DOCSLIB.ORG

Razing Athabasca: Bitumen Extraction and the Industrial Colonization Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Razing Athabasca: Bitumen Extraction and the Industrial Colonization Of Razing Athabasca: Bitumen Extraction and the Industrial Colonization of North-eastern Alberta, 1967-1983 by © Hereward Longley A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of History Memorial University ofNewfoundland March 2013 St. John's Newfoundland ETHICS The oral history component of this project has been reviewed by the Interdisciplinary Committee on Ethics in Human Research at Memorial University of Newfoundland and granted approval in accordance with the Tri-Council Policy Statement on Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans. ICEHR number 20 12-311-AR. ABSTRACT This thesis shows that oil price increases and supply threats associated with the Cold War and the OPEC Crisis caused the Alberta and Canadian governments to prioritize the development of the oil sands industry. By taking equity in the Syncrude project the Alberta government emerged with conflicting mandates as both developer and regulator of the resource. By the mid 1970s, the Alberta government' s position produced a policy dynamic that contributed to the marginalization of government concern for the environmental impacts of oil sands development. Oil sands development physically colonized Indigenous land and had significant adverse environmental impacts on proximate ecosystems. The degradation of natural resources relied on by fndigenous peoples made affected communities increasingly desperate for employment in the oil sands economy from which they were largely excluded. Indigenous peoples were forced to fight for environmental protection and employment in the industry. II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis would not exist were it not for the excellence and dedication of my supervisor, and principal investigator of the SSHRC funded project Abandoned Mines in Northern Canada, Dr John Sandlos. Through the Abandoned Mines proj ect, Dr Sand los provided the funding necessary to undertake the extensive, Canada-wide archival research necessary to adequately address this topic. As a supervisor Dr Sandlos was a fa ntastic mentor who provided exceptional guidance and mountains of helpful and eye­ opening comments on countless drafts of my work. This thesis was greatly enhanced by the exceptional suggestions and perspectives of the two other members of my supervisory committee, Dr Arn Keeling and Dr Lianne Leddy. Dr Keeling brought insights from hi storical geography and crucial editorial suggestions, while Dr Leddy helped me im prove the Indigenous history component of my research. In undertaking the archival research for this thesis, I was blessed with invaluable assistance from staff at Li brary and Archi ves Canada, the Provincia l Archives of A lberta, the Glenbow Archives, and the Energy Resources Conservation Board. I am a lso extremely grateful to Dr Ron Wallace for our informative conversations about environmental research and the development of the oil sands industry. And fi na ll y, thi s was all made possible by the encouragement and support of my parents. iii TERMINOLOGY The Woodland Cree term for the Athabasca bitumen deposits is 'asiniw pikow,' which translates approximately as 'rock or stone (asiniw) sap or gum (pikow).' 1 In Dene languages, (Chipewyan, Slave and Dogrib) the deposits are refered to as ' kles ke,' which translates approximately as 'place of(ke) oil (kles).' 2 Indigenous knowledge ofthe bitumen deposits dates back centuries, as it is found throughout the Athabasca River valley and flows like molasses on hot days. Indigenous peoples used the material to seal canoes, though other uses are unknown.3 Two terms most commonly used to reference the Alberta bitumen deposits and synthetic oil industry in mainstream Canada, 'oil sands' and ' tar sands,' have become incredibly loaded words that reflect debate between those who promote the industry and those who oppose it. The first Euro-Canadian explorers at the turn of the 18th century described the deposits as the 'tar sands.' In the 19th century the deposits were identified as bitumen, a black viscous form of organic hydrocarbons, and were referenced more widely as the ' bituminous sands' until roughly the 1960s. In the early decades of the 20th century the International Bitumen Company was founded to excavate the bitumen deposits to supply asphalt as road surfacing, so this may be referred to as the 'bitumen industry.' Yet the term 'tar sands' was widely used from the late 19th century until about the mid-1980s by the public, government, and industry. The term 'oil sands' graduall y emerged in the 1920s and 1930s as the deposits were mined to produce synthetic crude 1 Matthew Whitehead, Traditional Knowledge Coordinator, Mikisew C ree First Nation, 20 12. 2 John Ri gney, Special Projects, Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation, 2012. 3 Ibid. IV oil (rather than asphalt), and became more common as the oil sands industry emerged. Throughout the 20th century, these terms were used interchangeably. By about the mid-late 1980s the term ' tar sands' became much less common in industry and government. With a rise in awareness of the major environmental consequences of bitumen extraction and refining, especially during the post-1997 development phase, the terms ' oil' and ' tar' have become highly politicized. The Alberta government and the oil sands industry have sought to rescind use of the word ' tar' and to establish the term 'oil' as the exclusive reference.4 Meanwhile, those opposed to the industry and those seeking to highlight the environmental consequences of development, have sought to make ' tar' the exclusive term of reference in an effort to brand the industry as 'dirty.'5 There have been many resultant debates and antagonisms that revolve closely around the application of these terms. Authors, politicians, speakers and the public tend to be categorized and subjected to major presumptions based on the terms of reference they adopt. This semantic debate has distracted from very important and real issues that surround the legacy of bitumen extraction in north-eastern Alberta. In this thesis, I hope to avoid this debate by applying the most objective terms possible based on the changing hi storical contexts to which I refer. My central terms of reference will be ' bitumen' in reference to the deposit, and 'synthetic oi l' in reference to the product. Given that the focus of the industry is the production of oil , I will refer to the industry as either the 'synthetic oil industry,' or the ' oil sands industry.' 4 For example: "A lberta's O il Sands: Opportunity. Balance," (Government of Alberta, 2008). 5 Andrew ikiforuk, Tar Sands: Dirty Oil and the Future ofa Continent (Vancouver: Greystone Books, 20 10). v Table of Contents ETH ICS .............. .. ................... .......... ................................................................. .. ................ i ABSTRACT ... .................................... ................................................. ..... ........................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................... .. .. .. ................................................... .. .............. iii TERM INOLOGY .................................. .. ...................... .................................................... iv Table of Contents ........................................................ ............................................. .......... vi List of Figures .................................................................... ....................... ........................ vii Abbreviations ......... .. ......................... .. .. ....... ... .. ........................ ....... .. .. .. .. ......... .. .. ............. ix INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. I Methodology .......... .. ............................ .................................. .......... ................................ 8 CHAPTER ONE ......... .. ............. ................. .. .... ................. ................................... .. .......... 31 Law and geographic knowledge .................................................................................... 32 Research and development ... ................... .. .................................... .. ..... ......................... 39 Commercialization .................................................... ............ ......................................... 44 Rational planning and the Lougheed Conservatives 1970-71 .............. ......................... 51 OPEC and the rise of corporate government.. ............................................................... 55 The Iranian Revolution and the National Energy Program ........................................... 63 Conclusion .. .................................. ............................ ...... .. ...................... ....................... 71 CHAPTER TWO ... .. ....................... ..... ........................ ........................................... .......... 73 Cautious Development: 1967-1 973 ...................... .............................................. .. ......... 78 Environmental regulation and the development imperative, 1974-79 .................. ........ 86 Environmental Research ....... .. ................................................... .............. .. .................... 98 Conclusion ............. ....................... ............................ .. ............... ................ .................. I 17 CHAPTER THREE .........................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hereward Longley
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository University of Calgary Press University of Calgary Press Open Access Books 2015-11 Mining and communities in Northern Canada : history, politics, and memory Keeling, Arn; Sandlos, John University of Calgary Press Keeling, A., & Sandlos, J. (Eds.). (2015). Mining and Communities in Northern Canada: History, Politics, and Memory. Canada: University of Calgary Press. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/51021 book http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca MINING AND COMMUNITIES IN NORTHERN CANADA: HISTORY, POLITICS, AND MEMORY Edited by Arn Keeling and John Sandlos ISBN 978-1-55238-805-1 THIS BOOK IS AN OPEN ACCESS E-BOOK. It is an electronic version of a book that can be purchased in physical form through any bookseller or on-line retailer, or from our distributors. Please support this open access publication by requesting that your university purchase a print copy of this book, or by purchasing a copy yourself. If you have any questions, please contact us at [email protected] Cover Art: The artwork on the cover of this book is not open access and falls under traditional copyright provisions; it cannot be reproduced in any way without written permission of the artists and their agents. The cover can be displayed as a complete cover image for the purposes of publicizing this work, but the artwork cannot be extracted from the context of the cover of this specific work without breaching the artist’s copyright.
    [Show full text]
  • Petroleum History Society Oil Sands Oral History
    Ch F-X ang PD e -1- w Click to buy NOW! w m o w c .d k. ocu-trac PETROLEUM HISTORY SOCIETY OIL SANDS ORAL HISTORY PROJECT TRANSCRIPT MARY CLARK SHEPPARD, DAUGHTER OF KARL ADOLPH CLARK, THE SCIENTIST WHO DEVELOPED THE HOT-WATER RECOVERY TECHNOLOGY FOR EXTRACTION OF THE OIL FROM THE ALBERTA OIL SANDS. AUTHOR OF OIL SANDS SCIENTIST: THE LETTERS OF KARL A. CLARK: 1920-1949 AND ATHABASCA OIL SANDS: FROM LABORATORY TO PRODUCTION – THE LETTERS OF KARL A. CLARK, 1950-66. Date and place of birth: Edmonton, Alberta – January 29, 1927 Date and place of interview: 10:45 a.m., May 23, 2011.in Mrs. Sheppard’s home at 905, 10135 Saskatchewan Drive Edmonton, AB Tel. 780-439-1690 110 Causeway Head Road Sheffield S17 3DW England Name of Interviewer: Adriana A. Davies, CM, PHD Name of Videographer: David Bates Consent form signed: Yes Initials of Interviewer: AAD Last name of subject: SHEPPARD AD: Mary is the third child of four born to Karl and Dora Clark. She attended the University of Alberta from 1946 to 1949 in a general Arts program. She then went to Toronto to attend the Royal Conservatory of Music, but her studies were cut short by her mother’s illness. Eventually, she ended up working for about ten years in the 1950s in the conventional oil industry. Sponsors of The Oil Sands Oral History Project include the Alberta Historical Resources Foundation, Athabasca Oil Sands Corp., Canadian Natural Resources Limited, Canadian Oil Sands Limited, Connacher Oil and Gas Limited, Imperial Oil Limited, MEG Energy Corp., Nexen Inc., Suncor Energy and Syncrude Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • Oil Sands Scientist: the Letters of Karl A
    Document generated on 09/29/2021 5:18 a.m. Scientia Canadensis Canadian Journal of the History of Science, Technology and Medicine Revue canadienne d'histoire des sciences, des techniques et de la médecine Oil Sands Scientist: The Letters of Karl A. Clark 1920-1949, (ed) Mary Clark Sheppard, Edmonton, University of Alberta Press, 1989. Pp xvi + 498, illus., index, cloth $30.00 James P. Hull Volume 13, Number 2 (37), automne–hiver 1989 URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/800290ar DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/800290ar See table of contents Publisher(s) CSTHA/AHSTC ISSN 0829-2507 (print) 1918-7750 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this review Hull, J. P. (1989). Review of [Oil Sands Scientist: The Letters of Karl A. Clark 1920-1949, (ed) Mary Clark Sheppard, Edmonton, University of Alberta Press, 1989. Pp xvi + 498, illus., index, cloth $30.00]. Scientia Canadensis, 13(2), 123–124. https://doi.org/10.7202/800290ar Copyright © Canadian Science and Technology Historical Association / This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit Association pour l'histoire de la science et de la technologie au Canada, 1990 (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. Érudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and the Université du Québec à Montréal. Its mission is to promote and disseminate research. https://www.erudit.org/en/ BOOK REVIEWS/COMPTES RENDUS Oil Sands Scientist: The Letters of Karl A.
