Visionary Ascents of Moses in Pseudo-Philo's Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum: Apocalyptic Motifs and the Growth of Visionary Moses Tradition
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Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Dissertations, Theses, and Professional Dissertations (1934 -) Projects Visionary Ascents of Moses in Pseudo-Philo's Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum: Apocalyptic Motifs and the Growth of Visionary Moses Tradition Kristine Johnson Ruffatto Marquette University Follow this and additional works at: https://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu Part of the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Ruffatto, Kristine Johnson, "Visionary Ascents of Moses in Pseudo-Philo's Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum: Apocalyptic Motifs and the Growth of Visionary Moses Tradition" (2010). Dissertations (1934 -). 84. https://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu/84 VISIONARY ASCENTS OF MOSES IN PSEUDO-PHILO’S LIBER ANTIQUITATUM BIBLICARUM : APOCALYPTIC MOTIFS AND THE GROWTH OF VISIONARY MOSES TRADITION by Kristine J. Ruffatto, B.A., M.Div. A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School, Marquette University, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Milwaukee, Wisconsin December 2010 ABSTRACT VISIONARY ASCENTS OF MOSES IN PSEUDO-PHILO’S LIBER ANTIQUITATUM BIBLICARUM : APOCALYPTIC MOTIFS AND THE GROWTH OF VISIONARY MOSES TRADITION Kristine J. Ruffatto, B.A., M.Div. Marquette University, 2010 This dissertation explores the development of visionary Moses tradition from its origins in the Hebrew Bible through pro-Mosaic Second Temple literature and rabbinic texts. It demonstrates that throughout this variegated literature, there is a developing tendency to portray Moses as an apocalyptic seer. In the non-biblical Mosaic texts that were analyzed, Moses’ revelation on Sinai and Nebo is increasingly invested with esoteric content, and Moses’ ascents are often depicted as heavenly journeys. These revelatory developments have conceptual roots in alternative visionary traditions, notably Enochic lore. The texts investigated contain a discernible thread of dialogue with Enochic revelatory claims; Moses’ ascents and revelation were embellished to include speculative elements and motifs typical of Enochic traditions. Pro-Mosaic texts and traditions responded to alternative visionary developments by re-envisioning Moses’ ascents of Sinai and Nebo in similar transcendent terms. Moses’ presentation in these texts often appears to be a polemical positioning of Moses over Enoch. The second part of this dissertation considers the place of Pseudo-Philo’s Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum (LAB ) in the trajectory of visionary Moses tradition. Analysis of the apocalyptic features of LAB reveals the formative role of alternative visionary traditions in Pseudo-Philo’s portrayal of Moses. Moses often takes on the exalted qualities of Enoch in the text, including the experience of heavenly ascent, journey to paradise, and esoteric disclosure of heavenly, cosmic, meteorological, protological, and eschatological secrets. LAB not only demonstrates awareness of Enochic tradition; it provides evidence of polemical dialogue with Enochic revelatory claims. This assertion contributes to the deciphering of some puzzling passages in LAB. The investigation concludes that Pseudo-Philo’s depiction of Moses’ ascents and revelation were re-crafted with apocalyptic characteristics in order to underscore Moses’ authority and pre-eminent position as Israel’s visionary par excellence . LAB links all truth, exoteric (law and covenant) and esoteric, to Moses. i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Kristine J. Ruffatto, B.A., M.Div. Theology is a corporate endeavor, and thanks are due to the many people who made this dissertation possible. I am particularly grateful for the mentoring and support of Drs. Deirdre Dempsey, Andrei Orlov, Sharon Pace, and John Schmitt, and Fr. Alexander Golitzin. It has been a privilege to learn from such illustrious and gracious professors. I would also like to thank the faculty and students of Marquette’s Department of Theology for the collegial and supportive atmosphere that makes learning enjoyable. I have benefited greatly from the scholarship of my professors and peers in the seminar series Jewish Roots of Christian Mysticism. Special thanks go to my family, who have encouraged me at all stages of my life and who have kept me grounded in what is truly important, and to my incomparable friends, Jenny and Sue, who never let me forget that there is a time to laugh and a time to dance. Most of all, I am deeply grateful for the loving support of my husband, Scot, and of my sons, