and projects. Each partner is invited to the Library of Con- gress once a year for a reading promotion partners' "Idea Exchange Day," where good ideas for promoting books, reading, literacy and libraries are shared, new projects are introduced, and new partnerships are formed. Forty-five organizations participated in this year's meeting, which was held at the Library on March 18. Many of the part-. ners also present their projects and distribute literature in READER the "Great Ideas for Promoting Reading" pavilion at the National Book Festival. Three Center for the Book projects in the 1980s moved the center towards a partnership program. Each resulted in a publication: "U.S. International Book Pro- grams 1981" (1982), which described the programs of 31 U.S. government and international agencies; "Reading and Suc- cessful Living: The Fam- -AK ily-School Partnership" (1983), based on a 1981 symposium at the Library; and llI-' AL. "The Community of the Book: A The Library of Congress Directory of Selected Organizations and Pro-"The Year of the Young Reader" campaign in grams" (1986), which1989 brought the Center for the Book nearly 20 outlined the programsnew organizational partners, each interested in of 89 private-sector andpromoting reading and literacy for children and government organiza-young adults. tions. The partnership program formally startedREAD" campaign, more than 100 organizations had in 1987 when the centerbecome reading promotion partners. The enthusiasm and launched "The Year ofskill of Michael Thompson, a Center for the Book consul- the Reader," itsfirsttant from 1989-1995, put the partnership program on a national reading promo-firm footing for the future. In the mid-1990s, many literacy tion campaign. Momen-organizations joined the program for the first time.

122 148 INFORMATION BULLETIN . o

S Reading Promotion Partnership Highlights (1987 to date) THE COMMI:MIT:?* 1987.The Center for the Book OF THE BCOK begins enlisting organizational partners to support the "Year of the Reader," its first national reading promotion campaign. Thecenterproduces"The Reader," by New York artist Will Barnet, its first reading promotion poster. Nov. 15-16, 1989.Plans for future partnerships are formulated at the conference "Learn- ing Opportunities for Children: Libraries and Their Partners," the final Library of Congress event of the "Year of the Young Reader" campaign. The conference, cosponsored with the Association for Library Service for Children, begins with a White House reception hosted by first lady Barbara Bush, honorary chair of the "Year of the Young Reader." April 1, 1991.At the White House Easter Egg Roll, Center for the Book staff members pass out more than 6,000 "I'm Going to Be a Lifetime Reader" lapel stickers. 1993.The center publishes "Developing Lifetime Readers: A Report on a National Reading Promotion Campaign." Jan. 19, 1994.The center hosts its first annual "Idea Exchange Day" for partners focusing on ideas to promote

Tara Holland, Miss America 1997, was the official campaign spokesperson for "Building a Nation of Readers," the Center for the Book's sixth national reading promotion campaign.

"Books Change Lives," the national reading promotion theme for 1993-1994. Center for the Book Director John Y. Cole announces that the number of partners has increased to 128, an all-time high. 1996.The center publishes "Books Change Lives: A Report on a National Reading Promotion Campaign." March 20-21, 1997.Tara Holland, Miss America 1997, launches the center's "Building A Nation of Readers" national reading promotion campaign. Sept. 8, 2000.With support from organizational partners interested in promoting literacy and reading internationally, the Center for the Book hosts the U.S. commemoration of International Literacy Day. This successful

Jim Higgins cooperative effort leads to the creation of the International The Center for the Book staff distributed "I'm Literacy Network; the center is a founding partner. Going to be a Lifetime Reader" lapel stickers on Sept. 8, 2001.Sixty of the Center for the Book's organi- April 1,1991, at the White House Easter Egg Roll. zational partners promote their projects in the "Great Ideas Pictured from left to right are: Michael Thompson, for Promoting Reading" pavilion at the first National Book John Cole, Anne Boni, Maurvene Williams and Festival, hosted by first lady Laura Bush and sponsored by Pat White. the Library of Congress.

JUNE 2002 149 123 THE LIBRARY OF 101CONGRESS INDEPENDENCE AVE.PUBLIC S.E. AFFAIRS OFFICE PRESORTEDLIBRARYPOSTAGE OF STANDARD CONGRESS & FEES PAID PENALTY FORWASHINGTON, PRIVATE USE $300 DC 20540-1610 OFFICIAL BUSINESS DATED MATERIAL WASHINGTON,PERMIT No. DC G-103 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CZ IfINFORMATION you wish to be BULLETINremoved from the mailing list ISSN 0041-7904 address.theaddresstofor Bulletin, the this labelabove publication pleaseand address. return. address check If To change yourrequesthere inquiresis missingrequired to issue(s)theenter above on of and return this page The LE: Y *

ti 1 Vol. 61, 7-$ uly August 200E

1fs 4

(tVETERANS%-

HISTORY 3EST COPY PROJECT AVAILA3 The LIBRARY of CONGRESS O z Informatio-s Az, ulltin JAMES H. BILLINGTON Vol. 61, No. 7-8 July-August 2002 Librarian of Congress

On the Cover:Sam Billison, president of the Navajo Code Talkers Association, answers questions at a press conference for the Veterans History Project. Cover Story:Veterans share their stories with the world through the American Folklife Center's Veterans History Project. 127 Hoosiers at War:Sen. Richard G. Lugar (R-Ind.) shared a wealth of his state's veterans' information with the Library. 130 A Call to Action:Librarian of Congress James H. Billington 127 dedicates a "living momunent." 131 A Home for Scholars:The Library has unveiled the new John W. Kluge Center for resident scholars in the Jefferson Building.132 New Fellows:Two members of the Library staff have been selected as Kluge Staff Fellows. 134 King Gesar's World:Kluge Scholar Robin Kornman discussed the Tibetan Gesar of Ling epic at the Library May 23. 136 Webcasting Rates:New rates for transmission of audio on the Internet have been announced by the Copyright Office. 137 Remembering September 11:The Library will mount an extensive exhibition and host several programs commemorating the anniversary of terrorist attacks on America. 138 Save Our Sounds:A new grant will help the Library restore and digitize endangered audio recordings. 139 vOLKLIA,,tt,132 Live Chat:The Library has introduced real-time reference through 416* the Web. 140 Cartoon and Caricature Fellowship:The Swann Foundation at the 1:) Library has selected a fellow for 2002-2003; also, applications are being accepted for 2003-2004. 141 A New Musical Season:The Library has announced its 2002-2003 schedule of free concerts. 142 News from the Center for the Book 144 RY C)(3 The Library of Congress Information Bulletin (ISSN 0041-7904) is issued 11 times a 139 year by the Public Affairs Office of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in the United States. It is also available on the World Wide Web at www.loc.gov/today. Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive the Bulletin on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library's Director for Acquisitions and Support Services, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. All other correspondence should be addressed to the Information Bulletin, Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-1610, e-mail lcib @loc.gov. HELEN DALRYMPLE, Editor SAMUEL L. MCLEMORE JR. & JOHN H. SAYERS, Designers 144 AUDREY FISCHER, Assignment Editor 152 0

a Veterans yeart e C Folk life Center Spons rsistory PrI

By CRAIG D'OOGE "Finally, I have the time to type these notes and letters. In retrospect, they seem as from an age out of the distant past. I sit here listening to a stereo hi-fi radio that was built in Korea.When I was there, they didn't even have electricity. Japan has since become a leading power in the world. ... I wonder if they are grateful for our contribution in blood?" These are the words written by 1 John Berlo of Gardner, Mass., in his introduction to a journal he kept during military service in Korea from July 1951 to May 1952. At first glance, it seems like a simple question: "I wonder if they are grateful...?" But behind these words lies a sense of bitter irony. A man sits in his living room, surrounded by things manufac- Ray Stubblebine tured in countries he once thought ofDavid Dombrowski, a high school sophomore from New Jersey, as "defeated." He wants to make someinterviews Sam Billison, president of the Navajo Code Talkers sense of his life, so he pulls out a jour-Association at a D-Day Commemoration on the USS Intrepid. nal he kept during the war. But he The Veterans History Project begangress to collect the stories of all vet- finds no answers here, only the dailywith a conversation between a youngerans, from all ranks and all branches record of the comings and goings of amember of Congress and his family.that served in World War I, World naive young man, someone he barelyRep. Ron Kind, D-Wis., was at a familyWar II, and the Korean, Vietnam and recognizes anymore. So he puts hisgathering a few years ago and beganPersian Gulf wars.This was later journal in a box and sends it to theto ask his father and uncle about theirexpanded to include those who gave Library of Congress. Maybe some-military service in Korea and Worldtheir support on the home front as body there can make sense of it. War II. civilian volunteers, support staff and All over America, veterans are send- "I was so impressed by what theywar industry workers. ing their stories to the Library of Con-said that I thought more Americans After the legislation passed, the first gress. Once again, they are answeringshould have the opportunity to shareorder of business was to find a direc- a call to serve their country. But thistheir stories with future generations,"tor for the program. Ellen McCulloch- time they are answering not with theirthe congressman said. Lovell, former director of the White bodies, but with words and pictures. When Kind returned to Washington,House MillenniumCouncil,was Photographs, letters, videotapes, dia-he introduced a bill to establish therecruited for the position. A former ries and bound volumes are beginning Veterans History Project in the Librarychief of staff to Sen. Patrick Leahy to flow into the offices of the Veteransof Congress, under the auspices of the(D-Vt.), McCulloch-Lovell has more History Project at the Library of Con-American Folklife Center. With hun-than 30 years of experience in creating gress. dreds of co-sponsors, primarily Rep.cultural and historical programs in In spite of recent problems in receiv-Amo Houghton (R-N.Y.), Sen. Maxthe public sector, including the White ing mail on Capitol Hill, an astonishingCleland (D-Ga.) and Sen. Chuck HagelHouse "Save America's Treasures" variety of material is arriving, includ-(R-Neb.), the bill received broad bipar-program that attracted millions of dol- ing many original letters and photo-tisan support and passed both houseslars to save hundreds of important his- graphs that would otherwise be con-in less than a month. President Clintontorical sites and artifacts such as the sidered treasured family keepsakes.signed it into law on Oct. 27, 2000. "star-spangled banner" and the USS There are now more than 1,000 per- The project was officially announcedMissouri. sonal histories documented in the col-by the Library on Veterans Day, Nov. Recently asked what she first thought lection.The project gets more than11, 2000, with a press release notingabout the project, McCulloch-Lovell 100 telephone calls and e-mails a day.that more than 19 million war veteranssaid, "I knew it was important, and About the same number of instructionare now living in the United States butI knew the task would be huge. But kits on how to participate are mailedalmost 1,500 die each day. The legis-what I didn't anticipate was all the out daily. lation called upon the Library of Con-steps along the way."

JULY-AUGUST 2002 127 153 . 0

ass Those steps have included findingican Legion, and the American Histori-called to find an interview trainer office space, hiring staff, recruiting part-cal Association to local organizationsfor their nurses and hospital workers. ners, raising funds, attracting press cov- like the Adult Learning Programs ofWorking with the Oral History Associ- erage, establishing procedures, startingAlaska, the Montana Heritage Project,ation, project staff were able to put the a database, creating a Web site, cata-and individual schools and historicalhospital in touch with someone who loging material, training interviewerssocieties from almost every state in thecould help them in nearby Norfolk, and reassuring all the veterans whounion. A recent analysis showed thatVa. call that their stories are important. All about a quarter of the partners are vet- To date, about 100 congressional this has been accomplished, and more,erans organizations, with the next larg-offices have participated in the project and now the results are directly. A mass mailing starting to show. of special participation "I am really starting to kits went out to every see the momentum build congressional office just as the project gets more before Veterans Day last established," McCulloch- 300 I year and in advance of Lovell said. Memorial Day 2001 and The project's founding 2002. Each kit contains sponsor, AARP, a non- a letter from the Librar- profit membership orga- ian of Congress inviting nization for persons 50 410 memberstobecome and older with some 35 involved with their con- million members, has stituents, as well as a list pledged $1 million a year of things to do, a sample to support the project for letter, a speech and a three years, in addition press release that can be to mobilizing participa- adapted for local use. tion by its many state and In addition, two special local chapters. The small congressional briefings amount of appropriated on how to participate funds available for the were held at the Library project ($250,000 annu- this spring, attracting ally) has been supple- a some 80 staffers who - mented by a grant for were given kits and a $80,000 from the Dis- tour of the project's Web abled American Veter- www.oc.gov/vets site, www.loc.gov/ ans Charitable Trust to folklife/vets. produce large print and A group of 26 prom- audio versions of kits inent leaders, called the for participants. AARP I A "Five-Star Council," has helped with a special been named by Librar- printing of some 50,000 ian of Congress James H. kits, which are "flying Billington to advise the out the door" according project and help bring it to McCulloch-Lovell. The increased national visi- group also helped estab- bility. Members of the lish a toll-free number, council held their first (800) 315-8300, for auto- meeting at the Library mated fulfillment of kit Ray Stubblebine on Nov. 8, 2001. requests. Lt. Col.Lee Archer Jr. (Ret.) speaking at the June 6 Speakers included There are now 13 full- event in New York City Billington, Sen. Hagel, time staff members work- Rep. Kind, Sen. Daniel ing on the Veterans History Project. est group comprising archives and his-K. Inouye (D-Hawaii), former Rep. About half are on temporary assign-torical societies. Sam M. Gibbons (D-Fla.), Deputy ment or detail from other areas of the Thanks to a recent arrangement withLibrarian Donald Scott, Secretary of Library.Four program officers arethe American Folklore Society andVeterans Affairs Anthony J. Principi, assigned to work with the differentthe Oral History Association, officialformer AARP President Tess Canja types of organizations that have signedpartners and congressional offices canand Lt. General Julius Becton (Ret.). on as official project partners. call the Veterans History Project andDuring his remarks, Sen. John Warner, More than 250 organizations arearrange for one of these organizations(R-Va.), told Billington, "I cannot think involved in the project, ranging fromto conduct a training session in theirof any charge given to you by Con- national groups such as the Daughters local community.For example, thegress of greater significance than this of the American Revolution, the Amer-Portsmouth Naval Hospital recentlyone."

128 INFORMATION BULLETIN 0 p

That significance was underscored most recently at a special D-Day commemoration and call to action that the Veter- ans History Project held on June 6 aboard the USS Intrepid's "sea-air-space museum" in New York City. More than 500 ,.:. Excerpts of % area veterans, partners and school children turned out to Interviews see a new video about the project produced by the AARP. .. They learned about the importance of the project from the . Librarian, AARP President Jim Parkel, and Five-Star Coun- ,,. from the cil member Lt. Col. Lee Archer Jr. (Ret.). Peggy Bulger, director of the American Folklife Center, discussed the prin- Veterans ciples of a good interview. Her talk was followed by a dem- ' History onstration, as high school sophomore David Dombroski interviewed Sam Billison, one of the celebrated Navajo "code-talkers" who developed and used a secret code based Project on the Navajo language during World War II. The June 6 event received wide coverage in the media. "When I enlisted, I wanted to get into the Navy; Willard Scott mentioned the project on the "Today Show," I wanted PT boats because I had a background and ABC radio carried a report of the event nationally. U.S. on the water. But when I went into the Navy area News and World Report ran a story in its June 10 issue with where they were taking enlistments, I couldn't see pictures of two of the letters that Jerry Brenner, 82, donated the end of it.I never saw so many people. I think to the project, part of an amazing collection of 1,261 letters every man that was available was volunteering that he and his wife exchanged during his two years of ser- and signing up. So I walked out into the lobby vice in World War II. That collection alone, bound in 11 and there I saw a sign, and it had a picture of air- notebooks, takes up about three feet of shelf space in the planes in formation %flying over in it, and I said, offices of the Veterans History Project. 'Boy, that's for me.' Why is this project so successful? Why, after all these Art Cressman years, are so many people sitting down for interviews or Air Force, World War II boxing up cherished mementos and sending them to the Recorded at the Lakeview Village Library of Congress? retirement community "We seem to be at the end of a historical cycle," says Lenexa, Kan., April 2001 McCulloch-Lovell. "Many people are now in their 80s, and they are saying, 'I went over' or 'I was drafted. I fought, and it changed my life. But when I returned, I was so glad just "I remember one of the mothers telling me, 'I am to be alive that I just wanted to live my life. Now I want to so thankful that my daughter went into the ser- go back to my experiences and reconnect.' So many people vice because now she stands up straight and looks have told me 'my kids never asked me about the war,' or wonderful' ...and I had several mothers who told 'my dad never talked to me about it.'" me the same thing.It was just how they were McCulloch-Lovell also thought that part of it may be involved and wanted to show just how good the baby boomer generation getting older and learning to women were. And I think they did. appreciate what their parents and grandparents did, as Mary Louise Rasmuson evidenced by the popularity of films such as "Saving Pri- Member of the first WAC vate Ryan," or Tom Brokaw's book, "The Greatest Genera- class of World War II tion." Recorded at her home in "But I think it's also that we are living in a time of national Fairbanks, Alaska, May 2001 crisis and we want to learn how other people handled a time of crisis. One woman told me after September 11 she asked her grandmother about Pearl Harbor for the first "All the heroes from Vietnam are dead....Those time. She said she never thought to ask about it before. We of us who came home that were decorated...are have a lot to learn from these people. And then there is also heroes in their own right, and they suffered too. just the ordinary human urge to hear people's stories, to try But the real heroes are dead. to understand what someone else's life was like." Or, as Paul Skogsberg of Winter Park, Fla., writes of a col- Samuel Miller Jr. lection of old love letters he once wrote to a certain Army Combat security policeman, Vietnam nurse during World War II who later became his wife: "It is Recorded by a student interviewer a true story, and if it is told in an unorthodox fashion, I know Columbia College of no other way to tell it. As you will see, it is my story." Chicago, Ill., May 2001 Whatever the reason, the Veterans History Project is well on its way to creating an important body of documentary A selection of video interviews from the Veterans His- materials that will inspire and educate for many years to tory Project is available in RealMedia and Quicktime for- come. mats at www.loc.gov /folklife /vets /sights. Craig D'Ooge is media director in the Public Affairs Office.

JULY-AUGUST 2002 129 155 Hoosier Histories Lugar Gives Library Indiana Veterans' Stories

By GAIL FINEBERG gives students an understanding of "what life was like in growing interest in interviewing its war veteransthe forties or during the periods of the Korean or Vietnam Indiana'sfor the Library's Veterans History Project will contributewars, the outlook of people who were living lives in our to the flow of veterans' tape-recorded interviews, letters,communities then, who were attempting to do their part memoirs, diaries and photographs to Library of Congress for their country," Lugar said. archives. He said he had witnessed "vivid discussions" in three Sen. Richard G. Lugar (R-Ind.), presented the Libraryhigh schools, in which students planning their interviews and Veterans History Project managers from theexpressed their own sense of service to their country. American Folk life Center with several packets of Lugar noted that an Austin, Ind., newspaper carried a Indiana veterans' materials during a brief ceremony infront page story about the town's high school participat- the Members Room of the Thomas Jefferson Buildinging in the project. "The paper in Austin considered this on June 28. Lugar has engaged 15 of his staff members in to be a very significant event; it got front-page coverage organizing the project because of its impor- in Indiana and in inter- tance to people," he viewing veterans. said. "We have exceeded The senator, a Navy 500 interviews," Lugar veteran, later told a said. "The good news groupofreporters is that we now have that he hadinter- 30 partners, including viewed two veterans Purdue University and himself. "They had anumberofhigh remarkablestories, schools, as well as a and vivid memories of number of veterans' events that occurred organizations who, as over 50 years ago. I speak, are interview- One, telling his story ing more Hoosier vet- of the Battle of the erans." Bulge, was able to "We are just at the recollect the circum- beginning," Lugar said. 1 stances remarkably," "The 500 is a very small Lugar said. down payment on all He predicted that that is to follow; this is "these nuggets of his- certain to move in geo- tory," many of them metric proportions as never before shared the enthusiasm in Indi- Greg Cannon by reticent veterans, ana increases for this Senator Richard G. Lugar (R-Ind.) will enhance the project." knowledge that histo- Lugar said Hoosiers appreciate the Library's role of col-rians have of events that shaped the 20th century. lecting, preserving, and making accessible the personal Accepting the Indiana veterans' histories on behalf of histories of veterans who fought in World War I, Worldthe Librarian, Associate Librarian for Library Services War II, the Korean War, Vietnam War and the PersianWinston Tabb noted that, in the "mere 17 months" since Gulf conflict. the Library accepted Congress' unanimous charge to lead "I think the people of Indiana take this [project] verythe project, the Library had amassed "an army, and a seriously because of the partnership with the Library ofnavy, of volunteers" to help, among whom were 291 part- Congress," Lugar said. "The thought is ... that we willner organizations and members of Congress. bring these tapes and records and photographs to the "We particularly wanted members of Congress involved Library of Congress, where they will be appropriately ...in the project, but it was beyond our wildest dreams that processed in all the ways that you do so well, so that thewe would ever have a member who would be as enthu- friends and relatives of these veterans in perpetuity willsiastic and deeply involved on a personal level as you be able to gain access, through the marvels that are nowhave beenall the more remarkable because of all the available in technology, to these stories." responsibilities you have as a senator," Tabb said, thank- Lugar said he thinks it is appropriate to involve highing Lugar for his contributions. school and college students in the project to interview veterans and capture their memories on tape. The project Gail Fineberg is editor of The Gazette, the Library's staff brings people of two and three generations together andnewsletter.

130 INFORMATION BULLETIN I 5 a 'A Living Monument to All Who Served' James H. Billington Is Remarks at June 6 Event

Irrlistinguished speakers remember what was done on Land guests: It is inspir- their behalf. That is why Con- ing to see you all here today, gress unanimously created the to honor those who fought the Veterans History Project in the decisive battle on D-Day, 58 Library of Congress' American years ago, and to carry on their Folklife Center. memories and the histories of Members of Congress wanted those who fought in other wars the national library to collect the that changed the world, earn- personal accounts of veterans ing us the freedoms we have and civilians who served our today. It is especially moving to nation in wartime. We can all be on board the USS Intrepid, a read the history books. But hear- ship that fought in three wars, - ing the firsthand experiences is and to be near the site of the living history. If we are to pro- September 11 attack on Amer- tect our future, then every gen- ica. eration has much to learn from With your help, and the help those who served. of children, grandchildren, and As World War I and World volunteers across the country, War II veterans leave us, we the Veterans History Project of want to be sure they leave their the Library of Congress will stories behind. become a living monument to Almost six decades ago, cit- all who served, who sacrificed, izens answered a call to arms. who changed the course of his- Now I ask you to answer a dif- tory. ferent call: a call to action to Fifty-eight years ago, the ensure that these stories of ser- United States and our Allies vice are heardand preserved hurled an unimaginable force for future generations. against the tyranny of the If you are a veteran of World

Nazis: over 5,000 ships and Ray Stubblebine War I, World War II, or the landingcraft;1,500tanks; James H. Killington, Librarian of Congress Korean, Vietnam or Persian 10,000 airplanes; and 150,000 Gulf wars, we want to hear troops. Behind them, thousands more men and women from you. If you served in any of the service branches, the military and civilian alikewho planned and executedCoast Guard or Merchant Marine, and if you served as a Operation Overlord, directed by General Dwight D. Eisen- civilian to support the war effort, we want to collect your hower. story. But more than that overwhelming power, it was the The Veterans History Project is enlisting veterans orga- courage of those who fought that won the day. Over 4,000 nizations, libraries, museums, classrooms and civic orga- in the landing force died during the invasion and duringnizations to identify and interview veterans, and to send the days after June 6on the beaches, on the cliffs, in thethe Library their audio or videotaped accounts, or written fields of France. Fortunately, many lived through thosememoirs, letters, diaries and photographs. harrowing hours to tell us what they did, and what it There is a complete instruction kit on how to do an means to them almost 60 years later. interview, ask for these documents, and send them to the People like Philip Russell of Kirkwood, N. Y., whose vid- Library. The Veterans History Project is talking to hun- eotaped interview for the Veterans History Project tells usdreds of veterans and their families each week and mailing about his parachute landing into a field of cows, and whatthem the kit, or letting them know about all the informa- he did that fateful day, in vivid recall. tion on the Web site. [Like] Sam Gibbons, a young soldier from Florida, who The result will be a living memorial of personal accounts led the parachute infantry forces of the101st Airborne inwhose value will increase over the years, as students, that pre-dawn invasion, and went on to serve in Congressteachers, family members, researchers and others extract for 34 years. Congressman Gibbons is a member of our dis-the experiences recorded here. The Library of Congress tinguished Five-Star Advisory Council. Today he is speak-and the American Folklife Center will preserve these sto- ing in France, in a small town he helped liberate 58 yearsries and make them available to the public, as a legacy of ago. honor for generations to come. Each of the stories enriches our history and brings it To forget is to jeopardize the future of our democracy; to to life for our children and their children, who mustremember is to be good citizens. Thank you very much."

JULY-AUGUST 2002 131 157 o

* Kluge Center Has Open House New Scholars Occupy Renovated Space

BY GAIL M. FINEBERG scholars, plus staff offices and space fordriver and see to the smallest detail," L'finished and furnished in mahog-conferences and small-group meetingsthe Librarian said. "And behind him any, staffed to assist scholars, and or demonstrations. is the great staff of the Library, who equipped with new computers, a scan- Prosser Gifford, director of the Officeknow the depth of the collections, are ner, and a microfilm reader, the Johnof Scholarly Programs who heads thededicated to scholarship, and have an W. Kluge Center is ready to receivecenter, observed that the design andaptitude for asking questions that serve the world's top scholars. The centerlocation of resident scholars' officesas a catalyst for ideas and interaction celebrated on July 17 with an open"combine privacy and congeniality.with the materials," he said. house in its renovated Thomas Jeffer-Both eminent senior scholars and Later, Billington recalled one Satur- son Building space. younger post-doctoral fellows will beday morning during the spring of the in residence, sharing intellec-Library's bicentennial year, in 2000, tual and social space while when he sat at his kitchen table musing usingtheLibrary'svastabout the state of the Library over a research collections," Gifford cup of coffee with his wife, "as I often said. do." Completion of the center's The Library's bicentennial celebra- renovation, together with the tion had been a headline-grabbing suc- arrival this summer of thecess, with a year-long succession of first group of scholars to use symposia, exhibitions, publications, the space, is the realizationcommemoratives, congressional proc- of a dream that James H. lamations, gifts to the nation, concerts, Billington had nurtured since local legacies and more. Information in 1987,theyearhe wasdigital format was beginning to flow appointed Librarian of Con-from the Library's historical collec- gress. tions to the Internet like champagne "When I was sworn in, Ifrom a bottleto use the metaphor said I hoped that the LibraryBillington had repeated often since would go out more broadly,1987 to describe his goal of making the using digital technology toLibrary's collections more easily acces- make its magnificent collec-sible to researchers and the public. tions available more widely,Congress and generous donors were and that scholars would go insupportive of his vision, and millions more deeply, interacting withof dollars in private and appropriated the Library's diverse, mul-funds were flowing into the Library to ticultural, multimedia col-enhance and preserve the collections lections," the Librarianand build a library without walls. recalled. But there was one more major thing He thanked three people:he wanted to accomplish, he told his his wife, Marjorie, for encour- wife. He envisioned the world's schol- aging him to pursue his ars gathering at the Library to interact ideas; John Kluge for believ-with the collections and the Library's ing in his ideas and endow-own scholars and curators. He envi- ing five chairs for distin-sioned scholars in residence "going guished senior scholars, updeep" into subjects that fascinated to a dozen post-doctoral fel- them, searching for answers among the lowships, staff fellowships,Library's manuscripts, maps, prints, and a prize to be awarded tophotographs,music,newspapers, Lisa Whittle The new John W. Kluge Center a scholar for lifetime achieve- broadsidesmaterials in some 460 lan- ment in the human sciences;guages. He pictured them thinking, and Gifford for overseeingwriting, testing their theories on one Library curators, research special-the project and attending to all theanother, and engaging in informal con- ists and reference librarians, as well asdetails that made the dream comeversations with members of Congress other staff members, came to tour thetrue. as well as with one another and Library quarters-26 cubicles for Kluge fellows "Prosser is the sort of public servant staff. on the upper level of the colonnade who is able to talk to the best minds in In his mind's 18th-century eye, he and 13 offices below for visiting seniorthe world, but who will take a screw-saw the framersthe thinkers and

INFORMATION BULLETIN 132 158 S doers of of their timeas they applied their knowledge ofHirsch is the author of numerous articles on law and society world history, governments and new political theories toin Islamic culture; her book, "Pronouncing and Persever- the creation of American self-government. He imagined thating: Gender and the Discourses of Disputing in an African a center for scholars within the Library could revive thatIslamic Court," was published in 1998. interplay of ideas and actions, that the world's thinkers of Jennifer Keene, a Library of Congress International Stud- today could share their knowledge, insights and wisdomies-Mellon Program Fellow, will be working on a project with the nation's doersthe legislators who formulate titled "La Force Noire: African American and West African national policy and oversee the bureaucracies, who are theSoldiers in the Great War " an attempt to compare the defenders of the homeland and declarers of war and peace. experiences of African Americans to those of West African "Well, write it all down," his wife said. And so he did. Forcolonial troops in France during the First World Warin two days he sat typing at his computer at home and draftedorder to test the widely-held belief that France was a color- his vision of a Library of Congress center for scholars. blind society. Keene, who has been on the faculty of the Uni- Then he called John W. Kluge, who as the founding chair- versity of Redlands since 1996, previously taught at the Uni- man of the Library's Madison Council in 1990 had given versity of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Universite de Paris generously to one Library project after another. BillingtonXII and Carnegie-Mellon University. explained the rationale and particulars of his vision. "He Helgard Mahrdt, recipient of a Kluge Fellowship, will be seemed to like the idea," he recalled. studying "Hannah Arendt's Political Thinking in the Mirror In a few days, Kluge called back with an unequivocalof Her Literary Portraits." A German scholar working in "Yes," he would help the Librarian realize his dream. Norway, Mahrdt was trained in literature and political "John Kluge is the exemplar of a benefactor," the Librar- science at the universities in Gottingen and Bremen. She ian said. "He framed not a single condition, not a single received her doctorate at the University of Tromso and is on question. And he did not even ask that his name be given tothe faculty of the German department at the University of the center." Oslo. Her studies have been funded in part by the Friedrich- On Oct. 5, 2000, the Librarian joined with Sen. Ted Ste-Ebert Foundation, the Norwegian Research Council and the vens (R-Alaska), then chairman of the Senate Appropria- German Literature Archive. tions Committee and of the Joint Committee on the Library, Library of Congress Rockefeller Humanities Fellow in to announce that Metromedia President John Kluge hadIslamic Studies, Mina Marefat, will be examining "Zaher given $60 million to the Library to establish the scholars' va Baten: Complexity and Contradiction in Islamic Archi- center and prize. tecture: A Case Study of Teheran." Marefat spoke at About his gift, Kluge said then, "I hope the free exchangethe Library's conference on Globalization and Identity in of ideas that will take place here between scholars and law-Muslim Societies conference in September 2000. President makers will enhance our democratic society." of Design Research Inc., an architecture and design firm in On that occasion, Billington said: "This magnificent gift byWashington, D.C., Marefat was formerly the senior archi- John W. Kluge will enable us to make an added contribution tectural historian at the Smithsonian Institution's National to restoring that wonderful, creative interaction between theMuseum of American History, where she initiated new world of thought and the world of action, between knowl-research and public programs. She teaches and writes on edge and the power of the mind, which is embedded in the modernism, culture and architecture and is director of archi- very nature of the Library of Congress itself." tectural education for the Aga Khan Trust for Culture. Kluge Fellow Pamela Swett, assistant professor of history Kluge Center Welcomes New Scholars at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, will focus on The first group of residential scholars to occupy the cen-"Selling Under the Swastika: The Refashioning of German ter's renovated location are arriving during July and AugustAdvertising After 1933." A 1992 graduate of Bryn Mawr of 2002; five are recipients of grants through the Library'sCollege, she continued her studies at Brown University Kluge Fellowship program, the Rockefeller Humanities Fel-where she received her doctorate in 1999. While a graduate lowships in Islamic Studies program, and the Library ofstudent, she was awarded research grants from the German Congress International Studies Fellowship-Mellon Program.Academic Exchange Service and the Friedrich-Ebert Foun- The fellows include Susan Hirsch, Jennifer Keene, Helgard dation for work in Berlin, Germany. Her dissertation, Mahrdt, Mina Marefat and Pamela Swett. In addition, the"Neighborhood Mobilization and the Violence of Collapse: center will host several other distinguished visiting scholarsBerlin Political Culture, 1929-1933," received Brown Uni- during the summer, including Edward Ayers, Derrick deversity's Joukowsky Family Dissertation Award for a dis- Kerckhove and Jean Bethke Elshtain. tinguished thesis in the social sciences. Susan F. Hirsch, Rockefeller Humanities Fellow in Islamic Papamarkou Consultant Derrick de Kerckhove will be Studies, will focus on "The Embassy Bombings Reframed:exploring the relationship between alphabets, books and Constructing Identities, Legal Meanings, and Justice" duringpeople of different cultures. De Kerckhove is director of the her stay at the Library of Congress. She hopes to produce aMcLuhan Program in Culture & Technology and professor volume of essays drawing on her personal experiences con-in the department of French at the University of Toronto. fronting tragedy in the embassy bombing in Dar es Salaam,He received his doctorate in French language and literature Tanzania, as well as her research in New York City after Sep- from the University of Toronto in 1975 and a doctorate in tember 11, 2001. Hirsch received her doctorate from Dukethe sociology of art from the University of Tours (France) University in 1990. In 1997-98, she was a Fulbright Fellow at in 1979. From 1972 to 1980, he worked with Marshall McLu- the University of Dar es Salaam, and she is currently chairhan as translator, assistant and co-author. In addition to his of the department of anthropology at Wesleyan University. continued on page 136

JULY-AUGUST 2002 159 133 Staff Scholars Two New Kluge Fellows Selected

BY PEGGY PEARLSTEIN and 60 articles; he has also presented Series published by G. K. Hall, she over- nan P. Taves, a senior cataloger inpapers at numerous conferences. saw the publication of five books and 1J the Motion Picture, Broadcasting In addition to working at the Library,edited seven before the series was dis- and Recorded Sound Division (MBRS),Taves was the founding editor of thecontinued. She has written a book for and Eniko M. Basa, a senior cataloger in"Archival News" section of Cinema the Twayne World Authors Series, con- the Serial Record Division, have beenJournal, which is the journal of thetributed essays and chapters to many selected as the Library's next KlugeSociety of Cinema Studies, and he is anthologies, written articles and reviews Staff Fellows. a member of the Society's Archivesfor a variety of academic journals, and Beginning on Oct.1, Taves andWorking Group. He is a foundingpresented papers at meetings of several Basa will begin their residency in themember of the academia interest groupprofessional associations, all on differ- Library's Kluge Center for a period ofof the Association of Moving Imageent aspects of Hungarian literature. up to 12 months. Archivists and a member of the edito- Basa is a founding member and past Normally, the Kluge Center awardsrial board of the association's journal,president of the Southern Comparative only one Kluge Staff Fellowship annu-The Moving Image. Literature Association and the founder ally, but this year, Librarian of Con- Basa will research Hungarian litera-and executive director of the American gress James H. Billington concurredture as useful and didactic as well asHungarianEducatorsAssociation, with the outside review committee's entertaining, and its direction in the 21stwhich is the only scholarly association suggestion that more than one staff fel- century. She will explore the wayof Hungarian academics and research- lowship be awarded because the qual- in which "commitment literature,"ers in the United States. She organized ity of the applicant pool was so high,which she defined as literature thatthe Hungarian Discussion Group of said Carolyn Brown, assistant librarianaddresses political and social prob-the Modern Language Association and for library services. lems, has inspired writers throughoutserved two five-year terms on its board Taves will research the papers of pro- the ages, how it was applied in Hun- of directors. ducer, director, screenwriter and actorgary and in the Hungarian literature A subcommittee of the Kluge Center Thomas Harper Ince (1882-1924). The of neighboring Central European coun-Staff Advisory Working Group selected papers, which are held in the Manu-tries, and how it is changing in con-these two research proposals from a script Division, were opened for exam- temporary literature, especially duringgroup of highly qualified projects sub- ination two years ago. The collectionthe transition from communism. Themitted by Library staff. The subcommit- contains 13,000 items, spans the yearsLibrary of Congress is the only institu-tee reviewed and rated the applications 1913-1964, and documents Ince's worktion outside Hungary that has a collec- for their completeness and appropriate- as a producer as well as business and tion able to support research in Hungar- ness to the program's goals. Members of legal dealings following his death. ian studies, specifically in Hungarianthe subcommittee are Donald de Glop- Supervising the production of someliterature. per, Reference Division, Law Library; 800 films in 15 years, Ince played an The Kluge Staff fellowship will allow Marilyn Kretsinger, assistant general important role in the transformationBasa to examine the literatures of othercounsel, Office of the Copyright General of Hollywood into an industry. HeCentral and Eastern European coun-Counsel; and David Morris, German departmentalized each activity, allow-tries. Ultimately, she hopes to write aarea specialist, European Division. ing for detailed advance planning andbook that will present commitment lit- Because of their overall excellence budgeting to minimize unexpected erature as an important thread in Hun-and the diversity of subjects, all of costs. Because much of his celluloidgarian literature and show how it isthe applications were forwarded to an output has been lost, the most appro- both similar to and different from the lit- external review committee appointed priate method of chronicling Ince'serature of other European traditions. by Prosser Gifford, director for schol- importance to the creation of the indus- Basa joined the staff of the Libraryarly programs. Members of the exter- try is to use his papers to compile ain 1977 as a serials cataloger. She grad-nal review panel, who were selected business history. uated from Trinity College in Wash-for their experience in judging research Taves joined the Library staff in 1991 ington, D.C. (1962), with a bachelor'sof the type proposed by Library staff, as a cataloger in MBRS. He receiveddegree in English. She received a mas-were Jaroslav Pelikan, Sterling profes- a bachelor's degree (1981), master'ster's degree (1965) and a doctorate (1972) sor emeritus of history and dean of the degree (1984), and doctorate (1988), allin comparative literature, with concen-graduate school at Yale University and in cinema history and criticism, fromtrations in English, German, Hungar- the first occupant of the Kluge Chair the University of Southern California inian and French, from the Universityfor Countries and Cultures of the North Los Angeles. He has written extensivelyof North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Basain the John W. Kluge Center; Catherine on the history of the studio system,taught literature in area colleges and uni-Rudder of George Mason University, and in particular, filmmaking as a busi-versities before she joined the Library. the former executive director of the ness enterprise. Taves has written three As series editor of Hungarian liter-American Political Science Association; books, a dozen chapters for anthologies,ature for the Twayne World Authors continued on page 139

134 INFORMATION BULLETIN 160. the-11.1,0TE7 Camgmoo invites you to the

2nd KIEIICDIThld3CDCDh o,gb)wEU hosted byLE:i[OPQ REION

Rme scaudoolIgn Saturday, October 12 10 a.m.- 5 p.m. ntrurnar:JrurTuRiTm3 IETECEriironi. The West Lawn of the U.S. Capitol and the National Mall 1_7anlarL.,-,Eramine First Street, S.W. Use the Capitol South, Union Station, or Smithsonian Metro

CG2h7iDMR12some of America's best-known authors, illustrators, and storytellers at an exciting festival for book lovers of all ages: Jimmy Santiago Baca Sebastian Junger David Baldacci David McCullough Andrea Barrett James McPherson Barbara Taylor Bradford Waddie Mitchell Ashley Bryan Edmund Morris Mary Higgins Clark Tim O'Brien Vine Deloria,Jr. Jerry Pinkney and Family Diana Gabaldon Anita Shreve Henry Louis Gates Dava Sobel Tony Hillerman Rosemary Wells and more!

For more information, call 888-714-4696, or visit WWW_.©g0g©WACDCDTlf@OR If you can't join us, watch Book TV on C-Span2 on October 12.

Spcoom AT &T, The Washington Post, and WorkPlaceUSA FgRITC)CiaThe James Madison Council, PBS, and Target Generous support was also given by the AOL Time Warner Book Group, Barnes and Noble, Borders Books and Music, The Coca-Cola Company, Half Price Books, Adele and Donald Hall, National Basketball Association, Scholastic Inc., and US Airways.

ASL interpreting services provided. All facilities are accessible to the public. Request other ADA accomommodations five business days in advance at 202-707-6362 or [email protected]

135 JULY-AUGUST 2002 , 4, O

s Kluge his doctorate from Yale in 1980, wasof "The Family in Political Thought" continued from page 133 elected to the American Academy ofand the author of more than 400 arti- Arts and Sciences in 2001. Among hiscles and essays in scholarly journals interest and research in technology andmany honors are the Frank L. andand journals of civic opinion. In 1996, communication, de Kerckhove is pro-Harriet C. Owsley Award, given inshe was elected a fellow of the Ameri- moting a new field of artistic endeavor,1993 by the Southern Historical Asso-can Academy of Arts and Sciences. A which brings together art, engineeringciation for the best book on Southernrecipient of seven honorary degrees, and emerging communication technol-history, and the James Rawly prize,Elshtain is co-chair of the recently ogies. Beginning in January 2003, hegiven in 1992 by the Organizationestablished Pew Forum on Religion will become the first occupant of theof American Historians for the bestand American Public Life. Harissios Papamarkou Chair in Educa-book on the history of race relations For more information about the John tion. in the United States. W. Kluge Center, contact the Office of Papamarkou Consultant Edward Jean Bethke Elshtain is a memberScholarly Programs, Library of Con- L. Ayers is dean of the college andof the Library's Scholars' Council,gress, 101 Independence Avenue S.E., graduate school of arts and sciences,an advisory group that assists the Washington, DC 20540-4860; telephone University of Virginia, and co-author,Librarian in matters pertaining to(202) 707-3302, fax (202) 707-3595; with Anne S. Rubin, of the CD- ROM,the Kluge Center and the Kluge e-mail: [email protected]. Web: "The Valley of the Shadow: TwoPrize. While in residence at thewww.loc.gov/kluge. Communities in the American CivilKluge Center, she will explore "Early War-The Eve of War" (2000). He willModern TheoriesofStateSov- Gail M. Fineberg is the editor of be meeting with history teachers inereignty." Elshtainisthe Laura the Library's staff newspaper, The North Carolina on creative ways toSpelman Rockefeller Professor of Gazette. Robert Saladini, one of the use the Library's American MemorySocial and Political Ethics at the Uni- Library's Leadership Development Web site before coming to the Libraryversity of Chicago. She is the author Program fellows, contributed to this for continuing discussions on the useof many books, including "The Jane article. of the Internet in education. Ayers,Addams Reader" (2001) and "Jane who received his bachelor's from theAddams and the Dream of American University of Tennessee in 1974 andDemocracy" (2001). She is the editor The Power of a Tibetan Hero Kluge Fellow Discusses Asian Epic

What makes a story or a hero reso-dation. He has traveled throughoutplayed sound recordings of traditional nate so strongly across cultures?Asia and Europe in search of peopleand modern music depicting the life Robin Kornman, one of the Klugefamiliar with the village dialect ofof King Gesar; he also showed slides Center's International Studies Fellows,the Yak herdsmen who lived near theof a modern brocade portraying King discussed this question in a May 23 pre-Yellow River and originally created theGesar as a Silk Route magician, a sentation titled "Nomadic Self-Knowl- epic of King Gesar. native Tibetan hero and an enlight- edge in Inner Asia: the Tibetan Gesar Although Kornman is a Tibetan-ened Buddha with rainbows emanat- of Ling Epic." King Gesar is a popularBuddhist translator and transcriber, heing from him. hero throughout Asia whose notori-found that he needed "better infor- "This Tibetan epic has traveled across ety, Kornman believes, will eventuallymants" to help him translate the story'scultures in what anthropologists define spread to the West. many written versions. Through hisas 'standard nomadic behavior, " said Kornman received a grant from thetravels, he located more than 100 vol-Kornman. Luce Foundation to work at the Libraryumes of works, previous translations Kornman used many texts in the of Congress using the Asian collectionsfrom the 1940s, and modern art andLibrary's Asian Division to assist in to complete his translation and studyartifacts relating to the heroism of King his editing and translation of 800 of this widely-known Tibetan epic, theGesar. pages of the epic, which is to be pub- largest existing oral narrative of the Silk Kornman found that the field oflished by Penguin Press. He thanked Route. Kornman received a doctorateanthropology, rather than compara-the Asian Division staff for locating in comparative literature from Princ-tive literature, helped him uncover thecrucial reference materials for him eton_ University in 1995, has degreescross-cultural elements associated withand paid particular tribute to the from the University of Colorado andthe tales of King Gesar. He noted thatLibrary's Tibetan specialist, Susan Indiana University, and has receivedthe epic is used today as a role modelMeinheit. research grants from many organiza-for the younger generation through- "I hope that one day readers will tions, including the Luce Foundation,out Asiathat of a devilish youth whobe able to find this Tibetan epic at the the American Council of Learned Soci- goes on to become a wise Buddha. Library of Congress on the same shelf eties and the Chiang Ching-kuo Foun- As part of his lecture, Kornmanas Homer's 'Iliad, he concluded.

136 INFORMATION BULLETIN 162 Royalties and Webcasting Librarian Sets New Rates for Audioon the Web

BY PETER VANKEVICH 20. According to George Thuronyi, a As a result, on July 23, 1999, RIAA filed In a highly anticipated decision,Copyright Office Web administrator, a petition in accordance with 17 U.S.C. Librarian of Congress James H.the site received an unprecedented 112(e)(5) and 114(f)(2)(B) to convene a Billington issued a final decision on 30,000-plus hits within 18 hours of theCARP for the purpose of setting rates June 20 that set the rates and terms for decision. and terms for these licenses, asserting the performance of sound recordings The Copyright Office and the Librar-that it had a significant interest in such by means of digital audio transmis-ian of Congress were also the recipi-a proceeding because it had estab- sions, better known as "webcasting." ents of more than 9,000 e-mail mes-lished a collective that comprises more The decision also recommendedsages since the first recommendations than 200 different recording labels and rates for the statutory license to makewere issued on Feb. 20. Because of aartists, including all of the major record "ephemeral" recordings used to facili-regulation (37 CFR 251.33) that statescompanies in the United States. tate the transmission of performancesno person outside the Library of Con- Before this proceeding could be con- of sound recordings. gress shall engage in ex parte commu-cluded, however, negotiations began The decision adopted the recom- nication with the Librarian of Congress to set rates for the second license period mendation of Register of Copyrightsor the Register of Copyrights on thebeginning on Jan. 1, 2001, and ending Marybeth Peters and rejected the ratesmerit or status of any matter, proce-on Dec. 31, 2002. Again, the parties and terms recommended by a Copy-dural or substantive, relating to the dis-could not reach a voluntary agreement. right Arbitration Royalty Panel (CARP)tribution of royalty fees, these e-mailsConsequently, the Copyright Office on Feb. 20. were handled by the Copyright Infor-consolidated the two proceedings into The mostsignificantdifferencemation Section, which provided gen-a single proceeding in which one panel between the panel's determination anderal background information about thewould set rates and terms for the two the Librarian's decision is that thehighly misunderstood legal process. license periods for both the Section 114 Librarian abandoned the panel's two- license and the Section 112 license. tiered rate structure of 14 cents (i.e.,Background In February, the panel made its deci- $1.40 per 1,000 listeners) for each per- The Librarian and the Copyrightsion and reported its determination to formance of "Internet-only" transmis-Office became involved in the con-the Librarian after a six-month hearing sions and 7 cents, (i.e., 70 cents pertroversy because of a provision inin which webcasters, broadcasters and 1,000 listeners) for each retransmissionthe Digital Millennium Copyright Actcopyright owners offered evidence for of a performance in an AM/FM radio(DMCA), passed by Congress in Octo-what the appropriate rate and terms broadcast, and decided that the rateber 1998, which granted record com-should be for the public performance of 7 cents will apply to both types ofpanies and performers the right to col-of a sound recording over the Inter- transmissions. lect royalties when their copyrightednet. By far the largest for a CARP pro- Some of the rates for noncommercial works were played via digital media,ceeding, the hearing record included a broadcasters have also been decreased, including Internet radio. That legisla-written transcript approaching 15,000 and the fee webcasters and broadcast-tion guaranteed that webcasters couldpages, many thousands of pages of ers must pay for the making of ephem-receive a statutory license to use thoseexhibits, and more than 1,000 pages of eral recordings has been reduced fromcopyrighted works at a rate to be deter-post-hearing submissions. 9 percent of the performance fees tomined later by the U.S. Copyright One of the provisions of the law 8.8 percent. Another important changeOffice and to be retroactive to Octoberthat drew controversy was that CARP was that the minimum payment for 1998. shall establish rates that most clearly business establishment services (back- On Nov. 27, 1998, the Library pub-represent the fees that would have ground music services that transmitlished a notice initiating a voluntarybeen negotiated in the marketplace music to be performed on businessnegotiation period for the purpose ofbetween a willing buyer and a will- premises) was increased from $500 toestablishing rates and terms for theing seller. The panel concluded that $10,000. digital public performance of a soundthe best evidence of the marketplace The decision generated unprece-recording license (as it pertains to web-rate for webcasting, including both dented media interest, including prom-casters) under Section 114 and for theretransmissions of radio broadcast inent coverage in all of the major news- making of ephemeral copies in further-signals and transmissions of original papers, and illuminated the Librarian'sance of a digital public performanceprogramming produced for Internet- and the Register of Copyright's rolesunder Section 112 for the period begin-only transmission, could be found in in a highly contentious area. A medianing on Oct. 28, 1998, and ending onan agreement reached by RIAA, rep- advisory was issued the previous week Dec. 31, 2000. resenting record companies that own by the Library's Public Affairs Office No voluntary agreements werethe copyrights in the vast majority of indicating that a summary of the deci-reached between the Recording Indus-sound recordings subject to the statu- sion would be available on the Copy-try of America Inc. (RIAA), the per-tory license, and Yahoo! Inc., a major right Office Web site at 5 p.m. on Juneformers, broadcasters and webcasters. continued on page 140

JULY-AUGUST 2002 163 137 `Witness and Response' Library Collects, Exhibits September 11 Materials

in the midst of the initial chaostrators about the impact of Septemberfor Documentary Studies at Duke Evenof the horrific events of September11 on their lives and work. University, which can be heard in 11, 2001, the Library of Congress began The exhibition will expose visitorsthe ground floor Orientation Theater; collecting materials documenting theto powerful eyewitness accounts andexamples of newspaper coverage from attacks. Since that time, the Libraryraw public reaction as documented byacross the United States and the globe, has been amassing material throughthe Library's collections, while at thecollected by the Serial and Govern- its public service divisions and over-same time commemorating the firstment Periodicals Division; photos seas offices. On Sept. 7, an exhibitionanniversary of the attacks. The exhi-documenting the devastation in New and Web site of selections from thisbition will be on display in the GreatYork, Washington and Shanksville, material will open, titled "WitnessHall of the Library's Thomas Jeffer-Pa., and other artistic responses to the and Response: Sept. 11 Acquisitionsson Building, First and Independencetragedy, collected by the Prints and at the Library of Congress." The WebAve. S.E., Washington, D.C., Mon-Photographs Division; posters, pam- site will be found at www.loc.gov/day-Saturday from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.phlets and newspapers gathered by exhibits. through Nov. 2. the Library's overseas field offices in A series of special free public pro- Among the many dramatic andJakarta, New Delhi, Cairo and Islam- grams called "Summon the Heroes" informative materials presented in theabad, which document the other side will accompany the exhibition. It willexhibition are: audio interviews con-of the "War on Terrorism"; and aerial include concerts by performers suchducted with average citizens aroundphotography and mapping that doc- as Tom Paxton and Suzanne Vega, asthe country by representatives of theument Ground Zero and the destruc- well as discussions by cultural histo-Library's American Folk life Center,tion at the Pentagon, acquired by the rians, photographers, artists and illus-edited in cooperation with the CenterGeography and Map Division.

Free Public Programs in the "Summon the Heroes" Series (Tickets required where noted)

Saturday, September 7 liams. Geoffrey Simon directs theate a panel discussion by the reporters Theexhibition "Witness andLibrary of Congress Chorale in thewho assembled the New York Times' Response: September 11 Acquisitions "Battle Hymn of the Republic" andPulitzer-Prize winning series "Por- at the Library of Congress" opens in the Stravinsky's choral arrangement oftraits in Grief" from 2 to 4 p.m. in North Gallery of the Jefferson Build-"The Star-Spangled Banner." The freethe Mumford Room, sixth floor of ing's Great Hall. concert will take place in the Jeffersonthe Library's Madison Building. Panel Building's Coolidge Auditorium, atmembers will include: Jonathan Land- Tuesday, September 10 noon. man, Metro editor; Christine Kay, Tom Paxton, folk singer-songwriter assistant Metro editor; Janny Scott, and recipient of the ASCAP Founda-Friday, September 13 Metro reporter; Anthony De Palma, tion 2002 Lifetime Achievement Award New York songwriter Suzanne Vegareporter, Financial desk; and Jan Hoff- in Folk Music, author of such classicsand fellow members of the Greenwich man, Metro reporter. as "I Can't Help But Wonder WhereVillage Songwriter's Exchange feature I'm Bound," "Under American Skies," their songs from the Vigil Project, aTuesday, September 24 "Peace will come, and let it begin with collection honoring the victims of the Lawrence Reger, president, Heritage me," presents a solo outdoor concert9/11 terrorist attacks, in a perfor-Preservation, and Jane Long, director on the Neptune Plaza of the Jeffersonmance in the Coolidge Auditorium, atof the Heritage Emergency National Building, at noon. The performance8 p.m. Included is Vega's own "It HitTask Force, will co-chair a panel dis- will include "The Bravest," Paxton'sHome"a song expressing "feelings,cussion on "The Impact of September tribute to the heroes of the New Yorkthoughts and observations from some-11 on Culture Heritage," from 2 to 4 police and fire departments who died one trying to make sense out of some-p.m. in the Mumford Room, sixth floor on September 11, 2001. thing seemingly senseless." The perfor-of the Madison Building. mance is free, but tickets are required; Thursday, September 12 they are available through TicketMas-Wednesday, October 2 Loras John Schissel, Library musicter by calling (301) 808-6900; (410) A panel discussion on "September specialist, conducts the "Virginia Grand 752-1200; or (800) 551-7328. 11th Comic Book Artists and Illustra- Military Band" in a program of Amer- tors" will be held from 2:30 to 4 p.m., in ican band music, including Sousa'sWednesday, September 18 the Mumford Room, sixth floor of the "The Stars and Stripes Forever" and Jeremy Adamson, chief of the PrintsMadison Building, with the following "Summon the Heroes" by John Wil-and Photographs Division, will moder-participants: Will Eisner, legendary cre-

138 INFORMATION BULLETIN io6 ator in the fields of comics and graphicforms "Uneasy Dances" in commemo- novels; Paul Levitz, president and pub-ration of the events of September 11 in Fellows lisher of DC Comics in New York,the Coolidge Auditorium of the Jefferson continued from page 134 editor and contributor to the two-vol-Building, at 8 p.m. The dance program ume anthology of comic book art inis free, but tickets are required; they are and Mary Augusta Thomas, assis- response to September 11; Jeff Mason, available through TicketMaster by call- tant librarian at the Smithsonian publisher of Alternative Comics and ing (301) 808-6900; (410) 752-1200; or Institution Libraries. editor of "9-11 Emergency Relief," an (800) 551-7328. The next Kluge Staff Fellowship anthology of comic book art relating to competition will be announced in the events; Peter Kuper, noted comicTuesday, October 22 mid-November. Applications will be artist, graphic novel creator and co- Photographer Joel Meyerowitz will due by dose of business on Feb. 14, founder of World War 3 Illustrated; anddiscuss his photographs of the World 2003. A briefing for interested staff Trina Robbins, leading artist, writer, and Trade Center site, taken daily from Sep- will be held in December. Additional authority on the history of women comictember 11 to May of this year, in the information about the Kluge Staff artists. Mumford Room, sixth floor of the Madi- Fellowship may be obtained from the son Building, from 2 to 4 p.m. Office of Scholarly Programs. Wednesday, October 16 An endowment grant of $60 mil- Photographer Carol Highsmith will Friday, October 25 lion in 2000 from John W. Kluge, discuss her photographs of the aftermath The Library's Office of Scholarly Pro- chairman of the Library's James of the attacks on the World Trade Center, grams and the African Middle Eastern Madison Council, provides funding the Pentagon and the crash in Pennsyl-Division cosponsor a workshop on for the Kluge Staff Fellowship. vania. The program will be held from 1"Teaching the Other: Muslims, Non- to 2:30 p.m., in the Mumford Room, sixth Muslims and the Stories They Teach," floor of the Madison Building. focusing on how different societies Peggy Pearlstein is an area specialist instruct their children about other cul- in the African and Middle Eastern Thursday, October 17 tures, in LJ 113 and 119 of the Jefferson Division. The Liz Lerman Dance Exchange per- Building, from 9 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. 'Save Our Sounds' Rockefeller Grant Supports Folklife Efforts rr he Rockefeller Foundation hascitizens, including our own Folklife Center staff, to accom- VOLKLIpt, I awarded a grant of $250,000 in sup-plish the work of the Save Our Sounds project. The gener- port of the Save Our Sounds audioous contribution from the Rockefeller Foundation ensures preservation project, a joint ini-that we will reach our goal of matching the original grant tiative undertaken by the Ameri-from the National Park Service, and that our precious heri- can Folklife Center at the Librarytage of sound recordings will be available for future gen- of Congress and the Center forerations." Folklife and Cultural Heritage Already undergoing preservation treatment are sound at the Smithsonian Institution.recordings of traditional singers from New England, 4r., Save Our Sounds is supportedsong and storytelling from the Pennsylvania Germans, by Save America's Treasures,revival church services from Appalachia, and spoken- a public-private partnership ofword recordings made by the American Dialect Society. the National Park Service and A major part of the endangered sound recordings ear- the National TrustforHistoricmarked for this project will undergo preservation and Preservation. digitization, and, thanks in large part to the support of The purpose of the project is to restore,the Rockefeller Foundation and many other generous con- preserve, describe and digitize endangered sound record-tributors, these recordings will soon become accessible to ings in the collections of the Library and the Smithsonianresearchers. and to set standards for other institutions to preserve and The American Folklife Center was created by Congress make accessible their collections of sound recordings. Thein 1976 and placed at the Library of Congress to "pre- grant will help to finance this project over the remainderserve and present American folklife" through programs of of this year. research, documentation, archival presentation, reference "This award is only the latest in the Rockefeller Founda-service, live performance, exhibition, public programs and tion's 60-year history of support for the Library's efforts totraining. The center includes the Archive of Folk Culture, preserve its collections of sound recordings," said Peggywhich was established in 1928 and is now one of the larg- Bulger, director of the American Folklife Center. "We haveest collections of ethnographic material from the United been raising funds from many organizations and privateStates and around the world.

JULY-AUGUST 2002 15 139 0

pG Live rarian istant Patrons Can Discss Research Online rr he Library's Public Service Col-reference librarians by way of the Inter- tion, or the Library of Congress Public 1 lections Directorate (PSCD) hasnet. These sessions might involve onlineAccess Catalog. A reference librarian launched a "live chat" reference serviceresources that the patron is having diffi-sitting at a Library work station in at its Web site. culty using, or hard-to-find informationWashington watches as the message Answering questions and assistingthat requires the expertise of one of theappears on screen and then types an patrons with their research, librarians Library's reference specialists. immediate response. This new service in selected Library reading rooms will The Library's service will initiallyis a step closer to becoming a library engage in online dialogue with patronsinvolve reference staff in the readingwithout walls. between 2 and 3 p.m., Monday throughrooms of the following divisions: Serial QuestionPoint is an international Friday. Access to this service will be pro- and Government Publications; Prints and online reference service, developed vided by the Library's online reference Photographs; Local History and Geneal- as the result of a cooperative agree- service, Ask a Librarian, at www.loc.gov/ ogy; Humanities and Social Sciences; and ment between the Library and Online rr/askalib. Science, Technology and Business. The Computer Library Center of Dublin, The service will be supported by thenumber of reading rooms in the serviceOhio, with input from reference Library's new QuestionPoint software may expand in the future, as well as hours librarians throughout the profession. (see www.questionpoint.org for more of availability. Librarians also will field It provides libraries with access to details), which gives libraries access to a questions about the Library's Americana growing worldwide collaborative growing collaborative network of refer- Memory online historical collections. network of reference librarians. Ques- ence librarians in the United States and Diane Kresh, director for PSCD,tionPoint software enables a patron around the world and enables librarians describes the chat reference service asof any subscribing library to submit and their patrons to communicate in new a new facet of the increasing accessa question any time of the day or ways. the Library can provide to its collec-night to the library by way of its Web The live-chat feature is the next besttions and expertise through the use ofsite. The responding library's staff thing to personal service in the Library,new technologies. Someone can be sit-member answers the question online which may be hundreds or thousands ofting at a computer with an Internetor forwards the question to another miles away from the researcher. A sophis-connection in Boise, Idaho, connect to participating library. This service, ticated cousin of instant messaging, livethe Library's Web site at the Ask awhich is available to libraries by chat enables patrons to discuss theirLibrarian address, and type a questionsubscription,isfreeforlibrary information needs directly with distantabout the online WPA Poster collec-patrons.

tory licenses. In making this deci-rates for the ephemeral recording Royalties sion, he adopted the panel's reason-license were also made, based upon continued from page 137 ing and recommendations so longthe evidence and the applicable as they were not arbitrary or con-standard. webcaster and Internet retransmit-trary to law. The rates and terms under this ter of broadcast radio signals. The Based onthisstandard,thedetermination cover the period panel based its decision on the ratesLibrarianacceptedthepanel'sfrom Oct. 28, 1998, through Dec. established in that agreement. determination that an agreement31, 2002. Under Section 802(g) of In accordance with Section 802(f)negotiatedinthemarketplaceTitle 17 U.S.C., any decision of the of the copyright law (Title 17between RIAA and Yahoo! repre-Librarian of Congress with respect U.S.C.), the Librarian had 90 dayssented the best evidence of market-to a determination of an arbitra- from date of delivery of the CARPplace rates for the digital perfor-tion panel may be appealed by report to review the determinationmance of a sound recording overany aggrieved party that would be and either accept or reject the pro-the Internet. The Librarian, how-bound by the determination, to the posed rates and terms of payment.ever, did not accept all of the panel'sU.S. Court of Appeals for the Dis- He is required to accept the deter-conclusions concerning its rationaletrict of Columbia Circuit, within 30 mination of CARP, unless the deter-for setting a rate twice as high fordays from publication of the deci- mination is arbitrary or contrary toInternet-only transmissions as com- sion in the Federal Register. law. On May 21, the Librarian, fol-pared to retransmissions of over- More information on this matter lowing the recommendation of thethe-air radio programming. Con-maybefoundon:www.copyright.gov/ Register of Copyrights, rejected thesequently, the Librarian adopted acarp/webcasting_rates.html panel's determination. Thirty daysunitary rate for each digital trans- later, on June 20, he issued a finalmission of a public performance ofPeter Vankevich is head of the Copyright determination, setting the rates anda sound recording made over the Information Section in the U.S. terms of payment for these statu-Internet. Further adjustments to the Copyright Office.

140 INFORMATION BULLETIN i.6 0

° -$611.r., -t.1 *a SwannFen liable Grant in Caricat r n frffere

The Caroline and Erwin Swann Foun- casually destroyed, and to foster crit- dation for Caricature and Cartoon, ical appreciation for aesthetic quali- located in the Library of Congress, ties such as draftsmanship, subtlety is acceping applications for its gradu- of line and wash in artists' original ate fellowship. The Swann Foundation drawingsqualities that are lost in awards one fellowship annually (with a reproductions. stipend of $15,000) to support continu- The foundation's support of research ing scholarly research and writing in and academic publication is carried out the field of caricature and cartoon. Com- in part through its program of fellow- pleted applications are due Feb. 14, ships. The application for the Swann 2003, and applicants will be notified in Foundation fellowship requires a state- spring 2003. The fellowship will cover ment of qualifications, project descrip- the 2003-2004 academic year. tion, research needs, and a budget. The To be eligible, an applicant must be a Caroline and Erwin Swarm Foundation candidate for a master's or doctorate at a for Caricature and Cartoon, adminis- university in the United States, Canada tered by the Library of Congress, is over- or Mexico; working toward the com- seen by an advisory board composed pletion of a dissertation or thesis for of scholars, collectors, cartoonists and that degree; or engaged in postgraduate Library of Congress staff members. Its research within three years of receiving Thomas Nast's cartoon, "A activities support the study, interpreta- a degree. Although research must be Group of Vultures Waiting fortion, preservation and appreciation of in the field of caricature and cartoon, the Storm to Blow OverLet Us original works of humorous and satiric there is no limitation regarding the place Prey," from 1871 is part of the art by graphic artists from around the or time period covered. Since the fund Swann collection of caricature world. encourages research in a variety of aca- and cartoon. Guidelines and application forms demic disciplines, there is also no restric- areavailable through the Swann tion on which university department might oversee a projectFoundation's Web site: www.loc.gov/rr/print/swann/ proposed for the fellowship, provided the subject pertains to swannhome.html; by e-mailing: [email protected]; or by caricature or cartoon art. calling Martha Kennedy in the Prints and Photographs In the interest of increasing awareness and extending doc-Division of the Library of Congress at (202) 707-9115. umentation of Library of Congress collections, fellows areImportant notice: Due to the anthrax scare of October required to make use of the Library's collections, be in resi- 2001, the Library of Congress still has problems receiving dence for at least two weeks during the award period, and mail. Use FEDEX, UPS, or another direct shipping service deliver a public lecture at the Library on his/her work into guarantee that your application and letters of recom- progress at that time. Each recipient must also provide a copymendation arrive by the Feb. 14, 2003, deadline. of his/her dissertation, thesis or postgraduate publication about the fellowship project, upon completion, for the Swann Foundation Fellowship files. Swann Foundation Announces New York advertising executive Erwin Swann (1906-1973) established Fellow for 2002-2003 the Swann Foundation for Caricature The Caroline and Erwin Swannture." Her dissertation examines and Cartoon in 1967. An avid collec- Foundation for Caricature andthe rise of caricature in 17th-cen- tor, Swann assembled a large group of Cartoon, administered by thetury Italy and explores the inter- original drawings by 400 artists, span- Library of Congress, announcesrelationship between it as a newly ning two centuries, which his estate the selection of Sandra Cheng, aemerging artistic genre and con- bequeathed to the Library of Congress doctoral candidate in art historyventional artistic categories, such in two installments in 1974 and 1977. at the University of Delaware, toas portraiture. Swann's original purpose was to com- receive its 2002-2003 Swann Foun- As a Swann fellow, Cheng is pile a collection of original drawings dation fellowship. requiredto make use of the by significant humorous and satiric The fellowship will supportLibrary's collections and be in artists and to encourage the study of research for Cheng's dissertation,residence for at least two weeks original cartoon and caricature draw- whichistitled"'IIbellodalduring the award period. She will ings as works of art. The emphasis on deforme': Form and Subject in Sev- also deliver a public lecture on her original works serves two purposes: enteenth Century Italian Carica-work-in-progress. to preserve art that is too often lost or

JULY-AUGUST 2002 167 141 4.1 1 Concerts from the Library Juilliard String Quartet Celebrates 40 Years

Gospel, jazz, rhythm and blues, folka vast range of American musical expres- cert nights for no-show tickets. and popular music, as well as classi-sionfrom gospel, rhythm and blues All concerts will be held in the Coolidge cal music and American musical theaterand Celtic music to bluegrass, country,Auditorium, located on the ground floor offerings are on the schedule for this sea-klezmer and rock and roll. of the Thomas Jefferson Building, 10 son's "Concerts from the Library of Con- First Street S.E., at 8 p.m., unless other- gress" program. The series begins Sep- Season Highlights wise noted. For further information about tember 27 with a performance by Gospel In honor of the Juilliard Quartet's his- "Concerts from the Library of Congress," Music Hall of Fame honoree and multiple tory as a formidable champion of newcall the Concert Information Line at Grammy Award-winner Shirley CaesarAmerican music, a series of anniversary(202) 707-5502, or visit the Web site at and her ensemble. programs pairs works by American mas- www.loc.gov/concerts. A celebration of the Juilliard StringtersElliott Carter, Gunther Schuller, Concerts from the Library of Quartet's 40th anniversary as the Library's Ruth Crawford Seeger, Milton Babbitt,Congress: 2002-2003 Season quartet-in-residence is a major focus of the and otherswith the complete cycle of 16 Programs subject to change without notice; 2002-2003 season, with a world premiere string quartets by Ludwig van Beethoven, all concerts require tickets and take place in the of work commissioned by the Library,scheduled to be performed over a two-Jefferson Building's Coolidge Auditorium, at master classes and guest artists. Otheryear period. Four distinguished Ameri- 8 p.m., unless otherwise noted highlights include centennial tributes to can scholars, Charles Rosen, Lewis Lock- two icons of American entertainment, wood, Pozzi Escot and Robert Cogan, will Sept 10, 2002 * Bob Hope and Richard Rodgers. offer lectures and pre-concert presenta- "Summon the Heroes"Tom Paxton, A special feature of this year's series is tions in the coming season; also sched- folk singer/songwriter, Neptune Plaza, at three pre-season concerts, "Summon the uled in conjunction with the celebration noon Heroes," in commemoration of Septem- are master classes, open rehearsals, broad- ber 11, 2001. Folk singer and songwritercasts and a commemorative recording. Sept. 12, 2002 Tom Paxton, the Virginia Grand Military To mark the milestone 40th anniver- "Summon the Heroes" Virginia Grand Band along with the Library of Congress sary of the Juilliard's tenure at the Library, Military Band and LC Chorale, at noon Chorale, and New York songwriter the Irving Fine Fund in the Library of Con- Suzanne Vega and fellow members of the gress has commissioned Richard Wer- Sept. 13, 2002 Greenwich Village Songwriter's Exchange nick to write a work for string quartet "Summon the Heroes"Suzanne Vega will perform on Sept. 10,12 and 13. and horn, to be premiered by the Juil-and Friends Gathering artists from the Americanliard Quartet and William Purvis in May heartland, the series also spotlights two 2003. Clarinetist Charles Neidich, cellist Sept. 27, 2002 * past winners of the National HeritageMarcy Rosen and pianist Gil Kalish will Shirley Caesar and ensemble Fellowship Award: blues pianist Pinetop also appear as guest artists with the Perkins and "conjunto" accordionist San- Juilliard Quartet during the 2002-2003 Sept. 28, 2002 * tiago Jimenez Jr., a major figure in Tex- season. Gospel Symposium and Dixie Hum- Mex border music. These two concerts All Library of Congress concerts and mingbirds, 1:30 to 4:30 p.m.; no tickets are co-produced by the Library's Ameri-other public programs are presented required can Folklife Center as part of its "Home-free of charge to the public, but they grown: The Music of America" concertrequire tickets for admission. No tickets Oct. 4, 2002 * series in cooperation with the Kennedyare required for noontime events in Santiago Jimenez Jr., Neptune Plaza, at Center's Millennium Stage and the Folk-this series, which are offered on the Jef- noon lore Society of Greater Washington ferson Building's Neptune Plaza or in the Coolidge Auditorium. Oct. 18, 2002 "I Hear America Singing" Tickets are distributed by TicketMaster, Los Angeles Piano Quartet "I Hear America Singing" is the general telephone (301) 808-6900, (410) 752-1200; rubric for the Library's musical offerings, for out-of-state residents, (800) 551-7328. Oct. 30, 2002 reflecting the broad sweep of AmericanEach ticket carries a nominal service Founder's Day ConcertKristjan Jarvi's musical experiencefrom colonial times charge of $2, with additional charges for Absolute to the 21st century. It is also the theme for phone orders and handling. Tickets are a future Web site that will provide access also available at TicketMaster outlets; for Nov. 7, 2002 * to the Library's unsurpassed musical trea- a complete list, visit the TicketMaster Pinetop Perkins with Bob Margolin sures through a database of recordings, site, www.ticketmaster.com. Although Blues Band and Willie "Big Eyes" Smith, reproductions of manuscripts and printed the supply of tickets may be exhausted, at noon; no tickets required music, moving and still images, and edu- there are often empty seats at concert cational programs. The site opens doors to time. Interested patrons are encouraged to Nov. 15, 2002 the nation's musical legacy that embraces come to the Library by 6:30 p.m. on con- Brentano String Quartet

142 168 INFORMATION BULLETIN Nov. 21, 2002 March 15, 2003 yen scholar Lewis Lockwood and the Rodgers Rarities, Aaron Gandy, Musi- Phyllis Bryn-Julson and Southwest Juilliard String Quartet, 7p.m.; no tickets cal Director Chamber Music required

Dec. 2, 2002 March 21, 2003 May 2, 2003 New York Festival Of Song, Michael Trio Fontenay Juilliard String Quartet Barrett and Steven Blier, Artistic Direc- tors March 28, 2003 * May 3, 2003 The Jewels and Orioles, at noon; no Turtle Island String Quartet Dec. 18, 2002 tickets required Juilliard String Quartet with the Avalon May 9, 2003 String Quartet April 3, 2003 James Carter's "Chasin' the Gypsy Piffaro, The Renaissance Band Band" Feb. 12, 2003 Juilliard String Quartet with Gilbert April 4, 2003 May 10, 2003 Kalish, Piano Kansas City Chorale, Charles Bruffy, Ying String Quartet Artistic Director and Conductor Feb. 14, 2003 May 29, 2003 Juilliard String Quartet April 10-11, 2003 Bob Hope Centennial Concert Beaux Arts Trio Feb. 21, 2003 May 30, 2003 MozarteanPlayerswithJudith April 23, 2003 Vaudeville 2003 Malafronte, Mezzo-Soprano Davitt Moroney, Harpsichord * Concerts presented as part of Feb. 26, 2003 April 30, 2003 "Homegrown: The Music of America," Juilliard String Quartet with Jnilliard String Quartet with William co-produced by the American Folklife Christopher Oldfather, Piano Purvis, French Horn Center at the Library of Congress, the Kennedy Center's Millennium Stage Feb. 28, 2003 May 1, 2003 and the Folklore Society of Greater Juilliard String Quartet Lecture/demonstration with Beetho-Washington. Library Names New Technology Director Former Justice Official Appointed

James M. Gallagher, who mostDepartment beginning in 1980 and Gallagher received a bachelor's recently served as the acting deputy held a series of progressively respon-degree from Fairfield University in assistant attorney general and deputysible managerial positions in infor-Fairfield, Conn., and a law degree chief information officer for the U.S.mation technology. He demonstratedfrom Gonzaga Law School. He is also Department of Justice,has beenhis ability to manage an agency-widea distinguished graduate of the Infor- appointed to the position of directorinformation technology organizationmation Resources Management Col- of Information Technology Services atand to develop solutions to maximizelege of the National Defense Univer- the Library. customer service. Gallagher also ledsity. Laura E. Campbell, associate librar-a major reorganization of informa- OSI is leading a collaborative initia- ian for strategic initiatives, announcedtion technology staff. His successestive called the National Digital Infor- the appointment on July8. Theresulted in his promotion to headmation Infrastructure and Preserva- Library's Office of Strategic Initiativesof information technology operationstion Program. The program's mission (OSI) includes Information Technol-for the Justice Department. is to develop a national strategy to ogy Services. "I look forward to applying mycollect, archive and preserve the bur- "Jim Gallagher will provide theexperience to meet the informationgeoning amounts of digital content, leadership needed as we enter a new technology needs of the Libraryespecially materials that are created era of technological advancement atof Congress," said Gallagher. "Theonly in digital formats. The office also the Library of Congress," said Camp-Library is one of the premier culturaloversees the Library's National Digital bell. At the Justice Department, heinstitutions in the nation, thanks to theLibrary Program, which offers more headed the Office of Informationdedicated work of its staff. Together,than 7.5 million important American Resource Management, where hewe will solidify and enhance the insti-historical items from the collections of managed a staff of 350. tution's reputation as a premier dis-the Library and other institutions on Gallagher worked for the Justiceseminator of information." the Internet at www.loc.gov.

JULY-AUGUST 2002 143 1 89 O

9 9 22 Events In 22 States Center for the Book Promotes the National Book Festival

Connecticut The Connecticut Center for the Book will begin its promotion of the National Book Festival at two events in September: its One Book for Greater Hartford regional event at the Con- necticut State Library and its Festival of Caribbean Literature at the Hartford Public Library. National Book Festival materials also will be distributed to project partners, including more than a dozen public libraries across the state. The Summer issue of the Connecticut Center for the Book's newsletter "Readings" will promote the National Book Festival as well.

Florida The Florida Center for the Book will commence a statewide late August and the first weekend in October, 22publicity campaign in September in cooperation with the State Betweenstate affiliates of the Center for the Book are hosting events Library of Florida, the state's 87 public library systems, and and programs that are promoting the National Book Festival. local bookstores, newspapers, media and other organizations; "Funded by $5,000 awards from the national center, each pro- the campaign will feature both the National Book Festival and gram benefits the book festival and the state center's own pro-10 major Florida book fairs. The center will survey National gram," said Center for the Book Director John Y. Cole. "We are Book Festival authors, posing the question, "What book made grateful to AT&T and the Carnegie Corporation of New Yorkthe biggest difference in your life and what difference did it for their support of this cooperative national promotion." make?" Their answers and photos will be posted on the Florida The second National Book Festival will feature 70 award- Center for the Book's Web site. winning authors, illustrators and storytellers and will be held on the West Lawn of the U.S. Capitol on Oct. 12; once again, it Georgia will be hosted by Laura Bush. Last year, the festival attracted The Georgia Center for the Book will host "On the Writer's 30,000 enthusiastic visitors. Bookshelf," a celebration of Georgia writers and the books that State center for the book events include storytelling pro- inspired them. Publicity for the event, which takes place in grams presented in six Arkansas bookstores throughout Sep-Atlanta in October, will mention the National Book Festival. tember; "On the Writer's Bookshelf," an Oct. 1 celebration ofAdditionally, the Georgia Center for the Book will promote the Georgia writers and the books that inspired them; programsNational Book Festival by distributing e-mail notices, posters at the Montana Book Festival in Missoula on Sept. 27-28; and and bookmarks through the 58 regional libraries of the Georgia the designation on Oct. 2 of the Newark Public Library as the Public Library System. New Jersey Center for the Book's first "Literary Landmark." A state-by-state listing of activities follows. Maine National Book Festival posters, bookmarks and promotional The Maine Center for the Book is holding two programs in materials are being distributed statewide by each of these 22Augusta and Portland in September, one honoring the Maine state centers for the book. Humanities Council/Maine Center for the Book scholars and a public poetry reading. Center for the Book Director John National Book Festival Promotion Events: Y. Cole will speak about the National Book Festival at both events. Publicity for these events and the National Book Festi- Arkansas val will be distributed through the Maine chapter of Phi Beta The Arkansas Center for the Book will hold a series of sto- Kappa, the Maine State Library, the Maine Library Association rytelling programs organized by the Arkansas center and pre-and local libraries. sented at six major Arkansas bookstores throughout the month of September. Each participating bookstore will display andMaryland distribute National Book Festival posters and bookmarks. The Maryland Center for the Book will promote the National Book Festival throughout Maryland's 27 public library sys- California tems through the design, production and distribution of pro- The California Center for the Book will promote the National motional materials such as posters, bookmarks and buttons. Book Festival at previously-scheduled events in September Publicity for the Baltimore Book Festival in September will also and October at seven public libraries in connection with the support the National Book Festival. launch of a new and unprecedented statewide reading initiative, California Stories: Reading "The Grapes of Wrath." Partic- Massachusetts ipating sites will display National Book Festival materials; the The Massachusetts Center for the Book will expand the California Center for the Book will also promote the National reach and promotion of the second annual Massachusetts Book Book Festival on its popular Web site. Awards, which takes place in Worcester in October. Publicity

144 INFORMATION BULLETIN 170 0 c.f.? i 7 -.SP oa for the awards will include informationFestival will be distributed to moreand activities, displaying the festival on the National Book Festival. Center forthan 400 participating students andposter and distributing the related book- the Book Director John Y. Cole will be ateachers on Student Day and high- mark at appropriate events. WPSX-TV, speaker at the ceremony and talk aboutlighted at all Nebraska Book FestivalPenn State's public broadcasting sta- the National Book Festival. program venues and through activi-tion, will publicize the National Book ties preceding the festival. Festival in connection with a new proj- Michigan ect being developed with the Pennsyl- The Michigan Center for the Book inNevada vania Center for the Book about books September will kick off a program of The Nevada Center for the Book willthat have helped shape the state and its author readings at the Library of Michi- highlight the National Book Festival citizens. gan that also will launch the Michiganacross the state of Nevada over a six- Center's "Celebrate Michigan Authors" week period beginning in September,South Dakota project. National Book Festival displays with frequent e-mail communication The South Dakota Center for the Book will appear at selected project activities. to Nevada libraries and other book-will offer a series of presentations by The statewide publicity campaign tooriented organizations, including athree authors in several South Dakota stimulate public interest in Michiganpointer to the National Book Festival towns in late August and early Septem- authors and reading will include infor- Web site. Festival graphics and infor-ber at which National Book Festival pro- mation on the National Book Festival. mation will be distributed at key loca-motional materials will be distributed. tion and book-related events through-The festival will also be a featured topic Minnesota out September and October. on a new program on South Dakota The Minnesota Center for the Book Public Radio: 'The South Dakota Center will create a bookstore-based People'sNew Jersey for the Book's Food for Thought." Choice award that will determine the The New Jersey Center for the Book favorite authors of Minnesotans. The bal- will draw attention to the NationalTexas loting will take place during SeptemberBook Festival at a major event in A Latino Authors Tour for Texas, a in bookstores throughout the state. AllNewark in October at which thejoint project of the Texas Book Festival publicity materials provided to the storesNew Jersey Center will designate the and the Texas Center for the Book, will be will highlight both the Minnesota Peo-Newark Public Library as itsfirst held in honor of the National Book Festi- ple's Choice Award and the Nationalstate literary landmark. As a featuredval and the Texas Book Festival. Printed Book Festival. speaker, Center for the Book Directorpublicity displays about the National John Y. Cole will describe the forth-Book Festival and oral announcements Missouri coming National Book Festival. about the upcoming national and Texas The Missouri Center for the Book book festivals will be part of each event. will sponsor a statewide poetry con-New York test throughout August (a poem on the The New York Center for the BookVirginia topic "Why I Read"), a statewide printwill include information about the The Virginia Center for the Book will publicity campaign, and the develop-National Book Festival at its premiereinclude the National Book Festival simul- ment of a flyer, suitable for reproduc-event in September at Columbia Uni-taneously with publicity for the Annual tion, that will promote the Nationalversity in New York City. The featured Library of Virginia Awards Celebration Book Festival and its Web site. Also,speaker/reader will be a well-knownHonoring Virginia Authors & Friends National Book Festival informationNew York writer who has wide pop-in September. In addition, the National will be distributed at the Columbia Fes- ular appeal. The writer's presentationBook Festival will be prominently men- tival of Arts in September; the annualwill be preceded by a brief descriptiontioned in the formal remarks made by conference of the Missouri Censusof the National Book Festival by Centerthe host, Nolan T. Yelich, and presenters Data Center; and the Missouri State for the Book Director John Y. Cole. of the award. Library's Summer Library Institute. Oklahoma Wisconsin Montana The Oklahoma Center for the Book The Wisconsin Center for the Book The Montana Center for the Book willis presenting a series of events in Sep-will include the National Book Festival include information about the National tember and October that honor authorin publicity on four statewide CBS radio Book Festival at the Montana Book Festi- Ralph Ellison, an Oklahoma native, andprograms from August to October and val in Missoula in September. Statewidethe 50th anniversary of Ellison's classicas part of its project to update "Wiscon- publicity for the Montana Festival willnovel "Invisible Man." The Nationalsin's Community of the Book," which include publicity for the National Book Book Festival will be publicized at these highlights Wisconsin organizations that Festival and the "Celebrating America's events and as part of related Ellison cel-promote books, reading, literacy and Stories" programs. ebrations in high schools and at librarieslibraries. Center for the Book Director in both Tulsa and Oklahoma City. John Y. Cole will be interviewed about Nebraska the National Book Festival in a Septem- The Nebraska Center for the BookPennsylvania ber radio program. will hold its first Nebraska Book Festi- The Pennsylvania Center for the Book For more detailed information on these val in September at the Stuhr Museumwill conduct a statewide media cam-state center activities, contact the Center for of the Prairie Pioneer in Grand Island. paign publicizing the National Book the Book at the Library of Congress, at (202) Information about the National Book Festival through their own publications 707-5221.

JULY-AUGUST 2002 145 71 tr 0

CFB7-P" at25 25 Years of the Center for the Book

ALMEUNIER FORME BOCK LIBRARY OF CONGRESS State Centers for the Book, 1984-2002

The Center for the Book will be 25 years old to carry the Center for the Book's mis-in's retirement as Librarian of Con- in October 2002. This is the eighth in a sion of "stimulating public interest ingress, the award recognizes and sup- series of articles that summarizes its activi- books, reading, literacy, and librar-ports (through a cash prize of $5,000) ties in its first quarter century. ies" to the state and local level, usingthe achievements of individual state the partnership with the Library ofcenters. Winners have been Florida C tate centers were not part of theCongress as an incentive and leverageand Nebraska (1997); Vermont and original plan when the Center forwithin the state. Each center needs toOklahoma (1998); Virginia and Mis- the Book in the Library of Congressbe statewide, provide its own financialsouri (1999); Washington and Alaska was established on Oct. 13, 1977. Theand in-kind support, and use its affil- (2000); Colorado (2001); and Connect- first affiliated center, Florida, wasiation with the Library of Congressicut (2002). Presented on May 6 at established in 1984 in response to ajudiciously. Centers are welcome tothe annual state center meeting, the proposal from the Broward Countyuse Library of Congress promotional2002 award recognized the Connecti- Library in Fort Lauderdale. In 1987,themes, but local adaptations andcut Center for the Book's success with when James H. Billington becameindependent projects appropriate toits annual "World of Words" promo- Librarian of Congress, there were tenthe state are encouraged. State centers state centers. With the establishmentare required to renew their affilia- of the South Dakota Center for thetions every three years, outlining in Book just this year, the total of affili-their applications past accomplish- ated state centers reaches 47. ments as well as future programming Between 1984 and 1987, with helpand funding plans. from the new state center coordina- Each state center has an institutional tors, Center for the Book Director Johnhome. Most of the state centers are Cole crafted guidelines for state centerlocated either in state libraries or activities. The guidelines are still inlarge public library systems, but eight effect. The goal of the state centers is(Alabama, Arizona, California, Idaho, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania) are hosted by universities and six (Maine, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, South Dakota and Tennessee) by state humanities councils. Information about the activities of all of the state centers is available on the Center for the Book's Web site: www.loc.gov/cfbook. Since 1987, representatives of state centers have gathered annually at the Library of Congress to exchange ideas and share information. The meeting this year began with a dinner on May 5, continued the next day with lively discussion, special presentations fromIn 1985, the national Center for invited guests and a reception in thethe Book and the Florida Center Library's Montpelier Room, and con-for the Book commissioned an cluded on May 7 with small groupessay about the importance of meetings. Representatives from 41reading by noted mystery writer centers participated and congratu-John D. MacDonald. MacDonald Maurvene William lated colleagues from 2002's five new previewed his theme in a Oct. Center for the Book Director Johnstate centers (Hawaii, Iowa, New1985 letter to Center for the Book Cole, wearing the center's 25thJersey, New York and South Dakota.) Director John Cole: "The theme anniversary button, presents the The presentation of the Boorstinwill be the terrible isolation of the 2002 Boorstin State Center awardState Center Awards has been annonreader, his life without mean- to Kat Lyons, coordinator of theannual meeting highlight since 1997.ing because he cannot com- Connecticut Center for the Book,Supported by an endowment estab-prehend the world in which he located at the Hartford Publiclished in 1987 by Center for the Booklives." In 1987, the two centers Library. The award includes afounder Daniel J. Boorstin and hispublished the essay jointly in a cash prize of $5,000. wife Ruth on the occasion of Boorst-26-page booklet.

146 172 INFORMATION BULLETIN o

tion program and other innovative and coop- exhibition program. The first phase was erative projects that stimulate public interest "Language of the Land: Journeys into in books and reading throughout Connecti- Literary America," a traveling exhibition cut. of literary maps that was hosted by While the Library of 16 state centers and Congress supports the nine other libraries Center for the Book's acrossthe U.S. four staff salaries, all between 1993 and of the center's activi- 1997. Funds are still ties must be supported available to state by funds raised from centerstocreate the private sector or new state literary transferred from other maps. In 2001-2002, government agencies. 36 affiliated centers The state center pro- participated in the gramreceived a nationalcenter's major boost in 1999 16-year-old"Let- when Brian J. and ters About Litera- DarleneHeidtke ture" student essay createdtheState contest, in which Center for the Book youngsters submit TrustFund,which letters to authors supports the national of books that have Center for the Book's made a difference effortstomaintain, 3, in their lives.In strengthen and expand 35 6i 2001-2002, eight the state center net- MOIMEMEMM11.1.11.11MEMEMEME state centers par- work. The Vermont Center for the Book ticipatedinthe The national Center included nine other state centersnationalcenter's for the Book occasion- in its National Science Foundation- "River of Words" ally is able to support funded reading promotion project, studentenviron- projects that benefit from 1998 to 2001. mentalartand state centers directly. poetry contest. In 1992, the Lila Wal- Looking ahead, lace-Reader's Digest Fund gave the center with support from AT&T and the Carne- a grant for "The Literary Heritage of the gie Corporation of New York, the national States," a three-year education and traveling center is making $5,000 awards to 22 state centers for events that will promote the National Book Festival on Oct. 12. Increasingly, state centers are benefit- ing from their association with each other. For example, the Vermont Center for the Book included nine other state centers in its "Mother Goose Asks 'Why?'" science-based program of children's literature activities, funded by the National Science Foundation from 1998-2001. In addition to the annual state center "idea exchange" at the Library of Congress, the first regional gathering of state centers for the book took place on Oct. 6, 2000, hosted by the Colorado Center for the Book. In1992, the Center for the Book Ace Hoffman Studios received a $503,000 grant from the "Letters About Literature" project coor-Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Fund dinator Catherine Gourley is pictured for a national project to promote in the midst of letters submitted byeach state's literary heritage. One students from throughout the United result was the "Language of the Land" States. With 36 states participating in traveling exhibit of literary maps, 2001-2002, "Letters" is the most popular which was hosted by 16 state centers state center project.It begins its 17th and nine other libraries between 1993 year this September. and 1997.

JULY-AUGUST 2002 173 EST COPY AVAILABLE THE LIBRARY OF101 CONGRESS INDEPENDENCE AVE.PUBLIC S.E. AFFAIRS OFFICE PRESORTEDLIBRARYPOSTAGE OF STANDARD CONGRESS & FEES PAID PENALTY FORWASHINGTON, PRIVATE USE $300 DC 20540-1610 OFFICIAL BUSINESS DATED MATERIAL WASHINGTON,PERMIT DC No. G-103 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS IfINFORMATION you wish to be BULLETINremoved from the mailing list ISSN 0041-7904 address.theaddresstofor Bulletin, the this labelabove publication pleaseand address. return. address check If To change yourrequesthere inquiresis missingrequired to issue(s)theenter above on of and return this page WITNESS ar RESPONSE: REMEMBERING I

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ti,t1l:t±.' The LIBRARY of CONGRESS Information Bulletin Vol. 61, No. 9 September 2002

BEST COPY MARA The LIBRARY of CONGRESS Information Bulletin JAMES H. BILLINGTON Vol. 61, No. 9 September 2002 Librarian of Congress

On the Cover:"Faces of the Dead Fill the World Trade Towers at Twilight," by Kieron Dwyer and Mark Chiarello, 2001. Published in the DC Comics collection "9-11: September 11th 2001." Cover Story: Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, the Library mobilized to document and record the day for posterity 151 The Power of the Image:The Library's Prints and Photographs Division has collected images that factually document and creatively interpret the events of September 11. 156 Extra:Newspapers from around the world, as collected by the Serial and Government Publications Division, express the global shock after the terrorist attacks. 168 On the Scene:Both professional photojournalists and amateurs 171 who happened to be in the right place at the right time captured compelling images of the tragedy. 171 The Spoken Record:Inspired by a similar effort after the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, the American Folklife Center has collected the reactions of individuals following the September 11 attacks. 173 Fragments of the Day:The Library has received remnants from the debris of the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. 176 Global Perspective:The African and Middle Eastern Division and the Overseas Operations Office contributed to the collection of 176international materials in the wake of September 11. 178 Returning the Rule of Law:The Law Library of Congress played a role in the search for pre-Taliban law for Afghanistan. 181 Maps of a New Landscape:After the attacks, the Geography and Map Division focused on maps of places of heightened interest such as Afghanistan and Pakistanas well as special emergency management maps of the World Trade Center site. 182 `Always Ready':The heroes of September inspired an acquisition of Currier & Ives prints of firemen in action from the 1850s. 184 Witness & Response:An exhibition of the Library's September 11 collections is now on display. 190 179 Registered for Copyright:The tragedy inspired a range of creative expression, much of which found its way to the Copyright Office. 192 News from the Center for the Book 194

The Library of Congress Information Bulletin (ISSN 0041-7904) is issued 11 times a year by the Public Affairs Office of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in the United States. It is also available, on the World Wide Web at www.loc.gov/today. Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive the Bulletin on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library's Director for Acquisitions and Support Services, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. All other correspondence should be addressed to the Information Bulletin, Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-1610, e-mail [email protected]. HELEN DALRYMPLE, Editor SAMUEL L. MCLEMORE Js. & JOHN H. SAYERS, Designers 184 AUDREY FISCHER, Assignment Editor 1 7 6 emembering

Courting Disaster Building a Collection to Chronicle 9/11 and its Aftermath

By DIANE NESTER KRESH of taped interviews conducted by Within hours of the September professional ethnographers, teach- 11 attacks on New York and ers and students, as well as accom- the Pentagon, and the crash of the panying written documentation hijacked airplane in Pennsylvania, and photographs of memorials to several offices within the Library the victims of the attacks from of Congress mobilized to begin around the UnitedStates. A doing what libraries do best: docu- selection of these interviews is ment and record for posterity. On part of the Library's "Witness Sept.12, the Library initiated sev- and Response" exhibition. Called eral acquisitions projects aimed "Soundscape," the half-hour pre- at documenting the events of the sentation will run continuously in previous day. Many of them are the Orientation Theater in the Visi- described in more detail in the tors' Center of the Jefferson Build- pages that follow. ing from Sept. 7 to Nov. 2. The exhibition, "Witness and A similar call went out from Response: September 11 Acqui- curators of the Library's news- sitions at the Library of Con- paper collection. By Oct. 1, the gress," which opens in the Jeffer- Library had assembled some 2,500 son Building's Great Hall on Sept. newspapers printed since Sep- 7, draws from all of these collec- tember 11, including 40 extra and tions to give visitors an overview special editions published on the of the broad range and diversity day of the attacks. Ironically, one of materials related to the Sep- of the hardest editions to find was tember attacks that have been the Washington Post's special edi- acquired by the Library of Con- tion of September 11, which had a gress in the past year. press run of only 50,000 copies. A The curators in the Library's Post reporter eventually supplied Prints and Photographs Division two copies. Newspapers came immediately began a campaign to in from throughout the United acquire a range of pictorial images, States and from around the world. which has resulted in a stunning Special editions or sections pub- array of material commemorat- IN MEMORY lished on September 11 and 12 ing September 11. They include, bear banner headlines screaming for example, photographs made "Terror, "Horror," "Infamy," "Bas- within minutes of the devastation tards!" "Apocalypse"; and dra- at the World Trade Center and /1101 matic photos, such as the London the Pentagon; original illustrations Times' two-page photographic by leading comic book artists; spread of lower Manhattan in highly personal creative contribu- + $14 smoke and flames. tions from individuals around the Curators and specialists in other world; and imaginative architec- parts of the Library also made spe- tural designs that were submitted cial efforts to gather materials from as proposals for rebuilding at the their usual sources and beyond World Trade Center site. "In Memory 9/11/01," to add to the documentation of The Library's American Folk life by Brian Niemann the ever-widening ramifications of Center called upon folklorists the events of September 11. Staff across the nation to document on audio tape the thoughtsmembers in the African and Middle Eastern Division sur- and feelings expressed by citizens following the events ofveyed their existing collections for materials that might be 9/11. The center subsequently received hundreds of hourshelpful in trying to understand the tragedy; in the Geogra-

151 SEPTEMBER 2002 ANATLABLE 177 3 ESTcon Z Z 4 2 - ls- Ma. .i

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Daryl Donley The Pentagon burns after being hit by a hijacked airliner; a Bengali poster calendar, issued shortly after the attacks, reads, "If each Muslim resists America, then victory is certain for them. Osama Bin Laden."

phy and Map Division they searched for maps and geographic information that they knew would be helpful in responding to requests from members of Congress. Library employees in the overseas offices snapped up materials in their localities wherever 11).J.3,7) they could find themwith an emphasis on ephemera such as flyers, posters and booklets that appeared a 7 a loll.1 almost overnight in areas of the Middle East and Latin America. Capturing the Web One of the Library's initiatives was to collect and 29 ..as wi 27 22 preserve what was going out to the world over the 3 5 2 70 2 Web after September 11. To understand the context .92 2:.29 in which the Library of Congress has embarked on a 272?2????2 series of Web archiving pilots, one must consider the Library's 200-year history of preserving the national record of artistic and intellectual achievement. In the 21st century, the Web is one of the prime sources of ...... information and data that may reside nowhere else. 5 2 7 2 11 The rationale for Web collecting is, therefore, strongly 2.1 22 2129 2! 29 linked to the Library of Congress' mission and pur- ,?'.97..9I.9.991. 3' pose. In 2000, Congress requested that the Library lead a collaborative effort to explore how to collect and preserve digital materials, especially materials that '92! 2.??9 may exist in no other format, through the creation of 2? the National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (NDIIPP). One of the first projects initiated by the Library in response to this 29 " 22.!?.!! mandate was a Web Preservation ProjectMapping 301. 33 .23 ?9 the Internet Electronic Resources Virtual Archive .99 .??.9.9292' ?!.9"2711 ?? (MINERVA)to collect, catalog and preserve collec- 152 1 8 INFORMATION BULLETIN Todd Maise A woman in anguish, among the crowd fleeing lower Manhattan in the wake of the collapse of the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center; firefighter John Morabito of Ladder Company 10 at the WTC site after the attack; a double-page spread of the Times of London of Sept. 12 shows Manhattan as if under nuclear attack, just after the collapse of the second tower.

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BEST COPY MAMALE 179 This modified American flag flew over the site near Shanksville, Pa., where United Airlines Flight 93 crashed after being hijacked. Passengers on the flight attempted to seize control of the jet from the terrorists. tions from select Web sites for research & American Life Project, began workchallenge. With the average Web site use. The contents of this prototypeon a new Web Archive to preservelasting between 45 and 75 days, the Web site are now available only onthe Web expressions of individuals,Library had to act quickly before the Library of Congress campus, atgroups, the press and institutions insome of the national and international www.loc.gov/minerva. A second pilot, the United States and from around the responses were erased from the histori- conducted in collaboration with theworld in the aftermath of the attacks. cal record. Internet Archive, a public nonprofitWith the September 11 Archive, edu- To create the September 11 Web organization, developed a thematiccators and researchers can learn whatArchive, the Library's subject, area archive, which targeted Web sitesthe official organizations of the day and language specialists recommended devoted to the 2000 national election.were thinking and reporting about theWeb sites for inclusion in the archive, The collection comprises more than 2attacks on America; and they can readjust as they recommend items for the million terabytes, or about 200 millionthe unofficial, "online diaries" of thosepermanent collections of the Library. pages, of election-related informationwho lived through the experience. The Library also worked with outside gathered between Aug. 1, 2000, and The ability to collect such raw firstpartners.TheInternetArchive Jan. 21, 2001. The link for this archive,impression material, in addition to (www.archive.org) captured and stored which is currently hosted by the Inter-information from the more standardthe Web pages; WebArchivist.org net Archive, may also be viewed atsources, means that the Library can(www.webarchivist.org) is creating www.loc.gov/minerva. provide scholars with the chance to archival metadata to make the collection "live through" what so many expe-searchable and the information retriev- Building the September 11 Web rienced. Web sites provide dynamic, able; and the Pew Internet & American Archive firsthand accounts and reflect a rangeLife Project (www.pewinternet.org), Following the events of Septemberof sentiments and points of view, func-explores the impact of the Internet on 11, the Library of Congress, in col- tioning much as the morning and eve-children, families and communities. laboration with the Internet Archive,ning newspapers of the past. As a first step, on behalf of the Library Web Archivists.org, a group of schol- The inherent power of the Web as anof Congress, the Internet Archive sent ars and students dedicated to devel- immediate, often impressionistic, com-an e-mail to the owner of each Web oping tools and strategies for study-munications medium, is also its chiefsite selected for the archive. The e-mail ing the Web, and the Pew Internetliabilitywhich makes collecting it astated that the collection was being cre-

154 INFORMATION BULLETIN 1 SID s.111). *SS

0 L 1 (g) September I I Web ART hive (MINERVA:Lirary of_ LAmia ated for the Library of Con- c-T , 1.$ t=i (E1 gress, and that the collection Sod. A,* Step How Atiterill Prot 71811 was part of a pilot project 730MP> //ww profinsorvahalle

worked closely with the proj- 1St The Archive is important because it contributes to the historical record, capturing information artinffrAia itcnti ect to ensure comprehen- ain that could otherwise be lost. With the growing 000 Contribute*11.11221112aU12 role of the Web as an influential medium. siveness and diversity in records of historic events could be considered incomplete without materials that were "born digital' and never printed on paper. the collection.Essentially, 000 @Zig) Ca.) E:laZi2 The September 11 Web Archive is currently hosted by the t the Library wanted every- oaebNtor 99T the user interface for the seotember11 archive org web site. SeD1AmDw 29 thingAmerican and inter- the Library to create a searchable metadata database and t [pew ant.* vrIl A1 nationalreactionstothe enhance access to the Archive. 000 Ad CtqP`i gitaD For further information on the composition of these archives eventsof September11, please see our May, responses from the U.S. gov- 000 Semember 11 Web ernment and the military, as 000Anal, i (17114,711 well as the responses of reli- Collection Statemegi I SiltMligilLnIgna gious, ethnic, mental health Technical Architecture I Egas I Cowed and educational communi- webarchivistarg ties. The Library also sought Int.-net.. [100110111112lliiii vte personal accounts and public litternm en discussion from listservs andonline The Web site was Aneeten !Ahem newsgroups. made available to the eIllonol nine The period of Web site collectionpublic on Oct. 11 at began within hours of the tragedy on(http://Septemberll.archive.org). A The September 11 Web Archive proj- September 11 and continued throughrecommendation form was placedect raised many of the same issues the first week of December 2001.on the WebArchivist.org home page,librarians have been confronting since During that time period, the Internetand requests ran on listservs invitingthe profession's beginning. What are Archive collected and indexed 40,000researchers and members of the publicthe dangers in collecting unevaluated sites, 500 million Web pages, or fivetonominatesitesforinclusion.sources? How do librarians, as keepers terabytes of data. Of these, the LibraryAlthough the site went "live" on of the culture, ensure accuracy, balance of Congress alone nominated betweenOct. 11, it continues to be modified.and objectivity when disseminating 1,500 and 2,000 Web sites for inclu-WebArchivist.org will continue toinformation that has not been vetted sion, and Library staff provided theimprove subject access, eliminate cap-through the avenues of peer review first level of subject terms aroundture duplications, and develop descrip-common to print media? When there which the Web sites were organized fortive metadata for each site using are issues of national security at stake, access. Subject descriptors includedMODS XML-schema (www.loc.gov/how do we protect intellectual free- such terms as the press, government,standards/mods). The records even-dom and guard against censorship? portals,charity/civic,advocacy/tually will be added to the Library ofIs it appropriate for the Library to col- interest, religious, school/educational,Congress online catalog. lect Web sites that primarily seek to individual/volunteer, and non-Eng- The research potential of the Sep-inflame, offend and promote hate? lish. Currently, the September 11 tember 11 Web Archive has been noted Librarians, as keepers of the public Archive can be searched by date,both in print media and, not surpris-record, have a responsibility to sub- key word (e.g., charity), URL or title.ingly, on the Web itself. The Internetlimate personal values for the public With the help of WebArchivist.org, theportal Yahoo! selected the archive asgood and to consider what scholars Library is planning to catalog 2,500its top site of the year for 2001. Theand researchers of the future may primary sites, according to selectionsite was also included in the Librarians'wish to know about what happened criteria that will be developed jointlyIndex to the Internet (www.lii.org),today. The Library's September 11 Web by the two organizations. Decidingfeatured in The Scout Report (http:/Archive will give them the opportunity which Web sites to include in this cate- /scout.cs.wisc.edu), and selected asto obtain that information. gory will be a challenging task requir-both a Yahoo Pick of the Week (http:/ ing the review of thousands of sites to/docs.yahoo.com/picks) and a USA Diane Nester Kresh is the director for select the most relevant. Today Hot Site. Public Services Collections.

155 SEPTEMBER 2002BEST COPY AVAILABLE 181 The Image As Witness III Collecting Visual Materials From the National Tragedy By JEREMY ADAMSON

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156 182 milli Gupta * 0

During the past year, the curators of the Prints and Photo- As an important first step to orienting the acquisition graphs Division (P&P) have been engaged in an intense process, division chief Jeremy Adamson and-head curator and highly focused campaign to collect a broad range of pic-Harry Katz assembled all the special memorial issues pub- torial images that both factually document and creativelylished by weekly news magazines. Looking at hundreds of interpret the terrible events of September 11, 2001. The divi-published photographs allowed all curators to assess the sion's goal was to build visual archives that, spanning allwork of photojournalists and to recognize the unique and collection formats, would accurately represent the natureterrible iconography of the 9 /11 disasterairplanes being and scope of artistic expressions prompted by the terroristflown into office buildings and the resulting fireballs; col- attacks on America. Many are on display in the exhibition, lapsing towers; storm clouds of pulverized concrete; ash- "Witness and Response: September 11 Acquisitions at the covered survivors; burned and twisted structural steel; and Library of Congress," which opens in the Great Hall of the exhausted firemen and police. Thomas Jefferson Building on Sept. 7. Curators learned to make critical distinctions among the The acquisition process was often distressing: reviewingphotographs, to identify qualities that made one picture hundreds of photographs recording death and destructionmore compelling than another and determine what consti- proved deeply disturbing. But recognizing the courage of thetuted a truly iconic 9/11 image. Later, this initial review of rescue crews amidst the rubble of the World Trade Center andpublished work provided the experience and confidence the heartfelt patriotism of everyday Americans in so many ofto make significant acquisitions among the many unpub- the photographs proved uplifting. Energizing, too, was thelished images the staff soon encountered. extraordinary generosity In late October, pho- the curators encountered tography curator Carol in their search for acquisi- Johnson saw the first tions. Excited to discover of a series of ten, full- that the nation's oldest page photo essays pub- cultural institution was lishedin USA Today whollycommittedto titled "CourageousAmer- building archives of cur- icans." Sponsored by the rent creativity, artists of Burger King Corporation, all kinds, as well as their they featured stark, black- supporters, were eager and-white portraits of to assist in the process. An rescue personnel taken unusual spirit of collabo- by famed New York rationpart of the spirit photographerRichard of unity that blossomed Avedon, along with short in the aftermath of the descriptions of the res- attacksspontaneously cuers' personal courage. developed, and an extra- She contacted a friend in ordinary number of cre- Avedon's studio to dis- ators either donated their cover whether the orig- works or offered them inal photographic por- to the Library at cost. traitswereavailable. As a result, the Library They were not, but her now has several thousand initiative ultimately led works by a wide array to the donation by Burger of artists, photographers, King of a unique set of graphic designers, print the photo essays, printed makers, architects, illus- as a suite of posters espe- trators and editorial car- cially for the Library. Two toonists. At the beginning are on display in "Wit- of the quest, however, ness and Response." the curators had no idea In December, follow- where it would lead or ing up on a previous trip, what it would contain. Katz, with Adamson and But they knew they had to Johnson, visited the Boli- start quickly. All manner var Arellano Gallery in of creative responses, New York to review an bothtraditionaland extraordinary display of unconventional, were some 250 color images appearing on the horizon of Ground Zero taken daily. If the division didn'tArtist Igor Kordev imagined the final moments ofduring and immediately move quickly, the LibraryFlight 93 in "Pennsylvania Plane," which appeared inafter the attacks by 20 would lose opportunities"Heroes: The World's Greatest Super Hero Creators"localnewsphotogra- to collect vital materials. from Marvel Comics. phers. Typically, the work

SEPTEMBER 2002 183 157 Ntrypy On and An.% by Woad M 0111c. Isaac Hoopel by Roylpsd Avedon

When the terrorist plane hit Tower One on September 11, Michael Hingson was at his "Come towards my voice, come towards my voice, come towards my voice." Defense desk on the 78th floor. His friend Roselle was nearby. Calmly, Roselle led Michael and Protection Service Officer Isaac Ho'opi'i rushed into a flaming Pentagon minutes after Michael led his colleagues down to the ground floor. But safety was miles away. As they the terrorist plane had struck. "It was pitch dark inside," he said. "People were calling made it outside, Tower Two collapsed and in the smoke and rubble, Roselle led Michael for help. But they couldn't see me. So I kept repeating 'Come towards my voice'." and Michael led those who fled all the way to the river. Michael has been blind since Those who followed were miraculously saved. Three weeks later, lying In a Washington birth and Roselle is his guide dog. hospital with 2nd and 3rd degree bums, Wayne Sinclair remembered these same words "We're a team," Michael says again and again. And so they are. and made a telephone call. "I found you," Sinclair told Ho'opi'i. "I found my guardian angel."

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Two in a series of ten, full-page photo essays publ"shed in USA Today titled "Courageous Ameri- cans." Sponsored by the Burger King Corporation, they featured stark, black-and-white portraits of individuals taken by famed New York photographer Richard Avedon, along with short descriptions of the rescuers' personal courage.

of New York photojournalists is not A news photographer himself, Arel- raphers, and victims' family mem- publicly exhibited. While a handfullano had opened his small exhibit spacebers, all still struggling to comprehend of their images taken on assignmentspecifically to display the Septemberthe magnitude of the disaster and its appear in newspapers and magazines, 11 photos taken by his friends and col-impact on their lives. The Library rec- the vast majority of their work remainsleagues, as well as his own. All wanted ognized the significance of the little- unseen. But the indispensable roletheir work to bear public witness to the advertised collection, and the 126 riv- of photojournalism in recording theshocking tragedythe biggest storyeting images that Johnson selected for destruction of the World Trade Centerthey would ever coveras well as to the collection reveal photojournalism and the selfless acts of bravery byhonor the dead and the actions of the at its best. emergency personnel alteredtheliving. When P&P staff visited, the By late November, a variety of 9 / 11- status quo entirely. Every still photoout-of-the-way gallery had become arelated exhibitions had been quickly shot that day is now critical, historicalspontaneous gathering place for rescueorganized, especially in New York evidence. personnel, the participating photog-where local audiences were in need of

158 Tagir COPYAVAILABLE INFORMATION BULLETIN 4-L t

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1--- - Robert Mecca In the wake of the World Trade Center collapse, the people of Manhattan at first fled, then flocked to hospitals to donate blood and pray, in support of the efforts of the emergency workers as they searched for survivors in the wreckage. Amok

cr. ...me Avijit Gupta

-41

Kevin Bubris

William C. Lopez

SEPTEMBER 2002 185 159 People evacuating lower Manhattan amid dust and debris of the World Trade Center; rescue workers seated against a wall at the collapse site

Cartoonists told moving stories in the wake of the attacks. Carol Lay's weekly "Story Minute" feature described the work of one volunteer in New York. Todd Maisel GRouND SHE AND Two oTNERS WENT TFIEY WENT IN DIFFERENT MS. CHU WAS OVERWHELMED ZERO: 9/13 To DISTRIBUTE EYE LUBRI- DIRECTIONS, PASSING OUT BY THE EXTENT of THE 5-KY:M.CHU DRAWN '9 GAM CANTS To RESCUE WORKERS. PACKETS ALoNG THE WAY. DEVASTATioN. AMVIy CHU 15 AN ACTIVEVoLUN- p 1 Fog BEEKMAN HoSPITAL, PoINN-roWN NEW yogg.

IT WAS SUCH THAT AT oNE EVEN WITH THOUSANDS of WHEN SHE RAN oUT OF POINT THE LONG-TIME WORKERS MERE/ EVERYONE PACKETS SHE HANDED ouT DoWNTowNER BECAME LOST. MOVED ABOUT IN SILENCE. SANDWICHES AND SOCKS.

HEY, LITTLE LADY Doe -TOR! A FEW BLoCKS LATER, YOUR HARD HAT IS Too CLEAN! ANOTHER FIREFIGHTER GAVE HER A HUG. ou SERVyEDME A HOT MEAL AT BEEKMAN YESTeRDAY.

REMEMBER YOUR IPA rm KINDNESS. A FIREMAN PUT A "Got BLESS AMERICA" DECAL oN HER FIAT.

160 INFORMATION BULLETIN 13 EST COPYAVAILABLE 166 Two from New York's Exit Art gallery: "New Fears #5" by Chandra Cerrito depicts a new dark angel of death; and "How My Life Has Changed" by Hilary North. Below, artist Will Eisner, a towering influence on the graphic arts and comic book artists since the 1930s, contributed "Reality 9/11" to Alternative Comics' "9-11 Emergency Relief" compilation.

How My. Life Has Chanted Hilary North

can no longer flirt with Lou. can no longer dance with Mayra. can no longer eat brownies with Suzanne Y. can no longer meet the deadline with Mark. can no longer talk to George about his daughter. can no longer drink coffee with Rich. can no longer make a good impression on Chris. can no longer smile at Paul. can no longer hold the door open for Tony. can no longer confide in Lisa. can no longer complain about Gary. can no longer work on a project with Donna R. can no longer get to know Yolanda. can no longer call the client with Nick. can no longer contribute to the book drive organized by Karen. can no longer hang out with Millie. can no longer give career advice to Suzanne P. can no longer laugh with Donna G. can no longer watch Mary Ellen cut through the bull shit. can no longer drink beer with Paul. can no longer have a meeting with Dave W. can no longer leave a message with Andrea. can no longer gossip with Anna. can no longer run into Dave P. at the vending machine. can no longer call Steve about my computer. can no longer compliment Lorenzo. can no longer hear Herman's voice. can no longer trade voice mails with Norman. can no longer ride the elevator with Barbara. can no longer be happy about Jennifer's pregnancy. can no longer walk with Adam. can no longer say hello to Steven every morning. can no longer see the incredible view from the 103'd Floor of the South Tower. can no longer take my life for granted.

SEPTEMBER 2002 BEST COPY AVAILABLE_ 161 840 IC7 STHINK 0 GUYSCOMEM ARE R 44

I'M AFRAD HAT BAJO GUYS

WELL, ROSS 3WOULD'T EVEN BETTER, WORRY ABOUT THOUGH, -THERE TWAT, AREA LOT OF SWEETIE. PEOPLE WORKING HARD 0117 THERE 10 MAKE SURE FIRST OF ALL, c. NO BAD Guys MOMMY AND CAN HURT DADDY ARE US-- ALWAYS WATCH FOR BAD GUYS, AND WE KEEP THEM AWAY

I HEARD IT ON THE OR S L NEWS-- THE R. NEWS--

guifiTHEY Wm/ AND... ANDtdi PEOPLE GET VERY Nizer

ONE DAY, YOU'LL I DON'T UNDER- UNDERSTAND STAND. WHAT IF COMPLETELY THEY HAVE A WHAT I MEAN. GLANT CLAW AND Pe./IL 05/1 SAY HEART-7

5164'-WI.EY GET SOME DOES YOUR SLEEP NOW, AND FATHER LET YOU IF YOU'RE 577LL WATCH NE NEWS MORR/E0, JUST THE NIGHT REMEMBER-. BEFORE SHAVE TO PULL A 001184E? -.i;44)k AND WREN TAN HE HAVE To HAPPENS, WE TAA/o CARL THAT HAVE A VERY ALL.ANO SNOW THERE ARE MRORTANT EM THAT THEY MORE JOE, TO DO. CAN'T BREA< GOOD 05. Guy$ THAN THERE ARE MD ONES.

-4411 41EART ASS IS LwaREAKAGLE BUT IF A BAD GuY HOUR BECAUSE I HAVE HA A BASEBALL AND A YouN CT BAT OR A BOMB HALF AND HE-- A/0 OA/if HAS BEFORE A GIANT CLAW THE JUST GO BACK ALAIMP TO SLEEP AND I DOW T TRUST ME... THINK SO.

LOVE YOU, SWEET- HEART.

No. NO, HONEY... NOT IF YOU DON'TWAWA/1111 LET THEM GET THIS. thveREAKAera. YOUR reAN. 3 LOVE SOU, TOO, HEAR"4 MOM...I LOVE YOU yOuR 50 MUCH... If:FrASP/AV7:- --WHERE you .... 11 KEEP YOUR LOVE "Wiffile. II AND cMdey AND 0 EVERTDANG THAT MATTERS. 1 YOU CAN'T THEM B REEVY tieurR T NO MATTER WHAT HAPPENS. 1garthAt g 11

162 188 INFORMATION BULLETIN I'M NOT BROKEN. MY HEART IS UNBREAKABLE, TOO.

DO YOU THINK--CAN WE...? CAN WE START DO/N& STUFF AGAIN? I THINK MOM WOULD LIKE THAT.

Dedicated to N.Y.P.D. Officer Moira Smith, Port Authority P.D. Captain Kathy Mazza, their families, and all of the Children standing tall to honor lost Mothers and Fathers.

"Wake Up" (opposite, concluding above left), by Scott Kolins, Dan Panosian, Joe Kelly and John Workman, is a hopeful story of a boy encountering his late mother in a dream. And in Alex Ross' painting, one of the greatest fictional heroes and his dog look up in respect to real-life heroes. Both pieces appeared in DC Comics' "9-11: September 11th 2001" collection.

collective, therapeutic relief from theing comic book artists on the 9/11osity and unity, donated 335 original trauma they suffered. The displaystheme. The comic book is a powerful drawings to the Library. were constantly crowded. Some, likeand compelling storytelling medium, Concurrently, Exit Art had mounted a museum show that featured theand in the aftermath of September 11,a second, more inclusive exhibition, work of members of the elite Magnumillustrators were among the first art-"Reactions: A Global Response to the Photos news agency, were exclusive;ists to respond to the terrorist attacks. 9/11 Attacks." Recognizing that people others, like "This Is New York: AIn an unprecedented action, a coali-everywhere had an urgent need to Democracy of Photographs," weretion of publishers, writers and illustra- freely communicate their feelings pub- radically inclusive and unedited. Anytors quickly joined forces to producelicly, the staff of the avant-garde gal- snapshot taken that day was accepted.a remarkable, two-volume anthology, lery had sent out a worldwide appeal These and other concurrent 9 /11 shows "September 11: The World's Finestby letter and e-mail for individuals to in Manhattan greatly assisted P&PComic Book Writers and Artists Tellsend in creative responses. There was curators to survey the nature andStories to Remember." Original workone simple criterion: each artwork had range of creative artworks as well asfor these books, as well as for anotherto be on an 8 1/2 x 11-inch sheet of documentary images, and acquisition-graphic publication, "World War IIIpaper. When Katz saw the show, some related trips to Manhattan becameIllustrated," was on display at Exit2,443 original pieces were on view, frequent. Art. Impressed by the high quality ofhanging densely in rows from wires On one trip in early 2002, Katz, a car-the cartoons on view, Katz and curato- strung across the gallery. They included toon and caricature specialist, visitedrial assistant Martha Kennedy imme-heartfelt and highly personal creations: a show at Exit Art, a non-profit, cul-diately contacted the editors and pub-drawings, paintings, photographs, col- tural center and alternative art exhi-lisherstoinquire about possiblelages, letters, digital prints, poems and bition gallery not far from the Worldacquisitions. All were highly enthusi-graphic designs. The exhibit was Amer- Trade Center site. It was an unusualastic and in turn contacted the artistsican in spiritcompletely open and displayoriginal illustrations by lead-who, in a remarkable display of gener-democratic. Everyone was an equal

SEPTEMBER 2002 BEST COPY MAMA1:,LIE 163 18 9 A piece from the open-submission "Reactions" exhibition by New York's Exit Art gallery; an aerial view of the damaged Pentagon building

participant; sophisticated work by internationally recognized artists hung side-by-side with drawings submitted by children. These were ready-made, visual archives, revealing a wide variety of social, cultural and emotional reactions to the terrorist attacks; the same-sized works expressed strong feelingsgrief, fear, anger, hope, patriotism, even strong antiwar sentiment. A critical and popular success, the unique show was an attractive, if unusual, acquisition for the division's growing 9/11 collection. Subse- quently, Adamson and Katz met with the board of directors of Exit Art to present the case that the Library of Congress was the appropriate repository of this unique array of creative responses from individuals in 27 countries. They enthusiastically approved, and the Exit Art Reactions Collection was acquired at cost, rights-free. Representative examples are included in "Witness and Response." In early 2002, another unconventional exhibition opened in New York, "A New World Trade Center: Design Pro- posals." In collaboration with the editors of Architectural Record, gallery owner Max Protetch had invited more than 100 architects worldwide to submit imaginative proposals for the redevelopment of the Twin Towers site.