    [Show full text]
  • Facts About Alberta's Oil Sands and Its Industry
    Facts about Alberta’s oil sands and its industry CONTENTS Oil Sands Discovery Centre Facts 1 Oil Sands Overview 3 Alberta’s Vast Resource The biggest known oil reserve in the world! 5 Geology Why does Alberta have oil sands? 7 Oil Sands 8 The Basics of Bitumen 10 Oil Sands Pioneers 12 Mighty Mining Machines 15 Cyrus the Bucketwheel Excavator 1303 20 Surface Mining Extraction 22 Upgrading 25 Pipelines 29 Environmental Protection 32 In situ Technology 36 Glossary 40 Oil Sands Projects in the Athabasca Oil Sands 44 Oil Sands Resources 48 OIL SANDS DISCOVERY CENTRE www.oilsandsdiscovery.com OIL SANDS DISCOVERY CENTRE FACTS Official Name Oil Sands Discovery Centre Vision Sharing the Oil Sands Experience Architects Wayne H. Wright Architects Ltd. Owner Government of Alberta Minister The Honourable Lindsay Blackett Minister of Culture and Community Spirit Location 7 hectares, at the corner of MacKenzie Boulevard and Highway 63 in Fort McMurray, Alberta Building Size Approximately 27,000 square feet, or 2,300 square metres Estimated Cost 9 million dollars Construction December 1983 – December 1984 Opening Date September 6, 1985 Updated Exhibit Gallery opened in September 2002 Facilities Dr. Karl A. Clark Exhibit Hall, administrative area, children’s activity/education centre, Robert Fitzsimmons Theatre, mini theatre, gift shop, meeting rooms, reference room, public washrooms, outdoor J. Howard Pew Industrial Equipment Garden, and Cyrus Bucketwheel Exhibit. Staffing Supervisor, Head of Marketing and Programs, Senior Interpreter, two full-time Interpreters, administrative support, receptionists/ cashiers, seasonal interpreters, and volunteers. Associated Projects Bitumount Historic Site Programs Oil Extraction demonstrations, Quest for Energy movie, Paydirt film, Historic Abasand Walking Tour (summer), special events, self-guided tours of the Exhibit Hall.
    [Show full text]
  • November 7, 1988 Heritage Savings Trust Fund Act
    Title: Monday, November 7, 1988 hs November 7,1988 Heritage Savings Trust Fund Act 199 [Chairman: Mr. Oldring] [2:04 p.m.] Little Bow. MR. CHAIRMAN: Good afternoon, everyone. We’ll call the MR. R. SPEAKER: Thirty-three? meeting to order. We left off this morning by concluding recommendation 13. MR. CHAIRMAN: Thirty-three. The Member for Calgary-Buffalo had indicated that he might be 33. That strenuous efforts be made to obtain federal funds a little late this afternoon, so I think what we should be doing is and support available for a given project prior to commit­ moving on, then, to recommendation 20. The Chair would rec­ ment of Alberta Heritage Savings Trust Fund resources to ognize the Member for Calgary-Forest Lawn. that project. MR. PASHAK: Thank you. MR. R. SPEAKER: Right Mr. Chairman, both of my motions, 33 and 34, I guess are in a sense reminders to the provincial MR. CHAIRMAN: Nineteen was already discussed in conjunc­ government to do certain things. This is a follow-up to the tion with recommendation 7. questions that I’ve raised in committee hearings, where I’ve noted two examples -- specifically, in agriculture under irriga­ MR. PASHAK: I might point out that motion 20 is also very tion rehabilitation and development and, secondly, in forestry -- similar to another motion put forward by Mr. Chumir as well, where I’ve felt that federal funds have been expended or in­ motion 14, that we hadn’t quite got to. But if the Chair wishes vested in other provinces in those two areas and not invested to me to go ahead with 20, that’s all right with me.
