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Overview and Assessment of Priority Substances Globally and Regionally Addressed and Related Emission Limit Value (Elvs)

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Overview and Assessment of Priority Substances Globally and Regionally Addressed and Related Emission Limit Value (Elvs) UNEP(DEPI)/MED WG. 328/Inf. 1 10 November 2008 ENGLISH MEDITERRANEAN ACTION PLAN MED POL Meeting on the Implementation of NAPs and the Preparation of Legally Binding Measures and Timetables required by Art. 15 of the LBS Protocol Aix-en-Provence (France), 27-28 November 2008 Overview and assessment of priority substances globally and regionally addressed and related Emission Limit Value (ELVs) Background document UNEP/MAP Athens, 2008 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND................................................................................................... 1 1.2 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE ................................................................................... 1 2. SUBSTANCES OF CONCERN IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT ....................... 2 2.1 ADDRESSING SUBSTANCES OF CONCERN IN THE MEDITERRANEAN: THE LBS PROTOCOL AND THE SAP ............................................................................................. 2 2.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PRIORITY SUBSTANCES: INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON.......... 3 2.2.1 European Union .......................................................................................... 4 2.2.1.1 First initiatives protect the aquatic environment from dangerous substances.......................................................................................................... 4 2.2.1.2 The Water Framework Directive (WFD).............................................. 5 2.2.1.3 The Marine Strategy Framework Directive.......................................... 7 2.2.2 OSPAR........................................................................................................ 8 2.2.3 HELCOM..................................................................................................... 9 2.2.4 The Stockholm Convention....................................................................... 10 2.3 CRITERIA AND PROCEDURES TO IDENTIFY PRIORITY SUBSTANCES..................... 10 2.3.1 European Union ........................................................................................ 10 2.3.2 OSPAR...................................................................................................... 14 2.3.3 HELCOM................................................................................................... 17 2.3.4 The Stockholm Convention....................................................................... 20 2.3.5 Summary and comparison with the LBS Protocol criteria......................... 21 2.4 COMPARING THE LISTS.................................................................................... 22 2.4.1 Common priority substances..................................................................... 22 2.4.2 Comparison with SAP ............................................................................... 27 3. OCCURRENCE OF SUBSTANCES OF CONCERN IN THE MEDITERRANEAN MARINE ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................ 28 3.1 SOURCES OF DATA ......................................................................................... 28 3.1.1 MED POL.................................................................................................. 28 3.1.2 National monitoring networks.................................................................... 29 3.1.3 Scientific literature..................................................................................... 30 3.2 METALS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS ................................................................ 32 3.2.1 Heavy Metals (Cd, Pb, Hg) in sediments .................................................. 32 3.2.2 Heavy Metals (Cd, Pb, Hg) in biota........................................................... 33 3.2.3 Organic tin................................................................................................. 38 3.3 POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS........................................................ 44 3.4 ORGANOHALOGEN COMPOUNDS...................................................................... 46 3.4.1 PCBs......................................................................................................... 46 3.4.2 Dioxins and Furans ................................................................................... 50 3.4.3 Brominated flame retardants..................................................................... 55 3.4.4 PFOS ........................................................................................................ 57 3.4.5 Chlorinated paraffins................................................................................. 58 3.5 ORGANOHALOGENATED PESTICIDES/BIOCIDES................................................. 59 3.5.1 DDTs......................................................................................................... 59 3.5.2 Hexachlorobenzene .................................................................................. 64 3.5.3 Lindane (γ-HCH) ....................................................................................... 66 3.6 OTHER ........................................................................................................... 66 3.6.1 Nonyl- and Octyl-phenols.......................................................................... 66 3.6.2 Phthalates ................................................................................................. 67 3.7 OVERVIEW...................................................................................................... 67 4. EMISSION OF SUBSTANCES OF CONCERN IN MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES................................................................................................................. 69 4.1 SOURCES OF DATA ......................................................................................... 69 4.2 THE NATIONAL BASELINE BUDGET: AVAILABLE DATA ........................................ 70 4.3 EMISSIONS BY ACTIVITY SECTORS ................................................................... 75 5. REVIEW OF EMISSION LIMIT VALUES.............................................................. 79 5.1 ELVS ADOPTED IN INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL FRAMEWORKS..................... 79 5.2 ELVS UNDER THE MAP SYSTEM...................................................................... 82 6. CONCLUSIONS.................................................................................................... 86 7. REFERENCES...................................................................................................... 87 ANNEX A. LISTS OF SUBSTANCES OF POSSIBLE CONCERN FOR THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................................... 95 ANNEX B. EU, OSPAR AND HELCOM LEGAL REFERENCES ADOPTING ELVS. .................................................................................................................................... 109 UNEP(DEPI)/MED WG. 328/Inf. 1 page 1 1. Introduction 1.1 Background In the framework of the implementation of the Strategic Action Programme (SAP), adopted by the 12th Meeting of Contracting Parties to the Barcelona Convention (Monaco, November 2001), the Mediterranean countries prepared Sectoral Plans (SPs) and National Action Plans (NAPs) on the basis of National Diagnostic Analyses (NDAs), and the a Baseline Budgets (BBs) of emissions/releases. The preparation of NAPs represents the operational long-term objective of the Strategic Action Programme (SAP), as it is expected to describe the pollution reduction process to be achieved by the countries making use of all the results of the individual activities of the SAP. NAPs were prepared by all countries of the region and the process of preparation was formally endorsed by the 14th Meeting of the Contracting Parties held in Slovenia in November 2005. The 15th meeting of the CPs which was held in Almeria, Spain (January 2008) adopted the decision IG 17/8 as follows: 1. To continue the implementation of NAPs endorsed in 2005 to the greatest possible extent foreseeing their revision in 2011; throughout the process, the Secretariat will continue to support with capacity building activities covering technical, institutional and financial aspects. 2. To develop the following elements in the framework of MED POL: a. Identification of priority substances and sectors during 2008-2009 b. Identification of a differentiation mechanism during 2008-2009 for the implementation of regional emission values (ELVs), based on BAT, and start the process of developing regional and /or sub regional-as appropriate-Environmental Quality Objectives (EQOs) for the marine environment c. Identification of relevant elements and indicators arising from the implementation of the ecosystem approach. 3. To formulate by 2011 actions plans and programmes containing legally binding measures and timetables required by Art.15 of the LBS Protocol, tacking into consideration the possibility of using the elements arising from the above process for this purpose as well as for the revision of the NAPs. 1.2 Objectives and scope The aim of this report is to provide background information to be used for the selection of substances of priority action, through the implementation of measures based on Emission Limit Values (ELVs)1. To this end, the following objectives have been established: 1 For the purposes of this study, ELVs will be defined as ‘the maximum allowable release of a substance from an industrial operation to
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