".` Sixty, including many internationally acclaimed practitioners in the field, sent sets of drawings, models, and Daniel DiGia photographs, as well as state- of-the-art electronic and digital presentations of their ideas. Freed from practical, real- world constraints imposed by clients, and incorporating radically different technological, economic, social and philo- sophical approaches, the proposals were highly creative and forward-looking. Taken as a group, they provided a remarkable "snapshot" of advanced architectural thinking at the beginning of the 21st century. After it opened in New York, the architecture show attracted extraordinary media attention and unprecedented, standing-room-only crowds. Ford Peatross, P&P's curator of architectural, design and engineering collections, raised the idea of acquiring the unique collection, and in April 2002, when the show traveled to the National Building Museum in Washington, D.C., (where it broke attendance records),itwas carefully reviewed by the curators and U.S. Government Photo

164 INFORMATION BULLETIN * 0 m 24)

.1101,1. .0 Diane Kresh, director for public servicethe Library's current memo- collections. Recognizing its importance,rial exhibition, they especially Kresh authorized its acquisition. Addingsaved the last burned and to the growing critical acclaim of "A Newcrushed fragments of struc- World Trade Center" was the fact thattural steel and metal clad- it had been selected by the U.S. Depart-ding from the World Trade ment of State to be America's official entryCenter. A strong supporter at the 2002 Biennale di Venezia, the cel-of the Library, the energetic ebrated international architecture exhi-photographer also helped to bition scheduled for this fall in Venice.arrange for another gifta Examples of the conceptual designspiece of limestone torn from including the well-known "Towers ofthe Pentagon (see article, p. Light" proposalare digitally displayed 176). On display in the exhi- in the Library's current September 11bition, these artifacts are tan- exhibition. gible records of the physical Gallery owner Protetch also introduceddevastation suffered on Sep- Adamson and Peatross to the fine art pho-tember 11, 2001. tographer Joel Meyerowitz. Although best As the curators contin- known for his exquisite, light-filled land-uously reviewed the divi- scape and marine views, he was thesion's growing acquisition, only photographer officially authorizedthey realized that important to remain on the World Trade Center siteimages were missing. While after September 11 and document thescores of photographers had work. Until May 2002, when the debris wasdocumented the destruction finally cleared, he devoted himself to pho-of the World Trade Center, tographing the steady demolition, hour-few were on hand when by-hour, day-by-day, and the retrieval ofthe Pentagon was attacked, victims. His beautiful but haunting scenesor when hijacked Flight 93 of the ruins at all times of the day andcrashed in a rural field in night, along with his portraits of con-Shanksville, Pa. Intent on struction workers, police and firemen atfilling gaps, in the early Ground Zero, have attracted widespreadspring of this year, photogra- national and international attention. Afterphy curators Carol Johnson, reviewing a selection with the photogra-Beverly Brannan and Verna "bleeding Flag" by Ziva Kronzen pher in New York, Adamson and KatzCurtis visited the News- chose fifteen large-size, color composi-eum in Arlington, Va., to viewpendent and amateur photographers tions for the Library's collections, severalan exhibit of Pentagon-relatedwho had documented the crash site, of which are on view in "Witness andimages. Among them were severalthe activities of Red Cross and other Response." dramatic, eyewitness shots takenvolunteer workers, and the memorials Another well-known photographer,by a local amateur photographer,to the victims which had appeared Carol Highsmith, unexpectedly donatedDaryl Donley. An administrator' atSpontaneously. From online databases, a stunning panoramic photograph shethe National Symphony Orches-She also identified relevant Shanksville took of lower Manhattan and the Worldtra, he had been caught in a trafficand Pentagon images from photogra- Trade Center from a helicopter on a clearjam directly opposite the building,phers employed by Associated Press, day in early August 2001 (see photo,The doomed passenger jet passedReuters and the Knight-Ridder syndi- page 176). Almost a year later, she was directly over his car before explod-cates. Assistant curator Maricia Battle invited to accompany the cross-countrying in a fireball inside the immensethen followed up, contacting various trip of the final remains of the Twinoffice complex. After recoveringnewspapers and photojournalists and Towers, a massive piece of structuralfrom his initial shock, he reachedcarefully negotiating the acquisition steel that will be melted down andfor his camera and took a uniqueof 58 copyrighted images, along with turned into a memorial sculpture inseries of photographs of the bufmtheir exhibition rights. While docu- California. Along the way, as the trucking structure immediately follow-mentary photos predominate, Verna stopped in cities and towns, tens of thou-ing the impact. Resourceful photoCurtis, curator of fine art photogra- sands reached out to touch the dam- curators tracked down Donley aridphy, recommended the acquisition of a aged beam and personally share inarranged to acquire a selection ofnumber of symbolic and poetic images America's collective grief. Highsmithhis extraordinary views. taken by leading artist-photographers. documented the extraordinary journey, To obtain images from Shanks-In one mournful instance, a photog- recently donating her set of color photo-ville, Beverly Brannan telephonedrapher digitally manipulated a verti- graphs, along with their rights. area newspapers, the local volun-cal format, architectural view made in After the trip, Highsmith put Peatross inteer fire department, and even con- 1994. He removed a shot of the soar- touch with company officials in charge oftacted the rural electric cooperative, ing Twin Towers above ground, but recycling the steel from Ground Zero. Foreventually locating several inde-retained their reflection below in a

SEPTEMBER 2002 165 puddle of water on a deserted street. In the field of posters and related graphic design, a variety of New York artists produced works intended to boost spirits and heal emotions in the aftermath of the World Trade Center attack. For a collaborative project called "Time to Con- sider: The Arts Respond to 9 /11," poets, architects, artists and designers submitted 100 designs. Four were finally selected for printing and were distributed all over the city. Poster curator Elena Millie ensured they were donated to the Library, along with a CD-ROM containing the entire series of submissions. In addition, Millie discovered five compelling 9 /11- related poster designs in the annual springtime Communications Graphics Show sponsored by the American Institute of Graphic Art. They, too, entered the Library's collections as gifts. A startling series of 23 posters, expressing an entirely different point of view, was acquired through the Library's overseas operations office in Islamabad, Pakistan. Carol Highsmith The garish designs all include the looming Spontaneous shrines in memory of victims appeared at disaster face of Osama bin Laden surroundedsites and at public places throughout the nation (clockwise from top): patriotic angels at the Shanksville, Pa., site of the crash of Flight 93; a candle-filled sidewalk memorial in Manhattan; and a shrine on the Pentagon grounds near the crash site in Arlington, Va.

James Hardin David Finn

166 INFORMATION BULLETIN by exploding U.S. warplanes, tanks,eral of which she recommended forexamples of recent P&P acquisitions rifle-toting child warriors and holyacquisition. Another local show, "Art- on view in "Witness and Response" Islamic sites, along with superimposedists Respond: September 11," stagedreveal not only the wide-ranging Koranic exhortations and Jihad slo-at the Rockville (Md.) Art Center, like-approaches taken by creative individ- gans in Arabic and Urdu. One espe-wise provided a source of new acqui-uals to documenting and interpreting cially chilling poster situates-bin Lad-sitions. Blood also tracked down two the terrible events that occurred on en's head against a photograph of thememorial print portfolios that wereSeptember 11, 2001, and the feelings World Trade Center in flames. Repel-added to the collection: "9 / 11. Fear,they aroused, but also the commit- lent as they may be to Americans, theseFate, Faith" by students and faculty at ment of the curatorial staff to ensuring graphic images are a part of the histori-the Corcoran School of Art + Designthat such works remain a vital compo- cal context that must be preserved. (P&P also acquired a matching port-nent of the historical record preserved Like her colleagues, fine prints cura-folio of photographs by Corcoran stu-in the Library of Congress. Looking tor Katherine Blood searched for art-dents) and "September 11th" pub-back, the division's still-growing 9/11 works related to the September 11lished by artist members of Newarchives is not unlike the great col- theme. Fine artists were slower toYork's Manhattan Graphics Center.lection of Depression-era Farm Secu- respond creatively than illustratorsIn all, 83 artists' prints and drawingsrity Administration photographs that and graphic designers, but an exhibi-were acquired, again, many by gift.reveal so poignantly the strength and tion presented in early 2002 by Meri-The majority of these artists had cre-resilience of the American people in dien International Center in Washing-ated their work not for the art market,times of duress. ton, D.C., "True Colors: Meditations onbut out of an inner need to express and the American Spirit," brought togetherallay their own personal feelings ofJeremy Adamson is chief of the Prints and a variety of creative responses, sev-anguish, mourning and disbelief. The Photographs Division.

Dylan Moore The attacks inspired many outbursts of patriotic activity. Here, Brooks Breece of Dale City, Va.,waves the American flag on a hill overlooking the interstate highway in Occoquan, Va., on Sept. 14, 2001.

SEPTEMBER 2002 167 193 22 pages of coverage inside 1., lriflallagafi JOUIlla (

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170 I3EST Copy INFORMATION BULLETIN AVA111,4L.06ig Steven Hirsch of the New York Post was on the scene as firemen prepared to enter the World Trade Center collapse site in this image titled "Men of Stone." On the Scene of Catastrophe Photojournalists Bring Images of Terror to Life

BY CAROL JOHNSON Jeremy Adamson, P&P chief, mod-get out of his car, and use his camera Five photographers who capturederated the discussion. "Images may with a zoom lens to capture the Penta- the devastation of terrorist attacksbe eloquent and be worth a thousandgon in flames, within about three min- on September 11 told the storieswords, but it is important for us toutes of the attack. behind their images during a panelhear what the creators have to say," he Bolivar Arellano was the next pho- discussion, "Capturing History: Pho-said. "Artists and photographers aretographer to take the podium. It was tojournalists and 9 /11," sponsored byoften left out of the verbal and tex-through his gallery in New York's the Library's Prints and Photographstual environments that surround theirEast Village that the Library acquired Division (P&P) on June 20. work." Adamson stressed that, with-extensive photographic documen- Madison Council members Thomasout photography, no one would havetation of the attack on the World and Katherine Martin provided theknown precisely what it was like atTrade Center. Arellano, originally funding for the Library to purchasethe scene of the terrorists' attacks. from Ecuador, has been a photogra- more than 100 digital photographic Donley, the assistant director ofpher for more than 30 years. He docu- prints documenting the attacks on theoperations for the National Symphonymented civil wars in El Salvador and World Trade Center. The panel discus-Orchestra, was the first photographerNicaragua, among other events. Arel- sion in the Library's Mumford Roomto show slides of his work. On thelano was the only photographer to was held to bring the new acquisitionmorning of September 11, he was driv-shoot an image of the second World to the attention of Library staff anding past the Pentagon on his way toTrade tower after the first tower came the public. work. He heard a low-flying planedown. He was standing across the The panel's photographers includedand saw it crash into the Pentagon.street from tower number two at the one amateur and four professionals:Once he realized what had happenedtime it collapsed. As the building Daryl Donley, a Falls Church, Va., res-and regained his composure, Donleycrumbled, Arellano was thrown four ident who captured the Pentagon inremembered that he had his camerafeet in the air. His leg was injured, flames while on his way to work inwith him. His first reaction was thatbut he continued to photograph. He Washington, D.C.; Bolivar Arellano, G.he could not photograph the scene,took the last known picture of a group N. Miller, and Steven Hirsch, all frombut then he thought he must. He man-of 13 firemen before they lost their the New York Post; and Susan Wattsaged to pull to the side of the highwaylives on a rescue mission at the World from the New York Daily News. jammed with rush-hour traffic, stop, Trade Center. SEPTEMBER 2002 197 171 * 0

New York Post photographer Steven Hirsch saw the devastation from the roof of his apartment building. He bicycled down to Ground Zero and became a witness to one of the most traumatic events of his life. By the time he arrived, both of the buildings had already collapsed and it was difficult to move around because of the debris. Gary Miller worked as a New York City corrections officer at Riker's Island and as a detective for the New York City Police Department before becoming a professional photographer. Miller said he was hesitant to take photographs at Ground Zero until he remembered his days of working in law enforcement. He compared his former job of drawing a gun to protect himself from criminals to shooting photographs. He explained that he created his image titled "Resurrection Within" in response to the statement he heard after the attack, to the effect that "There's no life at the Trade Center; everyone's dead. There's no life after the Trade Center." Miller said, "But41even Hirsch's "Golgotha" for the New York Post begins to capture the there is life after the Trade Center.onormity of the carnage at the World Trade Center, as the tiny fireman There's growth." alArvey the wreckage; Daryl Donley's first photo of the Pentagon in Susan Watts was covering a pri-flumes was taken through the rear-view mirror of his car. mary election on the Upper East Side for the New York Daily News at the time the plane hit the first trade center tower. She arrived at the World Trade Center five minutes after the second plane hit and ran for her life as the second building fell. She lost several pieces of her camera equipment and cannot remember taking some of her pictures, she said. Adamson asked the panel, "What does it take to be a news photographer? Do you like action? Danger? Are you capable of dealing with stress? Do you like the grit?" Although Arellano had risked his life on several occasions in Central and South America while taking photo- 0 graphs of war, he said he was not prepared for September 11. But, his profession is to take pictures, he said, and when something happens he has to be at the scene. Adamson asked how he brought hisshe has never had a moment when she Hirsch said he fell in love with news-work to the media's attention. Donley could not take a picture. "You have to paper photography as a child and loves aid he contacted a friend who worksremove yourself emotionally from the the excitement of not knowing whatfor Gannett who in turn introducedsituation because you see such horri- is going to happen from one day tohim to Life's photo editor. ble things," she said. "You provide a the next. Miller said he enjoys seeing Adamson questioned the photogra-public service. You have a responsibil- his photographs developedcaptur-phers about their automatic responseity to your readers." ing history. to events and whether they had a Amateur photographer Donley hadmoment's hesitation before rushing to Carol Johnson is a curator of photography his work published in Life magazine.the center of disaster. Watts replied that in the Prints and Photographs Division.

172 INFORMATION BULLETIN rt O

A Ordinary People, Extraordinary Events Folklife Center Sponsors Documentary Project

By ANN HOOG The American Folklife Center has now received approx- n Sept. 12, 2001, Peggy Bulger, director of the Ameri:imately 600 interviews (500 hours), a three-foot stack of OcanFolldife Center, called a meeting so that staff couldaccompanying manuscript materials, and more than 200 share their thoughts and feelings about the day beforeaphotographs of memorials from 22 states and a U.S. military day that the Library of Congress was evacuated in the wakebase in Naples, Italy. Although the center's original call was of the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. to folklore professionals trained in ethnographic documen- Folklorists and ethnomusicologists talked about the storiestation, the word quickly spread to others, and the center also they had heard from other people, describing their experi-received interviews from high school teachers, film students, ences of the event. It was the sharing of these stories thatlibrarians and local historical societies. reminded this writer of a collection in the Library's Archive Many of those contacted originally used the project as a of Folk Culture, made in the first days following the bomb- way to teach oral history and fieldwork techniques in their ing of Pearl Harbor. college classes; at the same time, they recognized Sixty years ago, on Dec. 8, 1941, Alan Lomax, that it also could be an exercise in healing. As then in charge of the Archive of American a result, several of the interviews were con Folk Song, sent an urgent message to folk- c by college students. With such a lorists to collect "man on the street" reac- diversity of participation, the center has tions to the bombing of Pearl Harbor '44J received recordings made with profes- and the declaration of war by the United sional equipment and others made on States. Recordings were made in all 20-dollar tape recorders. Some people parts of the United States in which decided to videotape their interviews. people expressed their immediate reac- Whatever format the participants chose tions to the cataclysmic event. Inter- 47 and whatever the sound quality, the views were conducted with shoemakers, center has kept all the narratives that were electricians, janitors, oilmen, cab drivers, submitted. They are all valuable pieces of housewives, students, soldiers and physi- the full story of September 11. cians. People of many ethnic groups and ages The collection is as diverse as the center expressed their opinions on the political, social, had hoped. There are interviews from people who economic and military aspects of the attack. The record- were in the World Trade Center and the Pentagon during the ings were sent to the Library of Congress, where they wereattacks, but also from people living in East Sullivan, Maine; used to create a radio documentary program which wasCambridge, Mass.; Durham, N.C.; Orlando, Fla.; Madison, broadcast on the Mutual Broadcasting System. Wis.; Lansing, Mich.; Des Moines, Iowa; Norman, Okla.; "Why don't we do that today?" asked this author at the Boulder, Colo.; Salt Lake City, Utah; Los Angeles, Calif., and meeting. "We could send an e-mail to folklore listservs and many other towns and cities across the countryboth small ask our colleagues to interview people about Septemberand large. The center received interviews with teachers and 11." By 4 p.m. that day, the center had prepared a callstudents, from elementary to graduate school; police offi- for participation for Publore, a listsery of 350 public folk- cers, firemen and other emergency workers; office workers, lorists and other ethnog- security guards, librarians raphers across the nation. and mayors; citizens whose Folklorists were asked to families have lived in the record the reactions of United States for genera- people in their communi- tions and those who had ties to the tragic events. arrived from other coun- What were they doing tries only days before. when they heard of the With 600 interviews and attacks? How have their more than 500 hours of lives been changed? material, it is difficult to Almost immediately the provide a general descrip- centerbeganreceiving tion of the collection and e-mails from folklorists to adequately express its expressing enthusiasm for diversity. The voices speak the project. And although for themselves, and the fol- the center's staff had no lowing is a small sampling resources and no formal of some of the moving nar- plan, they knew there was James Hardin ratives represented in the a need to record and pre-A small selection of the hundreds of post-September 11collection. The first excerpt serve these stories. interviews collected by the American Folklife Center. is from a New York police

SEPTEMBER 2002 199 173 * 0

* "I was assigned to a station one block away and a call came over the radio of an 'unknown condition at the World Trade Center'." officer who was called to the World Trade Center immedi- The collection includes many stories of people who expe- ately after the first plane hit: rienced the events at Ground Zero, and other stories from "I was assigned to a station one block away from New York neighborhoods some distance away. the World Trade Center and a call came over "I have a bar, a saloon in Red Hook [Brooklyn] called the radio of an 'unknown condition at the World Lillie's. I went back and I started immediately call- Trade Center.' I had a partner, and [we] responded ing my friends to invite them over. We couldn't to the World Trade Center. And when we emerged get reception on the television so we took it to the from the [subway] station people were running garden and turned on the news. By that time, 15 frantically in the street area, and there was debris people were in my garden, still in disbelief of course. of all sorts everywhere. People were pointing, 'It's And we just watched TV all day. So as night fell over there, it's over there.' And as we ran up the I decided to close the bar because I couldn't really road up towards the World Trade Center, I saw a entertain people too well. And then about 12-mid- plane sticking out of the building and I could not night the back door started to open and people believe my eyes.... I basically just thought that started flooding in the bar. We had about 50 people it was not real, seeing a plane sticking out of the in the bar. And then the firemen came in from our building on fire and people frantically crying, run- local ladder companies. We have two houses here ning, etc. and so on. And I called over the radio and collectively they had been coming to the bar that a plane had confirmed [sic] hit the World before, so I knew a good many of them. And they Trade Center and let them know that we were started coming in the door. And the smell that was there and just began the evacuation of the second on their bodies, the soot, the burning smell, and their building because there was so much debris fall- ears were blackened and they had burns. They came ing from the first building. ... We started evacua- in and they asked me how I was, which I thought tion of the second building because people were was just phenomenal, being that they had just been coming out, and stuff was flying down. And there in the midst of a catastrophe that we've never known was an overhang underneath the Borders bookin our history in this country, especially in New York. store, and we kept people underneath that over- So they began popping open beers, and we gave hang and told them just to go down the street, get them buckets of beers in the garden. My friends out of the area, don't look up, continue to walk. started circling around them, and everybody just And people [were] running, people were crying. wanted to be with them. And that was the closest People were injured coming out of this building, that really, anybody that was here had gotten to and I went down to the lower level of the esca- this disaster. And so we decided, let's just give it lator because they were saying people needed to a go, let's just all be together, stay close together. be helped out. I helped a woman that had MS, I They cried, they laughedmostly laughed which I didn't get her name, I don't know who she was, couldn't believe because they really just tried to find or where she was from or anything like that, but some kind of comfort in laughter. And we rang in I carried her out of the building and brought her the night, probably all night, and took care of them. down to Broadway, away from the front of the I'll never forget that day, and those guys' faces. And I building ... and I got halfway down... and there looked, I looked at guys coming in, and I kept look- was a big, tall gentleman there in [Army] camou- ing for certain guys, and I didn't see their faces. And flage, fatigues, and I asked him to carry her the of course I assumed the worst. And I asked the other rest of the way around the corner, and I told all the firemen, 'Where's Christian, where's Sal, where's people on the block to get out of here.... we knew [sic] these guys.' And they were among the missing. it wasn't safe." And that was my day of September 11, 2001." Carol Paukner, N.Y.P.D. Lillie Haws, Brooklyn, N.Y.

174 INFORMATION BULLETIN The Folk life Center has approximately 200 interviews from New York City and Arlington, Va., but the majority of this collection is from other parts of the country; for example, from those who heard about the news from the television, a phone call, or teachers in their classrooms. "I fell asleep on the couch with the TV on, woke up because the dog wanted to go out. And looked at the TV, and there was a movie on that I didn't want to watch. So I switched the channel, the movie was on the next channel, and I switched again and it was on the next channel and I realized it was not a movie. And so I watched for a little whilethis was like 7:30 in the morning, maybe a little earlierand I wanted specifics so I flashed on all the channels 10 and everyone pretty much had all the same infor- 7---- ,-----r--,-,.--N/ ---241.------,-...." mation. And I realized when I saw the films of the ,,__- c`.. ./6- second plane hit, that it was not an accident, and I called my mother down in Santa Rosa. The first thing that occurred to me was that it was not an accident, the second thing was that if they hit the \".s..\>\--\\ ----- East Coast, they could hit the West Coast and so I 1.---1.--- started thinking of targets on the West Coast." Billy Jo McAfee, Lake Tahoe, Calif.

James Hardin Five states away, in Iowa, family connections to the The author and Ines Klinger review some affected cities were registered. of the interviews collected. "[My husband] and I live on a farm in western Iowa, Harrison County, outside a small town called The contents of the interviews go beyond feelings expe- Woodbine. Our youngest daughter lives in Brook- rienced that day. They include views on international rela- lyn, New York. At the time of the destruction of tions, politics, economics, patriotism, charity efforts, family, the World Trade Center in New York City... she fears of flying, prejudices and life changes. worked in a building approximately two blocks Though collecting audio recordings was the primary goal from the towers. We usually watch the 'Good Morn- of this project, the center also collected photographic doc- ing America' broadcast from Manhattan because umentation of the spontaneous memorial tributes created we can see what the weather is and since we have near the Pentagon, as well as in other parts of the country. In visited the city several times we enjoy seeing the addition to photographs taken near Arlington Cemetery, the places we visited....[The announcers] reported center received photos of memorials from other states such the first plane had hit a tower. I was concerned as Georgia, Pennsylvania, Tennessee and Wisconsin. and asked my husband to come into the house These reactions from communities across the United and watch with me. We were watching when the States help to complete the story of how this nation experi- second plane hit and heard reports of the other enced and reacted to the events of September 11. Audio field hijacked planes. We had spoken to [our daughter] recordings are especially valuable elements of our histori- the preceding night because her birthday is Sep- cal record. Storytelling and other forms of expression help tember 11, and we knew she was going [to be out people to manage their feelings. of town that day]. We wished her a happy birthday, Excerpts from these interviews make up the half-hour pre- but neglected to ask her how she was traveling. We sentation called "Soundscape," which is part of the Library's kept reassuring each other that she was probably "Witness and Response" exhibition; the presentation will not in the city. ... However, we were both appre- run continuously from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday-Saturday, hensive because we weren't sure where she was. in the Orientation Theater of the Jefferson Building, from We continued to watch, glued to the TV set. Finally Sept. 7 to Nov. 2. we decided to try to call her at her office, but we "It is cathartic to tell stories [about] where you were when were unable to get through because of busy circuits. you heard about the attacks," says Peggy Bulger. "Nothing We then tried her home phone in Brooklyn, with replaces the recorded voice; when you listen to those voices the same result. We watched in horror as we saw from 1941, along with the street noises in the background, you the people hurrying across the Brooklyn Bridge, are better able to imagine the whole context of that particular saw the first tower crumble, and then later the time and place. I hope that someone listening to the September second tower collapse. Because of the excellent cov- 11 collection 60 years from now learns as much as researchers erage by the media cameras it was as if you were have learned from our Pearl Harbor Collection, by listening to there. We did not know that our daughter was in ordinary people reacting to extraordinary events." the hoard of people crossing over to Brooklyn." Waunita Johnson, Woodbine, Iowa Ann Hoog is a folklife specialist in the American Folklife Center.

SEPTEMBER 2002 201 175 PtgiVaa§ CEMO McDtogunD8D@o Putg@Gff@@ Ngoiriuy VO'@Ufloog

BY BRIAN GOULD Carol Highsmith took this pan- C ome precious cargo has arrived at the Library of Congress, delivered by pho-oramic photograph of lower Man- tographer Carol Highsmith, who has worked with the Library on exhibitionshattan and the World Trade Center and collections over the years. Some of the artifactsremnants of the Worldfrom a helicopter just one month Trade Center and the Pentagonwill be featured in the Library's exhibitionprior to the disaster; Harry Katz "Witness & Response: September 11 Acquisitions at the Library of Congress." and Ford Peatross of the Prints The exhibition will run from Sept. 7 through Nov. 2 in the Great Hall of the Jef-and Photographs Division unload a ferson Building. 400-pound beam salvaged from the In a recent interview, Highsmith discussed the journey she took across thewreckage of the World Trade Center United States accompanying a steel beam from the World Trade Center onat the Library's loading dock. its way to a California sculpture foundry. High- I at smith went along with the press corps to photograph the cross-country journey of these artifacts and their reception in towns and cities. "It was like going across the country on a funeral train," Highsmith said, referring to her trip from June 21 to July 4, when she accompanied two flatbed trucks from New York to Cali- fornia. One transported a crushed fire engine, the other the last great I-beam from the World Trade Center site. Both will be used in a large memorial sculpture titled "Freedom's Flame." The monument is to pay homage to those aboard American Airlines Flights 11 and 77 bound for Los Angeles, and United Airlines Flights 93 and 175 bound for Los Angeles and San Francisco, respectively, who were killed on September 11. The caravan made stops at 11 state capitals along the way, providing Highsmith with some of her most poignant memories. "The more people I saw along the way, the more I realized the value of what we were doing," she said. During a stop in Springfield, Ill., the wreckage was left unat- tended overnight. When Highsmith and the drivers awoke the next morning, the entire steel beam had been signed by residents who came to pay their respects to those who gave their lives. The Rachel Evans

176 INFORMATION BULLETIN 202 0

battered structural steel had been completely covered with signatures, thanks and inspirational messages such as, "We will not forget," and "God Bless Amer- ica." "There was not a single spot left to sign on this gigantic piece of metal," Highsmith exclaimed. "It was just so moving to see an entire town display their American spirit." Highsmith helped connect Prints and Photographs Division (P&P) architecture curator Ford Peatross with officials in charge of recycling the steel from the Twin Towers, with the result that a 400-pound section of structural steel from the upper floors of the World Trade Center, now resides in P&P. "It sure feels like 400 pounds," said head of Prints and Photographs curatorial staff Harry Katz, one of the six men it took to unload the chunk from Highsmith's vehicle. Approximately 5 feet long by 11/2 feet wide, the crumpled surface of the box- like form is pitted by smoke, fire, ash Rachel Evans and other debris. "The thing that is soThe steel beam of the World Trade Center twisted and buckled from moving," Highsmith said, "is that thisthe heat and pressure; Highsmith holds two pieces of glass fallen is not just a piece of broken metal, but afrom the windows of one of the towers. welding of steel and human beings." One end has the recent mark of a cutting torch; the other end is in far worse shape, showing the terrible damage from the total collapse of the Twin Towers. A twisted piece of steel is attached to one side. Once a construction joint, this piece of metal contains a massive bolt at least two inches in diameter that has been 1111.1111k sheered in two. According to Highsmith, it is one of the larger "invincible" bolts that attached the sections of the structure together, bolts that were perceived by engineers to be indestructible, giving the towers their own Titanic-like reputation. The thickness of the rectangular beam also provides clues to the beam's location within the struc- 9 ture, Highsmith said. The sides of the beam are about an inch thick, indicating that it was part of the tower's higher stories. Thicker, heavier steel was used on the lower stories, giving the structure greater stability. Another piece of the World Trade Center that High- smith provided is a battered and crushed aluminum Rachel Evans panel. About four feet long and two feet wide, this tion of the times in which they are living. "What I am most happy panel was a piece of the silver-toned exterior clad- about," she said, "is that people are realizing-how valuable current ding of the towers, located between the rows of win- [documentation] is. Current is important." dows. This once vibrant sheet of aluminum is now The "Freedom's Flame" memorial (www.freedomsflame.us) punctured, torn and dented. sponsored by Verizon, Metals Management Northeast Inc. (the Two small chunks of glass at least an inch thick,donor of the metal fragments), Southwest Airlines, and many round out the contribution. The New York Times others, is still in the process of raising funds for its construction. had reported that no glass had been found amidst Shaped like a giant sundial, it will have a spiral staircase winding the wreckage transported to the landfill site, that it around it, a fireman ascending the stairs and citizens of all types had been pulverized in the buildings' collapse, butpositioned on the base. It will feature marks on the sundial's base, Highsmith held proof to the contrary in the palm of commemorating the specific times that the events of September 11 her hand. occurredeach plane collision, each tower falling. Highsmith has high hopes not only for the Library's use of the artifacts, but also for Americans' apprecia- Brian Gould is an intern in the Public Affairs Office.

SEPTEMBER 2002 177 203 Knowledge of the Muslim World Library Area Specialists Play Critical Role

BY MARY-JANE DEEB After September 11, the African e September 11 national crisis andMiddleEasternDivision's highlighted the importance not ISJI 1.4a (AMED) Iranian area specialist, Ibra- only of the vast resources of the him Pourhadi, thought it was impor- Library of Congress, but also of its itisp 4.1.# I 4 tant to expand the Library's col- area specialists, whose knowledge pt..1 OWI IAA laid ...,111 4 v lections on Afghanistan. Turning to of the languages and cultures of the his wide network of connections, Muslim world was critical in provid- du 4.331 ,..AS.11 W .Z . 4 ,w p., j.0 Pourhadi met with an old friend, a ing much needed assistance to mem- 4 4ns, professor named Ludvig W. Adamec, bers of Congress, the media and the L,Cs, ,;t ,.A41 v 4:41 za who had just retired from the Near general public. wt.' 4 .1)11 Eastern Studies department of the FollowingtheSeptember11 ji.P5 (bi" University of Arizona. Adamec had bombings, the Near East Section spent 40 years of his professional life of the Library of Congress was studying Afghanistan and had col- flooded with requests for informa- lected an extensive and valuable tion about Afghanistan, Osama bin collection of publications on that Laden, Islamist groups, Muslims country. Pourhadi suggested that he and Muslim countries. Arab World should consider selling his collection area specialist Fawzi Tadros decided to the Library of Congress. Adamec to look through the Arabic collec- agreed that this would be the most tions to see what the Library held effective way to dispose of his collec- that could help those seeking more tion. As a gesture of friendship, and background information on the per- in gratitude for Pourhadi's sugges- petrators of the attacks on the World tion, he decided to give the Library Trade Center and the Pentagon a unique collection of newspapers, Searching through the minimum"Ma'arik Ma'sadah al-Ansar al= Arab bijournals and periodicals published level cataloging materials in theAfghanistan" (Battles of the Lion Den ofin the past few years in Afghanistan Arabic collection, Tadros discov-the Arab Partisans in Afghanistan) byby the state Pushtu Academy. Early ered a slim 93-page book written byOsama bin Laden this year, several boxes of materials bin Laden himself and published in arrived at the Library; they included Cairo in 1991. Curious to see what bin Another important aspect of thisperiodicals such as Ayendah-e Afghani- Laden had to say, Tadros read the bookbook is the fact that bin Laden men-stan (Afghan Future) which covers the from cover to cover and decided thattioned the names of the people whoSoviet invasion and its aftermath; Adab it provided extremely valuable infor-fought with him, many of whom were(Literature) which focuses on Afghani mation that needed to be made public.killed in the war against the Soviets,literary output; Ehsaiyeh (Statistics) He took it upon himself to translate thebut some of whom may still be alivewhich provides statistical information entire book to English. and among his closest allies. He alsoon Afghanistan; Nafus (Population) The book entitled "Ma arik Ma'sadahincluded valuable background infor- which includes demographic informa- al-Ansar Arab bi Afghanistan" (Bat-mation on the nationality of his alliestion on the people of Afghanistan; and tles of the Lion Den of the Arab Parti-which could prove useful for thoseSobhi-omid (Hope of the Morning), a sans in Afghanistan) was written by binattempting to trace the roots of thegeneral interest periodical. Laden as a testimony of his faith andmovement he leads. Other AMED specialists went on addressed to the memory of those who When Tadros completed the trans-acquisition trips to the Middle East in fought with him against the Soviets inlation, he gave a copy to the FederalSeptember 2001 and April 2002 with the 1980s. He describes how he and theResearch Division so that it could be the Cairo office field director, Laila Mul- mujahedeen fighters planned and exe- made available to those in government gaokar (see related story, p. 179). They cuted major attacks against the occupy-who might be interested. Word spread, selected Islamic materials for acquisition ing Soviet army in Afghanistan, howand Librarian of Congress James H.and expanded the acquisition guide- they encircled the enemy and launchedBillington requested a copy. In mid-lines to include more Islamic opposi- lightning attacks, then retreated to someMarch, when Billington presented thetion materials, more non-governmen- of the mountainous regions of Afghani-Library's budget before the Senate leg-tal materials and "ephemera" such as stan. He also describes the tactics andislative appropriations subcommittee,Friday sermons in mosques. the ruses used, such as fighting duringhe took the book with him to show the Muslim holy month of Ramadancommittee members the importance Mary-Jane Deeb is an Arab world area when the Russians believed the parti-and timeliness of the work that was specialist in the Library's African and sans would hold fire. being done at the Library. Middle Eastern Division.

178 INFORMATION BULLETIN BEST COPY. AVAILA 2U4 Documenting International Reaction September 11 in the Library's Overseas Offices

BY LYGIA BALLANTYNE selective basis, but in this case, The Library of Congress has as a reflection of local attitudes seven Americans working at the time, it became important overseas in charge of its six to obtain what we could of these acquisitions offices located in sermons which were often criti- Rio de Janeiro, Cairo, Nairobi, cal of American policy. Islamabad, New Delhi and In Pakistan prior to September Jakarta. Like most of our coun- 11,the Islamabad office had trymen, the six field directors 4 already begun a program to obtain (with one exception) and the one cassette recordings and publications from radical Islamic groups deputy field director in New ii Delhi learned of the attacks on (some of which groups were the World Trade Center and subsequently banned in January the Pentagon through televi- 2002). After the tragedies in New sion. We watched in shock and York and Washington, there was disbelief at the replaying of the an influx of posters, cassettes, attacks. videos, CDs and publications For most of uscertainly for oo° depicting views of various extrem- those serving in parts of the ist organizations. Even a copy of world troubled by terrorism a decree issued by Osama bin and political strifeour imme- Laden in Arabic with an English diate concern, after the initial 0 translation, declaring war on the state of shock and sorrow for United States, was acquired. the loss of life, was for the secu- Thirty-six posters featuring bin rity of our families and employ- Laden were acquired in October ees, and for the protection of and November 2001, most featur- our offices and the Library's ot ing Koranic injunctions on jihad. property. The librarian's reac- On many there were inscriptions tionto collect materials relat- of anti-American slogans and pic- ing to the attackscame next. I 11 ''t'elir"4"11.W.I111Mk 1 tures of various arms and ammu-

Trained to look at events in e>1)L-)Z,F-fri L-; f 1.;,- )1}.1,4:-'il 1 nition, from swords to tanks and order to document bi-national jet fighters. The most remarkable and global agendas as they arePakistani poster from October 2001, whichof these (pictured at left), obtained played out in the countries inincludes the caption, "Hundreds of Osamas willin October 2001, depicted bin which we live and work, we rec-emerge from every drop of my blood:' Laden against the backdrop of ognized the importance of col- the World Trade Center under lecting local coverage of September 11 The offices turned to their usualattack. This poster is significant because and the response of the United States. sources of publications to acquire news- it appeared to represent an early claim Reactions and coverage of the eventspapers, news magazines, pamphlets,of responsibility for the assault on the varied from country to country withinbooks, cassettes and posters. We imme- towers by bin Laden or his followers and our areas of responsibility. Officialdiately instructed our dealers, countrysympathizers in Pakistan. The primary reactions unanimously repudiated therepresentatives and acquisitions staffcaption, in Urdu, translates: "Hundreds attacks, as did the leading press in mostto be on the lookout for and supply anyof Osamas will emerge from every drop countries. In some countries, however,material relating to the events. We col-of my blood." public reaction was quite mixed. Inlected anything we could get our hands In Bangladesh, our representative most of our overseas offices our localon, including materials that might oth-acquired from street vendors in Dhaka employees lined up at our doors to com-erwise have been considered out ofseven large-size posters and calendars miserate with us and show their soli-scope. In India, for instance, books onof bin Laden. The Bengali posters were darity. Many citizens of the countriesthe attacks were off the press barelyfull of quotations from bin Laden's where the Library has offices also had two weeks after the event. Even thoughanti-American pronouncements, side- perished in the attack on the Worldthey lacked originality or depth ofby-side with extracts from the Koran. Trade Center. Books of condolencesanalysis, we considered it worthwhileThe illustrations included weaponry were made available at the Americanto acquire them. In Indonesia, theand scenes of military training camps, embassies and consulates and peopleoffice acquired Muslim clerics' ser-but no photos of the attacks. The bin walked in from the street to record their mons recorded on cassettes. This genreLaden quotations dated the posters as messages of support. of literature is usually collected on abeing post-September 11.

SEPTEMBEREMBER 2002 179 BEST COPY' AVAIL/W:1F: 205 0 4

*SS Our office in New ipality of Rio commis- Delhi decided to orga- sioned huge outdoor nize all the materials billboards and placed we acquired in a collec- them in many locations tion, arranged by lan- throughout the city on guage and, within lan- September 20. These guages, by format. The billboards depicted the assembled collection statue of Christ the was then microfilmed _ Redeemer, Rio's tradein our office laboratory mark tourist attraction, and cataloged. The col- with its outstretched lection was broadened arms over the skyline to embrace materials of New York City with not normally micro- the message"Rio filmed by the office, embraces New York." includingregional Opposition to our gov- newspapers and mag- ernment's war on ter- azinesthatwere rorism, however, sur- acquired for a limitedMary-Jane Deeb, Arab world area specialist; Osman al-Shaikhfaced even in Brazil period expresslytoHassan, Dar al Hikma publisher and distributor; and Lailawhen the billboards document regionalMulgaokar, Cairo field office director in front of the Al Sharjawere defaced by signs opinion. They includedNational Library in the United Arab Emirates, September 2001 that said "The U.S. is titlesfrom several the enemy of peace." Indian states, from Nepal, Bangladesh, world specialist, arrived in Kuwait on One measure of the impact of the and Burma, resulting in two reels ofSept. 9 for a four-country acquisitionsevents of September 11 on the psyche microfilm. The second reel includedtrip in the Gulf. After the attacks, theof Brazilian society was the appearance only Urdu publications from India andAmerican embassies encouraged themof several chapbooks of "literatura de represented the opinion of the largeto continue their trip, saying that it wascordel"the traditional form of folk Indian Muslim minority. important to keep "business as usual." poetry published in small booklets, usu- In addition to creating this specialMulgaokar and Deeb witnessed over-ally illustrated with equally traditional South Asian collection, we extractedwhelming sympathy for the Unitedwoodcut drawings. This popular art the Sept. 12 issues from the runs ofStates on the street and in the media.formwhose roots date back to Middle newspapers regularly microfilmed byThey were also faced with unfavorableAge troubadour poetic traditions in the New Delhi office to send to Wash-opinions of American foreign policyEuropeis a barometer of popular ington for possible showing in thein the Middle East, and the cause-national sentiments, often reflecting September 11 exhibit. These includedand-effect link to the attack was oftenportentous world events that capture not only titles from India, Bangladesh,implied if not clearly stated. However,the imagination or move the people, Nepal and Sri Lanka, but also newspa- as representatives of the Library ofsuch as man's first walk on the moon, pers from Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Congress they could turn the focusthe appearance of Halley's comet and Jordan, Pakistan and Thailand. away from the political America to thethe assassination of President Ken- The Cairo office made particularcultural America and the mission ofnedy. Over the years, the Rio office has efforts to collect materials on the attack its national library, which included theacquired for the Library what now must by closely surveying the market incollection and preservation of creativebe one of the most important collections Cairo and by immediately contactingworks for all countries. They empha-of "literatura de cordel" assembled any- its vendors and bibliographic repre-sized the Library's goal to acquirewhere. The World Trade Center trag- sentatives in other countries in thematerials written in the countries them-edy inspired a number of "cordelis- region to remind them of the impor-selves, so that members of Congresstas," the popular poets who keep this tance of collecting everything on theand researchers would have access toancient art form alive in Brazil, and actual attack as well as other pertinentoriginal writings that reflected the cul-these new chapbooks are being added material. Contemporaneous commen- ture and reality of those societies. Suchto the Library's collection. taries in print were collected in serialsworks are essential for informed, bal- The Jakarta office, situated in the and newspapers; monographs fol-anced interpretations. They empha-world's largest Muslim country, con- lowed. Recently, an 11-volume set ofsized the need, now more than ever, forcentrated on collecting print, non-print reproductions of articles from leadingthe Library to acquire local material soand electronic materials from South- newspapers in the Middle East datedthat users would have access to origi-east Asian religious and political fig- Sept. 12-30 was acquired from the Egyp- nal information contained in commer-ures concerning September 11 and its tian media conglomerate Al-Ahram. cial and non-commercial publications.impact both on the region and on Although television broadcasts satu- In Brazil, the terrorist attacks did notAmerica. The office tripled its acquisi- rated the airwaves, none was available have the same impact as they had in thetions of religiously oriented journals. for sale. Efforts continue to identifycountries of Africa, Asia and the MiddlePublications varied from a Cambo- sources of such tapes. East; however, there was also a great out-dian monograph on bin Laden to doc- Field Director Laila Mulgaokar and pouring of compassion and sympathyuments leading up to the July 2002 Mary-Jane Deeb, the Library's Arab from all sectors of society. The munic- continued on page 181

180 Y. INFORMATION BULLETIN 266 O

Reconstructing Afghan Law Law Library Aids in Afghanistan

U.S. State Department officials, working with governmental organization) and the Ameri- local judges in Afghanistan early this year, tried to can Bar Association's Asia Law Initiative to find the country's laws in order to use them in the locate a missing portion of this material that effort to return the rule of law to that beleagueredwas unavailable elsewhere. This effort was nation. When they could not find these legal mate- part of a larger State Department initiative to rials in Afghanistan, the State Department turnedreassemble the laws that were in effect before to the Law Library of Congress and other U.S. law Taliban rule and Soviet occupation, including libraries for assistance. the 1964 constitution, and distribute approximately 1,000 copies to key institutions in The Law Library of Congress has locatedAfghanistan. a unique two-volume English translation The material in the Law Library of Con- of Afghanistan's laws within its collection ofgress has been digitized as part of the Global more than 2.5 million items. Legal Information Network (GUN), a coop- "The effort to reconstruct Afghanistan's erative, not-for-profit federation of govern- laws is an example of the Law Library's dedi- ment agencies or their designees that contrib- cation to supporting the rule of law amongute national legal information to a database nations around the world, and our ability tocontaining statutes, regulations and related provide the necessary support in a timelylegal materials in the vernacular. The data- fashion," said Law Librarian of Congressbase is accessible to member nations. Rubens Medina. The Law Library's collection of Afghani- Under Taliban rule, most of Afghanistan'sstan's laws, including the two-volume Eng- codes and statutory and regulatory sourceslish translation, is accessible in the Law were destroyed. The Law Library of Con-Library Reading Room. Reading Room hours gress, which contains the largest collection ofare 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Monday through Afghanistan's laws in the world, was askedSaturday; the telephone number is (202) by the International Resources Group (a non- 707-5079.

Overseas the Islamic faith, including quickly "cut and continued from page 180 pasted" articles, unattributed and described as "encyclopedias," also came off the presses ASEAN foreign ministerial meeting in Bruneiin India in great numbers. Interest in the where the region's nations agreed to cooper-reprinted books on Afghanistan, on anything ate with the United States in combating ter-on terrorism, and on Islam in general was rorism. Staff attended poetry readings andhigh, and the academic libraries that are cli- book launchings to collect materials by localents of our Cooperative Acquisitions Pro- authors expressing their personal emotionsgram were keenly interested in adding this toward the victims. In addition to sendingmaterial to their collections. materials to the Library and participant To say that the world will never be the libraries, the office scanned items for the Con-same is not an overstatement. This is true of gressional Research Service and other agen-our nation, but also of the many countries cies of the U.S. government and organizedand societies for which we have acquisitions and microfilmed materials to preserve themresponsibility that were affected by the events for future research needs. of September 11. We in the overseas offices, The terrorist attacks in Washington andon a priority basis, compiled what was locally New York and our ensuing military responseavailable on the subject in order to provide a generated a small trend in publishing thatpost-attack record of these events for the use was quickly detected in the overseas offices.of immediate and future researchers. Indian publishers, particularly, were quick to respond to the catapulting of Afghanistan Lygia Ballantyne is the field director of the onto the center stage by reprinting dozens ofLibrary's Overseas Operations Office in New titles on the history, culture and languages Delhi. Laila Mulgaokar (Cairo Field Office), of the country. Books on terrorism and on Pamela Howard-Reguindin (Rio de Janeiro Field Office), James Armstrong (Islamabad Field "Ready to go? Er...don't nod your Office), William Tuchrello (Jakarta Field Office) head...," by KAL (Kevin Kallaugher) for and Paul Steere (Nairobi Field Office) also the Baltimore Sun, 2001 contributed to this report.

SEPTEMBER 2002 207 181 o

na Gaining Geographical Perspective Geography and Map Collections Aid Understanding

By JAMES FLATNESS The Geography and Map Division's (G&M) response to the terrorist attacks of September 11 initially focused on preparing for requests from Congress, federal agencies and the public for up-to-date and accurate geographic information and mapping of countries in the Middle East. A task force representing the division's acquisitions, digital, cataloging, reference and collection management activities was established to review the Library's existing holdings, identify wanted material, and expedite the processing of pertinent cartographic resources. The reference team, in conjunction with the Library's Con- gressional Relations Office, identified a number of maps that were then pulled and kept on-hand for immediate response to congressional inquiries. With the national focus on Afghanistan, Pakistan and their neighbors, the acquisition staff ordered desired materials, primarily from federal mapping agencies. A review of a large collection of maps recently transferred to the Library revealed several hundred sheets of 1:50,000 and 1:100,000 scale topographic map series of Afghanistan, which became the division's primary resource for identifying locations and documenting military events and activities in that country. The staff created new graphic indexes for several map series, Ground Zero aerial imagery from Sept. 15, 2001, and the cataloging team, with some language assistance© 2001 New York State Office for Technology and from the Regional and Cooperative Cataloging Division ofEarthData International Library Services, gave priority to the cataloging and processing of the selected items. In collecting cartographic materials relating to the events With GIS technology, cartographers produced three- of 9/11, G&M is concentrating on documenting the role thatdimensional modeling of destroyed or damaged buildings, maps played in managing the recovery effort. Beyond illus- comparative before and after studies of the site, and maps of trating the landscape of the crash sites, geographic and carto- the environmental quality, changing status of the communi- graphic resources were important emergency managementcation systems, and the damaged infrastructure in the vicin- tools, helping officials evaluate damage, monitor the progressity of Ground Zero. One of the most important GIS tools for of recovery, and provide for the safe deployment of personnel. the recovery effort was New York City's central GIS data- Geographic resources have been described as the "commonbase, NYCMap, a physical base map of the whole city with denominator" for the response and recovery efforts. numerous thematic and cultural data layers registered to it. Traditional surveying and mapping techniques as well asNYCMap provided the common framework for integrating modern electronic and remote sensing technologies werespatial and thematic data. employed by emergency management officials to aid the The Geography and Map Division is pursuing the acquisi- rescue and recovery operations, with the greatest quantitytion of resources that will document the use of these vari- and diversity of cartographic techniques associated withous forms of cartographic presentation at the World Trade the vast devastation at the World Trade Center site. RemoteCenter site as well as at the Pentagon. It is actively seeking sensing and aerial imageryincluding hand-held photo-hard-copy and digital cartographic materials from numer- graphs taken from helicopters, digital orthophotography,ous government agencies, private-sector companies and laser (known as LIDAR) technology with the capability ofacademic institutions that collaborated on the mapping of penetrating through the smoke to produce accurate eleva-the 9/11 events. tion data, and thermal imagery for mapping hot spots in the Government agenciesfederal, state and municipal rubbleprovided accurate and detailed depictions of thetook the lead in the mapping and emergency management changing status of the Ground Zero site. Global Positioningactivities, and they are the primary sources of cartographic System (GPS) technology provided the framework for accu-and spatial materials. The Federal Emergency Manage- rately and expeditiously documenting the location of criticalment Agency (FEMA), the National Oceanic and Atmo- features, items found and dangerous sites in the rubble pile.spheric Administration (NOAA), the Defense Department, And Geographical Information Systems (GIS) provided thethe Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the National framework for integrating, analyzing and displaying a wideAeronautical and Space Administration (NASA), the Envi- variety of spatial data. ronmental Protection Agency (EPA) and U.S. Geological

182 2G 8 INFORMATION BULLETIN , an o

These LIDAR (light detection and ranging) three-dimensional models were made of the World Trade Center site as of July 2001 (left) and Sept. 15, 2001, © 2001 New York State Office for Technology and EarthData International

Survey (USGS) all contributed to the At the municipal level, New Yorkand Mapping Center of the Univer- mapping efforts. A compelling imageCity's Office of Emergency Manage-sity of Florida used laser imagery to taken on Sept. 23, 2001, by NOAAment and the GIS office of the city'sprecisely map the damage done at from 3,300 feet shows the devastationDepartment of Information Technol-both the World Trade Center and the and continuing recovery effort; it is onogy and Communications played key Pentagon. display in the Library's "Witness androles in organizing and coordinating Other sources of mapping included Response" exhibition. the data integration and mappingThe Washington Post. Its cartographic At the state level, the New York Statework of the numerous agencies and staff provided a complete set, on better Office for Technology funded much oforganizations collaborating on the quality paper, of the Post's maps of the the aerial imagery. It has offered torecovery program. Video terminalswar in Afghanistan and the illustra- provide the Library with a completein the exhibition will show a series tions of the 9/11 attacks that appeared record of the data that it gathered overof aerial and remote sensing images,in the newspaper. Laura Kurgan, a the World Trade Center and Fresh Kills models and fly-through visualiza-professor of architecture at Princeton, debris processing sites. tions of the World Trade Center siteprivately produced two editions of a provided by New York'smap titled "Around Ground Zero," Office for Technology. which was designed to orient visitors Government agenciesto the World Trade Center site (and were supported by andwhich will be on view in "Witness and worked jointly with aResponse"). A traveling exhibit of the variety of private-sectormapping created for the World Trade geospatial software andCenter site, called "Charting Ground imagery companies, in-Zero: Before and After," was produced cluding EarthData Inter-by Sean Ahearn, professor at Hunter national,ESRI,Plan-College and originally shown at the Graphics and the MitreWoodward Gallery in New York City. Corporation. AcademicA CD-ROM of that exhibit has been institutions also partici-donated to the Library. pated in the collaborative The efforts of staff in G&M since the mapping effort. In par-events of September 11 have enhanced ticular, the Center for thethe Library's holdings of the cartogra- Analysis and Researchphy of the Middle East and will help of Spatial Information atfuture users and scholars of the map Hunter College in Newcollections understand the critical York City played a keyrole that geospatial resources played role in the application ofin the management of the recovery the NYCMap databaseefforts. Detailed world maps, such as this one ofand the production of Pakistan, are available from the Library'sthematic mapping. TheJames Flatness is a cartographic specialist Web site. Geosensing Engineering in the Geography and Map Division.

SEPTEMBER 2002 .,-.. 209 183 'Always. Ready' The American Fireman as Historic and Cultural Icon BY SARA DUKE

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"Always Ready," 1858, by Louis Maurer (1832-1932), from the Currier & Ives "American BEST COPYAVAILABLE110 Fireman" series of hand-colored lithographs. O

The Library's Prints and Photographsurban centers, and it is they who cre-series called "American Fireman." At Division recently acquired the Currierated much of the heroic imagery thatthe time Maurer created these images, & Ives print titled "American Fireman:surrounds the profession. firefighting was undergoing a major Always Ready" as a gift from Abraham As the image of the selfless Ameri-transition from volunteer companies and Julienne Krasnoff, members of thecan firefighter dominated the media to professional, paid forces. James Madison Council (the Library'sin the weeks and months that fol- Companiesof men organized private sector advisory committee). This lowed the tragic events of Septem-shortly after firefighting equipment acquisition completes the Library's col-ber 11, 2001, the New York Times fea-was introduced in this country in 1731. lection of the four-part series that illus- tured a photograph of a New YorkIn 1737, New York City created a vol- trates the important role played by fire- store front that displayed a copy ofunteer department, the Firemen of the men in society. On display throughthe 1858 Currier & Ives print "Ameri-City of New York. The engines they mid-October in the "American Trea-can Fireman: Always Ready" on Sept.used had pumps, limited only by the sures" exhibition, the print was the sub-23, 2001 (below). With the recentvolunteers' capacity to fill and oper- ject of a Treasure Talk given by Prints acquisition of this original lithograph,ate them. Companies of 30 to 50 men and Photographs Division curator Sarathe Library of Congress completes itsorganized around each pumper which Duke in June. collection of the four-part series bythe city acquired as it grew. artist Louis Maurer. During the mid-19th century, immi- American firemen have been The publishers of the series, Nathan-gration made the populations of viewed as heroic figures from the iel Currier and James Merritt Ives,American cities extremely fluid. For time they organized into volunteerserved as volunteer firemen them-young, healthy men, the firehouse departments in the early 18th cen-selves in New York during the 1850s.was a home. Some companies stocked tury to the paid professionals of today. In 1858, German-born Maurer, whoa library, saloon and furnishings to In the 19th century, many artists andwas working for their popular printcompete with the finest homes in the publishers were volunteer firemen infirm at the time, created the firefightercommunity. Most men ceased to vol-

ST THE NEW YORK TIMES, SUNDAY,SEPTEMBER 23, 2001

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Patriotic displays in stores on Fifth and Madison Avenues gave passersby courage and pride after the windows were stripped of merchandise and filled with tributes and remembrances. Some leading stores that reopened on Sept. 13 blacked out all but their Fifth Avenue win- dews, which were filled with flags. Many European designer stores placed flags In their windows a week later. 1. Sept. 17, 4:15: Ferragomo. 2. Sept. 15, 9:40 p.m.: Bloomingdale's. 3. Sept. 15, 9:20 p.m.: Etre. 4. Sept. 17.4:42 p.m.: Versace. 5. Sept 19, 4:35 p.m.: FendL O. Sept 12,12:20 p.m.: Fortune( f. 7 Sept 131030 a m. Saks Filth Avenue. & Sept. It. 12:40 p.m.: St Regis HoteL 9. Sept. 17,12:20 p.m.: A flag cake at Man- gle, 40 Wall Street . 10. Sept. 19,11:20 a.m.: Columbus Circle Wine& Liquor. II. Sept. 18,4:50 p.m.: Cole Haan.

1R 'I CarriereTeAMV1=0Ives MD=e1- re, 53 East 58th Street 13. Sept 13,10 am.: Bergdorf Goodman. b 14. Sept 17,5:15 p.m.: Harry Winston. 15. Sept. 18, 4 p.m.: Harry Winston, flag moved from roof to balcony. HI Sept 13,9:50 am.: Tiffany & Comps. THESE ny, picture frame draped In black ribbon. COLORS 17. Sept. 17, 4:15 p.m.: Tiffany, new mes- it WON'T sage, same frame. patriotic ribbon. 1&. Sept. 19,5:15 p.m.: Tiffany, message moved to entrance windows as jewelry displays reopened. 19. Sept. 17,3 p.m.: Burberry doorman 19 1 '15 Bill Cunningham, "On the Street," New York Times, Sunday, Sept. 23, 2001, p. 4. Reproduced with permission from The New York Times.