    [Show full text]
  • Wednesday, April 13, 1988 Pa [Chairman: Mr. Pashak] [10:01
    April 13, 1988 Public Accounts 1 Title: Wednesday, April 13, 1988 pa [Chairman: Mr. Pashak] [10:01 a.m] approximately the amount of money it cost the province for me to come to Edmonton and appear before their committee. I just MR. CHAIRMAN: Okay, I think we can call the meeting to thought I’d insert that parenthetically into the record. I don’t order. I move that we call the clock 10 o’clock. think the budget that we have circulated is excessive. It’s a Well, we’re going to be relaxed today and informal, because budget that permits both Mr. Moore and I to attend the Halifax it’s just an introductory meeting and we’re not conducting the conference. regular business of the committee. In the past we’ve built a little larger budget than we actually I’d like to welcome all of the previous members back. I note thought we would require in order to cover contingencies. that there are a number of new members that I’d like to especially We’ve never spent the amount of budgeted money, and that welcome. Mrs. Shirley McClellan and Mr. Alex money has always gone back into the Treasury. So I think what McEachern are new members to the committee, as is Mr. you’re seeing here is a very lean budget. If any of you are interested Taylor. I’d also like to introduce the new members to some of in the copy of the Members' Services motion that dealt our committee secretaries. Ann Quinn has been the secretary of with this, I am prepared to circulate that as well.
    [Show full text]
  • A More Sustainable Way to Win Oil from Oil Sands
    A More Sustainable Way to Win Oil from Oil Sands Richard Schlosberg Schlosberg Consulting LLC, Highland Park, Illinois USA Received June 04, 2013; Accepted December 09, 2013 Abstract: Along with Saudi Arabia and Venezuela, Canada has one of the world’s major hydrocarbon resource. The Canadian resource, estimated to contain as much as 1.7 trillion barrels of heavy oil or bitumen is largely found in the province of Alberta in the form of oil sands. Oil sands are a mixture of sands and other rock materials and contain crude bitumen. Currently about 1.5 million barrels of oil per day are generated from Canadian oil sands and after primary upgrading, much of that is transported to the United States for additional upgrading to fi nal products. The majority of the oil sands processing is a combination of strip mining and a water-based extraction. Hugh quantities of water (2–4 barrels per barrel of oil) are required to win a single barrel of oil from the oil sands. Oil sands companies are currently held to a zero-discharge policy by the Alberta Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act (1993). Thus, all oil sands produced water (OSPW) must be held on site. This requirement has resulted in over a billion cubic meters of tailings water held in containment systems. Ultimately, the companies are responsible for reclaiming this water and fi nding a way to release it back into the local environment. Despite extensive programs that have led to signifi cant improvements including up to 90+% use of recycled water, the tailings ponds and build up of contaminants in the recycled water and in tailings ponds represent what is fundamentally a non-sustainable process.
    [Show full text]
  • Tuesday, August 13, 1985 Hs
    Title: Tuesday, August 13, 1985 hs August 13, 1985 Heritage Savings Trust Fund Act 55 [Chairman: Mr. Kowalski] [2 p.m.] secretary. I have some opening remarks I'd like to share MR. CHAIRMAN: Good afternoon, ladies and with you. A copy of this will be distributed to gentlemen, and welcome to another meeting of you shortly, as soon as I complete them. I the select committee on the Alberta Heritage thought I would keep the copy until I make the Savings Trust Fund. There are a number of remarks; that way you will look at me instead administrative details I'd like to discuss with of reading them. the committee, but perhaps it would be most The occupational health and safety heritage appropriate to discuss them after the conclusion grant program is now halfway through its eight- of our meeting we're having now. So I ask all year mandate to provide funds for research, members to please