Intercultural Nonverbal Communication Among Players of Manchester United Football Club in England
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Intercultural Nonverbal Communication among Players of Manchester United Football Club in England INTERCULTURAL NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION AMONG PLAYERS OF MANCHESTER UNITED FOOTBALL CLUB IN ENGLAND Pramesti Kumala Bimawanti English Literature, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Surabaya [email protected] Slamet Setiawan English Literature, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Surabaya [email protected] Abstrak Permasalahan sederhana yang terjadi di sepak bola Liga Inggris adalah mengenai bahasa yang digunakan oleh pemain lokal Inggris dan luar Inggris. Sebuah klub seperti Manchester United yang memiliki hampir setengah persentase dari keseluruhan skuad tentu mengalami permasalahan seperti ini. Beberapa pemain luar Inggris tidak familiar dengan berkomunikasi menggunakan bahasa Inggris secara verbal akan menyebabkan bahasa sebagai penghalang di dalam tim. Komunikasi nonverbal antar budaya adalah media untuk sekelompok individu dengan bermacam kewarganegaraan dan penghalang bahasa dalam situasi tertentu. Dalam proses tersebut melibatkan bahasa tubuh yang dimengerti secara semi-universal oleh anggota kelompok. Highlight pertandingan dari musim 2012/2013 hingga musim 2015/2016 adalah fokus utama dalam studi ini. Dokumentasi menjadi instrumen dalam studi ini, sedangkan metode deskriptif kualitatif digunakan untuk mengalisis data. Hasil dari studi menunjukkan bagaimana pemain membangun komunikasi di dalam lapangan. Sumber data adalah screenshot yang diambil dari video highlight pertandingan maupun individual diunduh dari Youtube dan alamat web klub. Kata Kunci: komunikasi antar budaya, komunikasi dalam lapangan, Manchester United. Abstract A cliché complication in English Premier League football is about languages which are used by English and non-English players. A club like Manchester United which possess nearly half percentage of non- English players in the whole squad certainly have this problem. Several non-English players are not quite familiar in communicating verbally in English. It surely emerges language barrier among the players. Intercultural nonverbal communication is a medium for a group of individuals with assorted nationalities and language barrier to communicate in particular circumstances. Match highlights from season 2012/2013 until 2015/2016 are the main focus in this study. Documentation is the instrument for this study. It applies descriptive qualitative method in analysing the data. The results of the study show how players build up their communication whilst playing with nonverbal behaviours. Keywords: Intercultural communication, on-the-pitch communication, Manchester United. middle of football game crucially requires a language- INTRODUCTION related skill. The language barriers occasionally bother players to communicate with each other. Football is about English Premier League (EPL) can be said as not only shouting, giving commands, or talking with the the multicultural league in Europe. The number of coach on the touchline but also communicating with the foreign players per club may reach nearly half percentage referee and his assistants. A foreign player, who is a of the total players in one club1. Communication in the newbie in English Premier League and does not have any just over 41% of all squads, an average of more than 10 signings per 1 Total minutes played by foreign players have reached 60, 36 % in club. EPL possesses second-largest possession of foreign players, 2013. On average players recruited since January 2013 represented preceded by Cyprus. 9 Header halaman genap: Nama Jurnal. Volume 04 Nomor 02 Tahun 2012, 9-16 knowledge about English, might misunderstand the referee’s warning towards him. RESEARCH QUESTION Some football pundits remark that language How do players build their on-the-pitch barrier is not a big problem in football, as long as the communication? speaker and the interlocutor comprehend each code. However, in some occasion the players would encounter the difficulty. It is fine for foreign players who INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION understand English even though they are unable to speak Discovering problems in verbal it. On the contrary, this emerges one big problem for communication, non-verbal one is another key to local English players when those foreign ones send understand each other’s intention. According to Tracy command to them and they might express different Novinger in the book Intercultural Communication – A reaction. Inability to speak English will also trouble the Practical Guide, “We cannot not communicate. All players to adapt with the squad. Football may be an behaviour is communication, and we cannot not behave” international language. However, every national language (4). See the statement below. possesses their own terms which are employed in Even a person who does not want to football. In a case of David de Gea, a Spaniard “communicate”—who sits huddled with goalkeeper who plays for Manchester United is arms folded and head down— comprehensible. He had not learnt to speak English communicates that he is trying to avoid before migrating to England. Manchester United former communication. By nature, goalkeeping coach, Eric Steele once revealed that De communication is a system of Gea’s first six months in United were horrendous. The behaviour. And because different trouble of commanding his area was obvious as he was cultures often demand very different lack of physical presence and communication ability in behaviours, intercultural communication English. He was fortunate that with the help of Steele is more complex than communication who is capable to speak Spanish, his language barrier was between persons of the same culture. not that hard to destruct. All communication takes place in the Kellerman noted that professional sports matrix of culture; therefore, difference people seem to be succeeding in learning language in culture is the primary obstacle to (quoted in Long, 2005). This can be proved from the intercultural communication. (Novinger, decent ability of speaking English by non-English players 2001) such as van Persie (Dutch), Mata (Spanish), and Januzaj (Belgian). The external factor, to play for an English It is obvious that communicating with club, is primarily burning the passion to learn English. someone from different culture is much more complex The internal factor, however, also plays a massive role in than doing it so with another one with similar culture. assisting a player to learn English. Ander Herrera, a Spanish midfielder, already masters English well before One that must be giving concern, is that they way of he joined Manchester United. Those can be advantaging communicating in each culture is different from another. fellow English players to communicate with non-English That is why Novinger emphasised on behaviour. It is one ones. That makes those players diglot, or capable to of the obstacles in communicating in intercultural speak two languages. situation. Every culture forms its own accepted and The Dutch football league or Eredivisi unaccepted behaviours and different cultures can cause precisely exemplifies the importance of language misunderstanding between cultures (Colero, 2005: 105) learning. Either the command in Dutch or speaking Dutch during training is significant, as what the players have From two-thirds to three-fourths of all been rated. The main concern is regarding cultural communication is nonverbal, as what has been estimated understanding (Auer and Wei, 2007: 395). Unlike, EPL, by communication specialists. A person can express their Eredivisi clubs mostly consist of substantial number of thought by showing gestures, facial expressions, tone of local players, unless it is Ajax Amsterdam or Feyenoord, voice, dress, body language, etc. Non-verbal language whose players’ nationalities are assorted. somehow is the natural form of communication that is Danish sports club oblige their players to learn Danish, as language skills are high priority for foreigners. learnt well. If people have an obligation to translate By providing language training and social support, it verbal language, they also need to translate non-verbal crucially will assist the foreigners to master Danish well. language (Novinger, 2001). Language learning in football is influenced by pragmatic This is the most common case happening in football aspects (effective communication), ideological aspects field. As Manchester United squad is assorted, (team sports, national importance and identification), intercultural communication is the main concern to give fluctuation of players, recruitment, and money (Auer and attention. In football case, variety of cultures, which are Wei, 2007: 396). related to the behaviour, is not really a major problem. Verbal language is stronger to make complication on the 10 Intercultural Nonverbal Communication among Players of Manchester United Football Club in England pitch rather than non-verbal one. Some foreign players open, warm, and strong person. Otherwise, it will may not be able to speak English. However, non-verbal emerge something inappropriate if the opposite communication can become the key to unravel the happens (Colero, 2005: 7). problem. As football language around the world is Postures universal. can be meant variously. It is related with the use of body posture and stance. A person can be told Non-Verbal Communication pretty much ffrom their posture and gestures Whenever information which is not spoken or (Colero, 2005: 88). written is delivered to someone,