HAMATO SEPTEMBER 2002 211 1:.EST COPY 185 "Firemen at Work, 1733" (from an old fire certificate) in Augustine E. Costello's "Our Firemen. A History of the New York Fire Departments. Volunteer and Paid" (NewYork: Augustine E. Costello, 1887, p. 28) unteer after marriage; women were In "American Fireman: Facing theso popular that Currier & Ives pub- absent not only from the firehouse,Enemy," the fireman stares down thelished two additional scenes after he but also from gatherings of firemen,fire as if he were St. George slayingleft the firm, and then reissued all of emphasizing the fact that firemen the dragon (see p. 187). The firefighterthem in the 1880s, long after the vol- were separate from the rest of Ameri-is pictured atop the fire, having extin-unteer companies ceased to exist. can society. guished it. It illustrates the close prox- In "The Life of a Fireman: The Ruins Firefighting required a fair amountimity to the fire required of firefighters'Take up''Man Your Rope" (see p. of bravado, strength and agility.before the advent of steam-powered188) from the earlier series of prints, Maurer idealized the volunteers, whopumpers. The first pumpers, withMaurer creates a scene of camaraderie were shown as strong types, fearlesstheir short hoses, required volunteersamong the various companies putting of fire. In the first of four printsto work close to the fire. It was dan-out the fire. No rancor on the part of titled "American Fireman: Rushinggerous work, and many were injured rival companies exists. In reality, compe- to the Conflict," the fire chief ges-and killed. tition existed among companies as they tures toward the fire with one hand In the fourth print titled "Americanvied for position in the race to fires. while holding his trumpet in the other. Fireman: Always Ready" (p. 184) which In the picture, firemen are preparing Acquired by the Library as a copyrightwas recently acquired by the Library asto extinguish the fire in what is left of a deposit, the lithograph was printeda gift, the firefighter is shown pullingbuilding. During most of the 19th cen- off-center, and Currier & Ives scoredhis engineer out of the firehouse. Histury, firefighters focused on prevent- through the fireman's face so that theleaning body is central to the image.ing fires from spreading rather than print was not offered for sale. Although his body strains to pull thepreventing the entire destruction of The series continued with "Americanpumper to the fire, there is no evidence a building. Maurer shows the equip- Fireman: Prompt to the Rescue," whichof exertion in his face. ment in detail, including the con- depicts a fireman walking through Maurer worked for Currier & Ivesnections between pumper, hose and flames into a bedroom to rescue afor eight years, during which time hehydrant. Here, men pull against the woman in night clothes who hascreated both the "American Fireman" weight of their equipment, connect fainted. He neither struggles againstseries and four of six works in an ear-lengths of hose, and work to pump the weight of her body nor shows fearlier series titled "The Life of a Fire-water on the fire while a crowd of citi- of the conflagration. man" (1854). The second series proved zens stands by passively. 186 212 INFORMATION BULLETIN Louis Maurer's prints for Currier & Ives idealized the volunteer firefighter. From the "American Fireman" series (1858): "Rushing to the Conflict" (top left); "Prompt to the Rescue" (top right); and "Facing the Enemy." Nathaniel Currier and James Merritt Ives served as volunteer firemen themselves in New York City. Below, detail from "Prompt to the Rescue"

SEPTEMBER 2002 213 187 0

In "Life of a Fireman: The Night Alarm'Start Her Lively Boys'" (right) Maurer depicts Excelsior Company No. 2 of 21 Henry Street, leaving the fire station. At left, Nathaniel Cur- rier runs to join his compatri- ots. Thirteen volunteers move the pumper out of the firehouse in the middle of the night, some dressed in firefighting gear, others in the civilian clothes that they put on when they heeded the alarm. None of Maurer's images within either series depicts steam-powered or horse-driven fire wagons. These were modern conveniences eschewed by the volunteer companies. The steam engine, which required far less manpower than hand pump- ersas well as horses to pull it would bring about the demise of the volunteer companies. Both of the "Life of a Fire-Two more by Louis Maurer, both from 1854: "The Life of a Fireman: The man" lithographs mentionedNight Alarm'Start Her Lively Boys, and "The Life of a Fireman: The above are in the Library's PrintsRuins'Take Up''Man Your Rope"'; a hand-colored Currier & Ives certificate and Photographs collection,of membership in a volunteer fire company from 1877

188 214 INFORMATION BULLETIN OF 4 ro 0

along with the two that were created by other artists after Maurer left Currier & Ives. These include "Life of a Fire- man: The New Era Steam and Muscle," created by Charles Parsons in 1861, and "The Life of a Fireman: The Metropoli- tan System" by John Cam- eron, which completed the series in 1866. This final image in the seriesdepictsfiremen racing on foot to the fire, but the real work appears to be done by new, more powerful,horse-driven steam pumpers, hoses and ladders, which are racing across cobblestone streets. z A ai rz-J ria rs. In the print, fewer people o 6.nipa.ny line the city streets to watch the firefighters than in previous depictions. Presum- 41 ably, a burning building :trt -714)) ar t was less of a spectacle given the advent of superior firefighting forces. While Currier & Ives created lithographic prints of firemen during the decline of the volunteer period, the firm itself was in its heyday. It was America's longest running printing establishment, publishing more than 7,000 images spanning 73 years. Cur- rier, who had trained as a lithographer from the age of 15, struggled as a publisher in New York until he achieved his first financial success in 1840 with a broadside of the sinking of the Lexington. Ives joined Currier as a bookkeeper in 1852. When he became a full partner in 1857, the name wascompany membership for firemen. Theica replaced its volunteer fire depart- changed from N. Currier to Curriercertificate, which the Library acquiredment with a professional, paid force. & Ives. The firm, which specialized inthrough copyright deposit, depictsNevertheless, more than a century handmade, hand-colored prints, pro-hand-drawn pumpers, companies tu-later, the icon of the firefighterideal- duced popular prints until 1907. ning to the fire, and the heroic rescue ofized and fearless, in a world apart In 1877, even after the transition toan infant. still hearkens back to the days of the professional fire departments was com- The urban love affair with volunteervolunteer companies. plete, Currier & Ives drew upon bothfire companies came to an end in the the volunteer images in the "Ameri-1850s, just as Currier & Ives began Sara Duke is assistant curator of popular can Fireman" and "The Life of the Fire-to romanticize it. Between 1853 andand applied graphic art in the Prints and man" series to create a certificate of1866, nearly every major city in Amer- Photographs Division.

BEST COPY AVAILABLE SEPTEMBER 2002 215 189 * 0

The Making of an Unusual Exhibition `Witness and Response' Presents Challenges

BY DEBORAH DURHAM-VICHR it open-ended," said Chambers. "OnceIPO and the Public Service Collections The making of the exhibition "Wit-we began to look at what the collectionDirectorate (PSCD) created for the ness and Response: September 11 areas had and everything we'd like to Library's private sector advisory board, Acquisitions at the Library of Con-do, we couldn't do it the normal way, the James Madison Council, this spring. gress" has its own story. As it turnedwhich is to have a final object listIt featured 9/11 items as well as items out, the "story" was the easy part,as soon as possible. Normally, every-from the past 200 years. The 9/11 mate- said Irene Chambers, head of Interpre-thing depends on the object listtherials were particularly riveting, Cham- tive Programs (IPO), the office charged budget, the design, everythingyoubers said, and at the time an incredible with bringing order and sense to thecan't develop anything else without it.number of items related to September hundreds, if not thousands, of itemsWe told the designer, 'You will have to 11 were coming into the Library's divi- from the Library's resources that areleave some empty space.'" sionsranging from Prints and Pho- reviewed for inclusion in each of its Theexhibitionlayoutchangedtographs, Geography and Map, and many exhibitions. repeatedly as material fell into place.Serial and Government Periodicals "The easiest thing [in "Witness andAs a result, the design and the fabrica-divisions to the overseas offices and the Response"' was the storylinewhich istion of materials converged, occurringAmerican Folklife Center. At the end how the Library acquired the material.at the same time. This was especiallyof June, with the impetus coming from Everything after that was not so easy,"challenging for the IPO productionDiane Kresh, Winston Tabb, associate Chambers said. "Not only was the mate- staff. They had to invent effective wayslibrarian for Library Services, and vari- rial sometimes very graphic and veryof mounting new materials that wereous collection areas, IPO prepared to evocative, but it was also still arriving on safe and secure for the collections, asmount an exhibition to correspond to a daily basis as we assembled the exhi-well as attractive. Simultaneously, theythe one-year anniversary of the attacks. bition," she said. Chambers purposelyhad to choose items, pick up materials,The date gave them less than three allowed pieces to be added until just ado the conservation work, review andmonths to put it all together; the usual few days before opening. measure things for display purposes. lead time for exhibitions can be as "Since we wanted to tell the story The idea for "Witness and Response" much as two years or more. as fully as possible, we had to leavegrew out of a patriotic display that Almost everything about the creation of this exhibit was different from the way her office usually organizes exhibitions, Chambers said. "We didn't want to 'iconicize' the material,to interpret itfor the viewer. Much of it is too raw, too immediate. Rather than handling each item as a dis- crete thing, we are deliberately blurring the lines to allow the viewers to find their own way through the presentation. We leftitstill fresh in its response." There are no individual description labels, no attempt to define in any specific way what a visitoris viewing, except for the separation of "Witness" items from those of "Response." If visitors choose, they can pick up an information sheet with item descriptions. Long walls of images Rachel Evans track the events of the cata- Cheryl Regan and Irene Chambers clysmic day. Seven media sta- examine a special handmade book tions with PowerPoint presen- titled "The Message" that will be on tations, a Web presentation, display in the exhibition. audio and video punctuate Rachel Evans

190 INFORMATION BULLETIN 216 * 0

a S Items from the Library's collections that were scheduled for the "Witness and Response" exhibition included prints, photos, editorial cartoons and periodicals from around the world. the story, and in a way, provide relief from the shocking still-lifes, said Chambers. The material at one of the stationsa compilation of eight clips of footage that will loop continuously in a video kioskcomes from the Motion Picture, Broadcast- ing and Recorded Sound Division. Two of the sequences capture the strike on the second Twin Tower, one taken from across the East River in Brooklyn and the other shot across the street from the building itself. This last piece of film was widely played on newscasts across the country and came to the Library as a copyright deposit. Some artifacts were privy to very few, such as a print- out from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) of the radar contacts of American Airlines Flight 77, as it made a 360-degree turn above Washington, D.C., toward the Pentagon. "You see this tiny, delicate red circle following that path to death and destruction. It's harrowing," Chambers said. Viewers physically move from the actual event to the worldwide reaction. They take part in the aftermath, reading the unprecedented headlines in periodicals from around the world. They share the outpouring of emo- tionsdrawings, poems and caricatures collected from children, well-known artists and ordinary citizensas people tried to make sense of the disasters. An innovative

"Soundscape" in the Orientation Theater on the ground Rachel Evans floor of the Jefferson Building allows visitors to listen to individuals' reactions drawn from hundreds of audio tapes collected shortly after September 11 by the Ameri- can Folk life Center. The exhibition shows other types of responses too. Infrared photos from the Geography and Map Division capture hotspots at the World Trade Center which firefighters used to try and find victims. A cover of an Indian magazine, collected by the Library's overseas field offices, shows the different ways that Osama bin Laden could appear in disguise. Field offices also contributed anti- American posters, documenting another point of view on the disasters. Above all, the exhibition is a penetrating reminder of the Library's multi-faceted role in collecting information and research. One such item on display is a report by the Library's Federal Research Division, commissioned by the National Intelligence Council, stating that suicide bomb- ersand specifically those of Al Qaedacould crash- land an aircraft into the Pentagon, CIA headquarters or the White House. The report is dated 1999. "We're telling the intelligent, inquisitive visitor, 'We're showing you what we have, what we had [before 9/11] and what we're getting, said Chambers. It helps visitors understand the role of the Library and how it builds collections for future use by scholars and researchers. "How could the Library not do this exhibition?" she added. "No other institution has amassed such a record."

Deborah Durham-Vichr is a contract writer/editor in the Public Affairs Office. Rachel Evans

SEPTEMBER 2002 217 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 191 C 1 p *

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Amid destruction, death, and devastation Brotherhood of Terror iracles appeared from everywhere.'

nemies tried in vain to kill our spirit ...

eeling from the blow, we turned to prayer.

mmediately we united with each other, `I'm a Proud American" by Bonnielee Walsh, courtesy of the author; cover of "Al Oaeda: Creating brotherhoo'd throughout our entire land. Brotherhood of Terror" by Paul L. Williams, courtesy of Alpha mericans will never be defeated Books; compact disk "Heal Our Land," with music from otice how our name ends inIIC the Isaacs, the Marlins, and C Fd I September 11, 2001 the Crabb Family, courtesy of n.esdP BM In Cfl Paul L. Williams Daywind Music Publishing / .r. Creative Responses September 11 Materials Registered with Copyright Office

BY RUTH SIEVERS Citizens from around the countryof the anthrax danger on Capitol Hill A service unit of the Library of Congress responded to the tragedy with cre-immediately following the events on since 1870, the Copyright Office serves the ative efforts that stressed brotherhood,September 11. Mail to the Library was Library in a unique way. While it does not unity, faith in God, retribution and anrouted off -site for special screening and specifically collect material for the Library, outpouring of sympathy for the vic-processing; only in late April 2002 did it receives deposits of works sent in as a part tims. Images of American flags werethe office begin receiving any signifi- of the U.S. copyright registration system. often included as a motif in their sub-cant amounts of U.S. postal mail. In addition, U.S. law contains a mandatory missions. Among the published material found deposit provision that requires those who These are typical titles: "For thein the sample week were a soft cover publish copyrightable works in the United Fallen," "Ode to New York City andbook on Al Qaeda, by an FBI con- States to deposit copies with the Copyright Its Bravest," "Drops of Angry Tears,"sultant; professional photographer Jay Office for use by the Library. In 2000, the "I'm Still Crying," "We Are One" and Maisel's "A Tribute," a hardback book office transferred material valued at almost "Nueva York Ya No Es El Mismo," by of beautiful photographs of the Twin $32 million to the Library for its permanent a citizen of El Salvador living in Cali-Towers, all but two taken before their collections. fornia. - demise; a book on "Finding God in Many of those who submitted theirthe Face of Evil," and a special edition Unpublished poetry, music andwork for copyright protection indi-Newsweek, "America Under Attack." lyrics constituted the bulk of thecated that they had written their pieces Published art included designs for material the Copyright Office foundeither on September 11 or very soontee-shirts, paintings that employed the when it asked its catalogers to lookthereafter. Twin Towers and the Statue of Liberty, for material relating to September 11 Joanna Roussis, acting chief of theand a portrait of a live-rescue dog and during a single week in August, almostoffice's Cataloging Division, said thathis owner who volunteered at Ground a year after the terrorist attacks. "these few items were gleaned fromZero. To Jeff Cole, assistant chief inonly one week's work. I would esti- A number of the copyright remitters the Examining Division, that's notmate there are thousands already regis- indicated that a percentage of the sales unusual. "We always see a lot oftered, and they are still coming in. This from their published art and music unpublished songs and poems as aprobably will remain in the Americanwould be donated to victims of Sep- reaction to every big event in the news,"consciousness for all time." tember 11. he said. He remembers that the Gulf The fact that the Copyright Office is War and the American hostage crisis instill cataloging, and actually just open- Ruth Sievers is a writer /editor in the Iran generated similar responses. ing mail, from that time, is a result Copyright Office.

2ndHaOnd 3@CDsh GiaWEI1 hosted byLENTPE] [311{10h

Fig392 &dmiloegn Saturday, October 12 10 a.m.- 5 p.m. trmill[zna

The West Lawn of the U.S. Capitol and the National Mall Mug maim First Street, S.W. Use the Capitol South, Union Station, or Smithsonian Metro

UGIbITIERGIsome of America's best-known authors, illustrators, and storytellers at an exciting festival for book lovers of all ages:

Jimmy Santiago Baca Sebastian Junger David Baldacci David McCullough Andrea Barrett James McPherson Barbara Taylor Bradford Waddie Mitchell Ashley Bryan Edmund Morris Mary Higgins Clark Tim O'Brien Vine Deloria,Jr. Jerry Pinkney and Family Diana Gabaldon Anita Shreve Henry Louis Gates Dava Sobel Tony Hillerman Rosemary Wells and more!

apn°2 O4g bRg For more information, call 888-714-4696, or visit mnwoll©QacpwroaphboiR If you can't join us, watch Book TV on C-Span2 on October 12.

PMEPO0110 The James Madison Council, PBS, and Target

Generous support was also given by the AOL Time Warner Book Group, Barnes and Noble, Borders Books and Music, The Coca-Cola Company, Half Price Books, Adele and Donald Hall, National Basketball Association, Scholastic Inc., and US Airways.

ASL interpreting services provided. All facilities are accessible to the public. Request other ADA accomommodations five business days In advance at 102-707-6361 orADA @loc.gov

BEST COPYAVAILABLE SEPTEMBER 2002 219 193 0 CFB at25 News from the Center for the Book

TI IE CENTER FORME WOK LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Promoting Literacy, 1980-2002

The Center for the Book will be 25 supportits programwould years old in October 2002. This is emphasize combating aliteracy, the ninth in a series of articles that mostly through its own reading summarizes its activities during its motivation campaigns and pro- first quarter century. motion projects. Its support of thefightagainstilliteracy When the Center for the (emphasizing the need to teach Book was established in people to read) would take place 1977 to use the resources and primarily by publicizing and prestige of the Library of Con- cooperating in projects devel- gress to promote books and oped and funded by other orga- reading, "literacy" was not quite nizations in both the private and yet a popular concept or phrase. the public sectors. In July 1980, the center spon-Family literacy consultant Virginia Mathews Thecenter'sinvolvement sored its first major program(center, pictured with two workshop partici-with literacy continued in the that specifically mentioned thepants) has led the center's literacy promotionmid-1980s as it became an asso- topic: a symposium on "Literacyefforts as coordinator of its Library-Head Startciate member of the Coalition in Historical Perspective" fea-project (1992-1997) and its Viburnum Founda-for Literacy (now the National turing papers about the devel-tion Family Literacy project (1998-present). Coalition for Literacy), which opment of literacy in several focused first on the problem of countries. for the Center for the Book came inadult illiteracy and later on broader As literacydefined as the ability Librarian of Congress Daniel J. Boorst-questions of literacy throughout soci- to readincreasingly became a publicin's letter of transmittal and text forety. Additional impetus came during concern, it also became a key topic forthe 50-page "Books in Our Future" the center's 1989 "Year of the Young the Center for the Book. One of thereport to Congress in 1984. Reader" campaign because of new center's major projects, a congressio- In theletterof transmittal hepartnerships with organizations such nally-authorized 1983-1984 study titled explained: "Ours is a Culture of theas the Association of Library Service "Books in Our Future," helped defineBook. Our democracy is built on booksto Children, Reading Is Fundamental how literacy was viewed in Americanand reading. This tradition is nowInc. and Head Start, each concerned society in the mid-1980s. It also estab-threatened by the twin menaces ofwith reading and literacy among lished the Center for the Book's interest illiteracy and aliteracy. ... There couldyoung people and families. in promoting literacy. be no more appropriate effort to ful- Since 1998, the center's major liter- The definition and future challengefill the hopes of our nation's founders,acy effort has been the Center for the nor any more appropriate cele-Book /Viburnum Foundation Family bration of the bicentennial of ourLiteracy Project, which provides for Constitution, than to aim to abol-the planning and promotion of family ish illiteracy in the United Statesliteracy programs among rural public by 1989." Boorstin's text made alibraries and their community part- significant distinction: "We mustners. The center administers the proj- face and defeat the twin men-ect and organizes and conducts two aces of illiteracy and aliteracytraining workshops each year for new the inability to read and the lackparticipants. Since 1998, thanks to the of the will to readif our citizensgenerosity of the Viburnum Founda- are to remain free and qualified tion, more than 175 small public librar- to govern themselves." ies have received $3,000 family liter- Soon thereafter the center'sacy grants. National Advisory Board agreed The center's literacy promotion proj- that the Center for the Bookaects and publications related to those small,catalyticorganizationprojects are described on the center's dependent on private funds to Web site: www.loc.gov/cfbook.

Funded by the U.S. Head Start Bureau, the center's Library-Head Start project focused on developing community partnerships to promote literacy among young children. Two products were

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194 INFORMATION BULLETIN 220 *

Literacy Promotion Highlights July 14-15, 1980."Literacy in Historical Perspective," a conference hosted by the center in cooperation with the U.S. National Insti- tute of Education, emphasizes how historical research about literacy can help contemporary policymakers. 1989.The "Year of the Young Reader" promotion campaign, aided by a presidential proclamation and thout the efforts of honorary chair first lady Barbara Bush, enlists several dozen literacy and reading promotion organizations as Center for the Book national reading promotion partners. May 1992.An interagency agreement between the Center for the Book and the Head Start Bureau of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services launches the five- year Library-Head Start Partnership Project. Its goal is to demonstrate in

communities across the country how Fern Underdue libraries that serve young children canScott Walter of the International Reading Association shows off a poster plan and work with Head Start grant-developed by members of the International Literacy Coalition to celebrate ees and classroom teachers, families, International Literacy Day at an all-day program at the Library in September and caregivers in children's literacy2000; consultant Gail Spangenberg prepared the report that was discussed and language development projects. at the center's symposium on adult literacy in January 1997; historian Daniel 1994.The Association of YouthResnick organized the center's first program on literacy, in July 1980. Museums joins the project, and it is renamed the Library-Museum- Head Start Partnership Project. 1996.With funding from several sources, the Center for the Book publishes "Even Anchors Need Life- lines: Public Libraries in Adult Liter- acy," a 144-page report by consultant Gail Spangenberg that it commissioned in 1995. The report, which urges the strengthening of adult literacy programs in public libraries, is supplemented by a 321-page data book. Sept. 8, 2000.With support from its organizational partners in the newly-formed International Literacy Network, the center hosts a daylong public program at the Library of Con- Center for the Book/ViburnumFoundation Family Literacy gress that celebrates International Workshops, 1998-2002 Literacy Day. The audience includes 1998 2001 preschoolers, the general public, and Sept. 9-10, Jackson, Miss. Aug. 22-24, Montgomery, Ala. reading and literacy professionals. Sept. 16-17, Albuquerque, N.M. Sept. 12-14, Albuquerque, N.M. Sept. 8, 2001.Sixty of the Center for the Book's reading and literacy 1999 2002 promotion partners promote their Aug. 19-20, Austin, Texas Aug. 14-16, Columbia, S.C. projects to the public in a special Aug. 26-27, Baton Rogue, La. Sept. 25-27, Scottsdale, Ariz. pavilion at the first National Book, 2000 2003 Festival, hosted by first lady Laura Aug. 24-25, Decatur, Ga. Aug. 14-16, Little Rock, Ark. Bush and sponsored by the Library Sept. 21-22, Oklahoma City, Okla. Sept., Austin, Texas (date TBD) of Congress. 221 SEPTEMBER 2002 195 BEST COPY MIAMI F THE LIBRARY OF 101CONGRESS INDEPENDENCE AVE.PUBLIC S.E. AFFAIRS OFFICE PRESORTEDLIBRARYPOSTAGE OF STANDARD CONGRESS & FEES PAID PENALTY FORWASHINGTON, PRIVATE USE $300 DC 20540-1610 OFFICIAL BUSINESS DATED MATERIAL WASHINGTON,PERMIT DC No. G-103 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS INFORMATIONIf you wish to beBULLETIN removed from the mailing list ISSN 0041-7904 address.theaddressforto thisBulletin, the publication labelabove pleaseand address. return. checkaddress If To herechange yourrequest inquiresis missingrequired to issue(s)theenter above on of and return this page i

The LIBRARY of CONGRESS In ormation eti EST COPYAVAIIIABLE Vol 61, No 10 Octobe The LIBRARY of CONGRESS 0 Information z SS Bulletin JAMES H. BILLINGTON Vol. 61, No. 10 October 2002 Librarian of Congress

On the Cover:Katherine Dunham from a production with her company at the Broadway Theatre, New York, ca. 1955. Photo from the New York World-Telegram & Sun Collection, Prints and Photographs Division. Cover Stories:A grant from the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation is allowing the Library to support the legacy of dance innovator Katherine Dunham. 199 Mapping Native Lands:Librarians from tribal colleges are working with the Library to map Native American lands. 204 The Children's Hour:A new exhibition and book from the Library presents images of childhood from around the world. 206 Scholars Assembled:The John W. Kluge Center has welcomed a 206distinguished group of scholars to the Library. 210 Ambassadors of Progress:The portrait and landscape work of early American women photographers is documented in a new traveling exhibition and book. 212 Chronicle of a Chamber:Robert Remini will research and write a history of the U.S. House of Representatives. 217 Documenting the Everyday:The Library has acquired the Prelinger Collection of more than 48,000 historical "ephemeral" motion pictures. 218 Science, Technology and History:The Library has made available 213thousands of reports in the PB (Publication Board) series, which chronicles scientific and technical information collected by the government since 1945. 220 Books and "Dooks":The National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped and the Industrial Designers Society of America sponsored a contest to design a new digital talking book player. 223 Open World Opens Doors:A delegation of Russian women leaders visited the United States recently through the efforts of the Library's Center for Russian Leadership Development. 226 From a Distance:"The Earth as Art" exhibition includes images 218of the world from a satellite's perspective. 228 News from the Center for the Book 230

The Library of Congress Information Bulletin (ISSN 0041-7904) is issued 11 times a year by the Public Affairs Office of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in the United States. It is also available on the World Wide Web at www.loc.gov /today. Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive the Bulletin on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library's Director for Acquisitions and Support Services, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. All other correspondence should be addressed to the Information Bulletin, Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-1610, e-mail [email protected]. HELEN DALRYMPLE, Editor SAMUEL L. MCLEMORE JR. & JOHN H. SAYERS, Designers 228 AUDREY FISCHER, Assignment Editor

! ,) is;t. 4 4; ST Collecting a Career The Katherine Dunham Legacy Project

By VICKY J. RISNER In the last 15 years, the Library of Congress has become increasingly involved in documenting the efforts of innovators in the field of dance and collecting dance-related materials. Among these are the Bob FosselGwen Verdon Collection, the Lester Horton Dance Theatre Collection, the Erick Hawkins Archives and the Martha Graham Collection. A grant from the Doris Duke Charitable Founda- tion is allowing the Library to provide important leadership in supporting the Katherine Dunham legacy and to preserve an important dance collection based on her work. In December 2000, the Library's Music Division was awarded a grant for $1 million from the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation to undertake the Katherine Dunham Legacy Project. The purpose of the project was to purchase the Katherine Dunham archives; pre- \ serve materials that document and augment the Dunham legacy; expand educational programs; and to provide support for the Dunham Cen- ters in East St. Louis, Ill. Many of the project's goals have already been realized, and exciting new treasures are being discovered almost daily in the collection as work continues on several fronts. The Katherine Dunham Collection has been created at the Library of Congress through the purchase of significant portions of Dunham's archives housed at the Katherine Dunham Centers in East St. Louis, Ill. The final ship- ment of materials from East St. Louis arrived at the Library in mid-June, and preservation reformatting on the rare videotapes and films is already underway. With the acquisition of this collection, the Library has become a premiere source of information on Dunham's legacya legacy that encompasses choreographic works, technique and teaching, performance and production, anthropological analysis of the dance and ritual of the African diaspora, global activism and leadership in human rights, and advocacy in the local African American community. Gathering these materials into an international repository and making them accessible will greatly facilitate research on Dunham and the significance of her work. Many of these materials were in danger of being lost through damage and deterioration. Funding for the much-needed preservation of the costume and audio-visual materials was_provided to the Dunham Centers through the Dance Heritage Coalition as part of its "Save America's Treasures" project with matching funds from the Library's Duke grant.

Alfredo Valente ."'al;;I-cerina Dunham in "Tropical Revue" (1943), at NewYork's Martin :Deck Theatre. Photo from the New York World-Telegram & Sun Collection, Prints and Photographs Division

199 225 O

The Doris Duke Charitable Foundation The grant to support the Katherine Dunham Legacy Project is the second the Library has received from the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation. The foundation gave the Library a $1 million grant as a "Gift to the Nation" in honor of the Library's Bicentennial in 2000 to purchase the Martha Graham archives, support performances of the Martha Graham Dance Company and document Graham works. Doris Duke, a lifelong philanthropist, distributed some $400 million, often anonymously, to a variety of charitable causes. When she died in 1993, she left her fortune, including her properties, to the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation. The mission of the foundation, which was established in 1996, is to improve the quality of people's lives by nurturing the arts, protecting and restoring the environment, seeking cures for diseases and helping to protect children from abuse and neglect. With approximately $1.4 billion in assets, the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation is among the largest philanthro- pies in the United States. As of Dec. 31, 2001, the foundation had awarded more than $286 million in grants. Alfredo Valente Katherine Dunham (above and below center) in Additional information can be found on the founda- costume for two unidentified productions, 1945 tion's Web site at www.ddcf.org.

The preservation effort includes documentation of theship about Dunham, the Dunham Legacy Project, in part- Dunham technique, using the latest digital video tech-nership with the Society of Dance History Scholars, is sup- nology. The documentation project design builds on theporting the publication of a new edition of the Dunham groundbreaking processes and models that were devel-anthology, "Kaiso," edited by noted Dunham scholar Ve oped and used by the Library during the recently com-Ve Clark. pleted Martha Graham legacy project. Terry Carter, a well- Another goal of the projectsupport for the Dunham known documentary filmmaker whose work includes "ACenters in East St. Louishas been addressed by pro- Duke Named Ellington" produced viding funding for core activi- for the PBS series "American Mas- ties of the Dunham Centers for ters," was selected as the Dunham Arts and Culture, including the documentary's producer/director. Dunham Dynamic Museum, (This author served as executive the Institute for Intercultural producer.) Most of the taping took _ Communication and the Kath- place last fall in New York City, and erine Dunham Museum's Chil- the video has been in production dren's Workshop. This year since that time. Dunham has been the grant also provided nearly consulting on the technique project $100,000forsalariesand and will oversee additional filming $50,000 for artists and teachers and final editing later this year for a summer technique semi- The video documentary will be nar held July 6-21 in East St. used as primary source material for Louis. a Dunham Web site to be created The Dunham Legacy Project by the Library of Congress. The will continue through next year, Web site will place portions of the during which time the video Dunham Collection online, as well documentarywillbe com- as several previously unpublished pleted, the Web site will be articles about her work. Such a site launched and the collection will will increase the study and appre- be cataloged and preserved. ciation of Dunham's major contributions to American art and Vicky J. Risner is the dance culture. To further advance scholar- specialist in the Music Division.

200 INFORMATION BULLETIN .`

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By VICKY J. RISNER anthropology as her course of study. A group of Katherine Dunham danc- lthough long recognized as a majorThe union of dance and anthropologyers shown in mid-rehearsal of the Aforce in American dance, Kather-would have a profound impact on herclassical ballet,"Mozart's Sonata in ine Dunham is less a household namechoreographic style throughout herD Major," in New York, 1946 than some of her contemporaries such career. as Martha Graham or George Bal- Mrs. Alfred Rosenwald of the Rosen- Dunham's original goal was to ana- anchine. Nonetheless, her creativewald Foundation attended one of Dun- lyze the dances of the Caribbean, but she influence is just as profound. In addi-ham's dance concerts (some say at thesoon recognized that it was much too tion to her theatrical career, Dunhamurging of Erich Fromm, a friend and extensive a task for one trip. Her revised did pioneering work in the field ofmentor of Dunham at the University ofagenda included a stop in Jamaica to dance anthropology and founded aChicago) and became fascinated with study a Maroon village, which resulted school that embodied "multicultural" the young dancer's ideas about dancein her first book, "Journey to Accom- principles decades before the term wasand its potential for understandingpong." This was followed by visits to used in the field of education. other cultures. As a result, Dunhamseveral other islands before her arrival Born in 1909 in Chicago, Katherinewas awarded a Rosenwald Foundationin Haiti where she stayed for nine Dunham is an American dancer-chore- Fellowship in 1935 to study the dancemonths. Her work in Haiti resulted ographer who is best known for incor-forms of the Caribbean under the aegisin her thesis, "The Dances of Haiti," and porating African American, Caribbean, of the University of Chicago's anthro-another book, "Island Possessed." These African and South American move-pology department and Melville J. Her-pioneering dance/anthropology works ment styles and themes into her bal-skovits, a professor at Northwesternwere significant first steps toward the lets. As a young dancer and student atUniversity. Thus began Dunham's his-now recognized subdiscipline of dance the University of Chicago, she chose toric journey in American dance. anthropology. But of even more sig-

OCTOBER 2002 201 13EST COPY HAMALE 22/ a nificance was the effect Dunham's field work had on her own artistic development. -lata r During her time in Haiti, Dunham came toAI* understandboth intellectually and kines- 4;e5":11( theticallythe African roots of black dance in the West Indies. From this "physical" 14)(041 understanding of what she considered her cultural roots, Dunham began to develop the first African American concert dance technique. Upon her return to the United States, Dunham went to New York to perform and choreograph this new type of African 0S_ American dance. To do so meant leaving the academic arena behind; still, she continued to approach her choreographic work from the perspective of an anthropologist. Dunham's choreographic approach was I to select certain movement motifs and then adapt, expand and abstract them until they became her own artistic statement. Dunham also applied the same methods to the subject of her dances. Although she might glean an idea from a specific ritual event, she always Terence Spencer retained an attachment to the original cul-Dunham (right) talks with aNigerian chief and his wife during a tural context from which the movement ortalent scouting trip in 1962. idea sprang. This process resulted in an extremely theatrical production, yet one that maintained a link In the mid-1940s, Dunham returned to New York and to ritually-charged cultural events. This link to ritual was mostopened the Dunham School of Dance and Theatre, the likely part of what made the dances so moving to audiences. first of many Dunham schools. In 1947, the school was Dunham's choreography and performing company wereexpanded and renamed the Katherine Dunham School extremely well-received in New York. Her success led toof Cultural Arts Inc. The school's interdisciplinary cur- more diverse opportunities, including Broadway perfor-riculum was considered radical at the time and remains mances, feature films, choreography, and national and inter-unique today. The following list of courses taught at the national tours presented by Sol Hurok (a leading theatricalschool is clearly a curriculum developed by an anthropol- impresario of the period). ogist: general anthropology, introductory psychology, scientific method and logic, ballet, modern dance, dance notation, history of drama and Carib- bean folklore. Dunham continued to tour extensively from the late 1940s through the early 1960s. She choreographed for film and television and opened schools in Paris, Stockholm and Rome. She then returned to Haiti to live, research and write. In 1964, she became an artist-in-residence at Southern Illinois University where \ she subsequently became professor and director of the Performing Arts Training Center. In 1983, she was a recipient of the Kennedy Center Honors, and in 2000, she was named one of the "First 100 of America's Irreplaceable Dance Treasures" by the Dance Heritage Coali- tion. She has continued to teach the Dunham technique to young dancers at the Dunham Centers in East St. Louis, Ill., where she brings an awareness of Carribean and African art to area residents. continued on page 204 Dunham posing while dressed for the dance revue "Bamboche!" at New York's 54th Street Theater, ca. 1955

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Dunham did what everyartist dreams ofshe created a new art form. Drawing upon her early field work, she refined her methodology through years of performing and choreograph- ing, and ultimately produced a product: African American dance. She has transmitted both a technique and a body of knowledge to succeeding generations of dance students. When asked how she would describe the significance of her work, Dunham said, "It has always seemed to me that in the final analysis it is not the investigation and recording of field material that is important, but rather some practical, tangible evidence of its use and translation." That tangible evidence is apparent in Dunham's work and in the work of her students.

Phyllis Twachanan Vicky J. Risner is the dance specialist in the Katherine Dunham in costume, ca. 1955 Music Division.

Tribal College Librarians Build Map Database

BY RACHEL EVANS the database. "Their perspec- Twoo tribal college librarians on ative when viewing the maps visit to the Library of Con- added value to the project," gress this past July uncovered manysaid Morris. surprises in the Library's map collec- "We worked well together," tions. They volunteered as part of aadded Ristau, who, along with nationwide effort to produce a compre-Chester, was astonished at what hensive database of all Native Americanthey found in the Library's map lands throughout the United States. collections. Greg Chester, library director for While helping to create a Leech Lake Tribal College in Cass Lake, checklist of cartographic Minn., and Holly Ristau, archivist and resources forthe study of librarian at White Earth Tribal andNative Americans, the Minne- Community College and district librar-sota librarians found a map ian in Mahnomen, Minn., spent threethat depicted a canal in Min- weeks this summer working with thenesota that was never con- collections of the Library's Geographystructed. Chester also discov- Rachel Evans and Map Division (G&M). ered a period of 40 years,College librarians Greg Chester and Holly Last year, Chester and Ristau tookbeginning in the early 1900s,Ristau worked with Geography and Map a tour of G&M when they visited thewhen then-existing reserva-specialist Robert Morris (center) on the Library along with other members oftions did not appear on anyNative American map database. the Tribal College Librarian Associa-maps. tion. Robert Morris, a technical infor- "Finding information and details This is the program's first year but, mation specialist in G&M, and Pamthat we could share with the studentsgiven its success, it may be continued. Van Ee, a specialist in cartographic his-and community was my favorite part of "We are hoping that in the future tory, suggested that the two volunteerthe experience," said Chester. "The art- other librarians will come to G&M and in G&M as a follow-up to their visit. istry of many of the maps is just beau-widen the scope of the database," said During their stay this summer, Ches- tiful," said Ristau. Both were enthu-Van Ee. ter and Ristau reviewed more thansiastic about being able to take some 1,000 pieces of Minnesota cartographicduplicate (surplus) material back toRachel Evans was an intern in the Public materials and entered 395 items intoMinnesota to share with their colleges. Affairs Office.

204 INFORMATION BULLETIN 2001 Annual Report Report Highlights First National Book Festival

The "Annual Report of the ing a Digital Talking Book to Librarian of Congress for replace obsolete analog play- 2001" is now available to theANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN OF CONGRESS back equipment (see p. 223 public. The report, for the of this issue). At year's end, fiscal year ending Sept. 30, more than 1,600 users were 2001, describes the Library's registered for the new Inter- activities in Washington, D.C., net service known as Web- and in national and interna- Braille, which allows access tional outreach programs. to more than 3,800 digital Featured in this year's braille books. reportistheinaugural During the year, the size of National Book Festival, spon- the Library's collections grew sored by the Library and to more than 124 million items, hosted by first lady Laura including 28.2 million books Bush. On Sept. 8, 2001, a per- and other print materials, 55 fect, sunny, early fall day, the million manuscripts, 13.5 mil- Library welcomed Bush, 60 lion visual materials, 13 mil- authors and 30,000 visitors to lion microfilms, nearly 5 mil- the Library and the grounds lion maps and 5 million items of the U.S. Capitol for the in the music collection. first National Book Festival Congress appropriated to celebrate books and read- nearly$100millionto ing. The festival is described develop and implement a in the report and illustrated congressionallyapproved with a picture portfolio high- strategic plan for the preser- lighting the day's events. vation of the Library's digital The Library responded to assets. The Librarian of Con- the tragic events of Septem- gress subsequently estab- ber 11 by increasing physical lished the position of asso- and computer security, pro- ciate librarian for strategic viding Congress with timely initiatives to develop a full information on terrorism and relatedglobes, rare books, foreign rarities,range of digital policies and opera- topics, and by launching several proj-and performing and visual arts collections for acquiring, describing and ects to collect and preserve materials intions. A very generous gift of $60 mil- preserving content created and dis- all formats that document the attackslion from John W. Kluge, Metrome-tributed in electronic form. and the nation's response to them. Thedia president and founding chair of At year's end, 7.5 million Amer- material is the subject of a Librarythe Madison Council, supported theican historical items were available exhibition on display through Nov. 2establishment of the John W. Kluge on the Library's award-winning Web in the North Gallery of the ThomasCenterforpostdoctoralresearch,site, www.loc.gov. Work continued to Jefferson Building's Great Hall andwhich opened to scholars in July 2002 expand the content and features of was the focus of the September 2002(see July /August Bulletin, p. 132). another Library Web site called Amer- issue of this publication. The year marked the 30th anniver-ica's Library, which focuses on chil- The Library's yearlong bicentennialsary of the Cataloging in Publication dren and families; its many interac- celebration concluded with symposia, (CIP) program and the 70th year of the tive Web pages draw on the Library's concerts and other activities that cul-National Library Services for the Blind vastonlineresources.Thesite minated with the sealing of a timeand Physically Handicapped (NLS). (www.americaslibrary.gov) received capsule. The Bicentennial Gifts to theSince its inception, the CIP programmore than 100 million "hits" during Nation program, which allowed thehas produced more than one millionits first year of operation. Library to acquire many significantrecords. Established by an act of Con- These and otheractivitiesare items and collections, resulted in 392gress in 1931, NLS now supplies moredescribed in the 2001 report. The gifts totaling $119.5 million. Throughthan 23 million braille and recorded262-page paperbound publication is the generosity of the Library's privatedisks to hundreds of thousands ofavailable from the Superintendent of sector support group, the James Madi-readers through a network of 140Documents, P.O. Box 371954, Pitts- son Council, and contributions fromcooperating libraries around the coun-burgh, PA 15250-7954, for $37. Cite other donors, the Library receivedtry. During the year, NLS made sub-stock number 030-000-00289-0 when gifts of Americana, maps, atlases, stantial progress in its goal of develop-ordering.

OCTOBER 2002 205 2 31 `When They Were Young' Visual Retrospective of Childhood in Book, Exhibition

Cfompelling images of children from items," said Librarian of Congress Jamesa photo in 1953; and Tad Lincoln, son V....all over the world, spanning theH. Billington. "Each image reveals aof Abraham Lincoln, wears a Union history of photography from daguerre-component of the experience of child-soldier's uniform for the Civil War- otype to documentary, are the subjecthood and invites us to see the surround- era camera. In these images and many of the Library of Congress' exhibitioning world through the eyes of a child." others of children from Alaska to titled "When They Were Young: A Pho- The book and exhibition examineTurkey, eyes reveal the gravity of tographic Retrospective of Childhood,"the experience of childhood connectedchildhood, the anticipation of growing now on view at the Library's Thomasacross time, different cultures, andup and the power of play, such as the Jefferson Building. The exhibition marksdiverse socioeconomic backgrounds.photo by Carl Mydans of boys play- the publication of a companion bookThe book's poignant narrative writtening cards near Washington's Union published by the Library of Congress in by Pulitzer Prize-winning author andStation in 1935. Coles' accompanying association with Ka les Press. The exhi- child psychologist Robert Coles is awords ring true that, "...we quickly bition is also available on the Library's tribute to the hope and despair, gracebecome as attentive as the youngsters Web site at www.loc.gov/exhibits. and indignity, and playfulness andattending ever so watchfully their "We are pleased to present this col-burden of childhood. cards." lection of touching and timeless images Nubian children romp in the rapids of children from the Library's unparal-of the Nile at the turn of the last cen-"Ballet School for Baby Ballerinas," leled collection of more than 125 million tury; Amish children pose stoically for Madison, Wis., 1955 (above)

206 INFORMATION BULLETIN a 0

The images also document the history of photography, as different techniques spanning more than 100 years are represented, including daguerreotypes from the 19th century, gum bichromate prints from the turn of the last century, and gelatin silver prints dating from 1891 to 1968. The photographs are drawn from the peer- less collection of the Library's Prints and Photographs Division and includes prints by Edward Steichen, one of the most influential and prominent figures in 20th-century photography; celebrated photographer of native peoples Edward Curtis; Toni Frissell, whose distinguished career spanned 40 years and included formal and informal portraits of the famous and powerful in the United States and Europe; Lewis Hine, who documented working and living conditions of children in the United States between 1908 and 1921; noted folklorist Alan Lomax; and photographs taken in Europe during WWII. There are also photographs from the Jack Delano Library's Farm Security Administration-"Daughter of a Farm Laborer," 1941, Caguas, Puerto Rico; Office of War Information Collection (FSA-"Two Children on Step," ca. 1909-32, National Photo Company OWI) in which works by well-known pho-Collection tographers Jack Delano, Mary Post Wollcott, Russell Lee, Carl Mydans, John Vanchon, Gordon Parks, and Dorothea Lange appear. Comprising more than 165,000 photographs, the collection is an extensive pictorial record of American life between 1935 and 1944 and is considered a landmark in the history of documentary photography. Robert Coles is a world-renowned child psychiatrist and best-selling author. He has published more than 1,400 articles and 60 books, including the five-volume "Children of Crisis," "The Spiritual Life of Children," and 'The Moral Intelligence of Children." He was the recipient of the Pulitzer Prize (1973), the Presidential Medal of Freedom (1998) and the American Psychiatric Association Dis- tinguished Service Award (2000). He is currently a research psychiatrist for the Harvard University Health Services and professor of psychiatry and medical humanities at the Harvard Medical School. "When They Were Young: A Photographic Retrospective of Childhood from the Library of Congress," a 160-page hardcover book with 78 full-page, tritone photographs, is available for $39.95 in bookstores nationwide and the Library's Sales Shop, telephone 888-682-3557. The related exhibition, featuring 68 photos selected from the Library of Congress' Prints and Photographs Division, opened Sept. 26 in the South Gallery of the Library's Thomas Jefferson Building and can be seen Monday- Saturday from 10 a.m. to 5:30 p.m., through March 22, 2003. photos continue on page 208

OCTOBER 2002 207 233 a/

Gordon Parks "Children, Frederick Douglass Housing Project," 1942, Washington, D.C. (clockwise from above); "Five Amish Children," ca. 1953; "Boys Playing with Toy Swords," ca. 1930-40, Harlem, N.Y.; "Tlakluit Child," ca. 1910

Aaron Siskind

"Boy with Shadow," ca. 1950-1960, photograph by Toni Frissell (opposite)

ward S. Corns

208 INFORMATION BULLETIN ,'it/ " fi A ,

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ot A Meeting of the Minds Kluge Center Welcomes New Scholars

BY ROBERT SALADINI information policy and use. She is the 1476-1557 and Earlier English Renais- s fall, the John W. Kluge Center informer president of the American Soci- sance Poetry." This study builds on the the Thomas Jefferson Building wel-ety for Information Science and Tech- interdisciplinary and theoretical conclu- comes a distinguished group of newnology and the Association for Library sions of her first book, "Canon, Period, scholars to the Library of Congress.and Information Science Education. A and the Poetry of Charles of Orleans: They come to the Library to fill a vari- former member of the U.S. AdvisoryFound in Translation" (University of ety of research positions: Kluge ChairCouncil on the National Information Michigan Press, 2000). holders; other established chairs; dis-Infrastructure, Carbo served as a U.S. tinguished visiting scholars; Klugerepresentative to the G-7 Round Table Kluge Fellow Amy C. Crumpton postdoctoral fellows; and postdoctoralof Business Leaders at the G-7 Informa- At the Kluge Center, Crumpton will fellows supported by other privatetion Society Conference in 1995 in Brus- be pursuing research on "Barry Com- foundation gifts, as well as indepen- sels. Carbo has also served as executive moner and Margaret Mead (1958-1968): dent researchers. Through the Klugedirector of the U.S. National Commis-Relations Between Science, Democratic Center, the incoming scholars will con-sion on Libraries and Information Sci-Organization, and Social Change." A duct research on formalized topics inence. Carbo recently resigned as deanresearch archivist at the American Asso- the Library's comprehensive collectionsof the School of Information Sciences atciation for the Advancement of Science for a period of up to one year. the University of Pittsburgh in orderhere in Washington, Crumpton received The scholars in residence at the Klugeto return to teaching and research. At her doctorate from Virginia Tech in 1999. Center beginning this fall are Mikhailthe Library of Congress she will focusShe will work with the Barry Com- A. Alexseev, Toni Carbo, Michael G. on "Information Policies Concerningmoner and Margaret Mead Collections, Chang, Anne E. B. Coldiron, Amy C. E-government in the United States andboth of which are located in the Manu- Crumpton, Armenuhi Ghambaryan,the European Union." script Division. Ivan Katchanovski, Marek Kwiek, Library of Congress Fellow in International Research and Gerardo Leibner, Kathleen Lynch, Chidi- Exchanges Board (IREX) Regional bere Nwaubani, Walid Saleh, Iulia International Studies Michael G. Chang Chang is assistant professor of Chi-Scholar Exchange Program D. Shevchenko, &las Szelenyi, Elvira Fellowship Armenuhi Ghambaryan Vilches and Andrei Znamenski. Details nese history at George Mason Univer- sity. In 2001, Chang received his doctor- As recipient of an IREX Fellowship, on their backgrounds and areas of Ghambaryan will be researching "The research follow. ate in East Asian (Chinese) history from the University of California-San Diego. Policy of the USA Regarding the Arme- Kluge Fellow Mikhail A. Alexseev His article "The Good, the Bad, and thenian Case (1918-1923)." Ghambaryan is "The Origins of Hostility: Migration, Beautiful: Movie Actresses and Public a scientific worker at the Institute of His- Insecurity, and Ethnic Prejudice at theDiscourse in Shanghai, 1920s-1930s" tory of the National Academy of Sciences Russia-China Border" is the chosenwas published in "Cinema and Urbanof the Republic of Armenia and senior research topic of Kluge Fellow Alex- Culture in Shanghai, 1922-1943" in 1999. lecturer at the "David Anhalcht" Human- seev. He is associate professor in theUsing the Library's vast holdings ofities University in Yerevan, Armenia. political science department at SanChinese local gazetteers ("fangzhi") Kluge Fellow Ivan Katchanovski Diego State University. The authorand genealogies ("jiapu"), Chang has A native of Ukraine, Katchanovski of "Center-Periphery Conflict in Post-selected "Local Perspectives on thereceived his doctorate in public policy Soviet Russia: A Federation Imperiled" Southern Tours: State-Society Relations from George Mason University in 2001. (St. Martin's Press/Macmillan, 1999), in Eighteenth Century China" as hisUsing the Library's significant Russian he received his doctorate from the Uni- area of research. and Polish collections as well as other versity of Washington in 1996. Alex- archival and published materials, Katch- seev hopes to make extensive use of Kluge Fellow Anne E. B. Coldiron Assistant professor in English andanovski hopes to examine the mecha- the resources of both the European and nism of the Great Terror in the Soviet Asian division reading rooms, as well as faculty member in comparative literature at Louisiana State University inUnion during the 1930s. His topic of the Main Reading Room, in the course research at the Library is titled "Soviet of his research. Baton Rouge, Coldiron received her master's from Old Dominion Univer-Prisoner's Dilemma: The Politics of Madison Council Fellow in Library and sity and her doctorate in English liter-Mass Terror." Information ScienceToni Carbo ature (specializing in the Renaissance Kluge Fellow Marek Kwiek Carbo, who received her doctorateperiod) from the University of Virginia Kwiek will be studying "The Rein- from Drexel University, has spent manyin 1996. She will be using the resourcesvention of the Institution of the Uni- years in the information field. Herof the European Division and the Rareversity in the Global Age." In 1995, he work includes extensive experienceBook and Special Collections Division'sreceived his doctorate from the Adam with information service producers andLessing J. Rosenwald Collection toMickiewicz University in Poznan, users (both libraries and database pro- research her topic, "Between Caxton andPoland, where he is a professor in the ducers) and in research in the areas ofTottel: Verse Translation from Frenchphilosophy department. In 1999, he

210 INFORMATION BULLETIN Second Kissinger Chair Appointed Kaus W. Larres has been selected by Librar- was the recipient of an International Library of Congress Rockefeller an of Congress James H. Billington as the OSI Policy Fellowship from the Cen- Humanities Fellow in Islamic new Henry Alfred Kissinger Scholar, based on tral European University in Budapest Studies Walid Saleh the recommendation of a four-person selection to work on a research project titled Saleh will be examining "A His- committee consisting of members of the aca- "The Identity Crisis of the Institu- tory of Islamic Apocalyptic Imagi- demic community and high-ranking foreign tion of the UniversityPolish Highernation." Assistant professor at Mid- policy experts. The second person to hold the Education in Transition." Kwiek has dlebury College when he applied Kissinger Chair, Larres has chosen 'The United since broadened his interest in the for the fellowship, Saleh has recently States and the 'Unity of Europe': A Comparative role of the university in the post- moved to the University of Toronto. Analysis of American Policy-Making and Euro- modern age, and he believes that theSaleh, who received a doctorate in pean Integration in the Post-1945 and Post-1990 Library is the only place in the world Islamic studies from Yale Univer- Eras" as his area of research. where he can find all of the materials sity in 2001, believes that without an Larres is the Jean Monnet Professor at the that he needs in one place. understanding of the relationship School of Politics, Queen's University of Belfast; between Sunnism and apocalypti- Kluge Fellow Gerardo Leibner he earned his doctorate from the University of cism, any attempt at understanding Cologne in 1992. He is the author of numerous Leibner plans to use the Library's the world of Islam is incomplete. He premiere collection of books, bro- articles and books on international affairs in the will be making extensive use of the Cold War and post-Cold War eras, American and chures, journals and related materials Library's Near Eastern collections. published by the Communist Party of British foreign policy in the 20th century, modern Uruguay in pursuance of his research Kluge Fellow lulia D. Shevchenko and contemporary German history and politics, topic, "Ideology, Action, and Social "Parliamentary Autonomy in the history of European integration, and Euro- Views of the Uruguayan Commu- Post-Communist Countries: A Com- pean foreign policy and transatlantic relations. nist Party, 1945-73." In 1998, Leibner parative Study" isthe focus of His most recent book, "Churchill's Cold War: The received his doctorate from the Uni- Shevchenko's research. A native of Politics of Personal Diplomacy [1908-551," was versity of Tel Aviv, where he is aRussia, Shevchenko received her published by Yale University Press this year. lecturer in the history department. doctorate from the European Uni- The Henry Alfred Kissinger Chair in Foreign In addition, he is on the editorial versity at St. Petersburg where she Policy and International Relations was created board of Estudios Interdisciplinarios is a research associate. The author of through the generosity of friends of the former de America Latina y el Caribe (EIAL). numerous publications in both Rus- Secretary of State to honor him and emphasize His book, "El Mito del Socialismo sian and English, Shevchenko plans the importance of foreign affairs. Established in Indigena en Mariategui. Fuentes y on extending her practical knowl- September 2001, the Kissinger Chair program Contextos Peruanos," was publishededge of the functioning and work- offers outstanding thinkers and practitioners a in 1999. ing of the U.S. Congress by using unique opportunity to pursue advanced research THOMAS, the Library's legislative in the largest and most international collection of Visiting Fellow Kathleen Lynch information database on the Internet library materials in the world. Executive director of the Folger as well as the Library's collection of Institute at the Folger Shakespeare books and periodicals that were not avail- of the Spanish Empire, 1492-1665." Library, Lynch has been awarded a able to researchers in Central and Eastern Kluge Fellow Andrei Znamenski research leave from the Folger for 12 Europe under communist regimes. months to do research at the Kluge Znamenski will be studying "Atha- Center. Her work will focus on a Library of Congress Fellow in baskan Indians and Russian Orthodoxy scholarly book-in-progress on the International Studies Raids Szelenyi (1840s-1917)," a project to examine the uses of autobiographical narrative in Szelenyi received his doctorate fromrole that the Russian Orthodox Church 17th-century Britain and its colonial the University of California-Los Angelesperformed in the belief and culture of a outposts which is provisionally titled in 1998. An independent scholar, Szele-group of south-central Alaskan Native "A Pattern or More: The Uses ofnyi hopes to complete his research onAmericans. Znamenski, the author of Religious Experience in Seventeenth- "The Social Roots of Ethnic Conflict: "Shamanism and Christianity: Native Century Britain." The German Diaspora in East CentralEncounters with Russian Orthodox Mis- Europe." He received both an Americansions in Siberia and Alaska, 1820-1917," Kluge Fellow Chidibere Nwaubani Council of Learned Societies Postdoc- (Greenwood Press, 1999), received his Nwaubani is assistant professor of toral Fellowship (2001-2002) and a Wood- doctorate from the University of Toledo African history at the University of in 1997. Presently he is associate profes- Colorado-Boulder. Author of "The row Wilson Center Research Scholarship (2001). sor of history at Alabama State Univer- United States and Decolonization in sity in Montgomery. West Africa, 1950-1960" (University Library of Congress Fellow in For moreinformationaboutthe of Rochester Press, 2001), Nwaubani International Studies Elvira Vilches John W. Kluge Center, contact the Office of received his doctorate in African his- An assistant professor of Spanish at Scholarly Programs, Library of Congress, tory from the University of Toronto in North Carolina State University, Vilches101 Independence Ave., S.E., Washington 1995. Nwaubani will focus on "Nige- received her doctorate in Spanish from DC 20540-4860; telephone (202) 707-3302, ria: The Politics of Decolonization, Cornell University in 1998. She hopes to fax (202) 707-3595, [email protected], 1937-60" and will make use of the use the resources of the Hispanic Division www.loc.gov/kluge. Library's important collection of to study the cultural consumption of New older Nigerian newspapers, which World exotica and its role in early modern Robert Saladini, a specialist in the Music are exceptionally rich for the schol- Spain's culture, politics, and economics in Division, was a Leadership Development arly study of the process of decoloni- a project titled "The Economy of the Mar- Program fellow in the Office of Scholarly zation in sub-Saharan Africa. velous: Transatlantic Values and Fictions Programs.

OCTOBER 2002 211 237 'VW Ambassadors of Progress Early American Women Photographers Featured

By VERNA POSEVER CURTIS tains a cross section of photographs by "Ambassadors of Progress: AmericanAmerican women in 1900. It exempli- Women Photographers in Paris, 1900- fies a soft-focus pictorialist style and 1901," a traveling exhibition and book byartistic subjects. It also represents real- the same title, offer a window into pioneer- ist expression, which was not then ing photographer Frances Benjamin John-in vogue with the artistic or "picto- ston's (1864-1952) milieu and the prog- rial" photographers, as they called ress of American women at the turn of thethemselves. In retrospect, Johnston's 19th century. Library of Congress cura-choices showed unusual foresight. tors and conservators worked to restoreJohnston, as photographer and advo- the portraits, still li fes, genre scenes, alle- cate for women like herself, eventu- gories, and landscapes that comprise the ally became a major supporter of the exhibition's photographs. With the newLibrary of Congress collections, also interest garnered by the book and exhibi-leaving her own work, her letters, tion, women photographers of 1900 aremanuscripts and poster collections to

poised to make photographic history once the American people. Virginia M. P;11 again. In 1900-60 years after the inven-"Portrait of a Woman in a Floral tion of the mediumphotographersDress Adorned with Diamond In April 1900, the great Universalwere asserting the right to take on the Brooches and Bows," ca. 1900 Exposition opened in Paris. Featur-traditional subjects of art, including ing nearly 30,000 exhibitions, it wel-religious subjects, allegory, and genre,world. As a portrait photographer, comed the new century on a grandand to use the full creative potentialshe became the first official White scale. A series of international con-of photography. American photog-House photographer under Grover gresses convened in July to discuss araphers began to debate fiercely theCleveland, pursuing not only Ameri- wide range of contemporary topics.validity of this new art as a challengecan presidents and their families, but Chicago's Mrs. Potter Palmer, a prom-to the traditional arts of drawing andalso senators, diplomats and other inent supporter of women's rights,printmaking and in opposition to its government officials. And as a pioneer- chose the women delegates from theusage purely as a recording device or ing photojournalista field spawned United States, selecting Frances Ben-scientific tool. Soon, the photographicby the growth industry of illustrated jamin Johnston of Washington, D.C.,artist, then considered an "amateur,"magazines for the mass marketshe to represent women in photography.would eclipse the professional or com-attracted a public following of her With only weeks to prepare beforemercial practitioner for attention onown. Female readers enjoyed her excit- sailing to Europe, Johnston canvassedthe world stage. ing reports in both words and pictures her photographic colleagues for their Into this atmosphere of heady argu-from unusual locations, including an opinions about who were the bestment raging in various photographicunderground coal mine. women photographers and wrote toclubs, journal pages and public exhi- At the same time, Johnston polished more than 30 women across the coun-bitions came Johnston, one of theher reputation as an art photogra- try. Drawing on the photographs, bio-foremost women in the field. Thepher by exhibiting internationally and graphical material and self-portraitsonly child of professional parents (herserving on the first all-photographer that she received, she prepared anfather was a civil servant in the U.S.jury for the 1899 Second Philadelphia illustrated lecture, "American Women Department of the Treasury and herSalon. Alfred Stieglitz, the best-known Photographers in 1900"; it consisted ofmother a journalist and drama criticof her male colleagues, stressed pho- 142 photographs by 29 female practi-for a Baltimore newspaper), she begantography's value for the production of tioners from the East, Midwest, Cali-her own career as an illustrator butart, separating artistic expression from fornia and Oregon. soon became fascinated with thebusiness and refusing to organize a . That collectionnow held withincamera. Johnston took private lessonsdisplay of American pictorialists at Johnston'sphotographicarchivesfrom Thomas Smillie, the first curatorthe Universal Exposition because they whicharedivided betweentheof photography at the Smithsonianwere not to be exhibited in the art Library's Prints and Photographs Divi-Institution. By 1889, she was the onlypavilions. Johnston, on the other hand, sion and the Smithsonian's Nationalfemale member of the Washingtontook a broader view, championing Museum of American Historycon-Camera Club and soon its delegatephotography both as a commercial to a photographic convention in Newmeans of livelihood for others of her "To a Greek Girl," 1873, photo- York. Striking out boldly on hersex as well as a form for artistic expres- graph by Emma Justine Farn-own, she earned a growing reputationsion. Art and enterprise did not nec- sworth (opposite) in the professional and commercialessarily preclude one another, she

OCTOBER 2002 213 23g tr.