stay around for a few training, and education in worker health and minutes so we can get those administrative safety. This $10 million program began its details out of the way. granting activities in April 1981 with the At this point in time I would like to welcome objective of developing new strategies and the Hon. Bill Diachuk, Minister responsible for programs for preventing injuries and ill health Workers' Health, Safety and Compensation. If resulting from employment. Through the eight- all committee members would look at the year commitment of this grant program annual report of the Alberta Heritage Savings continuity of funding has been ensured for the Trust Fund, you'll note that on page 19 there is conduct of significant research studies and the a section identified with reference to the development of effective education programs subject titled Occupational Health and Safety which will contribute to occupational health and Research and Education.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Update 977
    Political update 977 Alberta Premier and President ofthe Executive Council, The Hon, Peter Lougheed Deputy Premier and Minister of Economic Development, The Hon, Hugh Planche Provincial Treasurer, The Hon. Louis D, Hyndman Minister of Energy and Natural Resources, The Hon, C Mervin Leitch Attorney General and Government House Leader, The Hon, Neil S. Crawford Minister of Hospitals and Medical Care, The Hon, David J. Russell Minister of Municipal Affairs, The Hon, Marvin E, Moore Minister of Agriculture, The Hon. Dallas W. Schmidt Minister of Federal and Intergovernmental Affairs, The Hon. Dick Johnston Minister of Labour, The Hon, Leslie G, Young Minister of Education, The Hon, David King Minister of Advanced Education and Manpower and Deputy Government House Leader, The Hon, James D, Horsman Minister of Consumer and Corporate Affairs, The Hon. Julian J.G. Koziak Minister of Social Services and Community Health, The Hon. Robert J. Bogle Solicitor General, The Hon. Graham L, Harle Minister of Housing and Public Works, The Hon. Thomas W. Chambers Minister of Environment, The Hon, John (Jack) W. Cookson Minister of Transportation, The Hon. Henry Kroeger Minister of Government Services, The Hon. Stewart A. McCrae Minister of Utilities and Telephones, The Hon. Lawrence R. Shaben Minister of Tourism and Small Business, The Hon. J. Alten Adair Minister of Recreation and Parks, The Hon. Peter Trynchy Minister of State for Economic Development — International Trade, The Hon. Horst A. Schmid Associate Minister of Public Lands and Wildlife, The Hon. James E. (Bud) Miller Associate Minister of Telephones, The Hon, Dr, P, Neil Webber Minister responsible for Native Affairs, The Hon.
    [Show full text]
  • Michelle Nicole Murphy
    Alberta Ski Resorts on the Eastern Slopes and Environmental Advocacy: Conservation Politics and Tourism Developments in Kananaskis Country, 1980-2000 By Michelle Nicole Murphy A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Recreation and Leisure Studies Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation University of Alberta © Michelle Nicole Murphy, 2018 ii Abstract This study investigates ski resort development and proposals on the eastern slopes of Alberta between 1980 and 2000 with a specific focus on Kananaskis Country. It highlights issues between conservation imperatives and recreation and sport development. It examines the site selection for the 1988 Winter Olympic Games to uncover the provincial government and Olympic Organizer’s lack of concern towards environmental issues and disregard for concerns brought up by environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs), recreational skiers, and the public. An analysis of conservation politics regarding the site selection of Mount Allan, the potential use of Mount Whitehorn (Lake Louise), and the Spray Lakes Ski Resort proposal looks closely at the strategies used by ENGOs to advocate for the environment. Through an exploration of conservation politics and land-use debates, this research project probes the role of Kananaskis Country as a multiple-use landscape to argue that between 1980 and 2000, a pro-development provincial government placed minimal value on environmental knowledge and expertise and chose to sacrifice important Alberta mountain habitats for ski resort development and economic gains. This was contrary to opposition from ENGOs, like the Sierra Club of Western Canada, and the public, who utilized strategic discourse to draw attention to environmental threats as a form of resistance to government decision- making.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Overview of the Fort Mcmurray Area and Oil Sands Industry in Northeast Alberta