Mary Townsend Sharpies Schaffer

Virginia M. Frail "Mount Sir Ronald," ca. 1900 (clockwise from top left); "Two Girls Wearing White Dresses and Dark Stockings Reading a Book," ca. 1900; "A Holbein Woman," ca. 1890-92 "The Vision," ca. 1900, photo by Gertrude Stanton Kasebier (opposite)

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Mary Electa Allen and Frances Stebbins Allen

240 INFORMATION BULLETIN .

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believed; the amateur had the right to work at her craft while she earned a living. By 1900, Frances Johnston Terra Foundation was highly respected by her female and male colleagues alike, both as a Sponsors Project woman in the business community and an artist in photography. To Recreate The photographs that Johnston brought to Paris in 1900 were uni- 1900 Exhibition versally admired. Russian delegate Wiacheslav Izmilovich Sreznewsky, In 1999, the Terra Foundation for representing the Imperial Russian the Arts awarded the Library of Technical Society, asked to borrow Congress $60,000 to support the con- the works to show in Moscow and servation of 200 photographs drawn St. Petersburg. Because little of artis- from the portion of Frances Benjamin tic merit in photography had been Johnston's collection that is housed in produced in his country since the the Prints and Photographs Division. 1880s, he touted "the young Ameri- The result of that effort can be seen can women and their artistic taste in "Ambassadors of Progress: Ameri- and talent, as they have completely can Women Photographers in Paris, mastered the technical aspects of 1900-1901," an exhibition being circu- photography. They have succeeded lated by the Musee d'Art Americain in Giverny, France. Eva Gamble Walborn in capturing unique images, and in passing from the real world to After having been shown at the "Sweet Peas" (above) and "The Musee d'Art Americain and the Terra Village Politician," both ca. 1900 continued on page 219 Museum of American Art in Chicago in 2001-2002, the exhibition will travel to the Hood Museum of Art, Dart- mouth College, January 11March 9, 2003, and the Asheville (N.C.) Art Museum, April 25July 20, 2003. The Library's Interpretive Programs Office is coordinating the arrangements for the traveling exhibition. The handsomely illustrated hardcover book "Ambassadors of Prog- ress: American Women Photogra- phers in Paris, 1900-1901" includes essays by editor Bronwyn Griffith, Musee d'Art Americain; Michel Poi- vert, president, Societe Francaise de Photographie; Library of Con- gress Curator of Photography Verna Curtis; and Library of Congress Senior Conservator Andrew Robb. With 77 full-page plates and numerous smaller photographs, the book is available in the Library's Sales Shop for $40. Also in the Appendix of the volume, where they are published for the first time in translation, are contemporary articles that appeared in Russian photography journals at the time of the 1900 Uni- versal Exposition. European Divi- sion Chief John Van Oudenaren helped to obtain one of them, and Harry Leich, a Russian specialist at the Library, translated it. The Musee d'Art Americain published the book in association with the Library of Congress.

11 Emma L Fltz

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An interior view of the House of Representatives chamber in the U.S. Capitol by E. Sachse and Co., lithographer, 1866. The History of the House Remini to Chronicle the House of Representatives istorian Robert V. Remini will Remini, professor emeritus of his-cal Overview" to the 1999 publication esearch and write a narrative his-tory and the humanities at the Uni-"Gathering History: The Marian S. tory of the U.S. House of Representatives. versity of Illinois at Chicago, was edu-Carson Collection of Americana." The project was authorized by Congress cated at Fordham University (B.S., "The House of Representatives is in 1999 under the House Awareness and 1943) and Columbia University (M.A.,generally regarded as the People's Preservation Act (PL. 106-99). 1947, Ph.D., 1951). He has been teach-House in which many distinguished, "I am pleased to announce theing history for more than 50 years anddiligent, colorful, and larger-than-life appointment of Robert Remini as a Dis- writing books about American historypersonalities met together and during tinguished Visiting Scholar of Amer-for nearly as long. In addition to histhe past 200 and more years dis- ican History in the John W. Klugethree-volume biography of Andrewcussed, debated, quarreled and helped Center at the Library of CongressJackson, he is the author of biogra-hammer out the nation's laws," Remini to undertake this ambitious project,"phies of Henry Clay and Daniel Web-said. "I fully intend to write a narrative said Librarian of Congress James H.ster, as well as a dozen other books onhistory of this extraordinary institu- Billington. "In addition to being a first-Jacksonian America. Among his manytionwith its vivid and sometime out- rate writer and historian, he under-honors are the Lyndon Baines Johnsonrageous personalitiesthat will cap- stands the history of the workings ofFoundation Award, the Carl Sandburgture all the excitement and drama that Congress, which is invaluable for thisAward for Nonfiction, the Universitytook place during the past 200 years, so effort," said Billington. Scholar Award of the University of Illi-that the record of its triumphs, achieve- Rep. John Larson (D-Conn.), whonois, the American Historical Associ-ments, mistakes and failures can be successfully sponsored the authoriz-ation's Award for Scholarly Distinc-better known and appreciated by the ing legislation in his first term in Con-tion, and the National Book Award.American people," said Remini. gress said, "I am pleased that a scholarActive in the national history commu- The John W. Kluge Center in the of Professor Remini's caliber has beennity, Remini has served as a reviewLibrary of Congress was established in chosen to work on this important proj-board member for the National Endow-2000 with an unprecedented gift of $60 ect. The reason why I worked so hardment for the Humanities since 1974. Inmillion from John W. Kluge, Metrome- to initiate this effort was because I1991, he delivered a Presidential Lec-dia president and chair of the Madison believe that the resulting publicationture at the White House. Council, the Library's private sector will be a significant tool for the public Remini is also the author of twoadvisory group. The center is bringing and Members themselves to under-recent books: "John Quincy Adams"some of the world's leading senior and stand how and why Congress works the(Times Books), a biography of thecompetitively selected junior scholars way it doesas well as its unique andsixth president that was published into the Library of Congress to pursue compelling history. Professor ReminiAugust; and "Joseph Smith: A Penguintheir own research, using the Library's has shown, through his impressiveLives Biography" (Viking), which willcomprehensive collections, and for body of work, that he will be able tobe released in October. In a previousinformal occasional dialogue with the convey the richness of the history ofcollaboration with the Library of Con-Library's curators, Members of Con- this institution." gress, Remini contributed "A Histori-gress and others on Capitol Hill.

OCTOBER 2002 217 f! 243 Library Acquires Rare Films Pre linger Collection Features Ephemeral Films 'The Library of Congress has recently acquired the Pre- 1 linger Collection, comprising more than 48,000 historical "ephemeral" motion pictures, from its owner, Pre- linger Archives of San Francisco. The Pre linger Collection brings together a wide variety of American ephemeral motion picturesadvertising, educational, industrial, amateur and documentary films depicting everyday life, culture and industry in America throughout the 20th century. Although images from the collection have been used in thousands of films, television programs and other productions throughout the last 20 years, the films themselves generally have not been available to researchers and the public. "This comprehensive collection provides a unique window into the world of 20th-century American ides and lifestyles," said Librarian of Congress James H. Billington. "The picture it gives is quite distinct from that found in Hollywood feature films and newsreels. These are the films that children watched in the classroom, that workers viewed in their union halls, that advertisers presented in corporate boardrooms and that homemakers saw at women's club meetings." "The Library's acquisition of our collection will ensure its long-term preservation and render it accessible to future generations. I'm thrilled that this cultural and social resource is becoming part of the world's greatest treasury of recorded human knowledge," said Rick Pre- linger, president of Pre linger Archives. Because of the size of the Pre linger Collection (more than 140,000 individual cans of film) and the numerous complexities involved in its processing, it will take several years before the Library will be in a position to provide access to these filmsafter the completion of a new motion picture storage and preservation facility in Cul- peper, Va. However, Pre linger Archives will continue to make the collection available through two primary channels. Those wishing to gain access to films for research, pleasure or reuse may view and download 1,500 key titles without charge through the Internet Archive (www.archive.org/movies), while those in search of stock footage for production may acquire it through Pre linger's authorized representative, Getty Images (www.gettyimages.com). Detailed information regarding access to the Pre linger Collection may be found at www.prelinger.com.

"American Harvest" (top), "Duck and Cover" and "American Soap Box Derby." Film frame enlargements courtesy of Rick Pre linger

218 INFORMATION BULLETIN 1.! r. 41 r., :4. The Library of Congress contains the largest collections of film and television in the world, from the earliest surviving copyrighted motion picture to the latest feature releases. Many of the films in the Pre linger Collection, however, were never submitted for copyright or were produced during the decades when film prints were not acquired by the Library as part of the copyright registration process. This was due to safety concerns about the storage of film prints produced on the highly flammable film nitrate stock used by the motion picture industry prior to 1951. Ephemeral films vividly document the look and feel of times past and are unparalleled records of cultural and social history. The Pre linger Collec- tion contains significant holdings in many areas, including hundreds of films on social guidance and etiquette; thousands of industrial films pictur- ing automobile design and manufacturing, communications, technology and engineering; more than 250 hours of amateur films and home movies shot by ordinary Americans to document their lives, their homes and their travels; films on vanished cultural and social landscapes; films on "American Look," frame enlargement courtesy of Rick Pre linger art, literature, science and every other field of education; and many thou-collection consists of unique master"The House in the Middle" (1954), sands of films produced by regionalmaterials, and a significant portionwere recently named by the Librarian production companies in all parts ofof the remainder is not held by anyof Congress to the National Film Reg- the United States. other archives. Two titles in the col-istry of culturally and historically sig- Approximately 40 percent of thelection, "Master Hands" (1936) andnificant films.

Ambassadors Maryland Art Gallery in 1979 titled,tion generously supported the conser- continued from page 216 "Women Artists in Washington Col-vation effort and research on the little- lections." As part of that effort, cura-known women photographers. Much the world of ideas." After the falltor Toby Quitslund organized a smallcare was taken by the conservators showings in Russia, these same photo-exhibition of the photographers thatand the curators at the Library of Con- graphs were featured in January 1901Johnston had collected called "Hergress to restore the delicately toned at the elegant Photo-Club de Paris, theFeminine Colleagues: Photographsphotographs in colors ranging from most prestigious club in the Frenchand Letters Collected by Frances Ben-sepia to light gray (some of which capital. Nonetheless, Johnston wasjamin Johnston in 1900." were set onto layers of mounting never able to organize a showing of Yet even after this initial exposure,papers and asymmetrically placed on the women's work on American soil. Johnston's personal collection of theboards), and to display them in a What had struck the delegates tophotographs by the women, whichmanner similar to their original pre- the international photographic con-Johnston gave to the Library, remained sentation. gress in 1900 as so novel remainedin storage awaiting conservation care The book and the exhibition about unknown in the United States until theuntil several years ago. In 1999,the work of these pioneering women mid-1970s. During the wave of femi-the Prints and Photographs Divisionphotographers may finally bring them nist awareness, the Women's Caucusapplied to the Terra Foundation forthe attention that they have long of the College Art Association helped the Arts for a grant to conserve the 200deserved. to rediscover women artists lost inphotographs in Johnston's personal institutional reserves. It co-sponsoredcollection. As part of their interest in Verna Curtis is a curator of photography an exhibition at the University ofoutreach and education, the founda- in the Prints and Photographs Division.

OCTOBER 2002 219 245 * o

7erot. SS The TB' Collection Historic Scientific Research Preserved

By GEORGETTE GREEN, BEN HULL AND ies that were cutting-edge at the time JIM SCALA REPORT 00. 1 and could be adapted and modified for C144101e,it, raae.11.1 er he Library's unsurpassed collec- 4 sat. peacetime applications in the United 1 tion of reports that documents the . States. Even today, entrepreneurs are history of technology from World War making use of decades-old processes II to the present is now more accessi- described in the PB series that now ble than ever. Called the PB series- may be economically viable, such as after the 1940s Publication Board GERMAN UNDERGROUND INSTALLATIONS synthetic fuel production. the collection was recently relocated PART ONE Or from the Library's Photoduplication THREE The Rise of Research Programs Service where portions were stored MOQUE DUDIGN AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS In the spring of 1940, the United for more than 40 years, to an area that States was in imminent danger of being is closer to the Science, Technology, forced into a war for which the coun- and Business Division (ST&B) in the try was unprepared. The leading and Library's Adams Building. In 1998, the most influential scientists of the time division had taken over custody of the realized that the coming war would C**TID*OWL collection from the Photoduplication 141149 require a massive mobilization of sci- Service. MINT INTELLIGENCE ODIEGTT*SS AGENCY entific and technological research to Before the collection was moved, WASHINGTON D. C. support the war effort, particularly the 160,000 hardcopy reports were in the development of offensive and rehoused in acid-free containers; and defensive weapons technology. the 30,000 reports that were identified Responsibility for distributing the These same scientists had come to as too brittle to handle are currentlyreports was centered in the Photo-believe that the nation's interests would being preserved in microfiche format.duplication Service at the Library ofbe best served if researchers familiar As a result of these efforts, historians ofCongress, which created a Publicationwith the latest advances in science technology and interested lay peopleBoard Section in 1948 to handle suchbecame more knowledgeable about the will be much better able to use thisduties. The Photoduplication Serviceneeds of the military. This marked the important historical resource for gen-had been duplicating similar materi-first time that scientists took the initia- erations to come. als since its establishment in 1938 by a tive and approached the government The Library of Congress, with theRockefeller grant. to offer their knowledge and expertise largest, most accessible collection of The series collection, comprisingfor the benefit of the nation. There- the PB series, is the best single sourcethousands of reports on paper andafter, the Office of Scientific Research of a critical portion of the reports:microfilm, originated with the govern-and Development (OSRD) and its advi- those dating from 1945 to 1964. Manyment's desire to make technologicalsory and contracting arm, the National of these reports were published for theresearch conducted by both sides inDefense Research Committee (NDRC), first time only after they were declassi- World War IIthe victors as well as thewere created as part of the War Depart- fied. Today, the PB series continues tovanquishedavailable to the Ameri-ment to consult with scientists and be issued by the Department of Com-can public. military authorities to advise on what merce and collected by other institu- The creation of the Publication Boardresearch efforts were needed and to tions as well as the Library. was the first effort by the government toadminister the necessary contracts. collect, organize and distribute a wideResearch reports of the OSRD and the Origins in War range of federally-sponsored researchNDRC are among the earliest reports President Truman created the Pub-in diverse disciplines to interestedin the Library's PB series. lication Board by executive ordersgroups in the private sector. In effect, NDRC was organized into subject- issued in 1945; it was the precursorthis was the beginning of the use of theoriented divisions. Among the most to today's National Technical Infor-"technical report" as an instrument forsignificant of these in size and scope mation Service (NTIS). The board wasthe mass release of scientific and tech-was Division 14, Radar, organized by established to acquire and dissemi- nological data. A.L. Loomis. The remarkable Loomis, nate to business, academia and the In August 1945, the scope of thethe subject of a popular recent biog- general public the vast amounts of sci-Publication Board was expanded toraphy, "Tuxedo Park: A Wall Street entific and technical information cre- include the distribution of "enemy sci-Tycoon and the Secret Palace of Science ated as a result of federal contractentific and industrial information" forThat Changed the Course of World War research during and after World Warcommercial, academic and public use. II" by Jennet Conant (Simon & Schus- II. The reports issued by the Board,The Allies' collection of this kind ofter, 2002), was an investment banker therefore, became known as the PBinformation revealed many importantwho, after accumulating a great deal series. technologies developed by adversar-of wealth, indulged his passion for

220 INFORMATION BULLETIN BEST COPY AVA1LMTUR 246 ** s science by building one of the best- equipped physics laboratories in the world in Tuxedo Park, N.Y., and inviting world-famous scientists to use it. In 1941, President Roosevelt asked Loomis to organize a research program within the NDRC for the development of microwave radar detection systems for military applications. Already concerned about the threat of Hitler's Ger- many in Europe and fearful of the consequences for his own country, Loomis quickly agreed. With his good friend Ernest 0. Lawrence, the recipient of the Nobel Prize in 1939 for the invention of the cyclotron, he recruited a collection of scientists of astonishing accom- plishment, including at least six even-Photos of the "Horten Tailless Aircraft" from the PB series issue on tual Nobel laureates, to work on the"German Underground Installations" problems of radar development. Division 14's work had importantexistence of submarines capable ofgating personnel found in the research research consequences, including theaccommodating specially-designedlaboratories, industrial plants, and stor- development of many devices still infighter-bomber aircraft to penetrateage and transport facilities as they fell use today, such as microwave radarAmerican defenses and destroy such into Allied hands. warning systems, the ground-controlstrategic targets as the Panama Canal. They encounteredastaggering approach to the blind landing of air- The Allies also knew that the inva-amount of diverse material, which they craft, and the eventual development ofsion of the Japanese home islandsthen translated, organized and made the maser, nuclear magnetic resonancewould be a long and bitter battle. Scien- available to government and private and MRI machines. Microwave spec-tists looked for weapons in the Germanindustry. troscopy equipment, the transistor, thearsenal that could be adapted quickly For American teams going to a com- memory systems of digital computersfor use against the Japanese. They were mercial site in newly-liberated terri- and even the ubiquitous microwaveespecially concerned about the Ger-tory, policy required that representa- oven are based on the research under-mans' growing expertise in the field oftives from at least two separate and taken by Division 14. These and othernuclear fission. It was common knowl- competing corporations accompany important discoveries of Division 14edge in the scientific community thatthe investigation. Still, all documents, are contained in hundreds of reports inthe Nobelist Werner Heisenberg, Ottomaterial, and reports of their findings the PB series. Hahn and other German physicistswere sent directly to the intelligence had been active throughout the war inorganizations and not to the employers Fears and Rumors of Enemy experimental work on nuclear fission. of the experts on the scene. Virtually all Technology Had they succeeded in discovering theof the reports, including thousands of In the summer of 1944, the Alliedcritical mass necessary to achieve and pages of original captured material, forces had broken out of Normandycontrol a chain reaction in order to as well as many documents reflecting and were moving rapidly forwardcreate an atom bomb? the research activities and weapons through France to the Low Countries For all of these reasons, and becauseinformation of U.S. armed forces, were and the borders of Germany itself.the United States and its allies thoughteventually released in the PB series. Allied leaders learned of the existencethat the gathering of the combatants' These documents, based on infor- of advanced technology in Germanyadvanced scientific and wartime tech-mation gathered by the intelligence and Japan that might enable thosenologies would be of great value toteams, provide a vast array of scien- countries to turn the tide of battle. Thepost-war industries and a boon to soci- tific and industrial data that were V-1 and the V-2 rockets were recog-ety as a whole, they mounted an effortsubsequently used in America and nized as potential threats, but whatto gather as much of this informationabroad as the basis for new methods else might be waiting on the Rhine foras they could find. and technologies. The documents col- Allied troops? lected ranged from studies of materi- Intelligence agents operating within Collecting on the Front Line als used in aircraft to aviation fuels; Germany, German-occupied territories American and British organizationsfrom acetylene, an intermediate in and Imperial Japan had been con-most often teamed together in the effortthe production of synthetic rubber, to firming persistent rumors from flee-to gather war research. Allied intelli-vinyls and industrial alcohols; from ing refugees about the manufacturegence crews of scientists and industrialthe hydrogenation of coal to mining of chemical and biological munitions,experts from academic, research, andand other fuel production; from plas- the development of jet and other high-industrial facilities fanned out behindtics to synthetic fibers. They also speed aircraft, and kamikaze sub-the advancing front line, confiscatingincluded ventilation, sanitation and marines. Other rumors included thedocuments and equipment and interro-safety data gleaned from German

OCTOBER 2002 221 SO 2 4 ? experience in building underground facilities to withstand air attacks, among many other production topics. At the conclusion of the war in the Pacific, Allied intelligence teams conducted a similar exploration and assessment of Japanese scientific and technological efforts. Many of these reports also appear in the PB collection.

Post-1964 PB Series After the war, unclassified technical reports resulting from federal research contracts, primarily with government agencies such as the Depart- ment of Defense, the Atomic Energy Commission and the National Advisory Committee for Aero- nautics, continued to be released under the PB series in hard-copy and roll-film formats through the Office of Technical Services (OTS). In 1964, OTS was abolished and its functions were absorbed by the Department of Commerce's new Clearing- house for Federal Scientific and Technical Informa- tion (CFSTI). The PB series is now generally distributed in microfiche format only and includes ' research reports produced by many U.S. agencies. Ben Hull (left) and Jim Scala review a PB issue in the series' In 1970, CFSTI's name was changed to the National new home, one of four refurbished spaces on the fifth floor Technical Information Service (NTIS), which dis-of the John Adams Building. tributes technical reports and the PB series to this day. The PB collection at the Library of Congress continues to grow as it acquires current PB reportson a selective basis. Public access to the Library's PB collection is available by calling the Technical Reports and Standards Unit at (202) 707-5655, by submitting questions through the Science Reference Services Ask a Librarian Web form at www.loc.govIrrl askalibl ask- scitech.html, or by mail addressed to Technical Reports and Standards Unit, Science, Technology, and Business Division, 101 Independence Avenue S.E., Washington, DC 20540.

Georgette Green, Ben Hull and Jim Scala are staff members in the Automation, Collections Support, and Technical Reports Section of the Science, Technology, and Business Division.

Scaled (1:50) drawings of the Horen IX prototype, from the PB series

222 INFORMATION BULLETIN 40 X49 1s NLS Pushes Conversion to Digital Books New Exhibition Features Prototype Playback Machines

BY GAIL FINEBERG Durable technology might seem like a contradiction in terms in the context of communications systems that become obsolete with passing fads and trends, but the Library's talking books have given millions of blind and physically disabled people free, reliable access to audio versions of books and magazines for 69 years. Since the first talking book was recorded on a vinyl audio disc in 1933, the Library's National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handi- capped (NLS) has made only one major change in talking-book technologyto analog tape recordings and tape cassette playback machines in the 1970s. Even then, many users continued to listen to long-playing records on old record players created specifically for the talking-book program.

Now, 30 years later, NLS is moving IDSA toward its second major change, fromThe "Dook," first-place winner in a competition to design a new digital analog recordings on miles of magnetictalking book sponsored by the Library of Congress. tape to digital recordings on tiny micro- chipscalled Digital Talking Bookseffort to write the new DTB standard,ity find them difficult to handle. In (DTB). which was adopted by the Nationaladdition, because the playback mech- NLS Director Kurt Cylke expects theInformation Standards Organizationanism for CDs is fragile, CD players DTB conversion effort to be completed (NISO)inDecember2001andwould be prone to damage in transit in 2008. He said the changeover willapproved by the American Nationaland would require frequent repair and mean converting approximately 30,000 Standards Institute on March 6. Blindreplacement. titles (about 10 percent of NLS' collec- and visually impaired users formu- On Dec. 4, 2000, NLS joined with the tion) from analog tape recordings tolated specifications for the standard,Industrial Designers Society of Amer- master digital recordings and devel-which will govern designs for DTBs. ica to sponsor a contest for students to oping a digital playback device that User requirements for a future dig-design a digital playback device that is simple to use, portable, and aboveital playback device include charac-will survive future digital technology all, as durable as the rugged, four-trackteristics of the time-tested tape cas-changes over the years and meet the tape player that has been in service for sette players, such as tactile featuresusers' requirements. These designs nearly three decades. In addition, 2,000for blind users; sound amplification forwere not intended to produce a model digital titles (plus two million copies)those who are hard of hearing; andto manufacture but to inspire the gov- will be added to the collection eachlarge buttons, knobs, or other controlsernment's research and planning with year. The digital playback device willthat are easy to grasp and manipulate,well-considered design ideas. replace the tape cassette players noweven for someone with limited dex- Students from 28 design schools available for use worldwide. terity or strength. The player must bethroughout the country submitted 146 "The change to digital versions ofsimple to load, and flash memory cardsentries, which were judged by a panel not only the playback machines, butstoring the digital recordings must beof six designers and senior NLS staff also the collection, is a great challenge,"large enough to handle easily. Theon June 7. The winners were presented Cy lke said. device will have to withstand long,awards at the designer society's confer- The cost of changing technology onhard use and the rough-and-tumbleence in Monterey, Calif., July 20-23. so vast a scale is highapproximatelytreatment of shipping. Lachezar Tsvetanov, a senior from $75 million over three years. Extensive research revealed manySophia, Bulgaria, studying at the Uni- The first step in the complicatedreasons why compact discs would notversity of Bridgeport in Connecticut changeover was to develop a user-pre- be the ideal choice for NLS talkingon a full scholarship, won first place scribed national standard for a DTB. Inbooks. Contrary to popular belief, CDswith his "Dook," a digital player that partnership with an international com-are not durable. They can be easilylooks like a sleek, slim book and opens mittee, NLS coordinated a five-yeardamaged. People with limited dexter-to reveal a speaker and audio controls.

OCTOBER 2002 223 24 He was awarded $5,000 in July for his design. The audience he had in mind for his product was older users who are familiar with books. Blindness and visual impairment most often occur in later life. These individuals generally lack the tactile sensitivity to learn braille, so talking books become the way they read. "It was great to work on a product addressing the challenges faced by those whose needs are frequently overlooked," Tsvetanov said. "This was not only a design exercise, but also a life experience." The judges selected two second-place entries and three third-place designs. Cylke, who conceived the design competition, said he was pleased with the quality of the entries. "This contest has given NLS an opportunity to examine what the brightest students in the industrial design world proposed as Gary D. Cotton solutions to the complex design chal-Judges for the competition tried out each digital talking book lenges which a digital talking-bookprototype. player represents. We're truly pleased with the caliber of the entries and lookNLS, who "read" his first talking bookmore than 23 million copies of some forward to examining them further." in 1948; Philip Vlasak, a partner of340,000 titles available on cassettes. John Bryant, head of the NLS Pro-Personal Computer Systems of Mich-Cylke said that in the next generation duction Control Section, coordinatedigan, which creates computer gamesof DTBs, an entire book will be placed the contest in cooperation with Gigifor blind people; Brian Matt, a societyon one microchip. Thompson, the senior manager of com-member and founder and CEO of Alti- One big advantage of the digital munications for the Industrial Design-tude Inc., a Boston design and devel-format will be the capacity to index ers Society of America. Jim Mueller, aopment firm; and Sam Leotta, a societyand retrieve information by keyword member of the society and chairman ofmember who designed bomber andsearches within the text. Users will be its Universal Design Professional Inter-fighter aircraft for use in World War II.able to read an entire book without est Section, was the professional advi- NLS' designs have set the pace ofhaving to turn over a tape or disc, and sor. Mueller served as a judge alongtechnology innovations over the years.navigational tools will enable them to with Michael M. Moodie, NLS' researchIn 1934, the long-playing 33'A rpmskip quickly from chapter to chapter and development officer, who coordi-record was developed for the talk-or paragraph to paragraph, or to book- nated the five-year effort to developing-book program, 14 years before itmark passages for later reference. The the new talking-book standard; otherbecame the industry standard. Thissound quality of digital recordings is judges included Thomas Bickford, adisc technology was modified andalso expected to be higher than that of senior reviewer for audio books atimproved over the years. By 1973,current media. NLS had developed a The production of current titles in flexible disc that woulddigital format began this year. New turn at 81A revolutionstitles will be recorded on digital mas- per minute and recordters and copied and released in analog more than two hoursformat until digital playback devices of sound. In 1980, "Thereplace cassette playback machines in Second Lady" by Irving2008. Wallace was recorded A recent NLS report, "Digital Talk- on seven flexible discs,ing Books: Progress to Date, May 2002" producing 14 hours of(see June Bulletin, p. 115), details the sound. steps that NLS has taken so far and Field testing of tapeneeds to take to advance the talking- recorders began in 1963.book program. NLS has developed a By the early 1980s, spe-life-cycle cost analysis model to com- cial four-track tapes withpare the costs of the audio cassette theirdurableplayersprogram with projected costs of vari- could record and playous technologies proposed for the new back 200 pages of printsystem. NLS is creating a collection of read aloud. NLS now hasdigital masters from which copies will Gary D. Cotton

224 INFORMATION BULLETIN Michaels McNichol be made for distribution and is writing software programs Third Place ($1,000): Nicki Kuwahara, California State to check each digital file for formatting standards. The orga- University, Long Beach. Entry titled "Digital Talking Book." nization must select a copyright protection system to ensureIndependent, self-directed project. that only eligible users have access to DTB recordings of Third Place ($1,000): Brian Potempa and Michael Matheau copyrighted materials. Potempa, Milwaukee Institute of Art and Design. Entry A long-term digital planning group, made up of consumertitled "Insight Personal Assistance Device." Faculty advi- representatives and network librarians, is planning for the sors: Pascal Malassigne (IDSA fellow) and Bill O'Dell. deployment of DTB technology through the long-standing Third Place ($1,000): Emilie Williams, North Carolina State national network of 138 cooperating libraries. University. Entry titled "D1." Faculty advisor: Percy Hooper (IDSA member). Second- and Third-Place Award Winners An exhibit titled "'Dook'Digital Talking Books: Machine Second Place ($2,000): Christopher Garnaas and LauraDesign Competition Winners," featuring the six winning Hackbarth, Milwaukee Institute of Art and Design. Entry designs, opened Oct. 21 and runs through Dec. 20 in the titled "Nero." Faculty advisors: Pascal Malassigne (IDSAfoyer of the Mumford Room, on the sixth floor of the fellow) and Bill O'Dell. Library's James Madison Building. Second Place ($2,000): Anna Mastriano, University of Bridgeport, Conn. Entry titled "Book Talk." Faculty advisor: Gail Fineberg is editor of The Gazette, the Library's staff Roy Watson. newsletter. Library of Congress Authorities Records Now Available Online Library of Congress authority rec-to direct users to the headings used inload of authority data and access to the ords are now available online library catalogs. approximately 2,300 subject subdivision on the Library's Web site at http:// The Library of Congress databaserecords in the Library of Congress Sub- authorities.loc.gov. Known as Librarycontains more than 5.5 million author-ject Headings. of Congress Authorities, the free onlineity records. Through the Library of Con- This new service was made available service allows users to search, displaygress Authorities service, users haveon a trial basis on July 1. During the and download authority records in access to these authority records, includ- trial period, the Library sought feedback the MARC 21 format for use in local ing 3.8 million personal, 900,000 corpo-from users worldwide to assist in eval- library systems. rate, 120,000 meeting, 90,000 geographic uating the service. User response was An authority record is a tool used byname authority records; 265,000 sub-overwhelmingly positive. Based on their librarians to establish forms of namesject authority records; 350,000 seriesinput, the Library has made improve- (for persons, places, meetings and orga-and uniform title authority records; and ments to Library of Congress Authori- nizations), titles and subjects used on340,000 name/title authority records. ties and decided to offer this free ser- bibliographic records. Authority records The Library is currently working with vice on a permanent basis. The Library enable librarians to provide uniformEndeavor Information Systems to pro-welcomes comments from users, which access to materials in library catalogs vide access via 239.50 (an internationalshould be sent via e-mail to [email protected]. and to provide clear identification ofstandard for information retrieval) and A PowerPoint presentation on Library authors and subject headings. Author-other features such as the full MARCof Congress Authorities is available at ity records also provide cross references 21 character set for display and down- www.loc.gov/ils/a1a02arv.ppt.

OCTOBER 2002 v 251 225 Russians in the Heartland Center for Russian Leadership Development Opens Doors

BY ROBIN RAUSCH stores in Samara asked a The city of Eau Claire Wal-Mart official for infor- lies in the heart of Wis- mation on employee ben- consin's dairy land, where efits. they claim there are more The program manager cows than people.Itis ofanon-governmental not the sort of place one organization resource and expects to hear the ani- training center in Bash- mated voices of women kortostan shared concerns speaking Russian. But for about fund-raising with a week this past July, Rus- the director of a local wom- sian was heard in the cor- en's shelter. ridors of the county court- At the University of Wis- house as well as the aisles consin's Stout campus, the of the local Kmart, whenThe "Women as Leaders" Russian delegation, seatedhead of a women's educa- the citizens of Eau Claire(left to right): Yelena Yevgenyevna Kondrashova,Tamaration foundation in Sara- hosted a 10-member dele-Vladimirovna Zolotova, Yelena Nikolayevna Vytoptova,tov learned from faculty gation of Russian womenAlevtina Pavlovna Surtsukova, Tatyana Alekseyevnamembers how the univer- leaders. Turchenkova, Anisa Gabdulkhakova Yenikeyeva, Mariyasity's connections to inter- The women came to Wis-Stepanovana Kostyuchenko, and Tatyana Vladimirovnanational business bring the consin under the auspicesKopylova. Standing (left to right): facilitator Nadezhdaglobal market to the com- of the Open World Pro-Aleksandrovna Negrustuyeva, Robin Rausch of themunity. gram, an exchange pro-Center for Russian Leadership Development, and The women, who speak gram sponsored by Con-facilitator Aleksandra Valeryevna Bukacheva little English and commu- gress and managed by the nicated through an inter- Center for Russian Leadership Devel-ers in their fields, represented a widepreter, discovered they had much in opment at the Library of Congress.variety of professions. They werecommon with their American coun- Open World has brought some 5,000given the opportunity to meet womenterparts. emerging Russian leaders to the Unitedholding similar positions in Wis- Eau Claire's recent history also pro- States since it began in 1999. Theyconsin's Chippewa Valley, an areavided fodder for study. Its population came to learn about American democ-encompassing Eau Claire, Menomo-of 62,000 has worked hard to recover racy and the free enterprise systemnie and Chippewa Falls. Throughoutfrom difficult economic times. The under one of eight program themes:the week, unlikely scenarios unfoldedcommunity struggled with the loss economicdevelopment,educationthat would have been unheard of notof hundreds of jobs when the local reform,environment,federalism, so very long ago. Uniroyal tire manufacturing plant shut health, rule of law, women as leaders, The head of the village and youth issues. council of Krutoyarsk The Russians' Eau Claire programand the director of the was administered by the NationalWomen Voters' League Peace Foundation (NPF), one of theof Krasnodar discussed principal education and practice orga-local politics with elected nizations concerned with conflict res- women officials from the olution and peace-building. The localEau Claire County branch of the American Association ofBoard, City Council and University Women (AAUW) designedSchool Board. the visitors'local program, which A former newspaper focused on the topic "Applicationseditor, now president of of Democracy-Communities Respond- a charity in Penza, ques- ing to Citizen Needs." AAUW mem- tioned reporters from the bers also handled the logistics of theLeader-Telegram and women's schedule, including meals,Wisconsin Public Radio lodging in the homes of area residents, about freedom of the and local transportation. AAUW is thepress in America. oldest and largest national women's During a tour of the organization devoted to equity, educa- regional Wal-Mart distri- Robin Rausch tion and positive societal change. bution center, the direc-The delegates found time for a quick break The Russian women, emerging lead-tor of two retail foodwhile waiting for their next tour to begin.

226 e 9 INFORMATION BULLETIN 0

H1 o down 10 years ago. Today they are at work revitalizing the downtown area in an effort to reverse a trend of suburban flight. The Russian women learned how the former Uniroyal plant was turned into a small business incubator and is now operating as a home to several small businesses. They heard about a locally- owned credit union that had proposed building a new headquarters on a site earmarked for a public park, and the compromise that was negotiated. Program Coordinator Kerry Kincaid, program vice president of the AAUW Eau Claire branch, and Project Coordinator Sarah Harder, president of the National Peace Foundation, co-facilitated the week's meetings and activities. They took great care to make sure all sides of the issues were presented and created a safe environment for discussion and exchange of ideas. Harder, who has worked extensively with women in Russia, stressed the importance of developing their leadership potential. "I believe that Rus- sia's future lies with its women," she said. "In Russia it is primarily women who struggle daily to tie together the human strandsfor family, elders, the sick, children, for education and community. In very personal ways and against the odds, they build upon hopes for the futurenot because this is plausible, but because it is their only choice." Robin Rausch This trip was the first time any of the Russian delegates hadDuring a tour of the Swiss Miss manufactur- traveled to the United States. The destination of Eau Claireing plant in Menomonie, Wis., the women proved to be particularly serendipitous for one participant. Sheparticipated in a taste test featuring many had harbored a fascination with the Mississippi River sincedifferent flavors of cocoa; a representative learning about it as a schoolgirl, and vowed many years ago thatfrom the Swiss Miss manufacturing plant someday she would see it. When the women were offered theintroduced the Russian delegates to a new opportunity to visit the Mississippi River town of Alma, her wish product: portable pudding. finally came true. She was so excited that she called her family back in Russia to tell them the news. The hospitality of Eau Claire's citizens is also sure to be remembered for a long time. The van driver who served as chauffeur during the women's stay managed to squeeze in a few unsched- uled shopping trips, find room for all their packages, and still get them to dinner on time. After a tour of the Swiss Miss plant, officials sent each of the Russians home with a gift box of their new pudding product when the women asked if they could buy some to take back to their children. One host family turned their home over to the Russians for an evening so they could relax and get to know one another, unencumbered by the need for a translator. By week's end, the women were overwhelmed by the amount of information they had received, yet extremely grateful for it. At a final debriefing, they said they were impressed with the collective energy of women in the United States. Many expressed a desire to sustain the connections they had made during the week. Most of all, they wanted Americans to come to Russianot only to experience Russian hospitality, but also to see how things are done in their country. Russians have something to show too, they explained. Robin Rausch Open World Program delegates are chosen from a wide rangeCenter for Russian Leadership Development's Board of political parties and ethnic groups, and more than a thirdof Trustees, said recently, "Now is an especially impor- are womena high proportion compared to typical Soviet-eratant time for Americans to reach out to the Russian exchanges. The program's purpose is to foster understandingleaders participating in Open World. People-to-people between the United States and the Russian Federation and to assistdiplomacy at the local level can definitely reinforce Russia's democratic and economic reforms. Open World partici-the new partnership that seems to be developing pants have been hosted in more than 800 communities in all 50between our two great nations." For more informa- states and the District of Columbia. Most stay in the homes of hosttion on the Open World Program, see www.open- families. The program does not require participants to be able toworld2002.gov. speak English, and interpreters are provided. Librarian of Congress and Russia expert James H. Billington, Robin Rausch, a specialist in the Music Division, was a whose vision of a program for young Russian leaders inspired Leadership Development Program fellow in the Center for Congress to initiate the Open World Program and who chairs the Russian Leadership Development.

OCTOBER 2002 227 23 Colorful and Dramatic Landsat Images of the Earth on Display In Geography and Map Division

BY HELEN DALRYMPLE To view the earth in a way that it is seldom seen by the human eye, visitors to the Library of Congress must visit "The Earth as Art" in the hallways outside the Geography and Map Divi- sion in the James Madison Memo- rial Building. Brilliant greens and purples, geometric designs that appear most unworldly, moving swirls that bring to mind the end papers of rare booksall of these images taken by satellites moving across the sky above the earth. The Library of Congress, in collaboration with the National Aeronautical and Space Adminis- tration (NASA) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), is commemorating the 30th anniversary of the launch of the Earth Resources Technology Sat- ellite (ERTS) with this exhibition, which features 30- by -30- inch high-resolution prints of images from LANDSAT 7. ERTS was the first satellite launched by the United States whose specific purpose was to record imagery of the earth's surface, and Landsat 7 is the current successor to the original ERTS platform. Landsat 7 is a part of NASA'sThe Ganges River forms an extensive delta where it empties into the Bay long-term research effort to betterof Bengal. The delta is largely covered with a swamp forest known as the understand and protect the planetSunderbans, which is home to the Royal Bengal Tiger. The satellite photo earth that we all call home. Thewas taken on Feb. 28, 2000. USGS' Earth Resources Obser- vation Systems Data Center inhaving a periodically refreshed familyunique view of the world. South Dakota operates Landsat 5photo album for the entire earth." The exhibition is on view at the and 7, is the primary U.S. receiv- Each of the 41 images in the exhibi-Library from 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Mon- ing station, maintains the 30-yeartionall of them from the collectionsday-Friday in the corridor outside the archive of the U.S. Landsat data,of the Geography and Map DivisionGeography and Map Reading Room and provides Landsat data tohas been selected for its artistic appealon the B level of the Madison Buil- researchers around the world.rather than for its scientific significance.ding through July 23, 2003. Selected Landsat 7 has captured more thanSome of the landmarks featured in "Theimages from the exhibit were displayed 400,000 images since its launch inEarth as Art" are the Ganges Riverat the Russell Senate Office Building April 1999. Delta, Mt Kilimanjaro, the center-postthis past July, and will be on view Said Ghassem R. Asrar, NASAirrigated farms of Garden City, Kan.,throughout the fall at the Arizona Sci- associate administrator of theand the Everglades. The color-enhanced ence Center in Phoenix. Some of the Office of Earth Science,"Inimages of islands, cloud formations,images will also be on view at the Gaith- essence, this archive of Landsatrivers, mountains, cities, deserts andersburg (Md.) Activity Center from imagery isthe equivalent oflakes are breathtaking and reveal aNov. 18 to Jan. 20, 2003.

228 INFORMATION BULLETIN The West Fjords are a series of peninsulas in north-This desolate landscape is part of the Sierra Madre western Iceland. They represent less than one-eighth Oriental mountain range, on the border between the the country's land area, but their jagged perimeter Coahuila and Nuevo Leon provinces of Mexico. The accounts for more than half of Iceland's total coastline. photo was taken Nov. 28, 1999. The photo was taken June 6, 2000.

Nicknamed "Dragon Lake," this body of water is In an area north of the city of Al-Basrah, Iraq, which formed by the Bratskove Reservoir, built along the borders Iran, a former wetland has been drained Angara River in southern Siberia, near the city of and walled off. Now littered with minefields and Bratsk. This image was acquired in winter, when gun emplacements, it is a staging area for military the lake is frozen. exercises. The photo was taken Jan. 24, 2001.

OCTOBER 2002 229 .1. h.?, .'N 255 News from the Center for the Book LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Exhibits and Displays, 1979-2002

The Center for the Book was 25 years old on Oct. 13. This is thebooks in the Library's Rosenwald collection (May 30-31, 10th in a series of articles that summarizes its activities during its 1980); the World War II Armed Services Editions (Feb. 17, first quarter century. 1983; May 1, 2001); the history of atlases (Oct. 25-26, 1984); "The Book in the Islamic World" (Nov. 8-9, 1990); and the A s part of its mission to stimulate public interest in books, Library's New Deal Arts collections (Dec. 8-9, 1995). The ...reading, literacy and libraries, the Center for the BookLibrary's Interpretive Programs Office is the Center for has sponsored dozens of exhibits, large and small, both atthe Book's partner for exhibits and displays at the Library; the Library of Congress and throughout the country. the American Library Association is its major partner for At the Library of Congress, the projects have rangedprojects outside the Library. Other projects have also been from major exhibitions in the Great Hall of the Jeffersondeveloped with state center for the book affiliates and Building to informal collection displays in connection withnational reading promotion partners such as the Interna- meetings and events, e.g., programs on the early illustratedtional Reading Association.

Exhibit and Display Highlights in exhibition brochures and 1979.The Center for the Bookcatalogs. funds the publication of "The Circle Dec. 1984June 1985. of Knowledge," the catalog for an"Books and Other A Nation exhibition about the history of ency-Machines," an exhibition clopedias on display in the Jeffersoncurated by Center for the Building from Dec. 7, 1979, to MarchBook consultant Alice D. Of 16, 1980. Schreyer, is on display in the 1983.In cooperation with theGreat Hall of the Library's Readers Library's Interpretive Programs Office, Jefferson Building. The exhi- An Exhibition Celebrating the Center for the Book prepares itsbition's major sections are: Reading in America

first "And Now...Read More About500 Years of Printed Books, ZI'Z'"1:".71C;w.orintion It" panels for Library of CongressTradition and Innovation, exhibitions. Each panel, displayedand A World of Printed at the end of the exhibition, listsImages. The Center for the Book/American Library books related to the exhibition's sub- Nov. 1985March 1987.Association traveling photography exhibition ject and suggests that viewers seek out "A Nation of Readers: An"A Nation of Readers," was seen in libraries these and other books at their localExhibition Celebrating Read-throughout the United States in the late 1980s. libraries and bookstores. These shorting in America," is on dis-The 41 winning photographs were selected reading lists also begin appearingplay in the Madison Build-from more than 70,000 photos submitted in ing's sixth floor corridorslocal contests in 606 libraries. and the Mumford foyer. These winning photographs from aSalem by Sen. Mark Hatfield (R-Ore.) national photography contest spon-and Librarian of Congress James H. sored by the American Library Asso- Billington. The exhibit features Library andnow... ciation and the Center for the Book areof Congress holdings about the his- part of a national traveling exhibition. tory and development of Oregon and Read more about it. AprilSept. 1988."Nazi Bookburn-the Pacific Northwest. ing and the American Response," 1992-1993.Working with the The Center for the Book suggests: an exhibition sponsored by the U.S. Library'sPublishingOffice,the CenterfortheBook All Possible Wadden A History of Geogrophkal Ideas. by Holocaust Memorial Council and the develops Preston P. James and Geofbey J. Martin. New York John Wiley, 1961 Center for the Book, is on display in"Thomas Jefferson's Legacy" and Early Thematic Moon* In the History of Cartography, by Arthur H. Robinson Chicago: University of Chicago Press, the Madison Building. "Books That Shaped America," two 1982 Five Centuries of Map Printing, edited by David Woodward Oct.13,1990."Uncle Sam in Oregon16-panel displays in the Library Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1975 The Mwmokers. by John Noble Wiford. New York: Alfred A. Country," a 30-panel traveling exhibit ofCongress/SIRS(SocialIssues Knopf, 1981 The Mapping of Americo. by Ser... 7. Rehowdsood Ralph sponsored by the Center for the BookResources Series) project. E. Elvenberg New York Flurry W. Abrams, 1980 Maps and Mars An Examination of Cartegrapky la Relation to and the Oregon Center for the Book, is 1992-1995."The Bonfire of Liber- Colton and chaa.a.. by Norman J.W. 'Mown, Engkaww291 N.J.: PtenticwHall, 1972 opened at the Oregon State Library inties: Censorship of the Humanities," a Mope for an Emenshy Nation: Commarttal Cartography in Nlneteenth-Century Arnedea by Walter W. Ristow. Washing. tom library of Congress, 1977 The 5,00' of MN.. by Lloyd A. Brown. New Yolk Dover. In 1983, in cooperation with the Library's Interpretive Programs Office, 1979 the Center for the Book began preparing short reading lists for panels For these and other books, visit your library and at the end of major Library of Congress exhibitions. This list was for a bookstore. map exhibition in the mid-1980s.

230 INFORMATION BULLETIN BEST COPY AVAILABLEL56 * a s

Opened in Salem, Ore., in 1990 as a joint project with the Oregon Center for the Book, the traveling exhibition "Uncle Sam in Oregon Country" reproduced 300 items from the Library's collections and showed how the federal government shaped Oregon's history and culture.

new traveling exhibition produced by the Texas Human- ities Resource Center in Austin and sponsored by the Texas Center for the Book and the Center for the Book in the Library of Congress, is hosted by state centers for the book and other libraries in seven states. The "Bonfire of Liberties" traveling exhibition, spon- July 1992.The Center for the Book receives a $503,000sored with the Texas Center for the Book, focused on grant from the Lila-Wallace Reader's Digest Fund for ahistorical examples of censorship in the humanities. national literary heritage project that includes "Language of the Land: Journeys into Literary America," a major exhibi- Library of Congress Corner The Library of Congress presents... tion of literary maps at the Library of Congress and a subse- BOOKS THAT SHAPED quent traveling exhibit. Sixteen state centers and nine other libraries host the traveling exhibit between 1993 and 1997. gloms 1993.The Center for the Book coordinates the Library of Congress' participation in the traveling exhibition, "A dettoson's Century of Library Publications, 1893-1993," which features 100 significant publications from institutions in the United egae9 States and Canada. Seven Library of Congress publications are selected for the exhibition, which travel to research libraries throughout the United States in 1994 and 1996. MarchMay 1997."Library: The Drama Within," an UNIT 1: -SUCH BOOKS AS MAY BE NECESSARY.' exhibition of 26 photographs of libraries and their users fol. Mani. oommordmr the mthiOrourro of a to, for Crum, D,V. around the world by Diane Asseo Griliches, is on display Books hate alwam hen a powerful force in American life. The open disserniion of knowledge mu Me rover. in the Madison Building. The photographs are from a ewe for honks that flowerol in the eigineenih-century Enlifivenment helped creme the run ion 1111,3 has 6113- book by Griliches published by the University of New mined in rho ugh rontultmale times. "9 haw turas upos the ottai ad sod. The coition of the Library of Com, re w &fit from in nsa, in the Enlightenment, time when Humes idler. Mexico Press and the Center for the Book. ctrannf kcettty nyansf every loam o6 ly'aims win. John Adam, anal Jame.. MaJimnthree prime me Ike mud 06 trek" moven for a nunonal library and for whom dbe three April 9-10, 1997.A display of "Rivers of America" first building, of the Library of Conereo pre iminedhelped Thomas Jefferson wrote this now famous sentence in s thap the cony found:Mooed our government. editions and ephemera from the private collection of Carol letter to Benjamin Rush in 1804 and it was not an empty sentiment. Jefferson's life waspassionate UNIT 2: THE SHAPERS ARE SHAPED Fitzgerald of Fort Lauderdale is featured during the Center reflection of the deteminatico behind that oath. The 112,1, of Atn.:rim rem thvmclvt, duped by the Scientist, author. farmer, linguist, lawyer, governor, finks they mad, shared, and used as wok in the romnue. tion of new nation. LegendonebibliMbile 1,1" for the Book's symposium marking the 60th anniversary negotiates, legislator, president of the United Sates, fawnprimary author of the Declaration of lndrpen- musician, inventor, architect he was a shining &nee and principal Gunder the Libra', or Cngress-- of the 65-volume "Rivers of America" book series. example of what disciplined, dedimted, and responsible once WrOle ri% John Adam, -I caniwn live w Wyk. hooky.. see of unfettered intellect could achieve. Jefferson George Washing... though not known as a reader. hod AprilMay 2003."Beyond Words: Celebrating Amer- disapproved of privilege hued on weird rank, believing 11114 volume, in hit Mount Vomon library. The new coup. instead in an aristocracy of "virtue and takans.' He wcond president, it ihn Adam, accumulated a library. ica's Libraries," a traveling photo exhibit sponsored by 1.000 vlume.JamesMathisonread vonxiosaly In older worked all hia life to provide the people of Virginia to writehoVirginia Hon, a bon for the Gant irut ion. the American Library Association and the Center for the and his newly formed country opportunities for Even the unaffluent Natick Fleury and a river tab:e education and vigorously proserted the freedoms 150 hooks. Book, is on display at the Library of Congress. This portable panel display features winning photographs from "Thomas Jefferson's Legacy" and "Books That Shaped a national contest sponsored by the two organizationsAmerica" were 16-panel portable displays that the in 1999. Center for the Book developed in cooperation with the Library's Publishing Office.

OCTOBER 2002 231 257 3EST COpyAVAIIABLE THE LIBRARY OF 101CONGRESS INDEPENDENCE AVE.PUBLIC S.E. AFFAIRS OFFICE PRESORTEDLIBRARYPOSTAGE OF STANDARD CONGRESS & FEES PAID PENALTY FORWASHINGTON, PRIVATE USE $300 DC 20540-1610 OFFICIAL BUSINESS DATED MATERIAL WASHINGTON,PERMIT DC No. G-103 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS IfINFORMATION you wish to be BULLETINremoved from the mailing list ISSN 0041-7904 address.theaddresstofor the thisBulletin, above publicationlabel address. pleaseand return. checkaddress If change To here yourrequest is inquiresrequired missing toenter issue(s)the onabove of and return this page TheLIBRARYGICONGZEOS ator tfm, WA. No No. 111

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Bulletin JAMES H. BILLINGTON Vol. 61, No. 11 November 2002 Librarian of Congress

On the Cover:Shannon and Stanley Romenstein welcomed a young visitor to the Minnesota table in the Pavilion of the States, as thousands of book lovers flocked to the grounds of the U.S. Capitol on Oct. 12 for the Library of Congress' Second Annual National Book Festival. Photos by Vivian Ronay. URI! Cover Story: The Second National Book Festival drew top authors and big crowds. 235 235 9/11Remembering the Victims:The Library sponsored a series of events commemorating the anniversary of the 9/11 terrorist attacks. One panel on Sept. 18 discussed the New York Times series on the victims of the World Trade Center attack, "Portraits of Grief." 242 9/11Treasures Lost:Another 9/11 panel on Sept. 24 examined the destruction of cultural artifacts in the New York attack. 244 SIPS CS PO 9/1101 9/11Artists Respond:Comic book artists and illustrators discussed their work in telling the story of 9/11 and its aftermath at a Library event Oct. 2. 246 co Holding the Purse Strings:U.S. Treasurer Rosario Marin delivered the Library's Hispanic Heritage Month keynote address Sept. 24. 248 242 Serving with Honor:Rep. Joe Baca (D-Calif.) spoke at the Library promoting Hispanic participation in the Veterans History Project. 249 Lively Laureate:In his second term as Poet Laureate, Billy Collins opened the Library's fall literary season. 250 Hands Across the Water:The European Division hosted a Sept. 10 conference on German-American relations one year after 9/11. 252 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea:Geologist/cartographer Marie Tharp has donated to the Library her vast collections of maps of the ocean floor. 253 Welcome Scholars:The first group of Kluge chairs and scholars have taken up residence in the Library's Kluge Center. 254 Dobro Pohalovat, Library of Congress:The Center for the Book 248 The Library of Congress Information Bulletin (ISSN 0041-7904) is issued 11 times a year by the Public Affairs Office of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in the United States. It is also available on the World Wide Web at www.loc.gov/today. Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive the Bulletin on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library's Director for Acquisitions and Support Services, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. All other correspondence should be addressed to the Information Bulletin, Public Affairs OPEN SOCIETY Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-1610, e-mail [email protected]. Revised printing, January 2003. SOROS FORNORTION-RUSSIR HELEN DALRYMPLE, Editor SAMUEL L. MCLEMORE JR. & JOHN H. SAYERS, Designers 256 AUDREY FISCHER, Assignment Editor

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2002 National Book Festival Second Annual Event Celebrates the Power of Words

By GAIL FINEBERG "Keep this up, and in 10 years you'll have 100,000 visi- Readers and collectors by the thousands put down their tors," said bibliophile Malcolm Bliss of Virginia, who with books long enough on a damp, gray Saturday to seehis wife, Judith, stood in lines for six hours straight with and hear their favorite authors at the second National Bookthree duffle bags full of first editions they wanted festival Festival organized and sponsored by the Library and hostedauthors to sign. by first lady Laura Bush. "We have talked to people from all over the East Coast, Neither the weather nor grim news reports of regionalpeople who drove here from as far away as Connecticut and sniper attacks kept visitors away from the Oct. 12 event.North Carolina, just to attend this festival," he said. "This is According to festival organizers, Capitol and National Parkthe best organized ... best publicized book festival I have police estimated that between 40,000 and 45,000 people cameever attended," said Bliss, who frequents book-signings. to the festival, an increase from last year's estimate of 30,000 "And all the staff here are so nice," his wife added. visitors. From the opening White House ceremony, which fea- "It's amazing, absolutely amazing, that this many people tured first ladies Laura Bush and her "fellow book lover want to be associated with books," Chief of Staff Jo Annand friend" Russian first lady Ludmila Putin, to biographer Jenkins said as she surveyed long lines of book lovers wait-David McCullough's closing exultation of books, the event ing on the National Mall late in the day to collect authors'was a celebration of intellect and imagination, of writers' signatures. wit and wisdom. Thousands more had swarmed into white pavilions "We have so much to gain from this festival," Mrs. Bush on the Capitol's soggy west lawn to listen to the tellers ofsaid during a brief kick-off ceremony in the East Wing fol- America's storiesamong them a Navajo poet, a cowboylowing a White House breakfast for more than 70 authors, poet-storyteller, and the nation's poet laure- illustrators, storytellers, and the festival's organizers. ate; chroniclers of the lives of presidents, The founder of Texas state book festivals seven years ago Civil War history, and African Americanand the Library's partner in hosting the National Book Festi- history; Chinese and Cuban-born creatorsval for the past two years, Mrs. Bush extolled the importance of children's books; a blind mountainof literacy and of families sharing a love a reading. climber and deaf storytellers; award- For those who are never without a paperback book to open - winning journalists; and popular fictionat any opportunity, or who have "bedside tables piled high writers from all walks of life. ntItcmalIC

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with books to read before we sleepor Introducing Russia's first lady, whomEnglish at the University of Arizona after we should have gone to sleep, letshe had invited to be her National Bookin Tucson, greeted the White House this festival be a reminder of the joy ofFestival guest, Mrs. Bush recalled herguests, first in her native Navajo lan- the bookworm," said the wife of thevisit to the Pushkin Museum as aguage and then in English. Recounting president, who began her career as a guest of Mrs. Putin. Together they had her lineage in the Navajo way, she said school teacher and librarian. walked through a long hall lined withher ancestors "understood the power books Mrs. Putin had studied as a St.of words and would appreciate the Petersburg State University studentfestival today." of Roman languages. Mrs. Bush noted Mary Higgins Clark, the author of that Mrs. Putin is interested in support-24 best-selling suspense stories, said ing her country's provincial libraries. "an awareness of reading is spreading "It is important for all people inall through the country," thanks to the the world, and in the United States,book festivals sponsored by Mrs. Bush to be educated and to read books," and the Library. Mrs. Putin said in translated Russian. Clark attributed her love of reading "I agree with Laura, that books mustand writing to her mother, who had not be forgotten; we must be free ofread to her as a child. Recalling that computer ego. We must not forget weafter her mother put her to bed, she do not serve computers; computersread late into the nights with the aid of serve us." a street light shining brightly through Mrs. Putin later spent several hoursher bedroom window, she said, "A at the Library, asking the Librarian,child is never lonely with a book under Jenkins, and others how to put on aher arm." Russian national book festival next Before presenting Mrs. Bush an auto- fall. graphed basketball, which she said she In his greeting to the first ladies,would keep in her office, Washington Billington thanked Mrs. Bush forWizards star Jerry Stackhouse said "hosting us all today, and for beingmembers of the National Basketball the National Book Festival's foundingAssociation and Women's National mother, guiding hand, and continuingBasketball Association had read more inspiration." than 300,000 books to 300,000 children "We are especially delighted thatand established 30 reading centers Mrs. Putin has accepted our first lady'sduring the past two years. invitation to see this festival first hand," "Our message is reading is fun and a Billington continued. "Mrs. Putin, as a necessary life skill," he said. student of philology and strong sup- Thirty minutes later, the two first porter of the Russian language, is theladies, hand-in-hand, stepped gingerly perfect ambassador of her literary land over the muddy festival grounds and Michaels McNichol to this festival." joined in songs in a storytellers' pavil- Laura Bush and a young festival Luci Tapahonso, a poet and profes-ion and then moved to a children's attendee enjoy a performance. sor of American Indian studies andpavilion to hear Eric Carle, author or

Havana-born and Geor- The purpose of fic- Gail Buckley, author Princeton University his- Luci Tapahonso,a gia-raised Carmen tion, said author Tim and daughter of singer- tory professor James poet and professor of Agra Deedy slipped O'Brien, is to try to actress Lena Home, McPherson, author of American Indian stud- into the accents and make you believe. "A said "America's history more than a dozen books ies and English at the characters of her tale good story hits the is full of extraordinary about the Civil War, posed University of Arizona, in relating the making whole human being wartime generations and two questions to his audi- Tucson,greetedthe of "The Yellow Star," in the stomach, in the extraordinaryheroes, ence about the Battle of guests at the White her prize-winning book heart, in the nape of but we have never really Antietam, when 6,000 House ceremony open- for children. the neck. I'm a believer seen the whole picture died and 17,000 were ing the book festival in stories, and that's of American greatness. woundedormissing: in her native Navajo why I'm here today," Fortoolong,great 'What could justify such a language and then in O'Brien told his audi- black generations were slaughter? Was anything English. ence at the National left out; making history accomplished?" Book Festival. whole is about uncover- 236 ing the secrets." INFORMATION BULLETIN

e illustrator of more than 70 children'sThose yarns he heard from the cow-feathers and black-rimmed glasses books. Mrs. Bush lingered on thehands while he was growing up hadperched on her nose, read with grounds after Mrs. Putin left for abeen told and retold for generationspassion from some 17th-century reception and luncheon in her honorin the West. He set those stories toletters of Galileo's daughter, Suor in the Jefferson Building. rhyme and meter, expanded hisMaria Celeste Galilei. She told her The voices heard by Mrs. Bush andwriting from "cowboy jargon" tostory of finding and translating the other festival visitors throughoutexperiences common to all people,letters from which she spun her the day told the stories of America'sand found a new audience. Henarrative that brought to life the peopletheir hardships and theirhelped start a new tradition ofscientist whose heavenly discover- ease, their personal struggles, hopes, cowboy poetry festivals that puties changed forever the earth's place fears, and triumphs, their mistakesElko, Nev., on the map. in the universe. and strokes of genius, their courage In another pavilion, scholar and As the afternoon darkened, hun- and spirit. Some told stories fromaward-winning science writer Davadreds gathered to listen, riveted, other times and other lands. Sobel, in a perky red hat with blackto outdoor adventurer Erik Wei- As writers spoke of the power of words to change and empower lives, one had only to watch an audience Michaels McNichol to witness the magic of languageThe Georgia Sea Island Dancers perform in the Storytelling Pavilion. to transport listeners to other places and other times, to evoke laughter or expressions of compassion or sorrow or joy, to provoke curiosity and questions that could be answered by reading another book, to share the human experience. Many who performed told their own stories, or revealed the origins of their work. In the storytellers' pavilion, Waddie Mitchell, a working cowboy for 26 years, talked about growing up on a ranch at the end of a dirt road 60 miles from the nearest town. He wore the outfit of his tradea huge black hat, white shirt, blue jeans, a silver-mounted belt, and bootsand kept his audience laughing with droll cowboy humor. "We had no TV, so we sat around at night and did the strangest thingwe told stories," he said.