    Earth Sciences Report 2000-05 Historical Overview of the Fort McMurray Area and Oil Sands Industry in Northeast Alberta (With expanded bibliographies on oil sands, surficial geology, hydro- geology, minerals and bedrock in northeast Alberta) Alberta Energy and Utilities Board Alberta Geological Survey Historical Overview of the Fort McMurray Area and Oil Sands Industry in Northeast Alberta (With expanded bibliographies on oil sands, surficial geology, hydrogeology, minerals and bedrock in northeast Alberta) A Geological Survey of Canada field party hauling a scow up the Athabasca River, Alberta, in 1914. Frances J. Hein Alberta Geological Survey Resources Branch Alberta Energy and Utilities Board ALBERTA ENERGY AND UTILITIES BOARD Earth Sciences Report 2000-05: Historical Overview of the Fort McMurray Area and Oil Sands Industry in Northeast Alberta (with expanded bibliographies on oil sands, surficial geology, hydrogeology, minerals and bedrock in northeast Alberta) ISSN May 2000 Published by Alberta Energy and Utilities Board Alberta Geological Survey 4th Floor Twin Atria Building 4999 - 98th Avenue Edmonton, Alberta T6B 2X3 Telephone: (780) 422-3767 (Information Sales) Fax: (780) 422-1918 Web site: www.ags.gov.ab.ca ii Overview………….…………………………………………………………………...…iv 1 Historical Overview of the Fort McMurray Area ……………..……………….…2 2 Historical Overview of the Oil Sands Industry in Northeast Alberta …………….5 3 The Future ……………………………………………………………………..….8 4 Acknowledgements ………………………………………………...…………....10 5 References ………………………………………………………………...……..11 6 Additional Bibliography ………………………………………………..……….13 Figures 2.1 Historical photograph of R.G. McConnell, circa 1880 ……………………….6 2.2 Historical photograph of Sidney Ells, circa 1930 …………………………….6 2.3 Historical photograph of Geological Survey of Canada Field Party….front pg. 2.4 Map of historical thermal projects in Alberta to December 1988..………….
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the Select Special Committee On
    CANADIANA REPORT " FEB - 5 1991 OF THE SELECT SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON ELECTORAL BOUNDARIES NOVEMBER 1990 LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ALBERTA Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 https://archive.org/details/reportofselectsp00albe_0 ALBERTA Chairaun: SELECT SPECIAL COMMITTEE ROOM 403 LEGISLATURE ANNEX BOB BOOLE, M.LJL ON ELECTORAL BOUNDARIES TABER-WARNER 9718 - 107 STREET EDMONTON, ALBERTA Vice Chairman: T5K 1E4 STOCKWELL DAY. M.LJL RED DEER-NORTH TELEPHONE 422-7071 FAX 422-5266 Members: PAM BARRETT, M.LA. EDMONTON-HIQHLANDS PATRICIA BLACK. M.LA. CALGARY-FOOTHILLS FRANK BRUSEKER. M.LJL CALGARY-NORTH WEST MIKE CARDINAL M.LA. ATHABASCA-LAC LA BICHE TOM SIQURDSON, M.LA. EDMONTON-BELMONT November, 1990 Honourable Dr. David J. Carter Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Alberta The Select Special Committee on Electoral Boundaries herewith presents its Report with recommendations for consideration by the Legislative Assembly of Alberta. Chairman , v.:T iCnc !, '.-.:'j--.;i'\T", \»- . M '. UN-’ VK§5 ?yjme«8» j,,?'C'"''i#', ' :. '.^ 4 .4'« m.ff'X:M'’'.y • ^'- W "*« • '? 4. 4,%« - ,.' - 1^4 •' ::: n....r-iiS' ' -.*« ,u» wion " "‘T» T^‘rrw/<!Ga-ij!^ftoaii»5^'’3' s 4 %'* '- ^ 3|i{maMll<5* JA«d“'03,l3 4:'^; T<5'. • >JV’,S ^Tmmr V'^m, ,4- :.; i^uv' . hjH&i 4 4. ^ .4 ' :’'^?‘x ifKJ.V’SI (StlflsM*^^; 4.:^iml X'LM% n^W K'JV? <«r; '4ai*af '"' •'•''' » Uml ^*j,m '>.: }&r „ :, i"';" .' ' ' ' ;' ' /' .. ; :: i :r; v'‘\ 't> ' . , '‘-m. iA '•- .' ,A p - ' ' ‘' ' ' •. :,;,r ,.';f; - ^':- '. ' , <? ,. 4ti , .. ’Vt , ; ;U blpO, ,iG , vio^oH f _ '^fmO .- ..'4 -.'»•# A‘ > A. ''' T.r ^ ! I', .' ?.; ¥ if^ . :-A. “' ' ' • :' ' : & 4 C - t^''¥raiii.
    [Show full text]