Virginia attorney-turned- Anita Shreve followed The illustrator or author of Dava Sobel said of her 1999 Norman Bridwell, cre- writer David Baldacci, other career pathsas more than 70 books for bestseller, "Galileo's Daugh- ator of Clifford the Big astrong advocate of a teacher and then as children, Eric Cade found ter," which is based on 124 Red Doghis series books and reading, said a journalist in Africa himself correcting Laura surviving letters written by of books about Clifford he regards a rejection before turning to writing Bush as she pronounced Virginia, Galileo's eldest ille- has sold 100 million of a written work as "a fictionfulltime. She the title of his latest book, gitimate daughter, after she copies over the past badge of honor." It shows spoke about the impor- "Slowly,Slowly,Slowly became a nun: 'The fact 40 yearssaid he is that "you're writing, you're tance of place in her SaidtheSloth."Said that this person [Galileo], still trying to figure out trying, you're putting your- novels. "[Place] sounds Carle, "No, Mrs. Bush, who was presented as the "what makes Clifford self out there.... A rejection a note like a tuning fork. it's 'Sl000wly, Sl0000wly, great enemy of the Catholic the Big Red Dog so is only bad if it dissuades It sets my imagination Sl00000wly ... "'The audi- Church, had not one but two darn lovable." you from continuing to humming and allows enceas well as Mrs. daughters who were nuns, write; then you fail:' a tale to unravel in my Bushlaughed as he told was a powerful statement head." the story and made me think that NOVEMBER 2002 possibly everythingI had 237 learned about him was wrong;' she said. 2 A'1 0

s henmayer tell his story of goingagainst his first big boulderandsuch huge, vast sounds." blind as a child and discoveringchallenge. "I thought that's insane. "I knew then, 'I am not going that, although he couldn't play theHow do I stick to a rock face? So Ito play ball, but it doesn't matter sports he loved, baseball or basket-did it." His fingers and toes foundbecause I can climb. My hands ball, he could climb a mountain. Atniches in the rock, and he could pulland my feet will be my eyes,"' he a New Hampshire climbing camphis body up and up to the top, whererecalled. Since then, he has continu- he attended at age 13, he came uphe could stand and "feel the space,ally transcended his physical limitations. Trekking over ice and snow, balancing on rungs tossed over Michaela McNichol Sharon Robinson, daughter of legendary baseball hero Jackie Robin-bottomless ice chasms, and scaling son and vice president of educational programming for Major Leaguevertical cliffs, he has felt his way to the top of Mt. Everest and back, and Baseball, autographs "Jackie's Nine: Jackie Robinson's Values to Liveto the summits of Mt. McKinley in By" for a young reader. Alaska, Mt. Aconcagua in Argen- tina, Mt Kilimanjaro on the border of Tanzania and Kenya, and other peaks, with the goal of becoming one of the youngest climbers to ascend all of the Seven Summits, the highest peaks on each of the seven

co' continents. "My book ["Touch the Top of the World "] is about leadership and courage," he said. He shared some stories about the courage of his disabled friends, a paraplegic who was the first to peddle around the world with his arms, and a disabled team with whom he climbed in Moab, Utah. "I carried a 180-pound para- ^) r*, plegic down a mountain. He had his arms locked around my neck and was shouting, 'Go right! Go left!' I felt like some kind of computer joy stick, a slightly defective joy stick," he said, laughing with his audience at the image. "Courage is the greatest word in the English language," he said. "Courage is contagious. We give all those around us courage to do great 4 things." His audience came to their

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As elegantly dressed Cowboy storyteller Vine Deloria Jr. of the Henry Louis Gates Jr., "I think with my fingers," as their novels are writ- Waddle Mitchell talked Standing Rock Sioux, chair of Afro-American said Jim Lehrer, nation- ten, the mother-daughter about growing up on a is the author of more Studies at Harvard Uni- ally known public broad- team of Mary Higgins ranch at the end of a than 20 books and the versity, recalled how he caster and novelist. "I Clark and Carol Higgins dirt road 60 miles from recipient of the 1996 discovered and acquired can write anywhere; it Clark wooed their book the nearest town. "We Native American Writers the 1850s manuscript of is a natural act for me." festival audience with had no TV, so we sat Circle Lifetime Achieve- "The Bondswoman's He told his audience,

spicy stories, witty one- around at night and did ment Award. "Instead of Narrative." "I knew I "I've been writing novels liners, and insights into the strangest thingwe fighting over the idea of was onto something," longer than I've been on their success. told stories,"he said. beginnings," he said, the he said, when he dis- television; you just didn't focus should be a better covered that the people know about it!" understanding of earth named in the manuscript history. "Then we can had actually existed. talk about how we think 238 things originated." INFORMATION BULLETIN no

SS public library. She moved along the shelves, closed her eyes, reached out and picked one volume, and took it to a table. She opened the book, read Thornton Wilder's lyrical description of the Aegean Sea on the first page of "The Cabala and the Woman of Andros," and knew she had to have that book. No local bookstore had it, so she stole it from the library. "Today, she is the chairman of her department and a distinguished professor of English at one of our fine universities," McCullough said. "I'm not going to tell you who she is, because she still has the book." After his talk, even though it was dark and he already had signed hundreds of books for an hour and a half, McCullough paused to sign still more. "Please, Mr. McCullough," pleaded a young girl, pushing through a crowd to hand him her paperback edition of "John Adams." "I started this at Christmas, and from the first page, I couldn't put it down until I read it all." Vivian Ronay The Librarian joins first ladies Ludmila Putin and Gail Fineberg is the editor of the Library's staff newspaper, The Laura Bush at an early morning White House cer- Gazette. emony that opened the National Book Festival. feet, applauding and whooping, as they did again a few minutes later, in appreciation of their festival host, Librarian of Congress James Billington, who shared the limelight with "all those people in the blue shirts who deserve all the credit for putting on this wonderful festival," and for his guest, Pulitzer Prize-winning biographer David McCullough. McCullough spoke from the heart, about Billington, "the best Librarian of Congress we ever had," about Laura Bush ("I don't think we ever had as first lady anyone who so loved and furthered the cause of booksat least not since Abigail Adams"), about the Library ("This is the greatest library in the country and in the world. For me this is hallowed ground"). He spoke of the power of books and libraries to change lives. He told a story about a bored young girl, 12, who, with nothing better to do in a small Califor- nia town, ventured into a place she had never been, a

44t. S . Nte.

Famous forhis Joe Haynes Johnson, Pulitzer Veteran journalist David Theodore Roosevelt's Pulitzer Prize-win- Leaphorn/Jim Chee Prize-winning journalist, Halberstam lives only biographer,Edmund ningauthor David Navajo mystery novels, spent six years working on a few blocks from New Morris, described the McCullough, in con- Tony Hillerman gave his latest book 'The Best of York firehouse Engine 26th president as "the cluding the days events, credit to his mother for Times: The Boom and Bust 40, Ladder 35, which most book loving presi- called the Library of influencing his devel- Years of America Before and sent 13 men to help at dent" after Thomas Jeffer- Congress "the greatest opment as a writer: After Everything Changed." the World Trade Center son. "As a young Harvard library in the country "She read to us and Said Johnson, "Tragically, on September 11, 2001. student, Roosevelt once and in the world.For made sure that we had the story I tell turned out to He wrote "Firehouse" he said 'reading with me is me thisishallowed somethingtoread," be a story of squander, lost said, because"! wanted a disease," according to ground." even though the family opportunities. We allowed to know who they were Morris, whose biography lived a long way from a ourselves to be diverted.... and why they did what "The Rise of Theodore library. We paid no attention to the theydid." Twelveof Roosevelt" won the Pulit- gathering foreign storms them died. zer Prize and the American or the looming economic NOVEMBER 2002 Book Award in 1980. 239 collapse." Children were especially welcome at and appreciative of the events, displays, and performances at the National Book Festival. Photos by Vivian Ronay. I

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emembering

To commemorate the one-year anniversary of terrorist attacks on the United States, the Library of Congress sponsoreda series of events, seminars, and an exhibition looking back and remembering the events and casualites of the day. The following articles describe three of these Library-sponsored events. `Portraits of Grief' New York Times Panel Describes Powerful Series

By DONNA URSCHEL fact, an official list of names was not released for almost a 'Thanks to television footage and digital photographs,year). Because Times reporter Janny Scott could not write 1 America and the world knew immediately what hap-the story she was assigned every day to do about the vic- pened to the buildings at the World Trade Center on Sep-tims, she wrote another story about the missing-person tember 11, 2001. What we did not know, what the imagesflyers posted around the city by those seeking information could not tell us, was who those people were inside theabout people who had not shown up after the bombing. Twin Towers. Some flyers listed a name to call; some had only a phone "You can take a picture of a plane hitting a building, number. you can take a picture of a building falling down, but you "I went to the Metro desk and blurted out that we should can't take a picture of a person's dream, of potential thattake the flyers and start writing about them, one by one 'If was lost. And that was something we, as writers, couldwe can't call them dead, then we can call them missing,"' do with words," said New York Times reporter AnthonyScott recalled. De Palma. Quickly, her suggestion was adopted, but it was assistant De Palma and other Times reporters created a powerfulMetro editor Christine Kay's idea to focus on a single detail and unforgettable series of short articles illuminating thein the victim's life that would be emblematic of the way the lives of men and women who died at the World Tradeperson lived. She had been in charge of an earlier series of Center. The widely acclaimed series, "Portraits of Grief,"unconventional profiles called "Public Lives." "The stron- appeared daily during the early months after the attack andgest moments in those profiles occurred when the reporter continues to run occasionally. could distill a passion, an eccentricity, or a quirkiness in As of Sept. 18, 2002, the Times had profiled 2,280 of thethe character of the person. I thought if we could do that 2,801 victims. Of these, 1,910 profiles have been compiled with the missing people, it would make them less abstract," in a new 558-page hardcover book titled "Portraits 9/11" Kay explained. that is available for $30 in bookstores nationwide and in the "These were never supposed to be obituaries," she Library's Sales Shop. added. "These weren't bio stats or about people's profes- DePalma joined New York Times Metro editor Jona-sional accomplishments. These weren't people, the major- than Landman, assistant Metro editor Christine Kay, andity of them, whom you would write an obituary about in reporters Janny Scott and Jan Hoffman in a panel discus-the New York Times." sion of the series at the Library on Sept. 18. They revealed They were the dishwasher, the executive, and the fire- how the series came about, how it was written, and how itfighter, who were all treated in the same way, on an equal affected the country and the reporters themselves. Jeremyplaying field, she said. Adamson, chief of the Prints and Photographs Division, The Times staff compiled an unofficial list of victims moderated the panel. from the flyers, and reporters, researchers and all avail- Landman attributed the success of the series to the skillable hands were assigned to trace survivors who knew the of the reporters and their ability to interview family mem-missing. Reporter Jan Hoffman said, "Typically what you bers and write poignantly, but not sentimentally, about thewould get was a name and a phone number. I wouldn't victims. In the past year, 170 different reporters contributedknow who was going to answer the phone, if it was going to "Portraits of Grief." During the first few months, 15 to 20 to be a mother, a son ... So you just reach out into the reporters worked on the series at any given time. darkness and try not to be egregious, particularly in the "The craft is everything here," said Landman. "Withoutearly weeks when people were disbelieving, traumatized doing these well, they would not have been as effective." and undone by grief, and overwhelmed at the prospect of The series grew out of an unsolvable problem: the inabil-stitching together a life that's been shattered. It was, at best, ity of the Times to obtain an official list of the dead froma delicate business." the New York Police Department or the mayor's office (in On one occasion, the person answering her call screamed

242 ti.a INFORMATION BULLETIN iile" r- Ltt I

Vusef El-Amin Jeremy Adamson, chief of the Library's Prints and Photographs Division, New York Times assistant Metro editor Christine Kay, Metro editor Jonathan Landman, and New York Times reporters .Danny Scott, Anthony DePalma, and Jan Hoffman discuss the New York Times series, "Portraits of Grief." back, "I'm not dead!" did not feel like talking. "Because of the nature of the loss, Finding a source sometimes required persistence and I didn't want to nag. Sometimes I would call back and say, detective work, as in the case of Igor Zukelman, whose'Is this the time? Are you ready?'" Hoffman said. name DePalma had picked from the list of victims. "There Before calling surviving relatives directly, DePalma was no phone, no address, and no one knew who hewould "start in the outer circle." He would first talk to a worked for.... But as a reporter, you know there aren'tfriend, a co-worker or a relative of the immediate family that many Zukelmans in the area," he said. members and ask them to approach the family with the DePalma found three, and with the help of a Russianidea of an interview. He, too, would ask people to think community center, he was able to track down the correctover his request and tell them he would call back the next Zukelman family. DePalma read the Dec. 15, 2001, profileday or whenever they were ready. he produced, "Igor Zukelman: Ugly Car, Beautiful Dream," Hoffman and Scott asked just enough questions to start an unforgettable portrait of a hopeful young immigrantthe memories flowing. "One of the great lessons I learned who had saved money to buy his first car: "Nobody but a as a reporter was when the rambling began not to intervene scrap yard scout would give it a second look, but to Igorand not to steer it too much. It took time. It might take an Zukelman, the rather tired eight-year-old Toyota Cressidahour or an hour and a half, yet at some point you'd feel was a steel chariot, a three-dimensional symbol of his cher-them edge into the territory you were after," Hoffman ished dream of becoming an American." said. Zukelman became a citizen, enrolled in computer "The most important task was to put them at ease," school, married, had a son, and got a job with FiduciaryDePalma said. Trust Company. "He was proud that he worked on the Although some families rejected an interview request, 97th floor where he could see the whole city," Zukelman'smost people wanted to talk about their loved ones. "I was brother-in-law Alexander Shetman told DePalma. struck by the emotional generosity of these victims' survi- Some reporters preferred the telephone for the delicatevors," said Hoffman. "I found it actually very heartbreak- job of interviewing victims' families and friends. "There ising work," she continued. "For me, I fell in love with an something incredibly odd and intimate about the phone inawful lot of people through the voices of their survivors. I that situation," Scott said. "It felt like being in a darkenedwept with them." room, where you can't see the face of the person you're Some reporters, like Scott, who started the series, wrote speaking to, yet you're asking them to work themselves"Profiles" for a few weeks and then returned to other into a position where they feel comfortable to give you, assignments. It was Times policy to assign reporters to the not just run-of-the-mill stuff, but true and authentic kindsseries in two-week stints. But others, like Hoffman, could of information." stay on the assignment continuously. The reporters took care to tell their sources they were "I really felt it was an obligation," said Hoffman. "And I calling from the New York Times, why they were calling,never forgot that the person on the other end of the phone and what they were doing. Hoffman said she explainedhad it harder, worse than I did. I never forgot that. I really the purpose of the profiles and the manner in which shefelt this was work I had to do, and my comfort level was would conduct the interview. "I really wanted people notnot the issue." to be frightened," she said. "I wanted them to feel that they Landman said the impact of the series surprised the were a participant and that we had a common goal. ... AndTimes staff. "It was extraordinary. Suddenly, maybe two I would say to them 'When we hang up, you can always call weeks after we started, there came this barrage of letters me back.' Then I learned to say, 'If you like what you read, and e-mails, written in language I had not seen before: you take the credit, because it comes from you. If you don'tgratitude. Usually people who write newspapers are mad like it, blame it on me, 'cause I'm a lousy writer.'" about something," Landman said. "These profiles affected Hoffman and DePalma did not press their subjects if they continued on page 254

NOVEMBER 2002 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 2tm 243 * 0

* Lives and Treasures Taken 9/11 Attacks Destroy Cultural and Historical Artifacts

By DONNA URSCHEL They explained how corporations, non-profit organizations Overwhelmed by the loss of human life on Septemberand government entities in the World Trade Center and in 11, few Americans realize that the terrorist attacks nearby buildings contained irreplaceable records, including the also destroyed an important segment of America's culturalarchives of the Helen Keller International Foundation, the Port and historical legacy. Panelists examined the destructionAuthority and the Broadway Theatre Archives. Safety deposit of numerous records, artworks and archives in a Sept. 24 boxes and vaults of World Trade Center banks housed family discussion at the Library of Congress, "The Impact of Sep- records and heirlooms, including photographs documenting tember 11 on Cultural Heritage." the presidency of John F. Kennedy. Long also addressed the steps that can be taken by collecting institutions to safeguard their records and archives in emergency situations. Wenegrat, the first to speak, gave an overview of the high profile art in public spaces that was destroyed. He first explained that in 1969, as part of the planning of the World Trade Center, the Port Authority had adopted a "percent-for-art" program, allocating up to 1 percent of the construction costs to be spent for artworks in public spaces. "But you just don't go out and buy art," Wenegrat said. The Port Author- ity formally commissioned the pieces after recommendations from an advisory board of art experts, mainly from museums in the New York/New Jersey area, and knowledgeable lay people. The first art appeared at the World Trade Center in the early 1970s and the last, a memorial for the 1993 bombing of the center, in 1995. Among the artwork destroyed was the "WTC Plaza Sculpture," a large, black granite piece by Japanese artist Masayuki Nagare. Completed

Jim Higgins in 1972, it stood on the, plaza, at the Jeremy Adamson, chief of the Prints and Photographs Division, Saul S. Church Street entrance, 14 feet high Wenegrat, former director of the art program for the Port Authority, and and 34 feet wide. Jane Long, director of the Heritage Emergency National Task Force, led Also lost was one of the most a panel discussion of the impact of September 11 on the nation's cultural photographed pieces on the site, a artifacts. large, stainless steel sculpture called "Ideogram" by James Rosati of New York. It stood between the two Trade Panel members were Saul S. Wenegrat, former directorCenter towers. Wenegrat said the 25-foot piece appeared in of the art program for the Port Authority of New York andmany fashion industry ads. New Jersey, who commissioned and curated the public art Wenegrat described three other high-profile artworks that at the World Trade Center; and Jane Long, director of thewere destroyed. Heritage Emergency National Task Force. "The World Trade Center Tapestry" by Joan Miro, a 20-by- Wenegrat and Long described how the public spaces and 35-foot piece made of wool and hemp, adorned the lobby of 2 private offices of the World Trade Center were filled with World Trade Center. Wenegrat said Miro initially turned down works of art by hundreds of artists, including such luminar-the Port Authority's commission, because he didn't know how ies as Alexander Calder, Louise Nevelson, Pablo Picasso, to create tapestries. But several years later, at the urging of nuns Joan Miro, Roy Lichtenstein, Paul Klee, Auguste Rodin and in Spain who wanted a tapestry for their hospital, Miro learned Le Corbusier. the skill from a village tapestry maker.

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4. *o After Miro finished the piece for the World Trade Center, heof Rodin drawings and sculptures. Citigroup, Silverstein Prop- decided tapestries were too much work and would not makeerties, Marriott Hotel, Fred Alger Management and Nomura any more, according to Wenegrat. But Miro got a call from theSecurities also owned important art collections. National Gallery of Art in Washington, whose officials had seen On the 91st and 92nd floors of Tower One, the Lower Man- the center's tapestry, and wanted one for the new East Wing. hattan Cultural Council provided workspace to artists. The Wenegrat said Miro agreed to make one more tapestry. studios contained more than 400 pieces of art, the work of 27 Another dramatic piece was Louise Nevelson's 1978 "Skyartists-in-residence sponsored by the council. Gate, New York." It was a black painted wood relief that Long said that subterranean rooms beneath the center held graced the mezzanine of 1 World Trade Center, overlookingimportant archaeological artifacts from an 18th-century African the plaza. Wenegrat said Nevelson was inspired to create theburial ground, discovered in 1991 during the construction of a piece when she saw the skyline of New York on a flight fromfederal courthouse. The rooms also held archives from a 19th- Washington D.C. century working dass neighborhood, along with photographic The last public artwork that went into the World Trade Center and computer records documenting the excavation of the Five was a memorial fountain for the victims of the 1993 bombingPoints neighborhood. there. Sculpted by Elyn Zimmerman, it was placed right over At least 21 libraries, the majority related to law or financial the area where the bomb went off. Around the fountain was ainvestment, were lost, as well as the U.S. Customs Service small park offering a peaceful place for contemplation. Regional Library in 6 World Trade Center and almost the Wenegrat said the centerpiece of the World Trade Centercomplete archives of the Port Authority, responsible for build- Plaza, the Fritz Koenig "Sphere for Plaza Fountain," a colos-ing the area's bridges, tunnels, airports and public buildings, sal globe-like structure, survived somewhat intact. Koenig,which were located in Tower One. Some 60 non-profit organi- of Germany, designed the sphere to symbolize world peacezations and 22 federal government departments and agencies through world trade, the theme of the World Trade Center. The had offices in the World Trade Center. sphere stood 25 feet high. It was made of bronze and attached According to "Cataclysm and Challenge," losses included to a black granite base out of which flowed sheets of water. The priceless photographs and original letters of Helen Keller damaged sphere had been dented, ripped open and filled withand first editions of Keller's books; a portion of the Broadway fallen debris. The artwork was cleaned up and, on Wenegrat'sTheatre Archive's 35,000 photographs that captured great recommendation, placed on exhibit in a nearby park. moments of the American stage; and approximately 40,000 Also found were parts of an Alexander Calder piece callednegatives of photographs by Jacques Lowe documenting the "WTC Stabile." Made out of painted red steel and standing 25presidency of John F. Kennedy. The negatives had been stored feet high, the piece arrived in 1971. It was also known as 'The in a safe deposit vault. Cockeyed Propeller" and "Three Wings." The artwork moved The Pentagon sustained damage to its library, which con- around the plaza from time to time. On the day of the attacks, tained more than 500,000 books and documents and a historical it was in front of 7 World Trade Center, one of the buildings on collection that dated to the early 1800s. The report said a private the perimeter of the World Trade Center plaza. disaster recovery company was contracted to help stabilize the About 30 percent of the Calder piece was recovered, thanks collections. The restoration efforts, which cost $500,000, were to flyers describing it that were handed out to recovery work-ultimately successful in saving about 99 percent of the book ers at Ground Zero by Calder's grandson. Wenegrat said thecollection. The report said no historical materials housed in the artwork cannot be restored, but its pieces may come back to life library were harmed. in a different form. In addition to the library, 24 works in the art collections of the Wenegrat said the value of these destroyed pieces, as well asArmy, Navy, Air Force and Marine Corps at the Pentagon were those in other World Trade Center public places, is estimated destroyed, according to the report. at $15 million. Long said the story of cultural and historical loss continues After Wenegrat's presentation, Long discussed a compre- today. The extent of loss in private collections and some public hensive study that examined the nation's cultural losses atcollections may never be known, because of a lack of record- the World Trade Center and in the surrounding area and atkeeping. the Pentagon. The Heritage Emergency National Task Force, Institutions in lower Manhattan near the World Trade Center a partnership of 34 federal agencies and national associations that had standard, proven emergency management plans were founded with the Federal Emergency Management Agencyable to minimize damage from the toxic smoke and fumes in 1995, conducted the study. The report also evaluated howenveloping the area, according to Long. prepared the institutions had been to deal with any type of In light of the survey findings, Long said the task force emergency. is making five recommendations to collecting institutions: To gather information from the surrounding area, the task(1) integrate emergency management into all parts of plan- force sent a survey to 120 museums, libraries, archives andning, budget and operations; (2) address both protection of exhibit spaces located south of 14th Street in lower Manhattancollections and continuity of operations; (3) train all staff in and at the Pentagon. emergency procedures, not just those charged with specific Heritage Preservation published the task force's findingsresponsibilities such as security or engineering; (4) maintain in a 26-page report called "Cataclysm and Challenge." Longcomplete and updated collections inventories and place such said copies of the report are available by contacting Heritage records in off -site storage; and (5) "take a fireman out to lunch," Preservation toll-free at (888) 388-6789. or in other words, maintain a dialogue and friendly contact The report lists the value of the art in private collections at between emergency agencies and the institutions. the World Trade Centeralso destroyedat an estimated $100 million. Cantor Fitzgerald owned an extensive collection Donna lirschel is a freelance writer.

NOVEMBER 2002 245 Not-So-Comic Books Graphic Story Industry Responds to 9/11

BY DONNA URSCHEL tember 11, when the awful spectacle of airplanes flying into After the cataclysmic events of September 11, the comicthe World Trade Center, the Pentagon and the Pennsylvania ..book industry felt a need to respond, and in an unprec-farmland played over and over in the minds of fearful and edented action, comic book artists and publishers joinedvulnerable Americans, they felt a need to do something. forces to produce several publications on the terrorist "For the first time, those of us who have been working in attacks. This extraordinary collaboration and communalthe fantasy world of superheroes and super magicians sud- display of talent was the topic of a panel discussion atdenly found that the enemy we had always fictionalized was the Library on Oct. 2 suddenly here," Eisner titled "September 11th said. "The mythologi- Comic Book Artists cal imagery used in and Illustrators." comic books the last Panel members 70yearssuddenly were Will Eisner, a came to life," he said. legendaryartistin Familiarity with that thefieldof comics imagery is one sig- and graphic novels; nificant reason why Paul Levitz, president cartoon artists, among and publisher of DC all the other artists in Comics in New York; various fields, "rose Jeff Mason, publisher almost unanimously" of Alternative Comics; to the task of respond- Peter Kuper, a noted ing artistically to 9/11, comics artist and co- Eisner explained. founderof"World Each artistand War 3 Illustrated"; and publisher on the panel Trina Robbins, a lead- voiced this compelling ing comics writer and need and readiness to artist. Harry Katz, head respond artistically. curator of Prints and Robbins, a San Fran- Photographs, moder- cisco artist and writer, ated the panel. who was visiting New The highly regarded York City one week works these artists and after the attacks, said, publishers created, "I saw the memorials, along with hundreds the 'missing' posters, ofothercontribu- the photographs of the tors from the comics missing people with world, include a two- their dogs, with their part anthology, "9-11, wives and children, Artists Respond, Vol. and that's when it 1"and"9-11,The struck me. These were World's Finest Comic people, human beings, BookWritersand individuals, not some Artists Tell Stories to kindofsymbol. I Remember, Vol.2." wanted to do some- Two othergraphic thing. A lot of people books produced were went to give blood, but

"9-11 Emergency Relief' Yusef El-Amin they didn't need blood. and "World War 3 Illus- Katherine Blood, assistant curator for fine prints, exam- So what could I do?" trated." Ines samples of cartoon work. Robbins realized the Thepublications one thing she could do were on display in was pick up pen and paper and create a work that reflected an exhibition, "Witness and Response: September 11her emotions. The story she wrote, which was illustrated by Acquisitions at the Library of Congress," which was onAnne Timmons, appeared in "9-11, Artists Respond, Vol. 1." view at the Jefferson Building from Sept. 7 to Nov. 2. It depicted a cranky traveler in an airport who encounters As the panel members explained, in the days after Sep-a patient, pleasant, older woman headed to New York for

246 INFORMATION BULLETIN Yusef Panel members, from left: Harry Katz, head curator of Prints and Photographs at the Library; legendary artist Will Eisner; leading comics writer and artist Trina Robbins; Peter Kuper, co-founder of "World War 3 Illustrated"; Jeff Mason, publisher of Alternative Comics; and Paul Levitz, president and publisher of DC Comics

the memorial service of her son, whoThe profits from his "9-11 Emergencynot any anger or hatred at the terror- worked on the 104th floor at the WorldRelief" will be donated to the Ameri-ists or Arabs in general. In contrast, Trade Center. can Red Cross. Eisner pointed out that during World Levitz said Robbins touched on the Vast destruction of New York CityWar II, the enemies, the Germans and archetypal cartoonist reaction: "I wentwas a topic explored for many yearsJapanese, were clearly depicted as the out to give blood, but they didn't needby Kuper in his "World War 3 Illus-bad guys, and caricatures of their evil- blood. Well, my blood is ink." trated," which was first published ness were a significant part of cartoons Levitz said DC Comics knew imme- in 1980. "I had been contemplatingat the time. diately it wanted to do something innuclear holocaust and addressing it in "A lot of us didn't want to be anti- response to the attacks. The companythe comics, but I had a hard time con-Arab. We tried hard not to be like that. sent an invitation to 1,400 writers andfronting destruction in reality," KuperI don't want to blame an entire ethnic artists to see if they were interestedsaid. It took him several days before hegroup for a few maniacs," Robbins in contributing to a special issue.could believe the events of Septemberresponded. "The response was phenomenal," he11 actually happened, and he had to Panel members acknowledged that said. To quickly produce Vol. 2 of thewalk around Ground Zero to come tothe body of work was more of a memo- anthology, Levitz chose to edit theterms with the horrific event. rial, and cartoonists today are part of book himself. "Editing was something Like the other artists and publishers,a wider cultural-exchange and much I haven't done in 20 years," he said. Kuper felt compelled to do somethingmore sensitive to people who live in Profits from the two-volume anthol- in the wake of the attacks, and thethis country. ogy will be donated to charities thatresult was a special September 11 On the whole, the 9/11 anthologies aid victims, families and communitiesissue, in which New York artists "tryaccomplished a number of things for affected by September 11. AOL-Timeto make sense out of the incomprehen-comic artists and illustrators, accord- Warner, the parent company of DCsible." ing to Mason. Journalists are now Comics, was able to make arrange- Inthesecircumstances, Kuperpaying attention to and covering ments quickly with the charities, dis-found the medium of comic art to begraphic comic books. Hence, the suc- tributors and printers involved, Levitzimmensely appropriate. "There was ancess of the books has given cartoonists said. The printers did not charge forimmediacy with which all of us couldand publishers "a feeling that what their work, and the ink and paperget pen to paper, paper to printer andthey're creating may actually be lis- manufacturers contributed to the costbook to store. It's a confirmation,tened to by a greater audience," said of the project. again, how the medium is so vital. It'sMason. Mason, an attorney in Florida whoheartening to see how many people Levitz concluded, "The fact that publishes Alternative Comics as anfrom the field felt compelled to movewe're here today, talking about this, in avocation, knew he wanted a "reac-like this and how the books came outthe Library of Congress, is very rein- tion-type book" to the terrorist attacks.in a short period of time," he said. forcing to cartoonists, artists, writers "It will take years for adequate reflec- In further discussion, panel mem-and publishers. And I hope it will lead tion. But I wanted to get an immediatebers examined the content of the 9/11to many more good things." sense of what people were thinkingcomics, which mostly depicted sorrow, and get it down on paper," he said.grief and disbelief over the events but Donna Urschel is a freelance writer.

NOVEMBER 2002 247 73,c * o

She'son the Money First Foreign-Born U.S. TreasurerDelivers Hispanic Keynote

By AUDREY FISCHER can," said Marin. "Only in Americajust for her child, but for other disabled president George Bush made his-can a woman rise to become its Trea-children. 1 tory on Aug. 16, 2001, when hesurer." "I needed to become a voice for the appointed Rosario Marin to the posi- But Marin was not always eager tovoiceless, help for the helpless, espe- tion of United States Treasurer. Abecome an American. As a 14-year-oldcially for Latino families with disabled native of Mexico, Marin is the first for-girl on the eve of her "quinceanera" children." eign-born U.S. Treasurer. The broader (young girl's coming of age celebra- Thus began her career in public historic significance of the eventwas tion), Marin was reluctant to come to the not lost on Marin, who delivered the service that would lead to a series of United States. Her family compromised appointments in California Gov. Pete Library's Hispanic Heritage Monthby traveling back to Mexico for what keynote address on Sept. 24. Wilson's administration, including chair Marin described as a "small fiesta on the of the State Council on Developmental "There have been fewer U.S. Treasur-patio of my poor home." Disabilities. She went on to serve as ers than U.S. Presidents," noted Marin. For Marin, who did not know shewas "I am the 41st treasurer and George councilwoman and mayor of Hunting- poor until she came to the United States,ton Park, a city of 85,000 residents with a Bush is the 43rd president. In fact,prospects for success in the states were99 percent Hispanic population. the first U.S. Treasurer was appointednot promising initially. She recalled the As mayor, she met former Gov. of 14 years before George Washingtondays prior to mastering the English became president." Texas George Bush who was thenrun- language. ning for president. After he was elected Marin credits her adopted country "I scored 27 on an I.Q. test, while a for giving her the opportunity to president, he appointed Marin to her suc- score of 70 is considered to be 'retarded.' current position as U.S. Treasurer. ceed. But I knew that it only meant I didn't "As proud as I am of my Hispanic "I am humbled and honored by this speak the language. It gave me theprivileged position," said Marin. "But I heritage, I am alsoresolve to learn English." never could have achieved this without very proud Three years later, Marin graduatedmy diploma. We must make sure that all to be anwith honors from high school, in theof our children are encouraged to take Ameri- top 20 of a class of 500. It would take her full advantage of the educationaloppor- another seven years to graduate from tunities this country has to offer." college by attending night school at Marin lamented the fact that there is California State University of Los Ange- a 40 percent high school drop-out rate les, having worked full time during theamong Hispanics. Of those who gradu- day. ate from high school, only 22 percent "I was so proud of my little diploma, attend college. Of those 22 percent, only which hangs in my office today,"11 percent graduate from college four beamed Marin. "I earned it. I realizedyears later. early on that education is extremely "That I believe is a terrible waste of important. It is the key to unlockingpotential, not just for Hispanics, but for many doors of opportunity in this great the whole country," Marin said. nation." In discussing the concept of America Marin began her career as assistantas a "melting pot," Marin challenged to the receptionist in the City Nationalthe old model of assimilation. "This Bank in Los Angeles. Remarkably, shehas always been the premise and the was promoted to vice president afterpromise of America since its founding. just six years. But assimilation can mean that people "Life was wonderful, but then Godlose their colorful and unique identi- decided he had different plans for me," ties." Instead, she asked the audience to said Marin who went on to explain that consider America as "a mosaic, in which her first childa son named Ericwaseach individual contributes to the whole born with Down's Syndrome. She had and all the dots comprise a beautifulnew to quit the master's degree in business pattern." program in which she was enrolled and "America gives us all a chance," she make other financial sacrifices. concluded. "I can tell you unequivo- "Suddenly everything you work forcally that this is the greatest country in comes crashing down," said Marin,the world." "but I soon learned the reason God sent me this child." Before long, Marin Audrey Fischer is a public affairs specialist found herself in the role of advocate, not in the Public Affairs Office.

Chanynn Pyne United States Treasurer Rosario Marin INFORMATION BULLETIN 274 *

* s `Someone Willing to Serve' Rep. Baca Honors Veterans in Hispanic Heritage Speech

By DONNA URSCHEL Baca credited the military with giving him the discipline Latino veterans need to tell their stories of military serviceand motivation to attend college and pursue a career path so future generations can appreciate their contributionsthat led to the U.S. Congress. The youngest of 15 children, to society, said Rep. Joe Baca (D-Calif.) in a speech Oct. 1 at Baca graduated from high school unsure of what he wanted the Library to mark Hispanic Heritage Month and to pro-to do in life. A friend persuaded him to choose military ser- mote Latino participation in the Veterans History Project. vice, with the goal of becoming a paratrooper. In 1966, he "Too often we forget our veterans and their contributionvolunteered for the draft. to society. We forget that the freedoms we have here today "I probably wouldn't be here in the United States Con- exist because there was someone willing to serve. A man orgress if it had not been for the military, because it provided a woman was always willing to step up to the plate and fight for me the kind of leadership and guidance that I needed. It for this country," he said. gave me the opportunity to build my own personal leader- "What we're doing here today is honoring the many sac-ship and my own character, in terms of what I wanted to do rifices of our veterans. This is the same goal of the Veteranswhen I returned. It gave me an opportunity to receive an History Project, to pay tribute to our veterans, to gather their education, because during that period of time we had the stories so future generations can hear them," Baca said. G.I. Bill. And I decided that I wanted to go back to school," The Veterans History Project, through Baca said. . the Library's American Folklife Center, The future congressman returned collects and preserves oral histories and home and earned a bachelor's degree in documentary materials from veterans sociology from California State Univer- and those who served in support of sity, Los Angeles. He started as a high them in World War I, World War II, school counselor, worked for 15 years and the Korean, Vietnam and Persian in community relations, built a business Gulf Wars. with his wife, Interstate World Travel in A veteran of the Vietnam War, who San Bernardino, and served in the Cali- served in the U.S. Army as a paratrooper fornia legislature for seven years. in both the 101st and 82nd Airborne After his election to the California Divisions from 1966-68, Baca said he is Assembly in 1992, he was elected proud to be a veteran and he is proud speaker pro tempore, the first Hispanic of the many other Latinos who have to hold the position since California served. joined the Union in 1850. "When I look at all the contributions He was elected to the U.S. House of that Hispanics have made, I'm proud. I Representatives in November 1999 in a don't know what it is within ourselves special election, and he was re-elected to but it always seems like we're at the Jason Lee a full two-year term in November 2000. front of the line, willing to serve our Rep. Joe Baca (D-Calif.) As a member of Congress, Baca's goal country," Baca said. is to pay respect to the veterans and to Baca said he was talking recently to young Latinos fromaddress their needs. "I'll continue to fight for veterans. All California about the Iraq situation. "They were willing to go of us must do that. Not only members of Congress and the right now to Iraq. They're willing to fight for this country,legislature, but we as community members, the members of because they know the importance of what it means in terms this country, must continue to honor veterans and recognize of the freedoms we enjoy. They're willing to be on the frontthe importance of their contribution and their sacrifices," lines to face our national enemies." he said. Latinos represent about 8 percent of military personnel "There's not enough that we're doing for veterans. We've and 4 percent in the officer ranks, he said. Latinos havegot to do more," said Baca, who then asked the audience received 40 of the more than 3000 Congressional Medals ofto join him in a moment of silence to remember those who Honor awarded. have died. "Why have Latinos been drawn to the military? Over the "I'm glad to be here to join you in celebrating the Veterans years the military has been a way for Latinos to get an educa- History Project and Hispanic Heritage Month, and I'll con- tion, start a career. There is discrimination in this country,tinue to fight on behalf of veterans." yet we'll fight for this country because we believe overall Baca concluded, "I'm a veteran, a proud veteran, and I'm that it is a great country," Baca said. glad to have served this country. I will honor everyone who He urged Latino veterans to take part in the Veteranshas served this country and continues to serve this country. History Project so "future generations can hear us tell ourLet's all stand together to make sure we continue to do that, stories in our own ways. They must hear it from differentbecause we're here because of them." perspectives, not just what you read in the history books. That's just one perspective." Donna Urschel is a freelance writer.

NOVEMBER 2002 249 V-1.1 c OF

5 Good for What Ails You Poet Laureate Billy Collins Opens Fall Literary Season

BYYVONNE FRENCH through in many of his poems, including "No Time": A Billy Collins reading is an antidote for today's troubled and tumultuous world. He condenses humor into the In a rush this weekday morning, last couple of beats before a pause in his poems, which is I tap the horn as I speed past the cemetery particularly effective when read aloud. There's a certain ba- where my parents are buried duh-bump to the meter of his verse. side by side under a smooth slab of granite. He drew more than a few laughs at the opening reading of his second term as Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry at Then, all day long, I think of him rising up the Library of Congress on Oct. 9. His droll humor comes to give me that look of knowing disapproval while my mother calmly tells him to lie back down.

Collins, a professor at Lehman College in the Bronx, seems not to have left the classroom, although he is on leave while he serves as the nation's lead poetry advocate. The Montpe- lier Room audience of about 175 was full of adoring college students as well as the regular crowd of cultured retirees and poetry lovers. Collins instructed them to take up poetry, to try writing with respect and humor about one's dead parents, for example. He advised them against writing a master's thesis about his propensity for including salt shakers and pepper mills in poems... and matches, and mice, and, in the words of Prosser Gifford, director of the Office of Scholarly Programs, "death, light, house and home, all in imperturbable words that take flight into dream. He transmutes the quotidian moment into surprise and reflection." Collins said that he tries to "net" and "arrest" a moment. "I have a crackpot analogy that if matter is made of atoms and you accelerate it, smash it, and the result is energy, [similarly] time is made of moments, and if you smash the moment by bearing down your attention on it, then moments are able to release energy." He did just that when he read "Love," from his most recent book, "Nine Horses" (Random House, 2002). He said he was riding on a train and took a verbal photograph of what he saw, a young man greeting a girl and watching her place her cello in an overhead rack:

I saw him looking up at her and what she was doing in the way the eyes of saints are painted

when they are looking up at God when he is doing something remarkable, something that identifies him as God.

Collins explained that "Nine Horses" is about the "piece of art I have in my house that ended up serving as the cover." He wrote in the title poem that the tableau of nine white horse heads "looks down upon these daily proceedings... down upon this table and these glasses, / the furled napkins, / the

Michaels McNichol Poet Laureate Billy Collins enjoying the National Book Festival It- INFORMATION BULLETIN 4, evening wedding of the knife and the fork." what he describes in some of his poems: recede. He got the biggest laugh for his poem, "The Lanyard," From "Royal Aristocrat," homage to an old typewriter, which juxtaposes all his mother ever did for him with his gift he read, "Still, at least I was making noise, / adding to the of a lanyard of woven plastic that he made her at summergreat secretarial din, / that chorus of clacking and bells, / camp. He said, "Billy boy believes that you can also make thousands of desks receding into the past." And in "Albany," an equally useless ceramic mug with no handle. ... Amonganother train poem in "Nine Horses," he wrote: mothers, those are known as 'lanyard holders.'" Though he read from three of his six books of poetry, Col- As I sat on the sunny side of train #241 lins did not read his commemorative poem, "The Names," looking out the window at the Hudson River, which he wrote at the request of Congress for its special ses- topped with a riot of ice, sion at Federal Hall in New York City on Sept. 6, 2002. 'The it appeared to the untrained eye Names" alphabetically chronicles some of the names of those that the train was whizzing north along the rails killed on September 11, 2001. In his first year as poet laureate, Collins launched a new that link New York City and Niagara Falls. Web site called Poetry180(www.loc.gov/poetry/180), But as the winter light glared designed to encourage the appreciation and enjoyment of off the white river and the snowy fields, poetry in America's high schools. The site contains the text I knew that I was as motionless as a man on a of 180 poems that Collins selected (one for each day of the couch school year), suggestions for different ways to present a poem in a school setting, and guidance on how best to read a poem and that the things I was gazing at aloud. As he said at the time, "Hearing a poem every day, with affection, I should add especially well-written, contemporary poems that students do were really the ones that were doing the not have to analyze, might convince students that poetry can moving, be an understandable, painless, and even eye-opening part of running as fast as they could their everyday experience." on their invisible legs Collins said that his next project is to make poetry available in the opposite direction of the train. ... on one of the channels available to air travelers through head- phones, and he has already made some contacts with the in- As one reviewer wrote of Collins recently, "He could be flight entertainment industry to move the project forward. our next Robert Frost." Collins may be the perfect poet laureate for our time thoughtful, ironic, intelligent and understandable. And it Yvonne French is senior writer-editor in the Office of the would be best to catch one of his readings before he does Librarian.

Michaele McNichol Billy Collins, now in his second term as Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry at the Library of Congress, speaks in the Children & Young Adults Pavilion II at the National Book Festival.

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BEST COPY AVAILABLE One Year Later, One Ocean Apart Conference Covers German-American Relations Post-9/11

By DAVID B. MORRIS attacks. He was sharply critical, however, of the German On Sept. 10, the European Division hosted an all-day con- government's refusal to support military intervention ference on German-American relations one year afterin Iraq, even under a U.N. mandate, and of Chancellor the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. The conferenceGerhard Schroder's use of this issue to gain support in the was co-hosted by the American Institute for Contemporaryfederal election campaign. Remarking on what he saw as a German Studies of Johns Hopkins University and the Center"low priority given to fighting terrorism in Germany" and for German and European Studies of the University of Cali-a "refusal to confront the problem of Iraq," the congressman fornia, Berkeley. asked whether Germany will "lead, follow or step aside" in Four panels examined how the attacks of September the effort to combat terrorism and deal with other important 11 affected the German-American relationship in each ofinternational issues. four different areas: defense and foreign policy, domestic In his luncheon address, Ambassador Ischinger offered security, economic relations and mutual perceptions. In an a German perspective on these questions. He stressed the effort to examine the issues from the perspectives of both "unlimited solidarity" with the United States that Schroder countries, each panel consisted of a German and an Ameri- proclaimed soon after the attacks and the high degree can expert. In addition to the ofcooperationbetween panelists, speakers included German and American law James H. Billington, Librar- enforcement. However, he ian of Congress; Rep. Gil also noted that there was Gutknecht (R-Minn.), vice strong opposition among chairman of the Congres- the German public and its sional Study Group on Ger- American Institute for political leadership to a war many; Wolfgang Ischinger, Contemporary in Iraq and stated that there Ambassador of the Federal German Studies was little chance of obtain- Republic of Germany to the Plc )1Ing fl Akins tamem) L ing, absent unambiguous United States; and Robert proof of a link between Iraq Hunter, former U.S. Ambas- and a real terrorist act, the sador to NATO. parliamentary mandate nec- The timing of the con- essary to go to war. ferencewasauspicious, Theindividualpanels

as it took place on the eve AICGS provided the opportunity of the first anniversary of Ambassador WolfgangIschinger of the Fed- for German and American the attacks and with 12 eral Republic of Germany gave the luncheon experts to grapple with spe- days remaining in a hotly address. cific aspects of these broad contested German federal issues. In the panels devoted election campaign in which transatlantic differences overto defense and foreign policy, the participants argued that major foreign policy questions had begun to overshadowboth countries have contributed, either by action or inaction, the German-American relationship to a degree not seen into the escalation of tensions in the relationship. decades. As a result, issues such as the use of military force Joachim Krause, director of the Institute for Security against Iraq, the appropriateness of multilateral versusPolicy at the University of Kiel, claimed that "the current unilateral responses to the terrorist threat, and differentU.S.-German debate about Iraq is a typical example of a attitudes between the two countries on basic issues of warregional crisis turning into a transatlantic crisis because of and peace dominated the conference and made for livelywrongdoings and lack of professionalism on both sides." discussion. He criticized the United States' brusque abandonment of The duality between the historically close German-Ameri- international agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol and can relationship and the recent round of escalating tensionsthe International Criminal Court as detrimental to the kind was a recurrent theme. While highlighting the Library'sof international cooperation and goodwill the United States vast German collections as a monument to the importancenow seeks from others in the war against terrorism. But he of the historical links between the two countries, Billingtonalso reproached the German government for taking up the remarked that "the success and longevity of any relation-Iraq issue in a populist way in order to win the upcoming ship, between states as between people, depends on howelections and for ignoring the roots of the problem and the successfully it meets the challenges that inevitably test itgenuine inadequacies of past diplomatic efforts to solve it. over time." Similarly, Stephen Szabo, professor of European Studies at In his keynote speech, Gutknecht praised the strong ties the Johns Hopkins Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced Inter- between both countries since the end of World War II and national Studies, spoke of the strengths and weaknesses both the outpouring of support for the United States among the sides bring to the German-American relationship. Pointing German people and their leaders following the terrorist continued on page 255

252 `.78 INFORMATION BULLETIN Plumbing Depths to Reach New Heights Marie Tharp Explains Marine Geological Maps

By RACHEL EVANS and in 1964, the Indian Ocean. Heezen completed 33 cruises Imagine dropping a rope with a cannon ball tied to the end on the Vema without Tharp on board, because women of it into the ocean to measure depth. Or dropping dyna-were not allowed on the ship at the time. After 1965, when mite into the ocean and waiting for it to hit the bottom andTharp accompanied Heezen for the first time on Vema 34, explode. Then imagine using that information to calculatethey revised the map of the Atlantic Ocean twicein 1968 the depth of the ocean. and 1972. "The data increased because the technology A magnificent collection of maps created from researchincreased," said Tharp. done in just this way was Tharp remembers draft- donated to the Library's ing maps many times over Geographyand Map because of the numerous Division (G&M) in 1995 times the scale changed. by geologist/cartographer First, she drafted in fath- Marie Tharp, who drew oms, then in corrected the maps from informa- fathoms, and finally, in tion collected by Bruce the metric system. When Heezen, a marine geolo- asked if she ever felt as if gist. Tharp and Heezen's giving up would be easier, work constituted the first Tharp said, "discovering comprehensive mapping things all the time was part of the ocean floor. of the fun. It was the era of Tharp is now assisting discovery." G&M asLibrarystaff Curiosity is what drove sort through the collec- Tharp to a career as a car- tion of more than 40,000 tographer. She received items ranging from water her first degree in English data and geologic and at Ohio University and, earthquake information, I after seeing an advertise- to gravity data, reference ment for women to study maps, technical journals, geology, she headed for reports, physiographic the University of Michi- diagramsand Heezen gan. With her degree in and Tharp's ocean floor geology, she started work- maps for all of the world's ing for an oil company oceans. in Oklahoma. She knew In1947, Tharp and this wasn't for her and Heezen began working decided to go to night together at Columbia Uni- school to earn a degree versity's Lamont-Doherty in mathematics. She then Geological Laboratory to moved on to Columbia systematically define the Rachel Evans University and became earth's submarine topog- Former Associate Librarian for Library Services involved with a group raphy, an immense task. Winston Tabb and Librarian of Congress James at the Lamont-Doherty Before they began their H. Billington meet with geologist/cartographer Earth Observatory, where research, knowledge of MarieTharp to review her pioneering effort (along she met Heezen. the ocean floor was lim- with that of marine geologist Bruce Heezen) to Before their work on ited mainly to the harbors chart the floor of the Atlantic Ocean. ocean maps, Heezen and and shallow coastal areas Tharp worked with data necessary for the safe navigation of surface ships. Heezenfrom deep sea cameras to help find downed airplanes during researched and recorded ocean floor data aboard the Vema, World War H. They discovered deep valleys along the ocean the Lamont ship, while Tharp drew the maps. The phys-floor where U. S. submarines could hide from the enemy. iographic diagrams that Tharp constructed from Heezen'sThey also discovered where and how transatlantic cables research represented the first comprehensive study of oceanwere being broken. floor topography and greatly expanded public awareness In addition, Tharp confirmed the existence of a north-south and understanding of ocean floor relief. mountain ridge that flanked a continuous valley running down In 1959, Tharp and Heezen completed their first map ofthe center of the Atlantic. She used the location of earthquakes the North Atlantic; in 1961, they covered the South Atlantic; continued on page 255

NOVEMBER 2002 253 L .444111, 'es

John Nelson Seated, left to right: Hugh Heclo, Judith Margaret Brown, the Librarian, Prosser Gifford, Gertrude Himmel- farb, Jaroslov Pelikan; standing, left to right: James Turner, Baruch Blumberg, Bruce Mazlish, Toru Haga, Robert Fogel, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Sara Castro-Klaren, Amartya Sen, John Searle, William Julius Wilson, Bronislaw Geremek, Bernard Bailyn. Not pictured: Vyacheslav Ivanov, Walter McDougall, Wole Soyinka, Mario Vargas-Llosa Kluge Center Welcomes Scholars Chairs and Fellows Arrive to Begin Work

The Scholars' Council met on Sept. 24 to discuss thethe American Constitution"; a second by Library staff Kluge Prize, and on Sept. 25 it considered Klugemember (who was the first Kluge Staff Fellow) Sylvia chairs and junior scholar fellowship competitions.Albro on "Italian Papermaking in Fabriano, Italy"; and They also gathered suggestions for future subjectsthe third by Derrick deKerckhove, incoming Papa- that could, in Librarian of Congress James Billington'smarkou Chair in Education, titled "Text, Context, and words, "connect scholarship with the concerns of Con-Hypertext." They also learned about congressional gress." Over the course of their two-day meeting, thetopics of interest from Roger White of the Congressio- council heard three presentations: the first by Pelikannal Research Service and met with Michael Sohlman of titled "Normative Scripturethe Christian Bible andthe Nobel Foundation.

Grief Three days after the profile appeared, 30 readers and continued from page 243 the Giants organization itself offered to send Mayo's son and wife to the Giants games. Readers bought tickets and people so deeply." mailed them to the Times. Scott described readers' response to her Nov. 6, 2001, Scott believes the series resonated with readers because profile, "Robert J. Mayo: Notes to His Son," which sheit played an important part in the mourning process. She read: "Robert J. Mayo used to leave notes on the break-said readers were grappling with the numbing vision fast table for his 11-year-old son, Corbin. He worked anof the traumatic attack and the profiles helped them early shift as a deputy fire safety director at the Worldretrieve the people inside and work through the loss. Trade Center, so he got up about 4 a.m. He would drink Readers realized the victims were similar to them- coffee, check the sports scores and include them in hisselves. "We began to tap into the distinctions and com- note to Corbin. 'I love you,' he might add. 'Good luck onmonalities among people.... We created some kind your test. ...'" of mosaic of the cross section of American life," said Readers learned that Mayo, 46, and his son wereHoffman. Giants fans. They could never afford tickets, so, wearing Landman said, "All we did was set out to tell a story, Giants caps and sipping sodas from Giants glasses, theyabout the loss in our own backyard." watched the games on television. Mayo's note to Corbin on September 11 included a losing score. Donna LIrschel is a freelance writer.

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S Tharp sorting through the massive collection of Tharp and Heezen's continued from page 253 work. "I am lucky to have a man with his mind and patience to help sort these out," Tharp said. to help her discover the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, which plate tec- When North can't identify a piece, he calls upon the tonic theory later showed to be a boundary between the North expertTharpto help him. "Her memory is unbelievable," American and European plates. "Earthquakes helped moresaid North. According to North, Tharp can identify a piece with than anything to map the ocean," said Tharp. Her work with very few coordinates,' and sometimes only from contour lines, Heezen contributed greatly to the evolution of plate tectonicssolely from her astonishing memory. "She has the knowledge; theory. she doesn't give herself enough credit," said North. After Heezen died in 1973, Tharp wanted "nothing else but Tharp and Heezen received the National Geographic Society to finish the map [we] started." The map of the World OceanHubbard Award in 1978. Tharp herself received an outstanding Floor by Tharp and Heezen was copyrighted and printed a year achievement award from the Society of Women Geographers later, and is widely used today. in 1996, and the Library's Phillips Society honored her as one "It is absolutely remarkable to compare what they did withthe 20th Century's Outstanding Cartographers in 1997. She what can be seen today," says Gary North, the curator of thewent on to receive the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's Heezen-Tharp Collection at the Library. 'They were rightWomen's Pioneer in Oceanography Award in 1999, and the on." first Lamont-Doherty Honors Award by Columbia University North retired from the U.S. Geological Survey as the direc-in 2001. tor of the National Mapping Program in 1995. He has been on contract with the Library ever since. North is in the process of Rachel Evans was an intern in the Public Affairs Office.

German-American Relations German-American relations and the turbulence they have continued from page 252 undergone since September 11 is related to each country's assessment and interpretation of the other's actions. to the rhetoric of the German election, the large and per- Peter Rudolf of the Stiftung Wissenschaft and Politik sistent disparity in military expenditure between the twoin Berlin and Ronald Steel of the international relations countries, and the devolution of NATO into an ad hoc "tool department at the University of Southern California both kit" for regional crises, he raised the question of whetherargued that the dissonance and room for misunderstand- Germany and America were growing more distant froming between the two countries have increased dramati- each other as a result of "diverging strategic cultures." cally. Rudolf claimed that U.S. actions and rhetoric since The panel discussions on domestic security and economic the attacks have caused bewilderment among Germans by relations indicated that the German-American relationship making America appear too eager to emphasize notions of is less problematic in these areas. Rainer Haber land of"war" and the "evil axis" (which have powerful connota- Germany's Bundeskriminalamt (roughly equivalent to thetions for Germans) without giving due consideration to FBI) and Philip Anderson, director of the Homeland Secu-multilateral and diplomatic solutions. rity Initiative at the Center for Strategic and International Steel expressed understanding for these perceptions, but Studies, agreed that domestic security has become far more placed them within the context of a long cultural tradition complicated for both countries in the wake of Septemberof European and German critical thought toward America 11, but also that German-American cooperation in this area that, in its most recent form after September 11, stems from a generally has been excellent. basic feeling of powerlessness and lack of influence vis-à-vis Anderson deplored what he saw as the lack of coherencethe world's last remaining superpower. This panel revealed in the U.S. assessment of the terrorist threat, arguing that "noa thread that ran through the entire conference: if Germany one in government has yet conducted the kind of creative,and America are to avoid the tensions that inevitably result exhaustive analysis that is necessary to determine whichbetween partners of radically disparate power, then Europe threats should be accorded the highest priorityand whichmust make greater strides in forging a common foreign should be accorded the least." policy identity sufficient to command America's attention. In the panel on economic relations, Klaus Friedrich, chief In his concluding remarks, former Ambassador Hunter economist at Allianz Group /Dresdner Bank, and Stevengave an overview of the effects of September 11 on America Weber, of the political science department at the Universityand on transatlantic relations while incorporating many of of California, Berkeley, agreed that the attacks of Septem-the themes explored during the conference. He emphasized ber 11 have done little to change the relationship between that for all the personal tragedy of the events of September Germany and the United States in this area. However, some11, its overall effects on America and its foreign relations aspects of economic relations have become more urgent fol-should not be overestimated. German-American relations lowing the attacks. Among these are the move from surplusmay have been affected at the margins, he said, but the ele- to deficit in U.S. fiscal policy and Germany's shift toward aments of mutual interest and cooperation that have formed broader European, as opposed to transatlantic, agenda asthe foundation of this relationship for more than 50 years European Union enlargement progresses. have not changed. The final panel on mutual perceptions provided an opportunity to review much of what had been discussed David B. Morris is a German area specialist in the European throughout the day, since so much of what has dominated Division.

NOVEMBER 2002 255 4 ey 2SB 0

a S Center for the Book Leads Visit to Russia 22 Reading Centers Being Established Throughout Russia

BY JOHN Y. COLE center is "to develop effective readingies, visited the Center for the Book, In late June, the Center for the Book promotion projects and campaigns, tolibraries in Washington, D.C., and headed a seven-person delegation ofstimulate public interest in reading,selected state centers for the book and U.S. librarians and reading promotersand to foster understanding of the vitalpublic libraries in Virginia, Connecti- to Russia to participate in an interna- role of books and libraries in society." cut and New York. (See LC Informa- tional conference, "Reading World and A total of 202 libraries throughouttion Bulletin for July/August 2001 and World of Reading," in St. Petersburg.Russia applied to OSI to host the read- December 2001.) The Section on Read- The delegates also toured libraries ining centers. The 22 reading centers willing of the International Federation of St. Petersburg, Moscow and Vladi-be established in the Russian National mir. The visit, which culminated theLibrary in St. Petersburg; in regional first phase of an international projectscientific libraries in Arkhangelsk, Bel- developed by the Open Society Insti-gorod, Cheliabinsk, Nizhni Novgorod, tute (OSI, Soros Foundation-Moscow), Kemerovo, Krasnoyarsk, Murmansk, the institute's Pushkin Library Mega-Pskov, Smolensk, Tomsk, Tver, Vladi- project, and the Center for the Book,mir and Ulianovsk; in public libraries also helped initiate an OSI projectin Kamensk-Uralski, Orel and Stari that is creating 22 "reading centers"Oskol; in the national libraries of Chu- throughout Russia. The second phasevash Republic and Daghestan Repub- of the project (2002-2003) will includelic; in youth libraries in Krasnodar two publications (the proceedings ofand Sverdlovsk; and in the Stavropol the June 23-24 conference and a read-Library for the Blind. ing promotion handbook) and joint The June trip was preceded by visits presentations at book fairs and libraryto the United States in April and Octo- conferences in the United States andber 2001 by two delegations of Russian Russia. regional librarians. The 20 Russians, The mission of each Russian readingmost of them heads of regional librar- ?IX S11 0 V

SOROS FOUNDOTION 111155111

Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) is a project partner. In addition to this author, U.S. delegation members in June 2002 were Anne Boni, program specialist, Center for the Book; Robert Wedgeworth, president, Laubach Literacy Interna- tional (a member of the Center for the Book's first National Advisory Board from 1977 to 1985 as executive director of the American Library Association); Jean Trebbi, director of the Florida Center for the Book (established 1984), the first of the Center for the Book's 47 state affiliates; and three hosts of the October 2001 visit by the Russian librarians: Louise Blalock, chief librarian, Hartford Public Library, the home of the Connecticut Center for the Book; Nancy E. Gwinn, director, Smithson- ian Institution Libraries; and Gary Nancy E. Gwinn E. Strong, director, Queens Borough Gary Strong and Zola Cholava, director of the St. Petersburg City Public Library. Library, sign an international exchange agreement during the June More than 140 Russian librarians, 23-24 conference. authors, journalists and academics

256 INFORMATION BULLETIN attended "Reading World and and the Information Society," World of Reading" on June 23- by Robert Wedgeworth; and 24. The conference sponsors, in "Reaching New Readers," by addition to OSI and the Center Gary Strong. for the Book, were the Rus- The program of professional sian National Library and the visits, arranged by project coor- Nevsky Forum International dinator Valeria D. Stelmakh, Book Fair. Principal sessions seniorresearcher,Russian were devoted to Reading Pro- State Library, included the motion in the U.S., Reading Russian National Library, the Promotion Programs in Russia, Nevsky Forum International Children's World of Reading, Nancy E. Gwinn Book Fair, the St. Petersburg and International Book Promo- John Cole and Vladimir Zaitsev, director gen- University Library, theSt. tion Ideas and Experience. eral of the Russian National Library, which is Petersburg City Library and The keynote speaker, Ekat- one of the 22 new "reading centers" the State Hermitage Museum, erina Y. Genieva, director gen- all in St. Petersburg. eral of the All-Russia State Library for Foreign Literature and In Moscow, the group visited the All - Russia State Library OSI president, emphasized that "libraries are the fusion offor Foreign Literature, the Russian State Library, the State the reading world and the world of reading." Other speakersPublic Historical Library of Russia and the Kremlin. A at the opening session included Vladimir N. Zaitsev, directorhighlight was the overnight visit to Suzdal and Vladimir, general, Russian National Library and president, Russiantwo towns about 120 miles east of Moscow, which contain Library Association; Maria A.Vedenyapina, executive direc-some of Russia's most beautiful medieval kremlins and tor, Pushkin Library Megaproject; Vladimir 0. Pankratyev,churches. The Vladimir Regional Library, which will director general, Nevsky Forum International Book Fair, St. be one of the new reading centers, is headed by Nina G. Petersburg; John Y. Cole; and Robert Wedgeworth. Rasputnaya, one of the librarians who visited the United Members of the U.S. delegation presented three papers:States in October 2001. "The Center for the Book and its National Network of State Affiliates," by John Y. Cole and Jean Trebbi; "Adult Literacy John Y. Cole is director of the Center for the Book.

The visiting delegation at the "Reading World and World of Reading" conference. Front row: Gary Strong, Louise Blalock, Jean Trebbi; middle row: Nancy Gwinn, John Cole; back row: Alec Williams (IFLA Section on Reading), Anne Boni, Robert Wedgeworth o

SS News from the Center for the Book Promoting Libraries, 1980-2002 The Center for the Book was 25 years old Broward County Library in Fort Lau-Books Week. In 2001, the Center for on Oct. 13. This is the 11th in a series ofderdale, was the first. Of the 12 statethe Book became a founding partner in articles that summarizes the center's activi-centers for the book approved by thethe ALA's "@ your library TM" promo- ties during its first quarter century. Library of Congress between 1984 and tional campaign for America's librar- 1987,10 had their institutional home in ies. Using the private funds it raises to The Center for the Book was estab-libraries (six of them in state libraries,support its program, the center also has lished in 1977 by Librarian of Con-four in large public library systems). hosted special events at the Library of gress Daniel J. Boorstin to stimulate The addition of library promotionCongress to honor prominent citizens public interest in books and readingto the Center for the Book's missionin the library community. primarily at the Library of Congress,also gave the Library of Congress an but with occasional programs to be co- "outreach office" that would promoteLibrary Promotion Highlights sponsored at other institutions. With the Library and its activities. Moreover, April 23, 1980. In Columbia, Mo., Boorstin's support, in 1984 the center's many library-related organizationsthe Center for the Book co-sponsors National Advisory Board urged andsuch as the American Library Asso-its first event with a state library asso- approved two significant changes: theciation (ALA) and the National Com-ciation, a program titled "The Book is creation of affiliated state centers andmission on Libraries and InformationBack: Reading Promotion for Librar- the active promotion by the CenterScience (NCLIS) joined the Center forians," hosted by the Missouri Library for the Book of "libraries," as well asthe Book's national "reading promo-Association. books, reading and literacy (the firsttion partnership" network. Thus, Feb. 2, 1981.The center begins its program on literacy was held in 1980). the Center for the Book frequentlycontinuing partnership with Friends of The two changes complemented eachbecame a Library of Congress contactLibraries U.S.A. through co-sponsor- other, as libraries soon became thepoint and often its representative inship of a program held at the Library dominant "homes" of affiliated stateannual campaigns and events such asof Congress, "Good Ideas for Friends' centers. Florida (1984), located at theNational Library Week and BannedGroups." 1985.The American Library Asso- ciation chooses "A Nation of Readers," a Center for the BQOK OfDPOCAlt fThBook promotion theme, as its theme for National ' o Library Week and the 0 name for its traveling photography exhibi- C.- tion co-sponsored C with the center. - (-2 April 7, 1986.The Center for the Book rit.c2 ofs hostsitsfirst annual reception at the Library 0 of Congress to celebrate National Library Week. April 7, 1987.R. Kathleen Molz, LIBRAAltS Melvil Dewey Professor of Library Ser- vice at Columbia University's School of Library Science, presents an Engelhard Pt 10TOGRAPH,S & ANECDOTES nv Lecture on the Book, "The Knowledge DIANE ASSEO GRILICH ES Institutions in the Information Age: The Special Case of the Public Library." Oct. 29-31, 1987.At the Library of Congress, Columbia University's School of Library Service and the Center for the Book co-sponsor the scholarly conference, "Libraries and Scholarly Communication in the United States: "For the Love of Libraries," a postcard book published by Pomegranate The Historical Dimension." Books in 1998, is based on a 1996 photography book published by the Nov. 15-16, 1988.The Association University of New Mexico Press and the Center for the Book. for Library Service to Children and the

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Lorenzo Wright ( The Thomas Jefferson Building was declared "a literary landmark" at a ceremony sponsored by Friends of Libraries U.S.A. (FOLUSA) and the Center for the Book on June 26, 1998. Pictured unveiling the bronze plaque are Librarian of Congress James Billington, FOLUSA President Heather Cameron, Librarian of Con- gress Emeritus Daniel J. Boorstin, FOLUSA Executive Director Sandy Dolnick, and John Cole.

and program at the Library of Congress marking the 20th TManniversary of the National Commission on Libraries and Information Science. your1 1 brar April 30,1996.The Library's Preservation Directorate and the Center for the Book host the first Library of Congress The Campaign for America's Libraries "Preservation Awareness Day." 1998."For the Love of Libraries: A Book of Postcards," with photographs and anecdotes by Diane Asseo Griliches, is published by Pomegranate Books. Based on Griliches' Center for the Book co-sponsor a conference at the Library of"Library: The Drama Within" (University of New Mexico Congress: "Learning Opportunities for Children: The Library Press and the Center for the Book, 1996), the book includes Connection." an introduction by Center for the Book Director John Y. May 1992.In cooperation with the Head Start Bureau of Cole. the U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services and the Ameri- June 27,1998.At the Library of Congress, the center hosts can Library Association, the Center for the Book launches the a symposium marking the 50th anniversary of the American five-year "Library-Head Start Partnership ProjeCt." Library Association's Library History Round Table. Feb. 11, 1993.The Center for the Book, in cooperation Oct. 23-24, 2000.The Center for the Book organizes and with the United States Information Agency (USIA), andfunds "Interpreting the Past: Libraries, Society & Culture," the Public Diplomacy Association, hosts "USIA Librariesthe first two days of the Library of Congress Bicentennial Abroad," a program that addresses proposed future changesConference, "National Libraries of the World: Interpreting in the USIA library program. the Past, Shaping the Future." Twenty-five library historians 1994.To mark the centennial of the District of Columbiafrom 12 countries participate. Library Association, the Center for the Book commissions March 2001.The Center for the Book, in cooperation and publishes a 76-page illustrated booklet, "Capital Librar-with the Open Society Institute (OSI, Soros Foundation- ies and Librarians: A Brief History of the District of Columbia Moscow) launches "Reading in the New Millennium," an Library Association 1894-1994." international project to encourage the creation of "reading Dec. 14, 1995.The Center for the Book hosts a reception centers" in libraries throughout Russia.

A NOVEMBER 2002 28, 259 THE LIBRARY OF101 CONGRESS INDEPENDENCE AVE.PUBLIC S.E. AFFAIRS OFFICE PRESORTEDLIBRARYPOSTAGE OF STANDARD CONGRESS & FEES PAID PENALTY FOR PRIVATEWASHINGTON, USE $300 DC 20540-1610 OFFICIAL BUSINESS DATED MATERIAL WASHINGTON,PERMIT DC No. G-103 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS If youINFORMATION wish to be removed BULLETIN from the mailing list ISSN 0041-7904 address.theaddresstofor the thisBulletin, above publicationlabel address.please and return. checkaddress If change To here request is required missing enter issue(s) on of your inquires to the above and return this page

The LIBRARY of CONGRESS Information Bulletin JAMES H. BILLINGTON Vol. 61, No. 12 December 2002 Librarian of Congress

On the Cover:Prominent faces from the American Civil War (clockwise from top left) include Abraham Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and Gen. Robert E. Lee. Photo illustration by Samuel L. McLemore. Cover Story: Leading Civil War scholars examined the event from many angles at a three-day symposium. 263 A New Use for Fort Meade:The Library has opened a new high-density book storage facility at Fort Meade, Maryland. 268 Remembering Luboml:A collection documenting Jewish life in a 271 vanished Polish village has been donated to the Library. 270 9/11: Witness and Response Photographer Joel Meyerowitz captured the ruins of the World Trade Center after September 11. 271 A panel of architects and critics discussed the future of the "ground zero" site in Manhattan Nov. 1. 272 The Library hosted a series of "Gallery Talks" with artists whose work appeared in the recent 9 / 11 Library exhibition. 274 Scholars from America and the Islamic world gathered to discuss how cultures are depicted in student textbooks. 276 Women Worldwide:The Library taped interviews with six notable 278Muslim women as part of a conference last fall in Istanbul. 278 America's Big Stick:Warren Zimmermann discussed American imperialism at a Library program Oct. 24. 280 High-Tech Reference:Reference professional Irene McDermott gave Internet reference survival tips in an Oct. 25 lecture. 281 Japanese Corporate Culture:Masahiko Aoki delivered the annual Mansfield Lecture on economic change in Japan. 282 Algeria and Energy:A noted Algerian minister spoke Nov 8. 283 International Law:Representatives of 17 nations attended the annual meeting of the Global Legal Information Network (GLIN).284 New Online:Three new collections have been added to the Library's American Memory Web site. 287 News from the Center for the Book 290

280 The Library of Congress Information Bulletin (ISSN 0041-7904) is issued 11 times a year by the Public Affairs Office of the Library of Congress and distributed free of charge to publicly supported libraries and research institutions, academic libraries, learned societies and allied organizations in the United States. It is also available on the World Wide Web at www.loc.gov / today. Research institutions and educational organizations in other countries may arrange to receive the Bulletin on an exchange basis by applying in writing to the Library's Director for Acquisitions and Support Services, 101 Independence Avenue S.E., Washington DC 20540-4100. All other correspondence should be addressed to the Information Bulletin, Public Affairs Office, Library of Congress, 101 Independence Ave. S.E., Washington DC 20540-1610, e-mail lcib @loc.gov. HELEN DALRYMPLE, Editor SAMUEL L. MCLEMORE JR. & JOHN H. SAYERS, Designers AUDREY FISCHEK Assignment Editor 287 The Civil War and American Memory Examining the Many Facets of the Conflict Thirty-six leading scholars from across the country\ I gathered at the Library of Congress Nov. 12-14 for a major symposium on the Civil War. Librarian of Congress James Billington and Ralph Eubanks, director of the Library's Publishing Office, welcomed a crowd of 300 to the free two-and- a-half-day symposium, "The Civil War and American Memory." Panel discussions, followed by lively, thought-provoking question- and-answer sessions, addressed a wide range of topics that reflect the many ways the Civil War era continues to affect American life. The cybercast of the symposium will be available soon on the Library's CyberLC Web site at www.loc.gov/todaykyberlc. Above, a Currier and Sponsored by the Library's Publishing Office, the symposium celebrated Simon & Schuster's recent Ives print from 1862 publication of "The Library of Congress Civil War Desk Reference," a 949-page illustrated trove of depicting the Second information on the antebellum period, the war and the aftermath of the conflict. Intended for a gen- Battle of Bull Run, eral audience, the desk reference was edited by Paul Finkelman, Chapman Distinguished Professor with the Union Army of Law at the University of Tulsa; Gary W. Gallagher, John L. Nau III Professor of the History of the engaged against American Civil War, University of Virginia; and Margaret E. Wagner, Library of Congress writer and Confederate forces editor. With its unparalleled Civil War collections as a foundation for the book, the Library served as under General an appropriate setting for the symposium. Robert E. Lee.

Keynote Address continued, "To a Gallagher applauded the growing Gary W. Gallagher, the great degree, thesemovement toward linking the war's keynote speaker, launched Lost Cause war-military history with the social and the symposium with an riorssucceeded,political ramifications of battlefield address on "A Contes- withRobertE. clashes. "I hope we have matured ted Historical Landscape: Lee becoming theenough as a society to confront our Understanding and Inter- preeminentLost Civil War past, warts and all, directly," preting the Civil War." Cause hero." Gallagher said. "The point isn't to iden- "Beginning in the spring By contrast, what tify heroes and villians in this story. The of 1865, when the guns fell Gallaghercalledpoint is to achieve understanding of a silent after four years, All photos by Pat Fisher the Union Causeturbulent and profoundly influential after enormous slaughter, Gary Gallagher identified slaveryepic that has much to teach us about Americans struggled to as the catalyst forour current condition." understand and define the conflict.secession. This tradition, said Galla- Laterthateve- Their quest frequently took the form ofgher, "placed the outbreak of fighting ning, Pulitzer Prize- heated debate that continues, despite thesquarely on the shoulders of the slave-winning Yalehis- passage of 137 years," Gallagher said.power South, which plunged thetory professor David He discussed three of the war's majornation into a bloody contest for preser-Brion Davis, direc- interpretative traditions: the Lost Cause,vation of its threatened life." torof the Gilder which emerged in the South; the Union The third major interpretation con-Lehrman Center for Cause; and Reconciliation. Discussionsidered, Reconciliation, ignored thethe Study of Slav- of these interpretative traditions alsodivisive issue of slavery and celebrated ery, Resistance, and continued in subsequent panel sessionsthe valor of white soldiers on bothAbolition, spoke onDavid Brion throughout the symposium. sides. This notion came to dominateslavery. Davis exam- Davis "Lost Cause writers understood thatpopular perceptions of the war. "Rec-ined the enormously slavery posed the biggest obstacle toonciliationists often point to Appomat-powerful economic and political their constructing a version of the wartox, where Grant and Lee behaved in a factors that sustained slavery before that would resonate favorably beforeway that promoted peaceful reunion,the war. In his view, Southerners the bar of history," said Gallagher.as the beginning of a healing processoverreacted to what they perceived as Consequently, Lost Cause proponentsthat reminded all Americans of theira growing Northern threat and devel- maintained that slavery was merely ashared history and traditions. Emanci-oped a confrontational attitude that, peripheral issue of secession. "Theypation and the contributions of 180,000 in turn, helped create a more militant said they fought in defense of consti-black Union soldiers ... found little orand anti-slavery attitude in what had tutional principles...that investedno place in the reconciliationist narra-been a "neutral, complacent, and great power in the states." Gallagher tive," according to Gallagher. highly racist" North.

DECEMBER 2002 263 289 0 0

H1 as 55 Panel Discussions Librarian of Congress James Panel discussions H. Billington welcomed the began with a consid- symposium participants. eration of the "Causes of the Civil War: Slav- He said that P.G.T. Beauregard's ery and Race and the decision to stop fighting at Shiloh Evolution of Northern was militarily a rational one and and Southern Culture." not a grave mistake. In his com- James Huston of Okla- mentary, Woodworth disagreed homa State University, with Parrish. Woodworth said speaking on "Southern there were too many intangibles Calculation and North-James Buston and unknowables to determine ernEmotions: How whether the South would have the War Came," focused heavily onwon or lost Shiloh; but to walk away economic considerations. He sparkedfrom the fight was wrong. Woodworth pointed rebuttals from the Universitysaid trying to win Shiloh was a chance of Maryland's Ira Berlin and Michaelthe Confederacy could not afford Holt of the University of Virginia. to miss. Beauregard might not have Joseph Glatthaarsucceeded, but he should have tried, of the UniversityWoodworth added. of Houston, author "Abraham Lincoln of Davis. In Cooper's opinion, of"Partnersinvs.JeffersonDavis: Davis performed far more ably in Command: Rela-The Commanders-in a political role than in a military tionships betweenChief," a panel chaired one. He "led, but he also heard Civil War Lead-by Gabor S.Boritt, and heeded both leaders and pri- ers,"addresseddirector of the Civil vate citizens in an effort to ensure "Why They Fought:War Institute, featured that governmental policy did not Soldiers and Civil-Phillip Shaw Paludan stray too far from public opinion." ians of the Civilof the University of Davis "insisted he was not direct- War Era." ChairedIllinois, whose "The ing a war for slave owners but Joseph by Civil WarPresidency of Abra- for white liberty," Cooper said. scholar Catherine Glatthaar ham Lincoln"was Gabor Boritt He steered government policy Clinton, the panelawardedthe 1995 to reflect public opinion, and included Anne Rubin of the UniversityLincoln Prize. Palu- although adversaries criticized of Maryland and Auburn University'sdan emphasized that him, no single Kenneth Noe. it was best to remem- politician rose Mark Grimsley of Ohio ber Lincoln as to seriously State University, author aleader who challengehis oftheprize-winning operated "with- leadership. "The Hard Hand of War," in the political As the mili- and T. Michael Parrish of constitutional tarycomman- Baylor University were system, proving d e r- inch ie f, the featured speakers on that the system however, Davis "General Assessment: could bring exhibitedseri- Phillip Shaw Battlefield Leadership forth the equal- ous flaws, accor- in the Civil War," with ity promised in Paludan ding to Cooper. commentary by Steven 1776, and calling on the peopleHe said that when E. Woodworth of Texas to live up to the better angels ofthe military needed William Christian University. Mark Grimsleytheir nature." Paludan charac-a fundamental over- Cooper Grimsley closely exam terized Lincoln as "the cautioushaul, Davis failed to fined the working relation- emancipator" rather than "the act. He characterized ship of Ulysses S. Grant reluctant emancipator," as he isDavis as not having and his commander for often characterized; he needed the steel or ruthless- the Army of the Potomac, to present emancipation in ness for the job. George G. Meade. Grims- a context that Northerners JeanBakerof ley characterized Grant as would accept. GoucherCollege having a "coping style of William Cooper of Louisi-pointedly respon- leadership," which con- ana State University, authorded to Paludan's trasted with the "control of "Jefferson Davis, Amer-portrait of Lincoln, style" of Meade. ican"awardedtheLoswhich she felt Parrish discussed the Angeles Times Prize in Biogra-made the president myth of the South's lost T. Michael physpoke on the Confeder-"too much of a Jean opportunityatShiloh. Parrish ate leader, addressing criticssaint." Baker

264 INFORMATION BULLETIN ' Symposium panelists included (from left) William Wiecek, Michael Kent Curtis, Leo Richards, Robert Cottrell, Debra Newman Ham, David Blight, Wang Xi, Thavolia Glymph and John David Smith. Panel sessions continued with a con- Southern black narrative history of the1868"; William C. sideration of "The Civil War and Ameri-wartime and Reconstruction eras. Davis of the Virginia can Law: Civil Liberties, Habeas Corpus, John David Smith of North CarolinaPolytechnic Institute and the Roots of Freedom." William M.State University moderated the paneland State Univer- Wiecek of Syracuse University spokeon "Reshaping the Civil War: Changing sity, author of "An on "The Civil War and Equality," andViews from Generation to Generation," HonorableDefeat: Michael Kent Curtis of Wake Forest Uni- which featured a presentation by JoanThe Last Days of the versity discussed the case of Ohio Demo- Waugh of UCLA, who focused on theConfederateGov- crat Clement Vallandigham, who waschanging assessments and fluctuating ernment"; David prosecuted before a military commissionpopularity of Ulysses S. Grant. Waugh Eicher,authorof for making an anti-war speech at a Demo-said that Grant's rise and fall in popu- "The Longest Night: cratic rally. Chaired by Leo Richards oflarity parallels the rise and fall of theA Military History the University of Massachusetts, withUnion cause. At the end of the 19th of the Civil War" and Robert Cottrell of George Washingtoncentury, Grant was highly regardedcompiler, with John University as commentator, the panelistsand extremely popular. Today, however, Eicher, of "Civil War emphasized that issues of civil liberty andWaugh asserted, the public seems to hold High Commands"; national security remained vital. Robert E. Lee in higher regard than Grant, and Nina D. Silber Panelists on "Reconstruction and Race: in part because the Northern version ofof Boston Univer- The Extended Tragedy of the Civil Warthe war has lost out to the romantic sity, author of "The Era," suggested that a better subtitle appeal of the South. Romance of Reunion: would have been "The Extended Triumph Commentators George Rable of theNortherners and the and Tragedy of the Civil War Era," for theUniversity of Alabama, author of "The South, 1865-1900." postwar era included many accomplish-Confederate Republic: A Revolution Simpson spoke of the need to focus on ments, as well as setbacks in the quest forAgainst Politics," and Tony Horwitz, the Civil War homefront and its effect on equality. Moderated by former Library ofauthor of the bestselling "Confederatesthe battlefront. He said all Americans, Congress staff member Debra Newmanin the Attic," also spoke. Rable and Hor- from 1861 to 1865, experienced the Civil Ham, now at Morgan State University,witz agreed with Waugh that the North War in different ways, and the research of the panel featured a presentation by 2002won the war but lost the battle for the minor stories can have a major impact on Lincoln Prize recipient David W. Blight of hearts and memories of many Ameri- the understanding of the war. Also, Simp- Amherst College ("Race and Reunion: Thecans today. son said the whole history of emancipa- Civil War in American Memory"). Com- Drew Gilpin Faust, dean of the Rad- tion needs to be written, because there is ments by Wang Xi, cliffe Institute for Advanced Study and no single volume available today that of Indiana Univer- author of the landmark "Mothers ofexamines how freedom came to African sity of Pennsylva- Invention: Women of the SlaveholdingAmericans. nia, were followed South in the American Civil War," mod- Silber made the point that more stud- by remarks byerated the session on "Can We Knowies are needed on the role of Northern Thavolia Glymph, the Civil War? Methods and Pitfalls ofwomen. She said that in addition to Duke Univer-Civil War Research." The panel featured letters and diaries, pension records sity, who noted presentations by Brooks D. Simpson ofare often a good source of information theimportanceArizona State University, author of "Letabout women, because they had to of examining the Us Have Peace: Ulysses S. Grant and the explain why they needed to receive the largely ignored Politics of War and Reconstruction, 1861-pension money.

1*---'

el''I' tt, Additional panelists included Joan Waugh, George Rable, Tony Horwitz, Drew Gilpin Faust Brooks Simp- son, William Davis, David Eicher and Nina Silber.

DECEMBER 2002 265 asS

Summing Up In the symposium's concluding address, "The New Birth of Freedom: The Central Meaning of the Civil War," Paul Finkelman reminded the audience of Grant's declaration, in his memoirs, that "'the cause of the Civil War was slavery.'" Finkelman then traced how, through the years, slavery was forgotten as a reason for the Civil War; and how the U.S. government, in many ways, eroded the rights that African Americans had gained as a result of the war. However, "In the 1960s, we begin to move toward a new birth of freedom," Finkelman said. Gradually, scholars determined that the tragedy of the war was the failure of Reconstruction, the failure and betrayal of the Supreme Court and the failure to help the freed slave. Finkelman concluded that "We can better understand the central meaning of the war when we see that the task of those who study the war is to ensure that this indeed remains a government of the people, by the people and for the people, a government that seeks a new birth of freedom." Special Presentations Several special events added creative dimensions to the symposium. Library curators and specialists Clark Evans, Rare Book and Special Collections; Ron Grim, Geography and Map Division; Harry Katz and Carol Johnson, Prints andAbove, the symposium audience Photographs Division; and John Sellers of the Manuscript Division describedfilled the Library's Coolidge Audi- each division's extensive Civil War holdings and how many of these materialstiorium; Paul Finkelman concluded can be accessed online. the event discussing "The New The Federal City Brass Band, dressed in Federal regimental band regalia, pre-Birth of Freedom"; opposite, the sented an evening of Civil War music using period instruments. Band membersFederal City Brass Band played explained the history of their instruments and provided information on theCivil War tunes from the Library's musical selections, many of which they had come upon in the Library's collec-collections on period instruments; t-ions. The performance concluded with a rousing rendition of "Yankee Doodle." and actors Edward Gero, Nancy Audience memberssome in 19th-century costumes themselvesrewarded Robinette and Craig Wallace read the musicians with a standing ovation. from letters and diaries of the era.

266 INFORMATION BULLETIN A two-night Civil War Film Festival presented seldom- seen movies from the Library's vast film collections. Ray Brubacher provided piano accompaniment to the silent films, and sound films included footage of a 1930 Confed- erate reunion and the 1951 feature "Red Badge of Courage" with Audie Murphy. A riveting dramatic reading of Civil War letters, diaries, and speeches drawn from the Library's collections was a fitting conclusion to the symposium. Actors Edward Gero, Nancy Robinette and Craig Wallace gave voice to the thoughts of soldiers, civilians and politicians caught in the nation's greatest upheaval. Beginning with an 1854 letter written by Marietta T. Hill, a student at the Normal School for Colored Girls in Washington, D.C., the reading moved through battlefield experiences, the occupation of Southern cities, the siege of Vicksburg, to Lee's surrender at Appomattox, and a compelling eyewitness account of the Lincoln assassination. "What I hope people learned from this symposium was the broad nature of Civil War scholarship. It's not just about battlefield maneuvers, commanders and statistics. It involves complex issues of freedom, the end of slavery, national unity, the disrupted lives of millions of people and much more," said Paul Finkelman as the symposium drew to a close. Publishing Office Director Eubanks praised the efforts of an army of Library volunteers and staff members for making the symposium a success and an event that both the scholars and the audience hope will be repeated. 0

This article was prepared by Margaret E. Wagner, Linda Osborne, Susan Reyburn and Blaine Marshall of the Publishing Office. Freelance writer Donna Urschel contributed to the piece.

DECEMBER 2002 267 Old Wine in a New Bottle Library Opens New Storage Facility at Ft. Meade

By GAIL FINEBERG 'The Nov. 18 opening of a futuristic 1 high-density book storage facility at Fort Meade added a new chapter to an old Library story. Not only will the new space alleviate an overflow of books on Capitol Hill, but the paper- friendly environment will add centuries to the life of the collections. Speaking at the opening ceremony, Librarianof Congress James H. Billington said, "I cannot overem- phasize the dramatic effect that cool temperatures and controlled humidity have on the longevity of our collec- Charlynn Spencer Pyne tions. A paper-based item with a lifeLibrarian of Congress James Billington, Sen. Paul Sarbanes (D-Md.) expectancy of 40 years on Capitol Hilland Beacher Wiggins, acting associate librarian for Library Services, will have a life expectancy of 240 yearscelebrate the opening of the Fort Meade facility. when stored here, a six-fold increase." He noted that the Library is aan off-campus site and design storagethe 1890s "to make a statement," to "guardian of this nation's patrimonyto meet a space crunch on Capitol Hillshow Europeans that Americans, too, and a good deal of the world's knowl-and absorb collections stored in rentedcould design beautiful buildings, so edge." As such, he said, "having a well-space. The same year, Congress passed"we want to make sure the impact [of designed facility to safeguard and pre- a law transferring 100 acres fromthe new structure] is amenable to the serve our collections is essential." the U.S. Army to the Architect of theneighborhood," Sarbanes said, in refer- Billington thanked Congress for its Capitol (AOC) for use by the Library.ence to the criticism of some Odenton, support. In 1993, Congress appropri-In 1995, Congress added $3 millionMd., residents that the new concrete- ated $3.2 million to find the Libraryto build the first module, which com-slab building does not measure up prises a total of 24,800to the Capitol Hill standard. He said square feet, includinglandscaping, tree plantings, and the a footprint of 8,500addition of other modules will "soften" square feet for bookthe lines of the building exterior. storage, 6,300 square Acknowledging the advantages of feet for office space,high-tech, high-density storage and and 10,000 square feetclimate controls as well as the Library's for mechanical rooms,perpetual race for space, Sarbanes said loading docks, andthe Fort Meade modules should free corridors. (The finalspace on Capitol Hill and enable more construction cost wasefficiency there. "I think this provides a $4.7 million.) solution for the Library," he said. In particular, Bill- During the past 202 years, the Library ington thanked Sen.ran out of shelf space every decade or Paul S. Sarbanes (D-two as its collections grew from 740 Md.), "a friend ofvolumes and three maps in 1800 to libraries everywhere,"an estimated 126 million items today. for his long-standingMaterials pouring in by the thousands support of the Libraryevery day soon filled shelves to over- and "concern for theflowing in the Jefferson, Adams and life of the mind." Madison buildings, almost faster than Just as Congressplanners could plan or builders could designedtheJef-build new shelf space. ferson Buildingin With the move to Fort Meade, the

The transfer of books to Fort Meade will alleviate over- crowding. Some 44,000 books are stacked on the floor of decks in the Library's Adams Building.

268 rs% INFORMATION BULLETIN eid 296 Library will have access to 100 acres on which the AOC can build up to 13 addi- t /l) tional storage modules over the next 50 1/cirit years. The Copyright Office will have its own module, and refrigerated vaults will protect nonpaper formats requiring very cold temperatures. Between Fort Meade and Culpeper, 1,1 Va., where space is being prepared to house and preserve its extensive audiovisual collections, the Library will be 181- able to vacate rental space in Landover and Suit land, Md., and Wright-Patter- son Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio. And by constructing new space, A,\\ rather than retrofitting existing buildings, according to Architect of the Capi- tol Alan Hantman, the Library was able to select state-of-the-art technology to: (1) maximize the use of space by storing 7 , \iN,.\\ .11 1.2 million books and bound periodicals Leslie Barbaro, Patuxent Publishing Company (6t/ 2002 on 30-foot-high shelves in 8,000 square Stacks in theFort Meade facility are 30 feet tall and 180 feet long. feet (future storage modules will be 50 percent larger); (2) preserve materials by keeping them cool link each box bar code to a shelf bar code with a hand-carried (at an even 50 degrees Fahrenheit) and dry (at 30 percent computerized portable data terminal (PDT). PDT data (links relative humidity), packing them upright in heavy boxes,of boxes to shelves) are then uploaded into a database that is filtering out damaging pollutants, and illuminating the areabacked up at least once a day, if not more often. Bar codes are with sodium-vapor lights that do not give off paper-fadingverified and reports generated twice in the process. ultraviolet rays; (3) safeguard the collections with electroni- Herman said the Library purchased Library Archival cally controlled security and fire-protection systems; trackSoftware (LAS) to manage the tracking system. Any item materials with bar codes and computers; and (4) providelocation changes now have to be entered manually in the twice-daily delivery service to readers. A book listed in theIntegrated Library System (ILS), which manages the online Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC) may be requested incatalog. "Our goal is to link the LAS and ILS systems or to the morning, retrieved from the smallest box on the high-find a satisfactory alternative to eliminate the need to use est shelf 25 miles north of Washington, and delivered to astand-alone databases and to require dual data entry," researcher in the afternoon. Material requested in the after-Herman said. noon will be delivered the next morning. The Library of Congress' high-density storage system is Steven J. Herman, chief of the Collections, Access, Loanbased on a model developed by Harvard University and and Management Division (CALM), is responsible forused widely by research libraries. moving 2;500 books a day from the Jefferson Building to Herman noted that planning for off-site storage began as Fort Meadeand finding them once they are sorted by sizeearly as 1989 with a Library-wide Collections Storage Facil- and placed in boxes that are double-shelved on 36-inch-deepity Working Project Team of staffers from throughout the shelves that nearly reach a 40-foot ceiling. "This is a massive Library. A Materials Selection Working Group developed undertaking," he said. criteria for selecting the least frequently used collections He described the process of tracking a book going from for off-site storage. These include portions of agriculture, Capitol Hill stacks to Fort Meade. A book leaving Capitolmedicine and literature collections as well as portions of Hill for Fort Meade first will be inventoried by the staff of collections in the custody of the Law Library and the Asian the Baseline Inventory Program and provided with an item and African and Middle Eastern divisions. ID (bar code) if one is not already present. Once the item is Hantman said at the dedication ceremony in November inventoried, the location is changed in the OPAC record to that construction of the second book storage module, to reflect that the item is at Fort Meade. The item is then taken adjoin the west side of the first module, will begin "less to a new processing area in the Jefferson Building where it isthan a year from now." Scheduled for start of construction vacuumed. The book is measured and placed in a box within 2005 are modules three and four, which will complete the other volumes the same size. Each box is given its own barpod of four modules. The Copyright Deposit Facility will be code, and each book in that box is linked to the box bar code.designed this year and constructed in 2005, he said. When the boxes are shelved at Fort Meade, the box bar code "We have brought in the Baltimore District of the Corps of is linked to a shelf bar code. Engineersa stable, dedicated team of professionalsto act Boxes of the same size are loaded onto specially designedas our project management agent for the future modules," metal book carts, and 12 carts at a time are rolled into a truck, Hantman added. driven to Fort Meade, unloaded, and hoisted with a modified forklift to the proper shelves. An employee driving this Gail Fineberg is editor of The Gazette, the Library's staff computer-activated "book picker" will shelve the boxes and newsletter.

DECEMBER 2002 295 269 * 0

a Memories ni Je f Librar Receivs Collection Las oAfi19 Poly

By GAIL FINEBERG little towns in Poland between The Library of Congress has acquired 1918 and the mid-1920s, these an important collection that docu-people emigrated from Luboml ments Jewish life in Luboml, one of theto the United States, Canada, oldest Jewish communities in Poland,and Latin America, and many before the Nazis occupied the regionwere early settlers in Palestine, and exterminated the Jewish popula-before the Jewish state of Israel tion between 1939 and 1941. was created in 1948. The collection, which includes more "They left Poland for the stan- than 2,000 rare photographs, photo-dard reasonsbetter economic graphic negatives, letters, maps, oralopportunities and Zionism," histories and other materials, is a giftexplained Jill Vexler, executive to the Library from New York Citydirector of the Luboml Exhibi- businessman Aaron Ziegelman, whotion Project. Their memories are was born in Luboml in 1928 and immi-preserved in the Luboml mate- grated to the United States with hisrials that document Jewish com- mother and sister in 1938. munity lifereligious holidays, Ziegelman said he and his wife,weddings, schools, businesses Marjorie, were overwhelmed by theand recreation. Life as portrayed symbolism of the collection comingin Luboml was similar to that in to the Library. "When I saw the officialother Eastern European shtetls [instrument of gift] signed by a boyduring the late 19th and early Gail Fineberg from Luboml and Dr. Billington, who20th centuries. Aaron Ziegelman (right) presents Librar- signed on behalf of the United States of Michael Grunberger, head ofian of Congress James Billington with a America, so many emotions envelopedthe Library's Hebraic Section,copy of "Luboml: The Memorial Book of me," he said. "The Jews of Luboml hadsaid the Ziegelman collectiona Vanished Shtetl." dreamed of coming to America, a place adds "a remarkable dimension they referred to as the golden land.to the already rich Judaic collections inof a Jewish community's culture as it Even though they never reached ourthe Library of Congress. existed before World War II." shores, their spirits have now found a "The Ziegelman collection shows The Librarian announced the acqui- home at the Library of Congress." how Jews lived before the Secondsition during a brief ceremony in his A successful real-estate entrepre- World War, not how they died," Grun-office on Oct. 30. He commended neur, Ziegelman wanted to enrich hisberger said. "It depicts Libivners notZiegelman and his associates for memories of the vibrant shtetl of hisas victims but as human beings fullyhaving "kept alive a memory that childhood and also to share the story ofengaged in the business of living, andothers sought to destroy." Luboml's Jewish community. In 1994, it serves as a window looking out onto Among those attending the cer- Ziegelman organized a research projecta vanished world, providing us with aemony, in addition to the Ziegelmans, that engaged archivists, anthropolo-clear view of a time and place that isWasserman, Vexler, Grunberger and gists and historians in the collection, no more." Bulger, were Premyslaw Grudzinki, preservation and analysis of informa- Wasserman said90 percent ofambassador of the Republic of Poland; tion about Jewish life in Luboml. Luboml's population vanished withEileen Douglas and Ron Steinman, He also established the Aaron Ziegel-the arrival of the Nazis, who marchedproducers of the film "Luboml: My man Foundation, which, in addition tobetween 4,000 and 5,000 Jews out of the Heart Remembers"; and David Taylor, assembling this documentary collection, town, shot them, and buried them inhead of acquisitions for the American provided for a major traveling exhibi-mass graves. Located 200 miles south-Folklife Center. tion, "Remembering Luboml: Imageseast of Warsaw, Luboml is now part of The film was shown in the Mary of a Jewish Community"; a book,Ukraine. Pickford Theater the night of Oct. 30. "Luboml: The Memorial Book of a Van- The Aaron Ziegelman FoundationDouglas and Steinman discussed their ished Shtetl "; and the documentary film,Collection will be in the custody offilm during a private reception before "Luboml: My Heart Remembers." the Archive of Folk Culture, which isand after the screening. Steinman was Fred Wasserman, now associatepart of the American Folklife Center. a former NBC News Bureau chief in curator of the Jewish Museum in"We are thrilled that Aaron Ziegelman Saigon, Hong Kong, and London; and New York and founding director ofhas donated this wonderful collectionDouglas was a former news anchor for the Ziegelman project, said materialsto the Library," said Peggy A. Bulger, 1010 WINS Radio in New York City. for the collection came from some 100the center's director. "It is an incredibly families scattered over three conti-rich collection that will permit research- Gail Fineberg is editor of The Gazette, the nents. Typical of Jews who left manyers to better understand myriad aspects Library's staff newsletter.

270 INFORMATION BULLETIN .1 1- t jin Photographing 91110 Ground Zero 0 o Joel Meyerowitz Discusses His Work

BY DONNA URSCHEL oel Meyerowitz, the only photographer allowed todocu- Iementment the recoveryry work at the World Trade Center site after 11, keptanaudience spellbound at the Library onThe artist and his work: Oct. 22 when he showed his photographs and recounted his Joel Meyerowitz (right) experience. and his photo of the Using a 4-by-5 wooden view camera, Meyerowitz capturedruins of the World the haunting scenes of ruin at all times of day and night. HeTrade Center site, from documented the tireless efforts of devoted workers disman- September 2001. tling the destruction as well as their sorrow, compassion and steadiness in carrying out the job. He also took portraits ofcorps because they thought construction workers, firemen, police and volunteers. Histhepress would make work on the site, which ended in early May 2002, resulted inegregious photos of bodies a collection of 8,500 photographs. and body bags. But why The Library has acquired 16 of his images, and several werelimit the historical record?" featured in the exhibition in the Jefferson Building, "WitnessMeyerowitz said. and Response: September 11 Acquisitions at the Library of His first task was to line Congress," which was on view from Sept. 7 to Nov. 2. up credentials that would "Joel's archives is such an extraordinary work," said Jeremyget him access to the site. Adamson, chief of the Prints and Photographs Division at theHe obtained a letter from Library, during the presentation at the Library. "You see thethe Museum of the City of history of the project, the sociology of it, and the images areNew York, saying he was working on a photo archives, and a framed in such a way that these are not just snapshots. They pass from the Commissioner of Parks. With both items, he was have the quality of great beauty. It's as if the history of West- able to finagle his way onto the site, but he constantly faced ern art was fused somehow in the man's eye. You can seethreats from various supervisors who didn't want a camera Rembrandt's 'Night Watch. around and wanted him off the premises. Adamson, who compared Meyerowitz's work to several His status remained precarious for the first few weeks, until other paintings and styles in Western art, concluded, "Thehe met detectives of the Arson and Explosion Squad of the New photographs are so strikingly beautiful that they raise theYork Police Department, who understood and appreciated the tragedy to a level of transcendence." need for a photographic record of the recovery process. "They Considered the best-known color photographer practicingbecame my angels. They protected me," Meyerowitz said. He today, Meyerowitz, who lives in New York City, is known forkept their phone numbers handy and often had to call them exquisite, light-filled images. Fourteen books contain his pho-when he was in danger of getting kicked out. tographs. Each year in June, he teaches a workshop in Tuscany With the support of the detectives, Meyerowitz was able to on the poetry of light. continue his work and eventually receive credentials from the After the twin towers fell, Meyerowitz, like many othermayor's office as the official "mayoral photographer." Americans, felt an urge to do something that would be help- In the early days of the recovery process, one of the first ful and useful. He headed down to the site but could only things Meyerowitz noticed about the site was the lack of stone get within five blocks. As he stood in a crowd, he raised hisor concrete. He said, "It had all vaporized in a cloud when the camera to look through the lens, when he felt an aggressive buildings pancaked that way." punch in the shoulder. A policewoman told him he was not Rubble reached eight stories above ground and 70 feet allowed to take photographs on the street and threatened tobelow ground. Meyerowitz said, "What was left was steel, take away his camera. iron, cable, wiring, plumbingall metal. The visual impact "She woke me up to my social consciousness. As I wasof that is a magnetism that pulls you into the site. You feel walking away, I thought, 'I'm going to go there. I'm going to your own fleshy vulnerability against all this steel. It made take those photographs."' everyone see how no one could survive." "I was incensed that the bureaucracy, in its haste to start The rubble had to be carefully taken apart, Meyerowitz the recovery process, would not consider making a photo-explained. The beams and pieces were marked and weighed graphic record. I understood that they didn't trust the press continued on page 273

DECEMBER 2002 ;i 271 ldv , 213 * 0

*SS Rebuilding Ground Zero Architects Discuss Healing Manhattan

By DONNA URSCHEL but no definite program was Most Americans want to see specified. the World Trade Center One reason for the confusion site rebuilt to heal the wounds and controversy concerning the of September 11 and to revital- site is the sheer number of par- ize lower Manhattan, but the ties involved. There are many site may remain undeveloped different entities with many for years, maybe even 20 to 30 different interests, according to years, according to architectsPanelists for the architectural discussionGoldberger. He gave an over- and architecture critics whoincluded (from left) Robert Ivy, Craig Whitaker,view of the players involved: gatheredatthe Library inRaphael Vitioly and Paul Goldberger. Port Authority of New early November to discuss the York and New Jersey, a quasi- Ground Zero project. of all the design schemes so far. Theypublic agency controlled by governors The World Trade Center site com-include the six official schemes, com-of two different and often unfriendly prises 16 acres, an enormous urbanmissioned by the Lower Manhattan states; parcel, and like the site itself, the prob-Development Corporation (LMDC) Larry Silverstein, a private devel- lems in rebuilding are vast. There areand the Port Authority of New Yorkoper who leased the towers and is political, economic, social, emotionaland New Jersey, which were unveiledentitled to 11 million square feet of and design issues that may take yearslast July and resoundingly rejected by office space; to resolve. critics and public alike. Westfield America, the largest The experts who came to the Library They also include the design schemes purveyor of shopping malls in the to examine design schemes and discussthat appeared in the New York Timesworld, which leased 400,000 square feet the project were Robert Ivy, editor-Magazine and New York Magazine, of retail space in the towers; in-chief of Architectural Record; Pauland the schemes featured in an exhibit Lower Manhattan Development Goldberger, architectural critic of Neworganized by New York art galleryCorporation, a state agency created by Yorker magazine; Raphael Viiio ly, archi- owner Max Protetch. The Library hasNew York Gov. Pataki after September tect; and Craig Whitaker, architect and acquired the 60-piece Protetch archives 11 to oversee the site's rebuilding; urban planner. and featured several designs in its own Metropolitan Transportation The panel, "Ground Zero: From exhibition "Witness and Response: Sep- Authority, which controls the subway Dreams and Schemes to Reality," thetember 11 Acquisitions at the Library of lines underneath the site; inaugural program for the Library's Congress." Battery Park City Authority, a new Center of Architecture, Design and Yet panel members agree that all these state agency that controls the enormous Engineering, was held in the Coolidgeschemes are only a small first step in the development next to the site; Auditorium Nov. 1. process and are far from the desired Department of Transportation, The program, introduced by Librar-outcome. which controls the city streets; ian of Congress James H. Billington and "For all the earnestness and good State Department of Transporta- C. Ford Peatross, curator of architecture, intentions visible in these designs, thetion, a different agency that controls design and engineering collections, wasschemes serve better as therapy for their West Street, a highway on one side of first in a series from the Library's new creators than as a valid part of the ongo- the site; Center for Architecture, Design and ing process," Goldberger said. families of those who have died; Engineering, established in 2002 through Afterthedesign rejectionslast local businesses; a bequest from the distinguished Ameri- summer, the LMDC and the Port local residents; and can architect Paul Rudolph and the con- Authority regrouped with a different the rest of the world. tributions of individuals, foundations, approach. Six teams of architects, artists "All those parties are both a blessing and corporations. The purpose of theand designers, representing 24 firms,and a curse," Goldberger said. "A bless- center is to focus attention on, encour- were asked to come up with another seting, because it is better to have people age support for, and promote the study of plans for public viewing in Decem-care about what will happen there. A of the Library's unmatched architecture, ber. It is not likely these new designs will curse, because there's no way it can be design and engineering collections, yield a definite plan that can be devel- an efficient or rapid process." thereby increasing the public's aware-oped, according to the panelists. Another problem involves leader- ness and appreciation of the achieve- "There is still no program for theship. "What we have not yet seen here, ments of the architecture, design, andsite," Goldberger explained. A programand this is really the key issue, is any engineering professions and their con-describes a vision, how much space isdegree of public sector leadership, to tributions to quality of life. allotted for office, commercial, cultural,step forward and to demand and inspire Ivy, who moderated the panel, gave residential and memorial usage. Somea vision," Goldberger said. an overview, with slide presentation, suggestions were made to the architects continued on page 273

272 INFORMATION BULLETIN 44jr!(% 4.4 a. SS Architects ous planning can proceed. One involvesof the site, most likely the seven-acre continued from page 272 the future location of the PATH stationfootprint of the towers, for a memorial. destroyed in the attacks. Whitaker said"Is this the only way to go? Why can't The real estate market is anotherthe public should discuss whether thethe buildings themselves have the role concern. Whitaker said the cost to build station remains in the center of the siteof memorializing?" he asked. a new office building in lower Manhat- or is moved to a more convenient, yet In regard to the memorial, Goldberger tan runs $65 to $70 per square foot, but more expensive, location near Churchsaid there exists a paradox that goes to the rents in the lower Manhattan are $40 Street. Whitaker said its location under- the heart of the design problem. "The per square foot. "That means no one is pins the architecture that happens later.more the response replicates the won- going to be building an office building Vilioly disagreed. He said the PATH derful, lovely, casual things of urban life, there tomorrow morning," he said. station cannot go through a publicthe less it is special, unique, distinctive "Yet we found ourselves ... lookingreview process because it's 50 percentand honorific of what happened. Yet the at whether these buildings wiggle orbuilt already. more sad, the more it shows scars, the wave, whether they soar 200 stories or "Conjecture makes the whole thingmore difficult it is to resume the day-to- not, when in fact we may not be build-more ridiculous. You're claiming the day urban life," he said. ing these buildings for 30 years. It'spublic has the right to think and be "We're in a problematic moment," clearly a possibility. Look at Battery Parkinformed about how these things areIvy said. "We stand capable of making City right across the street. It has passedbeing done, but they do not," Vinolya place that responds to the city with its 30th birthday and it's still not done. said. There are fixed geographic andgreatness or devolving towards some Cities take a long time to develop," physical facts of the site that should notsort of mediocrity that none of us is Whitaker said. be up for debate. willing to accept." He thinks a number of public policy Viiioly also wondered whether it was issues must be resolved before any seri- necessary to reserve a certain amount Donna Urschel is a freelance writer.

Photographs few minutes later, they went back toIt didn't look like contemporary hard- continued from page 271 doing their jobs," he explained. ware. So that curiosity allowed people The first three months Meyerowitzto come through the social barrier and by engineers with calculators to preventworked every day from 10 a.m. to 10ask me some questions. It allowed me the cranes from taking too much andp.m. "I couldn't leave because some-to make friends. A friendship is part of toppling over. The towers were built inthing big was always happening," hethe network that keeps you alive." three-story modules and as they camesaid. In January, he took a two-week During his presentation, Meyerow- down, the three-story pieces stayedbreak and then returned to workitz often spoke of the spirituality he together and were strewn around the steadily until May 2. observed at the site. "Someone would landscape. He covered eight miles a day aroundcome out of the pile and, maybe he Meyerowitz found beauty amid thethe site, carrying his 4-by-5 woodenhandled remains or had been in there rubble and disaster. It could be seen inDeardorff view camera and sheets oftoo long, he would just collapse and one of his photographs that featured film. Occasionally he also used an 8-by-couldn't get up. A chaplain would red fire trucks parked near the piles of10 wooden Deardorff, a 6-by-7 Mamiya appear and other workers would sur- twisted metal, surrounded by nearbyand a 35mm Leica. He shot Fuji film,round them, and an impromptu prayer buildings wrapped in red nylon sack- which the company donated, and hemeeting would be held to comfort the ing on a bright day with a clear blue sky.wore the required helmet, goggles,worker. You would see this regularly." "I've learned that nature being naturegloves, boots and respirator. Meyerowitz found the firemen "so will create beautiful days even when Meyerowitz used view cameras for amazing in their compassion and devo- there's tragedy," he said. the sharp, detailed, deep-space imagestion." He said the firemen "took it as A particularly striking photograph they produce that can be blown up into their ground. They staked out the ter- that he showed the audience was alarge photographs. "I wanted them big ritory. There were shifts of 500 firemen night scene of workers digging intoenough so you could stand in front of every day, men in their 60s and 70s, out the rubble as their torches and lampsthem and have the impression thatof retirement." Spontaneous memori- glowed. "I saw these guys runningyou're at the edge of the site, so youals sprung up on the site, often with over to this pile, and I followed them. could feel the visceral quality of what it the help of firemen who were handed I came over the crest and this is what Iwas like to be there." Some of the photos photos and mementos of victims from saw. They had just found five bodies ofmeasured from 10 to 14 feet wide. One family and friends standing behind firemen in a stairwell. We were stand-photo was 22 feet wide. He also wantsbarriers. The firemen would carefully ing inside the South Tower. One of theresearchers and historians of the future and lovingly take the items and arrange rescue workers came crawling out of the to benefit from the precise detail, "to them in memorials. pile and said, 'This stairwell is from thelook deep into the pictures and see what Thanks to Meyerowitz's determi- North Tower.' else was going on in the background." nation and the Arson and Explosion "Everybody immediately pictured There was another reason the Squad's guardianship, America will have this stairwell flying across a hundredwooden view camera was an asset. "It this archives of photographs to view and yards, with these five firemen in it,was a conversation piece," said Mey- study for generations to come. tumbling through space. An awe anderowitz. "It's so unusual, the old type silence came over the group. Then, aof camera with a cloth over your head. Donna Urschel is a freelance writer.

DECEMBER 2002 273 q9 A S winiEss& RESPONSE Response to Horror Gallery Talks Feature Artists Affected by 9/11 Events

BY DONNA URSCHEL Artists and art purveyors, whose works appeared in the exhibition "Witness and Response: September 11 Acquisitions at the Library of Congress," talked about the motivation and meaning behind their creative endeav- ors in a series of Gallery Talks in the Jefferson Building this fall. Most of them created the art in response to the terrorist attacks, and their artwork represented a wide variety of emotions, from sorrow and anger to tolerance and even humor. On Oct. 3, Bibi Marti and Jodi Hanel, curators at Exit Art, Yusef El-Amin an alternative art gallery in New YorkOne Gallery Talk featured City, talked about the news-makingartists (clockwise from project held at their gallery. Soon afterabove) Helen Zughaib, September 11, the Exit Art staff felt a Kitty Caparella and Helga need to serve the community. "ArtistsThomson. Yusef El-Amin were calling and asking what Exit Art was doing. We're the kind of gallery The Library's Prints and Pho- that would have a response," saidtographs Division acquired the Marti, assistant curator. "We gaveentire archives. The Exit Art it a lot of thought and decided, 'Letstaff wanted the art to go this place become a vessel of people'ssomeplace where it would be feelings.'" carefully preserved and made The staff sent out a worldwideavailable to as many people as appeal by letter and e-mail to artists,possible. gallery patrons and others for creative The Oct. 23 Gallery Talk fea- responses to the terrorist attacks. Theretured artists Helen Zughaib, was one simple criterion: each workKitty Caparella and Helga had to be sized 8-by-11 inches. Thomson. Each artist created Hundreds of people, from 2 to 81pieces vastly different from years old, responded. In the exhibitthe other, yet they shared the from Jan. 26 to April 20, Exit Art dis-same intensity of passion and played 2,443 pieces, hanging fromdedication. wire string in rows densely suspended As an Arab-American with across the gallery. The art includedroots in Lebanon, Zughaib said drawings, paintings, photographs,she felt "twice as bad" after poems, collages, letters, digital prints,September 11. Her artwork, and graphic designs, expressing a"Prayer Rug for America," Yusef El-Amin gamut of emotionsgrief, fear, anger,brings together her two lines of heri-"come in" and reflect on the tragedy, hope, patriotism, and even strong anti-tage. The prayer rug is geometricallyand to find their own place of comfort. war sentiments. designed in the colors of the American Kitty Caparella, a reporter with the "The show itself became a workflagred, white and blue. Philadelphia Daily News and also an of art, a way of mourning together," Zughaib, a Washington, D.C., artist,artist who attends the Pennsylvania Marti said. On opening day alone,chose the prayer rug as her subjectAcademy of Fine Arts, created an 3,000 people filed through the exhibit,because, as she explained, "in times ofunusual 3-square-inch art book that which was covered by television and tragedy, people look to a higher mean-unfolds into a swastika to express the daily newspapers. ing for solace." She wanted viewers toher anger at the terrorists. Inside the

274 INFORMATION BULLETIN o

ao squares that make up the swastika are photos of the terrorists with wounds and blood dripping from their faces. "After the FBI identified the 19 terrorists, I started drawing squares next to each other. Immediately something clicked. I drew a swastika of squares, figuring I would put the terrorists' mug shots inside. It would be a political statement. Al Qaeda's belief system, like the Nazis, was to annihilate, and I felt they were fascists," said Caparella, who as a reporter had covered extremist groups such as white suprema- cists, black organized drug crime, and La Cosa Nostra, the mob. The tiny book has a huge impact. As a closed book, it appears pretty and delightful with a white silk cover, and the first effort to open the book reveals an interior of lovely blue, much like the perfect sky on the morning of September 11. But as the book unfolds, so does the shock of seeing the grim mug shots and the realiza- tion that the object is a swastika. Yuset El Ann Unlike the others, Helga Thomson, a Maryland artistIllustrators Maira Kalman and Rick Meyerowitz, and and printmaker, created her work titled "Towers" beforetheir work, "Newyorkistan," below. 9 / 11, in the summer of 2001. Her original intention was to depict conflicts and contrasts between the digital and analog worlds. "In the 'Towers' print, I tried to convey the idea that something high from above, big and powerful, was encroaching over the innocent, small people down below. A sort of danger was looming and approaching," Thomson said. She did not have a premonition of the attacks, she said. But after the disaster, an art collector looked at Thomson's piece and pointed out, "These are the Twin Towers and those are the people in distress and agony." "In an instant I could see the 9 / 11 tragedy, and my print acquired an everlasting new identity," Thomson said. At the Oct. 24 Gallery Talk, illustrators Maira Kalman and Rick Meyerowitz discussed the cover they created for the New Yorker magazine, which three months after September 11, gave New Yorkers something to laugh about. The cover featured a map of New York City divided into numerous areas and renamed with Afghanistan-sound- ing words. For example: Wall Street became the Moolahs, Greenwich Village, the Khouks, and an area of future development, Trumpistan. Other names on the map were Central Parkistan, Khaffeine, Botoxia, Perturbia, Taxistan, Blahniks, Gaymenistan, Yhanks, Khlintunisia and many more. The nearby Connecticut suburbs were dubbed Khakis and Kharkeez. "When the cover appeared, it's as if a dark cloud seemed to lift. People laughed again," said Kalman, a writer and illustrator of children's books. The timing was fortunate; New Yorkers were ready to see some humor. "If it came out earlier, many would have been infuriated, and if it came out later, no one would have cared," she said. The artists said the idea for the cover came about spon- The New Yorker Magazine liked it so much it featured taneously during a conversation in a car on the way to athe map on its Dec. 10, 2001, front cover, instead of the back party. Because the United States had just started bombingpage where it was originally intended to run. The public's Afghanistan, Meyerowitz and Kalman were discussingfavorable response persuaded the magazine to sell copies of Afghan tribalism and the names of the Afghan tribes. its cover in poster form. Enjoying the sound of the Afghan names, the artists "The popularity of the image still amazes us," said applied them to New York City, which they felt had itsMeyerowitz. own fair share of tribes. "We were just having fun," Mey- erowitz said. Donna Urschel is a freelance writer.

DECEMBER 2002 275 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 0

WITNESS & RESPONSE Teaching the Other Muslims, Non-Muslims and the Stories They Teach

By DONNA URSCHEL selves as Pakistanis. C cholars from Amer- "The construction Oica and the Islamic of the self is always world gathered at the simultaneous with the Library thisfallto constructionofthe explore and discuss other," said Saigol. how their cultures are InPakistanitext- depicted in textbooks, booksofthelast primarily in the his- few years, Muslims tory, geography and aredepictedasa literature curriculum "besieged self," and of the middle and high all the "others," the school years. Yusef El Amt Christians and Jews, Participants of theDirector of the Library's Office of Scholarly Programs Prosserare represented as the Oct.25workshop,Gifford (left) convenes a panel including participants Azyumardiattackers. Saigol said, titled "Teaching theAzra, Susan Douglass and Rubina Saigol. "I think it's because Other: Muslims, Non- alloverthe world Muslims and the Sto- Muslims are feel- ries They Teach," revealed failures insia, the largest Muslim country in theing besiegedin Israel, Bosnia and many textbooks to portray accurately world, promotes mutual respect andChechnya." and comprehensively the civiliza-cooperation among adherents of its Susan Douglass, from the Council tions of the "other," America's viewfive main religions, Islam (followedon Islamic Education in Fountain of Islamic countries and the Muslim by 87 percent of its population), Prot-Valley, Calif., discussed how Islam world's view of the West. One prob-estantism, Catholicism, Hinduism andwas inadequately depicted in U.S. lem occurs in Saudi Arabia, where ele-Buddhism. world history textbooks. She said, mentary through high school students This inter-religious harmony is"In the United States in the 1960s and receive no textbook lessons on worldreflected in state-produced textbooks.early 1970s, Islam did not play any cultures. The consensus: Azra said, "In general,role in the curriculum at all. When more textbook revision is there are no negative orinformation came into textbooks in needed. bad descriptions of fol- the 1970s and 1980s, it was ludicrously Michael W. Suleiman, lowers of other religions,incorrect and significantly flawed. By professorofpolitical especially non-Muslims inthe mid-1980s, Islam became a stan- science at Kansas State textbooks of Indonesia." dard topic in textbooks, but there were University, warned, "We Unlike Indonesia, Paki-many errors and biases." need to be open-minded stan, in its state-prepared Even in the 1990s, there were "textual on both sides. We want textbooks, presents intol-land mines." For example, one textbook to avoid a clash of civili- erant and negative imagescontained an "excellent feature to help zations." of the religious "other,"students understand people from other Theworkshop,co- according to Rubinalands" by looking up close at an indi- sponsored by the Office Saigol, the Society for thevidual, such as a Samurai soldier, his of Scholarly Programs Advancement of Educa-clothing, food and role in society. These andtheAfricanand tion, in Lahore, Pakistan.features were dispersed throughout the Middle Eastern Division, The main religious "other" book. "When it came time to cover the consisted of three panels: Yusef El-Amin in Pakistan is the HinduMuslim world, the book featured a Religion, Tolerance and Michael Suleiman"other." She looked atcamel, unaccompanied by any human Identity;History:Dif- textbooks in the middlebeing." Douglass said. ferent Perspectives; and Ethnicity:and secondary levels and found many "It took 11 years of work and interac- Images of the Other. stories on how Hindus were "tricksters, tion with the publisher to get the camel conniving and scheming." replaced by a scholar," she said. Religion,Tolerance and Identity Saigol attributes this negative per- Douglass said books in the United Azyumardi Azra, rector of thespective to the animosity betweenStates are changing to better depict Agama Islam Negeri Institute inIndia and Pakistan, starting with theIslam, but progress isslow. She Jakarta, Indonesia, launched the firstviolent 1947 split of Pakistan fromalso credited the Freedom Forum in panel on a positive note when heIndia. Afterwards, Pakistan needed toArlington, Va., with issuing guidelines discussed tolerance of the religiousconstruct a new national identity andfor teaching about different religions "other" in Indonesia. He said Indone-persuade its citizens to think of them-in the public school curriculum.

276 INFORMATION BULLETIN

,7 34:)2 All photos by Yusef El-Amin Other presenters at the workshop included (from left)Tarici Rahman, Karima Alavi, Gregory Starrett, Mounir Farah, Abdelkader Ezzaki and Fatiha Hamitouche.

History: Different Perspectives Israel referred to him as "part Wash-in the Middle East? No. There was no Pakistani textbooks were discussedington, part Moses with a halo ofmovement for self-evaluation or critical again in the second panel on "History:silvery hair." In contrast, the profile onthinking about what they're teaching in Different Perspectives." Tariq Rahman, Ayatollah Khomeini of Iran describedschools," he added. professor of linguistics and Southnegative features, "hooded eyes, an In Farah's subsequent presentation, Asian Studiesat Quaid-I-Azammuntidy, severe look ... the image is the he examined the textbooks of Saudi University, in Islamabad, Pakistan, man." Arabia, Syria and Jordan and revealed presented charts showing how images Gregory Starrett, associate profes-noteworthy findings. In Saudi Arabia, of the "other" varied according to thesor of anthropology, University ofthe textbooks do not deal with world type of school. North Carolina, Charlotte, discussed civilizations outside of the Middle Intheelitist,English-speakingEgyptian textbooks on Islamic studies East. schools that educate primarily wealthy from the 1980s and how they treat non- "What struck me, and I'm still students, positive Western images wereMuslims in two very different ways. In shocked at, is how the Saudi textbooks the norm. But in the vernacular institu- texts on the history of the Muslim com-have a huge gap in covering world tions, where students spoke Urdu andmunity, the lessons portray non-Mus- civilizations. If you look at the texts Sindhi, the images of the "other" werelims (primarily pagans and Jews) asfrom elementary to high school, there anti-Hindu, anti-India, and the Westtreacherous populations, and the dutyis nothing on Latin America, North was ignored. This anti-Hindu, anti-of the Muslims is the duty to fight. ButAmerica, Europe, China, India and India and non-West bias also appearedin sections dealing with the contempo- ancient Greek-Rome civilizationsas in English-speaking schools of non-elit-rary world, the texts counsel students if they don't exist! The focus is on the ist students. that citizenship rights of non-MuslimsMiddle East, Saudi Arabia and the Karima Alavi looked at how Ameri- are absolute, and Muslims need to treatIslamic civilization," Farah explained. can textbooks view the Islamic Revolu-others with kindness and respect. Unlike Saudi Arabia, the textbooks tion of Iran. Alavi, director of Islamic in Syria include "plenty of coverage of World Services and a teacher at theEthnicity: Images of the Other world history and world geography." Dar al-Islam Teachers' Institute in At the start of the third panel, Mounir The information, however, is data, such New Mexico, focused her examinationFarah, professor of education andas population, products and size of on three textbooks used to teach theMiddle East studies at the Universityareas, and contains very little analysis Advanced Placement World Historyof Arkansas, came to the defense of the of cultural regions, Farah explained. course in high schools. United States. "In the United States, in Further along in its efforts is Jordan, She found failings in all three books:all fairness, I have to say, we have beenwhich is swiftly making changes in its "WorldCivilizations: The Global the pioneer in this direction. Back in the treatment of ancient world civilizations Experience: 1450 to Present" by Peter1970s, we formed an image committeeand modern world history. It received Stearns, a professor at George Mason to look at textbooks in the U.S. and seefunding from the World Bank in 1989- University; Richard Bulliet's "Thehow they portrayed the Middle East," 1999 to prepare a new curriculum on Earth and Its People: A Global His-he said. world studies and to train teachers. tory Since 1550"; and "Traditions and "Shortly following that, the MiddleFarah said he, himself, directed the Encounters" by Jerry Bentley. Each ofEast Studies Association formed a com- writing of the revised textbooks. them leaves out one or more majormittee, chaired by Michael Suleiman, Abdelkader Ezzaki, professor of issues that were important factors ina speaker on this very panel, and con-education at Mohamed V University Middle Eastern history, according totinued the work. It did have an impactin Rabat, Morocco, looked at middle Alavi. on textbooks. Although there's muchschool textbooks in Morocco in three Alavi also pointed out "loaded lan-to be done, we have seen a noticeablesubjects, Islamic studies, social studies guage in educational materials." In aimprovement, a remarkable change and foreign language. Time magazine product for classroomin textbooks and in teacher training," In Islamic studies texts, Ezzaki found use called "Leaders of Revolutions,"Farah said. no direct reference to "the other." The the profile on David Ben-Gurion of "Was there a comparable movement continued on page 279

DECEMBER 2002 277 31 3 Women in the Global Community Istanbul Meeting on Muslim Women Now Online

By MARY-JANE DEEB For many years, the Library of Congress has collaborated with the Fulbright program (administered by the U.S. State Department under its Bureau of Educational and Cul- tural Affairs) by briefing Fulbright scholars traveling abroad aboutParticipants interviewed at the Istanbul conference on "Womenin the Global the countries they wereCommunity" included Abla Amawi, Akile Gursoy and Najat Khelil. to visit and describing the Library's holdings in their field. Roberts College, built of stone with In addition to the formal program, A new collaborative project betweenred tiled roofs, which is located onthe ITS team videotaped interviews the Library and the Fulbright programhilly grounds covered with gardensby this writer with six exceptional was initiated last spring, when the State and overlooks the Bosphorus. TheMuslim women who were attending Department asked the Library to vid-conference opened with remarksthe conference for the Library's Web eotape a September conference it wasby Sevket Pamuk, the vice rector ofsite on Muslim societies (www.loc.gov/ sponsoring on "Women in the Globalthe university; Robert Pearson, U.S.locvideo/mslm/globalmuslim.html). Community" in Istanbul, Turkey. Ambassador to Turkey; and Patricia S.Two each are from Afghanistan, Turkey The Fulbright office was eager toHarrison, assistant secretary of state for and the Arab world. have the Library of Congress film theeducational and cultural affairs at the Abla Amawi is a young, single program for its Web site because of theDepartment of State. mother of a 10-year-old girl, and an high quality of the cybercast programs During the three-day conference,assistant resident representative of produced by the Library's Informationmore than 80 participants took partthe United Nations Development Technology Services (ITS) team onin 11 panels and seven discussionProgram (UNDP) based in Amman, the Library's Web site. The Fulbrightgroups.PanelpresentationsandJordan. Raised in a conservative family office wanted to preserve and makediscussion groups focused on topicsin Jordan, she received a doctorate in accessible to a much wider audiencesuch as women's roles in education,politics from Georgetown University. this important program, which its staffinformationandcommunicationShe turned down an academic career had worked so hard to organize. technologies, public health, economicin the United States to work on prob- At the same time, the Library'spolicy, civil society, war and peace,lems of gender and poverty in the African and Middle East Division andand the political role of women. ThereMiddle East. Office of Scholarly Programs were inter-were also four country-specific panels Akile Gursoy is the chair of the ested in including the conference on theon Afghanistan, Egypt, Tunisia andDepartment of Social Anthropology Library's Web site to expand its outreach Turkey, which covered a variety ofat Yeditepe University in Turkey. She in international programs that enhanceissues from reform of personal statusis currently the head of the Turkish the understanding of other cultures.laws and women in the media, to assis-delegation to the International Union Additionally, the raw videotapes would tance to women refugees in countriesof Anthropological and Ethnological become part of the Library's collections that experienced prolonged periodsSciences, and the founder and presi- and complement existing materials. of war. Most participants came fromdent of the Association for Social Sci- The members of the Fulbright teamMuslim countries such as those repre-ences and Health. The granddaughter included Renee Taft and Effie Wingate, sented on the country-specific panels, of the first prime minister of Turkey senior program officer and programas well as from other nations such asunder Attaturk, her research work has officer, respectively, from the Bureau ofMorocco, Algeria, Iran and Pakistan. focused on poor working women in Educational and Cultural Affairs at the The Library's team filmed the intro-urban areas. State Department. The Library's ITSductory program and every panel Najat A. Khelil is the president of the team included Multimedia Coordina-discussion, as well as the banquetArab Women's Council Research and tor Elizabeth Wulkan and multimediaspeakers on the last night of the con- Education Fund and is a trained nuclear specialists Dennis Armbruster, Patrick ference at the Esma Sultan Yalisi Palace. physicist who obtained her doctorate Raison, Kevin White and Amber York, With many of the presentations takingfrom the State University of North who provided the engineering andplace at the same time, the productionTexas. She has taught at the University technical expertise. team used two cameras to ensure thatof Algiers, George Washington Univer- The conference took place from Sept. they captured the full conference onsity and Shaw University in Raleigh, 18-21 at Bogazici University, formerlyvideotape. N.C., and she has lectured on women's

278 INFORMATION BULLETIN issues around the world from Jerusalem to Moscow, Toronto and Beijing. She is a former Ful- bright grantee. Gulsun Sag lamer was elected by the faculty to the presidency of Istanbul Technical University in 1996. She is the first woman in Turkey to hold this position in theGulsun Saglamer, Laila Enayat-Seraj and Sima Wall were inter- prestigious 225-year-old engineer-viewed by the Library's Mary-Jane Deeb (below right). ing and architecture institution and the only woman in Europe to havein Geneva and worked for variousannual Ginetta Sagan Fund done so. Not only does she run the uni-organizations, including UNDP. HerAward, and served last year versity, teach and write, but she has alsoreal love, though, is art and poetry, andas one of only three women designed many of the new buildings inshe has recently translated from Per-delegates to the U.N. peace Istanbul and elsewhere in Turkey. sian the poems of an Afghani poetesstalks on Afghanistan. Lai la Enayat-Seraj is the daughterwho wrote 1,000 years ago. The conference and the of a former Afghani ambassador to Sima Wali isthe president andinterviews can be viewed Egypt who studied at the Americanchief operating officer of the Refugeeon the Library's Web site at University in Cairo. She returned toWomen in Development organizationwww.loc.gov/locvideo/fulbright. Afghanistan and married, but whenthat focuses on re-integrating women the Russian invasion took place, sheliving in conflict and post-conflict soci- Mary-Jane Deeb is an Arab World Area fled to the United States where sheeties. An Afghani refugee to the United specialist in the African and Middle East continued her studies in internationalStates herself, she is the recipient of Division and a recommending officer for affairs. She joined the United NationsAmnesty International's 1999 third Islamic materials.

Teaching "Our purpose is to teach highlightsto identify Western leaders more often continued from page 277 of American literature through textthan Arab world leaders. analysis adapted to the students' back- In Tunisia, Suleiman asked the stu- texts present the Islamic tradition fol-ground. We make the students aware dents to rank 22 countries according to lowed in Morocco, which preachesof the topics and thoughts of U.S. litera- preference. "The Arab countries came moderation, as opposed to extremism,ture through its historical periods, andout on top, and at the top of the Arab in all walks of life, including politics,we draw thematic parallels betweencountries are Saudi Arabia and Pales- social activities and ethical issues. "TheAmerican and Algerian literature intine," Suleiman said. With elementary key word here is tolerance," Ezzakiorder to underline common principlesstudents, the United States ranked said. The social studies textbooks con-and similar human patterns of thought11th, with secondary school students tain a great variety of topics, includingin literature, cultures and religion asit ranked 14th and with technical histories of Europe to South America,well," she explained. institute students it ranked 19th. "The and the foreign language books also The new approach seemed to reducehigher the education of the student, the provide a variety of images, which arethe gap between the two cultures. "Stu-lower the opinion of the United States," mostly positive with regard to Britishdents learned about both cultures, theSuleiman explained. and American cultures. American and their own, which they Offering thoughts on the teaching of But Ezzaki added a disclaimer: "It ishad an opportunity to talk about,"the "other," Suleiman said, "The 'other' no secret that there is a strong dissatis-Hamitouche said. After a while, theis something every country faces, every faction among youngsters with the fornew approach brought a comfort-individual, also, and it is changing all eign policy of America and the Westernable atmosphere and feeling amongthe time." world and its unconditional support ofstudents and a feeling of acceptance He referred to a paradox in the way Israel against the Palestinians." and tolerance between teachers andthe United States views the Middle East A successful approach to teachingstudents, she said. and the way the Middle East views the the "other" occurs at the University of Suleiman was the final speaker; heUnited States. "Many countries in the Algiers. Fatiha Hamitouche, an associ- discussed opinion surveys of schoolArab / Muslim world have really excel- ate professor of language and linguis-children in Morocco and Tunisialent working relationships, and almost tics at the university, discussed theand also offered a few concludingalliances, with the United States, and textbooks designed by the Americanremarks. yet American views of the Arab / Language Center for teaching English Suleiman said children in MoroccoMuslim world, especially post-9 / 11, literature, after the school detected anknew they were Muslim and Arabare quite negative, and Arab views of animosity that students brought to theand had a well-defined sense of self.United States are negative." study of foreign cultures. When he asked them what nationality Suleiman said the two sides need "We tried to adopt a differentthey would want to be if they were notto address these issues and determine approach based on humanistic psy-Moroccan, the children often said, "Ifwhat causes these opinions. He said chology. Its principle is based on theI were not Moroccan, I would want to tolerance and acceptance of the "other" opening up of students to expressbe Moroccan." In political terms, theneeds to be encouraged. themselves and to share experiences,"Moroccan children were Western-ori- Hamitouche said. ented in terms of news. They were able Donna Urschel is a freelance writer.

DECEMBER 2002 279 1) 5 6 4. `First Great Triumph' Author Discusses American Imperialism

BY GEORGETTE M. DORN The Hispanic Division of the Library of Congress launched its Ambassa- dors' Lecture series with a presentation by Ambassador Warren Zimmermann on Oct. 24, in the Mary Pickford The- ater. Zimmermann spent 33 years in the s Foreign Service; his postings included Venezuela, France, Austria, Spain and the Soviet Union. He was the last U.S. ambassador in Yugoslavia; the book he wrote about that experience, "Origins of a Catastrophe: Yugoslavia and Its Destroyers" (Times Books, 1996), won the American Academy of Diplomacy Award in 1997. Zimmermann has also taught at Columbia and Johns Hopkins universities. The topic of Zimmermann's lecture was his most recent book, "First Great Triumph: How Five Americans Made Their Country a World Power" (Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2002), which he researched entirely using the collections at the Library of Congress. He began his talk by saying that Ambassador Warren Zimmermann spoke at the Library Oct. 24. "[while] today the United States ischase of Alaska). Also, presidential Single-minded and self-confident, preparing an attack against Iraq... authority had been strengthened byLodge pushed Roosevelt "in the right my book is about the first one, whenthe end of the 19th century; the war fol- direction." It was John Cabot Lodge the United States attacked Spain overlowed an extraordinary post-Civil Warwho managed the Treaty of Paris, Cuba [in 1898]." He went on to analyzeeconomic boom; the nation's militarysigned on Dec. 10, 1898, under which a critical period in United States his-had expanded as a result of the CivilSpain ceded the Philippines, Cuba and torybetween 1898 and 1909whenWar; and finally, "the opportunity wasPuerto Rico to the United States. the nation became one of the world'sthere." Spain was a weak power and Naval strategist Alfred T. Mahan, major colonial powers. Americans were antagonistic towardsdescribed by Zimmermann as "the aus- According to Zimmermann, in 1891, that country, he said. But most impor- tere intellectual sailor," provided a ration- on the eve of the Spanish-Americantant, "the right people were there." ale for American expansion and stressed War, the U.S. Navy was uncertain Within two months of vanquishingthe importance of a two-ocean navy. whether it could take on its ChileanSpain in Cuba, the U.S. Navy destroyedWithin a decade of the Spanish-Ameri- counterpart after two American sailorsthe Spanish fleet off Manila and seized can War, the country became the world's were killed in a Valparaiso bar. But afterGuam, giving the United States a pres-second naval power after Britain. the Spanish-American War, the Unitedence in Asia. America also replaced the John Hay, the most complex of the States emerged as a world power. There Spanish empire as the dominant powerfive, a humane and civil statesman is no doubt that the process "was a cul- in the Caribbean. and secretary of state under Presi- mination not an aberration," according Zimmermann spoke about the fivedent McKinley, devised a coherent to Zimmermann. Within a dozen years "fathers of American imperialism":U.S. policy towards Asia. Although or so, President Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt, John Cabot Lodge,not a "flag-waver" according to Zim- could claim that "we have definitelyAlfred T. Mahan, John Hay and Elihumermann, he saw a role for American taken our place among the greatRoot. Roosevelt, who fought in Cubaimperialism modeled on that of Great powers of the world." and served as president from 1901 toBritain. More liberal than many of his Zimmermann made five important1909, was an unabashed expansionistcontemporaries, Hay also favored self- points in his presentation. First, hewho saw war as a "romantic, enno- determination for the Cuban people. noted that the war against Spain fol-bling and purifying" undertaking. In Corporate lawyer Elihu Root helped lowed a period of growing Americanmany ways he was the moving forcethe imperialist venture, reluctantly at expansionism (which included thein making the United States a worldfirst, Zimmermann observed, by cre- Mexican-American War and the pur-power, said Zimmermann. continued on page 283

280 INFORMATION BULLETIN Surviving the Internet Strategies for the High-Tech Reference Desk

By LAURA GOTTESMAN Dictionary, etc.; and I/ Tihe Internet is here to the "Invisible Web" Recommended I stay, right or wrong. It databases that aren't found Online Resources will hurt, and it will take us by search engines and can awhile to get it right...[but] only be accessed through Web Survival Tool the public needs us [refer- a particular page or front- Google (www.google.com). ence librarians] more than end. McDermott pointed Ready Reference ever. Our role has changed to the Library of Congress' Internet Public Library (www.ipl.org). from gatekeeper to teacher American Memory Web site "Every link in this searchable collection of critical information evalu- as an example of this (http: has been carefully selected, cataloged ation skills." //memory.loc.gov/). and described by a member of the IPL Irene McDermott, a refer- McDermottcautioned staff. Use their reference section for cur- ence and systems librarian at Irene McDermottthe audience that librarians rent links to answer those pesky homework questions." the San Marino (Calif.) Public should be careful not to take The Information Please Almanac Library and a columnist for Searchertheir skepticism to an extreme, in spite (www.infoplease.com). "This is a great magazine, opened the fall season of theof the questionable accuracy of some destination for quick answers to many Library of Congress' Luminary Lectures Web resources. Sharing an example of questions. Find maps, definitions, and @ Your Library series on Oct. 25 with her this from her own life, she spoke about brief biographies here." talk "Surviving the Internet: Strategieshow online, freely accessible medical Business Resources for the High-Tech Reference Desk." resources had helped her find infor- Hoover's Online (www.hoovers.com). McDermott, whose book,"Themation on clinical trials that helped to "This is the best site for reliable, and often Librarian's Internet Survival Guide:save her husband's life when he was free, business information on the Web." Strategies for the High-Tech Infor-diagnosed with a potentially terminal Yahoo! Finance (finance.yahoo.com). mation Desk" was publishedinillness. "A comprehensive portal for current and September by Information Today When someone in the audience historical company data." Inc., spoke to the gathered crowd ofasked, "So what do you say to the Law Resources Washington-area librarians about theargument that we are taking questions Nolo (www.nolopress.com). "For 30 role that librarians can play in helpingaway from local libraries?" refer- years, Nolo Press has been putting the to guide their patrons to high-qualityring to the Library of Congress' new law into plain English. Use their 'Law Internet resources. The subtitle of herAsk a Librarian Service, McDermott Centers' for free information on every- talk"How I Stopped Worrying andresponded, "It seems to me that there day legal topics." Learned to Love the Web"addressedare plenty of questions to go around ... Find law(www.findlaw.com)."It the underlying anxiety of librariansthe beauty of the Web is that it doesn't features a legal subject index, access to cases and codes, information about law grappling with change. matter where you are." schools, law reviews and legal associa- McDermott outlinedwhat she The Luminary Lectures series at the tions and organizations." called the "Five Quality Points" thatLibrary of Congress is part of a national, Legal Information Institute at Cornell she looks for when assessing the qual- public education initiative called @ your University (www.law.cornell.edu). ity of a Web site: authority: What arelibraryTM, the Campaign for America's "Find state laws, federal laws and laws the authors' credentials? "A good WebLibraries, which is sponsored by the from around the world." page is always signed"; currency: Is itAmerican Library Association. The Medical Resources up to date? If it hasn't been updatedLibrary of Congress, along with librar- Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Ther- in more than six months, the page isies in all 50 states, is participating in this apy (www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual). "jurassic"; accuracy/bias: Might themultiyear campaign designed to show- "Lists the causes, symptoms and prog- creators have a hidden agenda?; com-case public, school, academic and spe- nosis of everything that can go wrong mercialism: Are the creators trying tocial libraries nationwide and to remind with you." sell something?; and scope/coverage:the public that libraries are dynamic, Merck Manual Home Edition (www. Does the information answer the ques- modem community centers for learning, merckhomeedition.com). tion in sufficient depth? Mayo Clinic (www.mayoclinic.com). information and entertainment. "The famous Mayo Clinic in Minnesota She also described what she called For more information on the Luminary offers this portal for reliable, general "the three World Wide Webs": Lectures series, including cybercasts of information about many different ail- the "Open Web "anything online selected programs, see the Luminary ments and conditions." that can be found freely with a searchLectures @ Your Library Web site at engine; Other Useful Links www.loc.gov/rr/program/lectures. ConsumerSearch (www.consumer- the "Gated Web"online research.com). "This site pulls consumer sources accessible only by subscription; Laura Gottesman is a digital reference advice from various consumer resources e.g., Expanded Academic (ASAP); Con- specialist in the Public Service Collections into one place." temporary Authors; the Oxford English Directorate.

DECEMBER 2002 281 3117 Change in Japanese CorporateCulture Masahiko Aoki Delivers MansfieldLecture

By JOHN MARTIN the younger generation, Aoki said, the rr he abrupt change in the economic expectation of working for a single 1 fortunes of Japan that took place in employer for one's entire lifetime is no the 1990s was the context for the 2002 longer taken for granted. And Japan's Mansfield American-Pacific Lecture main bank, even if it overcomes the at the Library of Congress on Oct. 23, current financial crisis, Aoki predicts, which was delivered by Masahiko Aoki, will not regain the prominence it Henri and Tomoye Takahashi Professor enjoyed during the boom. Nor, as in the of Japanese Studies in the Department past, will the main bank be expected to of Economics at Stanford University. rescue financially distressed firms. Japan's economic reversal, the lack of Finally, the erosion of one-party measurable recovery (Japan's GDP is political rule signals a structural expected to fall 1 percent this year), and realignment of what Aoki termed "the the slow pace of what many consider to three-way collusion" between interest be urgently needed structural reforms, groups, politicians and bureaucrats have prompted some politicians and that previously controlled Japan's economists to speak ruefully of a "lost political economy. decade" when evaluating the Japanese Of course, these incipient changes are economy. confronted by the traditional emphasis Aoki challenged this view in his placed on achieving equality of out- lecture, "Whither Japanese Corporate Masahiko Aoki comes in the Japanese-style "shared Governance: Symptoms of Institutional firm," and the continuing temptation Change." He made his remarks as the "The conventional view seems toto seek big government solutions to the second speaker in this year's Mans-regard institutions as laws, regulations,bad debt problems of Japanese banks. field American-Pacific Lecture series.and explicit rules. In contrast, I regardThe tension between the old and the A companion lecture,"Corporateinstitutions as more than laws. Fornew, Aoki noted, is itself a reflection of Governance and the Democratizationexample, there are laws that are nei-institutional change. of Finance," was given by author andther observed nor enforced. If people "The coexistence of the emergent columnist James K. Glassman in Tokyo know that they can circumvent a drugphenomena that may gradually trans- on April 2. regulation by paying a bribe to the lawform the organizational architecture Despite the problems that Japanenforcement officer and such prac-with the persistent inertial forces, may has experienced since the 1990s, Aokitices are widespread, it seems morebe thought of as a typical characteristic detects signs of change and evolutionappropriate for the purpose of publicof the juncture point of institutional underway in Japan's corporate culturepolicy analysis to regard the bribery,evolution," he concluded. and business environment. "Japan israther than the unenforceable law, as In addition to his duties as professor now at a very important turning pointan institution." at Stanford University, Aoki is cur- of institutional evolution in general, Aoki proposed a normative viewrently the president and chief research and one of corporate governance inof institutions, one that encompassesofficer of the Research Institute of particular," he said. more than laws or regulations. "Insti-Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI) He takes issue, further, with those tutions," he said, "are the shared beliefsin Japan. His many books and publica- critics who view the past decade asin the ways the game is being playedtions include "Towards a Comparative one of little change and wasted oppor-in society." This tacit understanding ofInstitutional Analysis" (MIT Press, tunity. "I have come to feel at oddsthe "rules of the game," further, cannot2001) and "Information, Incentives, and with the characterization that Japan'sbe changed quickly through legislationBargaining in the Japanese Economy" immediate past was a lost decade.or other positive means. "In order for(Cambridge University Press, 1988). I have become more and more con- real change to occur, there must emerge The Mansfield Center for Pacific vinced that Japan has actually entereda critical mass of people who start toAffairs is a public policy organization an era of important institutional trans- question the old and accepted wayscommitted to promoting understand- formation, although the process is veryand start to competitively experimenting and cooperation between the slow... and not necessarily explicit orwith a new way" United States and Asia. The center and clearly visible." In his lecture, Aoki examined threethe lecture series are named in honor Whether one concludes that Japan'sstaples of the old economy to supportof the late Mike Mansfield, former U.S. economy is undergoing profoundhis belief that Japanese institutions hadambassador to Japan, and his wife, institutional transformation, or thatentered a transitional phase: the expec-Maureen. reforms are again failing in Japan, Aokitation of lifetime employment; the explained, depends on how one viewsdemise of the main thank system; andJohn Martin is a copyright examiner in the institutions. the decline of one-party rule. Among U.S. Copyright Office.

282 INFORMATION BULLETIN 30& Alger a, Energy, an America Algerianmister Speaks at Library

BY MARY-JANE DEEB Algerian Energy and Mining Minis- ter Chakib Khelil spoke at a Nov. 8 breakfast in his honor at the Library on "The Newly Formed Energy Com- opt mission: Implications for the United States." Co-sponsored by the African 5764-' and Middle Eastern Division of the Library and the Corporate Council on 10" Africa, the program was made possible by the financial support of Anadarko Petroleum Corporation and Amerada Hess Corporation. Director of Area Studies Carolyn Brown welcomed the audience of energy experts, businessmen, congressional staff, academics, diplomats and A viewof Algiers, ca. 1899, from the Library's collections media, and then turned the podium over to Stephen Hayes, president of thegram (UNEP), the United NationsAlgeria, eliminate gas flaring in Nigeria Corporate Council on Africa (CCA). HeDevelopment Program (UNDP), theand increase exports to Europe via Alge- talked about the various programs CCAAfrican Development Bank, the Worldria's already existing pipelines. Another was sponsoring, including the AfricaEnergy Council and others, the Africandevelopment project is the completion of Summit in June, which will bring Afri-Energy Commission (AFREC) was set a road from Nigeria to Algeria via Niger. can heads of states, foreign ministersup at the 37th Summit Conference ofThis would enhance trade and regional and others together with top businessOAU heads of state and governmentintegration in northwest Africa, and leaders in the United States to discussin Lusaka, Zambia, in July 2001. Thethe increased revenues would permit the possibilities of investing in Africa. commission now represents continen-the development of Niger's water and Gregory Pensabene, vice president for tal Africathe countries of both Northagriculture resources. government relations and public affairs and Sub-Saharan Africaand its aim is Khelil concluded by saying that of Anadarko Petroleum Corporation,to protect, preserve, develop, exploitthese developments are important for introduced Minister Khelil and praisedand market the oil and gas resources the United States as well as Africa. He his achievements both at the World of Africa. AFREC works to ensure thatsaid that new sources of oil and natural Bank (from 1980 to 1999) and, sincethe wealth generated by those naturalgas have been discovered in Sao Taome 1999, as Algerian Minister of Energyresources is used effectively to help and Equatorial Guinea that could make and Mining, president of the Organiza-eradicate poverty, assist rural devel-Africa an important energy partner for tion of Petroleum Exporting Countries opment and ensure industrializationthe United States in the near future. (OPEC) and president of the Organiza-and sustainable growth throughoutFurthermore, the development of these tion of Arab Petroleum Exporting Coun- the continent. Its purpose is also to energy resources, as well as the plans for tries (OAPEC). promote cooperation and regional andeconomic and infrastructural develop- Khelil described the reforms that have sub-regional integration. ment, would require foreign invest- taken place in the economic and politi- An energy data bank is one of the proj- ment and present new opportunities cal spheres of Algeria since 1990. Speak- ects in which AFREC is now involved.for American businesses. ing of the whole African continent, he AFREC has also identified a number of noted that the idea of an African Energy large inter-African energy projects such Mary-Jane Deeb is an Arab world area Commission was an old one datingas the building of a trans-Sahara gas specialist in the African and Middle back to 1980, when African govern-pipeline that would link Nigeria with Eastern Division. ments held an extraordinary economic summit in Lagos, Nigeria, and adopted Imperialism rialism, he noted, was the fact that the "Lagos Plan of Action." This plan continued from page 280 the United States felt an obligation to included, among other things, a recom- improve the condition of its colonial mendation to establish an energy com- ating in Cuba, Puerto Rico and thesubjects. However, Zimmermann mission to address the energy needs of Philippines "America's first colo-also pointed out America's brutal the continent. nial administration, transferring tosuppression of the Aguinaldo revolt After a series of meetings starting in it some of the best features of the in the Philippines. On the whole, he the 1980s between the members of the American legal system." said, American foreign policy should Organization of African Unity (OAU) In assessing whether the Unitedhave put greater trust in its colonial and various international bodies such as States was "a good colonial power," subjects. the United Nations Industrial Develop- Zimmermann said it was "probably ment Organization (UNIDO), the Food better than the others." Among the Georgette M. Dorn is chief of the and Agriculture Organization (FAO), positive aspects of American impe- Hispanic Division. the United Nations Environment Pro-

DECEMBER 2002 283 atr `.5 GLIN Expands Law Network Directors Gather for Annual Meeting

By JANICE HYDE of the GLIN.Taiwan Seventeennations team.Itsdirector, sent representa- Bin-Chung Huang, tives to Washington was able to report that thisyearforthe Taiwan's analysis and annual meeting of the transmissions of laws directors of the Global Willie Swinson to the GUN database Legal InformationGlenn Reitz, GLIN Legal Analyst for the U.S., delivers the U.S. statusis being kept current. Network (GLIN) inreport at the annual GLIN Directors' Meeting. Other panelists includeThe GLIN.Taiwan September, making it(from left) Rubens Medina, Law Librarian of Congress; Carmenreport also outlined the largest conferenceGarcia Mendieta and Eduardo Ghuisolfi of GLIN.Uruguay; Danplans for incorporating to date. GLIN countryChirita of GLIN.Romania; and Bin-Chung Huang of GLIN.Taiwan. retrospective material and organizational intothedatabase, members attended from Ecuador,ties to launch GUN in their respectivewhich will eventually include material Guatemala, Republic of Korea, Kuwait, areas. Delegations from the legislaturesfrom 1948 to the present. In recognition MERCOSUR (the "southern market"of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras,of its compliance with GUN standards trade federation comprising Argen-Nicaragua and Panama reported on theof contributing high-quality official tina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay),support being provided by the Inter-texts, and maintaining currency and Mexico, the Organization of American American Development Bank (IDB)completeness, Taiwan was presented States, Romania, Taiwan, Uruguay, theunder its GLIN-Americas initiative. with the GUN Model Station award United Nations and the United States. Guillermo Castillo, GLIN-Americas for 2002. Representatives from Albania, Belize, coordinator in the Information Tech- GUN directors from several coun- Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras,nology for Development Division of thetries, including Ecuador, Guatemala, Mauritania, Nicaragua, Panama and IDB, described the bank's GLIN-Ameri-Korea, Romania, and the United States, Peru, potential members of GLIN, alsocas initiative. Launched at the Summitdescribed their efforts to maintain the attended. During the meeting, Belize,of the Americas in 2001, the plan callscurrency of the data they transmit to Costa Rica, El Salvador and Hondurasfor three subregional components: inGUN. Carmen Garcia Mendieta, direc- joined the network of participatingthe first phase, Central American par-tor of GLIN.Uruguay, reported that over nations by formally signing the GLINliaments will be incorporated into thethe past year they put special emphasis Charter. Representatives from GLIN's network; the Caribbean legislatures willon "completeness," explaining that partner institutions, the Inter-American be the focus of the second phase; and inthey have begun to add such materi- Development Bank, the World Bank, the final phase, the legislatures of theals as circulars of the Central Bank to and the National Aeronautics and Space Andean countries will be linked. the GUN database. Both Ecuador and Administration (NASA) also attended. Eduardo Ghuisolfi, GLIN techni-Kuwait noted their efforts to partner At the opening session, Librarian ofcal specialist for GLIN.Uruguay andwith other institutions or nations. In Congress James H. Billington expressed GLIN.MERCOSUR, gave an overviewEcuador, the GLIN station is located in a appreciation to the attendees for their of the first IDB initiative, incorporatingnon-governmental agency, and its presi- commitment to sharing law and legalthe Central American parliaments intodent and GLIN director, Jaime Nogales information resources,particularlythe network. The IDB provided eachTorres, reached agreements with several during such troubled times. He praised country with the equipment neededagencies of the government of Ecuador collaborative ventures such as GLINto establish and run a GLIN stationto provide them legal research and refer- and noted that they are "the key toand designated GUN team membersence support through GUN. managing our digital future." to attend one of two training sessions At a recent meeting of the Arab In recalling the tragic events of oneheld in the region in May and June ofLeague, participating nations were year ago, Law Librarian of Congress and this year. Ghuisolfi provided technicalencouraged to join GLIN by represen- GLIN Executive Council Chair Rubens training for one of those sessions, and tatives of GLIN.Kuwait, who later met Medina noted that the large attendance his colleague from Uruguay, Gracielawith high-level officials in Egypt to per- was a "testament to the effort we haveBerriel, provided training for the legalsuade them to join the network. embarked upon together." Those assem- analysts, augmented by additional The uniqueness of the GLIN database bled have chosen, "to work together to training by Rubens Medina, Nickwas underscored by Garcia Mendieta, further the rule of law through peaceful Kozura and Janice Hyde from the Lawwho, in addition to heading the Uru- cooperation for the exchange of legal Library. The experience was a success-guay team, also serves as the GLIN information," he said. ful collaborative, regional approach to Director for GLIN.MERCOSUR. Garcia As in past years, members provided GLIN training, Ghuisolfi said. Mendieta noted that no other body or status reports on their GLIN team Among the status reports given byorganization has a database of MER- efforts, and several new and potentialdifferent countries, one of the more suc- COSUR instruments, which makes the GLIN members reported on their activi- cessful operations described was thatmaterial in GLIN especially important. e 284 3o INFORMATION BULLETIN C of

Expanding the types of legal informa- that the network expand to incorporatefull texts of laws to their corresponding tion that can be added to the database has more Asian countries. summaries in GUN covering the time been a priority for the Law Library. It has The second day of GLIN meetingsperiod of 1975-1997. been working with the Library's Infor- focused on basic business issues such Other presentations on the final day mation Technology Service (ITS) over theas the establishment of committees. included a report on the GLIN thesau- past year to develop a new input capa-Expansion of GLIN membership wasrus; a review of the European Union's bility that will enable GLIN membersdetermined to be a primary responsi-approach to legislative information sys- to begin to contribute court decisionsbility of the newly established member- tems, which are confronted with many to the database as well as statutes andship committee. A technical committeeof the same information technology and regulations. Ana Rosa Chavarria of thewas also formed to consider and refinecommunication issues as GLIN; and Supreme Court of Nicaragua informedmember proposals for GLIN systemcommentary by a World Bank attor- the audience that the GLIN legal analystupgrades / changes and to monitorney who urged that GUN members at the Supreme Court is sending sum- developments in the information tech-consider serving as the source for reli- maries of court decisions by e-mail to nology industry, among other things. able legal information to be delivered GLIN.Central for review until the GLIN The final day of formal meetingsthrough the bank's "Global Gateway." system has the capability to accept this opened with a Law Library presenta- Finally, using images of intercon- new category of legal information. tion delivered by Nick Kozura, GLINnected galaxies and the planet Mars, Several GUN members offered ideasproject manager. He discussed LawSusan Hoban, NASA Goddard Space to enhance the system and the network.Library plans to undertake a major Flight Center, spoke about the common Lakhsara Mint Die, who works for atechnical upgrade of GUN and encour- interests shared by NASA and GUN, German corporation in Mauritania andaged GUN Members to submit theirsuch as information security, network is striving to revive GLIN in Mauritania,suggestions to the technical commit-reliability and educational technolo- suggested changes in layout and lan-tee for consideration. In reviewing thegies. She suggested that these shared guage use, inclusion of other languageactivities of the past year, he reported interests can be realized through the thesauri, and the adoption of more cul- on the continuing efforts of Law Library implementation of the 2001 Memoran- turally appropriate color and design. staffers who input summaries and dum of Understanding between NASA Roberto Munoz, GUN director inscanned texts of laws for 16 Spanish- and the Library of Congress. Guatemala, requested a way to includeand Portuguese-speaking countries, as laws of indigenous peoples in GLIN.well as the beginning of a retrospective Janice Hyde is a program officer in the Law Finally, the Korean GLIN team asked effort to scan (from microfilm) and link Library. Noted Anthropologist Discusses Fossil Record By TOMOKO STEEN & WILLIAM SITTIG closely related to humans than they are Throughout his talk, Wood reiter- Evolutionary biology as a scienceto the great apes. Reconstructions of theated three important advances in the .1-2.is based on evidence provided byhuman line used to be only based on field: (1) scientists understand con- both fossils and DNA, explained Ber-fragmentary fossil remains. Sometimessiderably more than they did about nard Wood, a world-renowned physi-scientists misread the fossil record, andthe relationship of modern humans to cal anthropologist, in his Oct. 24 talksometimes they were misled, as in theearly hominids; they know the extent at the Library of Congress, which was case of the "Piltdown Man," whichto which less variable modern humans sponsored by the Science, Technology, is now in the history books as a greatcompare to their close relatives; and and Business Division. scientific hoax, he said. (See Piltdownthey know that phenotypes (morpho- Wood specializes in morphologi-Man, a Web site at http://home.tiac.net/logical characteristics) are not neces- cal studies of human origins, but hecri/piltdown/piltdown.html fora sarily good witnesses for genotypes began his lecture by stating, "Importantreport, which is replete with Web links(DNA and proteins). Just because two advances in understanding human ori- and bibliographies, about the supposedindividuals look alike does not neces- gins in the last 10 to 15 years did not nec- planting of hominid fossils in the Pilt-sarily mean that they evolved from a essarily come from the fossil record." down quarry, in Sussex, England.) common ancestor, he said. Since the 1960s, evolutionary biol- Wood also presented an interest- As an example of the second point, ogy has been subject to heated debatesing example of fossils that once were Wood added that a typical troop of between morphologists, who base theirbelieved to be the remains of humanAfrican monkeys contains more vari- research on the fossil data, and molecu-ancestors and later found to be fossilsability than the entire human popula- larists, who base theirs on the molecu-of modem apes whose cheekbones had tion. Wood concluded his talk by stat- lar data such as DNA and proteins.been eroded by the action of stronging that, without question, all humans The two schools, looking at the samewinds over many years. Wood stressed are derived from African ancestors, evolutionary pathway using thesethat the fossil record will always bealthough more investigations will be two different data, often come up withincomplete because there is no way forneeded to truly understand man's links conflicting results. Wood seems open-scientists to know how many fossilsto the past. minded about new discoveries. have never been found, nor do they Using molecular data presented in the know exactly where to look. He added Tomoko K. Steen is a research specialist, early 1960s, Wood pointed to the fasci-that, in any case, fossils are by nature and William Sittig is chief of the Science, nating finding that chimps are moreincomplete information. Technology, and Business Division.

DECEMBER 2002 285 New Collections Online Sheet Music, Utah, Everglades

athree-year competi-dust and debris, learning, love, and tionendingin1999laughter, and even trail tedium can be toenablenonfederalfound in these original "on the trail" public,researchandaccounts. The collection tells the sto- academic repositories tories of Mormon pioneer families and create digital collectionsothers who were part of the national of primary resources.westward movement, sharing trail Thesedigitalcollec-experiences common to hundreds of tions complement andthousands of migrants. enhance the American The source materialsforthis Memory collections. Thecollection are housed at Brigham Music for the Nation mostrecentcollectionsfundedYoung University, the University American Sheet Music is one ofthrough this initiative are "Trails toof Utah, Utah State University, the the new online American MemoryUtah and the Pacific: Diaries and Let- church archives of the Church of presentations available from theters, 1846-1869" and "Reclaiming theJesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Library's Web site at www.loc.gov.Everglades: South Florida's Naturalthe Utah State Historical Society, the Drawn from the Library's ownHistory, 1884-1934." University of Nevada at Reno, the extensive music collections, Churchill County Museum in "MusicfortheNation: Fallon, Nev., and Idaho State AmericanSheetMusic University. 1820-1860" offers more than 15,000 pieces of sheet music Reclaiming the Everglades registeredforcopyright "Reclaiming the Everglades: during the pre-Civil War South Florida's Natural His- years. It complements earlier tory, 1884-1934" includes a American Memory collec- rich diversity of unique or tions, "Music for the Nation: rare materialsfrom personal // 4:1;4/),POO /.tine., American Sheet Music 1870- l,rt. correspondence, essays, type- ff .1 Cli. scripts, reports and memos to 1885," "Band Music from the - of. Civil War Era" and "Sheet photographs, maps and post- Music from the Civil War Era." Trails to Utah and the Pacific cards, and publications from Complete page images for all the "Trails to Utah and the Pacific:individuals and the government. sheet music items are included inDiariesandLetters,1846-1869" Major topics and issues illustrated this new online collection, which alsoincorporates 49 diaries of pioneersinclude the establishment of the features two special presentations: atrekking westward across AmericaEverglades National Park; the growth list of the "greatest hits" of 1820-1860 to Utah, Montana and the Pacificof the modern conservation move- and a historical background essay onbetween 1847 and the completion ofment and its institutions, including the development of American musicthe continental railroad in 1869. Thethe National Audubon Society; the in this period by noted scholar anddiarists and their stories are the cen-evolving role of women on the politi- longtime Music Division specialisttral focus and the important voices incal stage; the treatment of Native Wayne Shirley. this collection, which also includesAmericans; the rights of individual The two "Music for the Nation" col-43 maps, 82 photographs and illus-citizens or private corporations vs. lections, for 1820-1860 and 1870-1885,trations, and seven published guidesthe public interest; and the account- are both available through a new,for immigrants. continued on page 287 common "Music for the Nation" page Twenty-three of the at http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/writersweretravel- mussmhtml/mussmhome.html. ers along the Mormon Here, sheet music items are search- Trail,while 20 were able by title, composer or subject. chroniclers of the Rmtaimin The other two new online collec-CaliforniaTrail,and tions come from other repositoriesthree wrote about their and are concerned with the local his-travels to Oregon. Sto- tory and culture of Utah and Florida.ries of persistence and With a gift from Ameritech in 1996,pain, birth and death, the Library of Congress sponsoredGod and gold,trail

286 3 12 INFORMATION BULLETIN 0

a s `To Preserve and Protect' Symposium Proceedings Published

II o Preserve and Protect: The The Silver Lining: Coping with 1 Strategic Stewardship of Cul- Theft, Vandalism, Deterioration, and tural Resources," a 300-page volume Bad Press. "Picking Up the Pieces: The containing papers by 22 recognized Lengthy Saga of a Library Theft" (Jean scholars, experts and professionals in W. Ashton); "The Federal Bureau of the fields of preservation and security, Investigation's Art Theft Program" has been published by the Library of (Lynne Chaffinch); "The Silver Lining: Congress. Recovering from the Shambles of a The papers, which explore the con- Disaster" (Camila A. Alire) nections between physical security and TO PRESERVE AND PROTECT Building the Budget: Promoting preservation of the nation's cultural Tile Await Srruan1slrip 10/110119 [UMW Your Program and Meeting Fund- heritage, were presented at a Library of ing Demands for Preservation and Congress symposium in October 2000 in Security. "Funding for Preservation: SECOND LIVRE conjunction with the Library's bicenten- De LAINIIIIIE DE v111.C31.1. The Strengths of Our Past" (Nancy E. nial celebration. The symposium, which Gwinn); "Securing Preservation Funds: was presented in affiliation with the National and Institutional Require- Association of Research Libraries and ments" (Deanna B. Marcum); "Strate- the Federal Library and Information gies for Funding Preservation and Center Committee, provided directors Security" (James G. Neal) and administrators of libraries, muse- r. Understanding Success: Mea- ums and archives the opportunity to suring Effectiveness of Preservation engage in dialogue on critical issues and Security Programs. "Measuring pertaining to the preservation and affikkriiiKAGIBIanbt the Effectiveness of Preservation and security of collections. Security Programs at the Library of The book is organized into eight sec- Experience" (Steven J. Herman); "Creat- Congress" (Francis M. Ponti); "Measur- tions. The essay topics and authors areing a Culture of Security in the Univer-ing Environmental Quality in Preserva- listed below. sity of Maryland Libraries" (Charles B. tion" (James M. Reilly) Cultural Heritage at Risk: Today'sLowry) ElectronicInformation and Stewardship Challenge. "Stewardship: The Big Picture: PreservationDigitization:Preservationand The Janus Factor" (Nancy M. Cline); StrategiesinContext."BuildingSecurity Challenges. "Preservation, "Learning to Blush: Librarians and the aNational Preservation Program:Security, and Digital Content" (Carl Embarrassment of Experience" (WernerNational Endowment for the Humani-Fleischhauer); "The Coming Crisis Gundersheimer) ties Support for Preservation" (Jeffreyin Preserving Our Digital Cultural As Strong as Its Weakest Link:M. Field);"Safeguarding HeritageHeritage" (Clifford A. Lynch); "Elec- Developing Strategies for a SecurityAssets: The Library of Congress Plan- tronic Information and Digitization: Program. "As Strong as Its Weakestning Framework for Preservation"Preservation and Security Challenges" Link: The Human Element" (Laurie(Doris A. Hamburg); "Taking Care: An (Maxwell L. Anderson) Sowd); "Developing a Plan for Collec-Informed Approach to Library Preser- People, Buildings, and Collec- tions Security: The Library of Congress vation" (Jan Merrill-Oldham) tions: Innovations in Security and Preservation. "Making the Library of Congress Secure: Innovation and Col- Online American Memory is a project laboration" (Kenneth E. Lopez); "What continued from page 286 of the National Digital Library Can We Afford to Lose?" (Abby Smith); Program of the Library of Con- "National Research Libraries and Pro- ability of government as a trustee ofgress. Its more than 100 collec- tection of Cultural Resources" (James F. public resources. The materials intionswhich range from papers Williams II) this online presentation are drawnof the U.S. presidents, Civil War "To Preserve and Protect: The from the collections of the Univer-photographs and early films of Strategic Stewardship of Cultural sity of Miami, International Uni-Thomas Edison to papers docu- Resources"a soft-cover volumeis versity and the Historical Museummenting the women's suffrage and available in the Library of Congress of Southern Florida. These collec-civil rights movements, Jazz Age Sales Shop for $23; for credit card tions are normally available onlyphotographs and the first base- orders, call (888) 682-3557. The Superin- by appointment. "Reclaiming theball cardsinclude more than 7.8 tendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954, Everglades" now makes thesemillion items from the collections Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954 is selling the valuable materials freely accessibleof the Library and those of other book for the same price. Cite stock to users worldwide. major repositories. number 030-001-00182-2 when ordering; telephone (866) 512-1800.

DECEMBER 2002 287 EST COPY AVAILABLE oo

»tr Center for the Book Publications New Items on Book History, Collecting, Collections

By JOHN Y. COLE

BOOKS Encouraging the historical study of the role of books and print culture GIVE US in society is an important Center for Perspectives WINGS the Book mission. Approximately two-thirds of the Center for the on Book's 107 publications in the past 25 years (54 books and 53 pamphlets) menca concern historical topics. For a com- AkTHE CENTER FOR THE BOOK plete list of the center's publications, Book LIBRARY OF CONGRESS see www.loc.gov/cfbook/. Two recent historically-oriented ARTIFACTS AND volumes are "Perspectives on American Book History: History COMMENTARY Artifacts and Commentary" (University of Massachusetts Press, 2002), published in association with the Center for the Book and the American Antiquarian Society; and "Collectors & Special Collections: Three Talks" (Library of Congress, 2002), published in association with the Center for the Book and the Library's Rare Book and Special Col- lections Division. The center sponsored a symposium in connection with each volume and made a financial contribution to their publication. Editors and contributors to "Perspectives on American Book History," a major new text for university-level courses in American print culture, gathered at the Library of Con- gress on Oct. 21 to discuss the book, its potential classroom uses, and book history as a field of study. The half-day sym- Edited bySCOTT E. CASPER, JOANNE D. CHAISON, posium, open to the public, was sponsored by the Center AND JEFFREY D. GROVES for the Book in cooperation with the American Antiquarian Society in Worcester, Mass., and the Washington Area Print Studies Group, which meets monthly at the Library of Con- gress in cooperation with the Library's Office of Scholarlypress, commentaries on authorship and reading, and Programs and the Center for the Book. illustrations. The essays place these primary source mate- The editors of "Perspectives on American Book History"rials in their historical, literary, and political contexts and are Scott E. Casper, University of Nevada, Reno; Joannemodel the ways that students might approach them. The D. Chaison, American Antiquarian Society; and Jeffrey D.volume concludes with "Resources for Studying Ameri- Groves, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, Calif. Each par-can Book History: A Selective, Annotated Bibliography," ticipated in the symposium, along with contributors Nancyby Joanne D. Chaison. The enclosed CD-ROM includes Cook, University of Rhode Island; Patricia Crain, Univer-nearly 200 digital images, captioned and keyed to differ- sity of Minnesota; Glenn Wallach, Horace Mann School,ent chapters. New York City; and Robert A. Gross, professor of history The paperbound edition of "Perspectives on American and American studies at the College of William and Mary,Book History: Artifacts and Commentary" (ISBN 1- 55849- Williamsburg, Va., and former chair of the program in the317-4) is available for $24.95 from the University of Mas- history of the book at the American Antiquarian Society, sachusetts Press (www.umass.edu/umpress); the library who wrote the introductory essay. cloth edition (ISBN 1-55849-316-6) is available for $70. The volume is part of the University of MassachusettsBoth editions are also available in the Library of Congress Press series, Studies in Print Culture and the History of theSales Shop. Book. Paul M. Wright, editor, University of Massachusetts The papers in "Collectors & Special Collections: Three Press, also spoke at the symposium. Talks" were presented on April 4, 2001, at the first Library The 14 principal chapters in "Perspectives on American of Congress Rare Book Forum, which was sponsored by Book History" trace topics in American print culture fromthe Library's Rare Book and Special Collectioris Division Puritan New England to the future of newspapers in theand the Center for the Book. The titles of the papers are digital age. The artifacts and documents, most of which"Elective Affinities: Private Collectors and Special Collec- have never before appeared in an anthology, includetions in Libraries," by Alice D. Schreyer, director of special excerpts from readers' diaries, accounts of the printingcollections, University of Chicago Library; "What Have and publishing trades, materials from the alternativeYou Done for Me Lately? Collectors and Institutions in

288 INFORMATION BULLETIN 70 3C4 O

Modern Times," by book dealerhave dominated the rare book WilliamS.Reese,president,trade during the past 20 years? William Reese Company, NewHow can the trust between Haven, Conn.; and "Will the Bookcollector and librarian, which Collector of Today Be the Donor ofwas so evident in the 1950s and Tomorrow?," by collector Robert1960s, be reestablished? How H. Jackson of Cleveland. will the special collections librar- In his introduction, forum orga-ian of tomorrow be prepared for Collectors SpecialCaleCildentS nizer Dan De Simone, curator ofdealing with today's young the Library's Lessing J. Rosen-collectors, who often form their Tilme 711 k-s wald Collection, observes thatlibraries primarily through pur- the three talks get to the heartchases on the Internet? of contemporary relationships "Collector & Special Collec- among librarians, private collec-tions: Three Talks," is available tors, booksellers and scholars. for $10 from Oak Knoll Press, 310 Key questions addressed by allDelaware St., New Castle, DE three writers are: "How does19720; telephone (302) 328-7232; the library reach the modern col-toll-free (800) 996-2556 (ISBN 1- lector? How can philanthropy,0844410166, Oak Knoll order no. collectiondevelopment,and71687). It can be ordered online at preservationtraditional valueswww.oakknoll.com. associated with special collec- tionsbe presented to contem-John Cole has been director of the porary collectors in such a way asCenter for the Book since it was to offset the market dynamics thatestablished in 1977.

Audio Magazines Online Available for Blind and Physically Handicapped Library patrons who are blind orprogram in a structured, cost-effective analog tape recordings to master physically handicapped can soonand innovative manner," said NLSdigital recordings and developing a access selected audio magazines onDirector Frank Kurt Cylke. "Internetdigital playback device to replace the the Internet thanks to new digitaldelivery of audio magazines is partfour-track tape player that has been in technology at the Library of Con-of a long-range plan to incorporateservice for nearly three decades. NLS gress. In a pilot test to be launcheddigital distribution methods into allhas approximately 730,000 audio cas- in 2003, selected eligible readers willaspects of the program." sette players in use worldwide today have access to periodicals produced The production of audio magazinesand maintains an inventory of 23 mil- by the national audio magazineon the Internet will allow NLS to testlion cassettes containing audio books program of the National Librarythe use of the national standard forand magazines that it circulates free of Service for the Blind and Physicallydigital talking books that was recentlycharge to blind and physically handi- Handicapped (NLS) in the Library ofadopted by the American Nationalcapped readers. The digital talking Congress. Standards Institute and the Nationalbook is anticipated to be nationally ThenationalaudiomagazineInformation Standards Organizationavailable by 2008. programcurrentlyproduces44 (ANSI / NISO Z39.86-2002). Audio NLS also distributes braille books magazine titles in a special audioversions of magazines are comprisedand magazines on theInternet cassette format. These include Goodof relatively small digital files andthroughitsWeb-Braillesystem. Housekeeping, National Geographic, will allowNLS to prepare for the moreToday, more than 2,300 eligible indi- Sports Illustrated and U.S. News andchallenging task of producing digitalviduals, libraries and schools can World Report. Selected titles will betalking books that will contain signifi-access more than 5,000 braille book converted to digital audio files suit- cantly larger files. titles to download or use online with a able for mounting on the NLS Web NLS is in the midst of a full-scalecomputer and a braille output device. site. Eligible readers will be providedtransition from analog audio cas-NLS releases about 50 new braille with electronic identifications andsettes to digital talking books, abook titles per month as well as cur- passwords. project that will involve convertingrent issues of 25 braille magazines, all "NLS continues to integrate digitalapproximately 30,000 titles (aboutof which are immediately available technology into the national reading10 percent of NLS' collection) fromonline to users.

DECEMBER 2002 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 289 News from the Center for the Book 25 Years of Promoting Books and Reading The Center for the Book was 25 years old on Oct. 13, 2002. This is the twelfth and last in a series of articles aboutits activities during its first quarter-century. It features many of the graphics created and used by the Center for the Book as it has used the prestige and resources of the Library of Congress to stimulate public interest in books and reading and encourage the study of books, reading, and print culturenationally and internationally.

1989Year Of The Yount!. Reader

directly television

This selection of Center for the Book promotional items includes a "Books Make a Difference" large- sized postcard from the early 1990s; two stickers; "Love Me, Read to Me" (1989) and "Language of the Land," which advertises a mid-1990s traveling exhibition of literary maps; a "Shape Your FutureRead!" rubber refrigerator magnet; artist Lance Hidy's outdoor image of "reading aloud" for his 1984 Center for the Book poster, also used for notecards; a "Books Change Lives" brochure; bookmarks from the "Read More About It" and Year of the Lifetime Reader" campaigns; and a 1984 U.S. 20 cent-postage stamp dedicated to "A Nation of Readers," one of the center's most popular promotion themes. THE CENTER FOR THE BOOK DPI THE 'LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 316 290 1:1EST COPY AVAILAmw INFORMATION BULLETIN A Nation of Readers USA 20c

for theBook Center Library. of C""g

mking the pleasure,power and excitement of books Ls 4, and television ReaheCBS511.ibraryof Con BookPro)!

The Evolution of a Logo BOOKS The Center for the Book's distinctive "Books Give Us Wings" logo (far right) was inspired by a statement in Paul Hazard's "Books, Children & Men" GIVE US (1944). It first appeared on a 1989 refrigerator magnet (from left), was condensed for the 1991 "Lifetime WINGS .00givaikiam,,, Reader" campaign, vvvvvvvva and presented two a themessimulta- BOOKS jo.../.." 41111111% CHANGE neously ("Books LIVES ...0.11. Change Lives" and "Explore New Worlds Read! ") in 1992 before it settled into its pres- GIVE US BOOKS EXPLORE NEW WORLDSREAD! THE CENTER FOR THE BOOK ent form. GIVE US WINGS THE CENTER FOR THE BOOK 9 YEAH °FYNE YOUNG READER 4 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

DECEMBER 2002 7 L BEST COPY AVAILABLE 291 THE LIBRARY OF 101CONGRESS INDEPENDENCE AVE.PUBLIC S.E. AFFAIRS OFFICE LIBRARYPRESORTEDPOSTAGE OF STANDARDCONGRESS & FEES PAID PENALTY FORWASHINGTON, PRIVATE USE $300 DC 20540-1610 OFFICIAL BUSINESS DATED MATERIAL WASHINGTON,PERMIT No. DC G-103 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS IfINFORMATION you wish to be BULLETINremoved from the mailing list ISSN 0041-7904 address.addressfortheto this the Bulletin, publication labelabove and address.please return. check address If To herechange request your® and is inquires missingrequired return this to issue(s)enter the page aboveon of U.S. Department of Education Office of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI) Edatalizel Besot= tido Woo Cola National Library of Education (NLE) Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC)

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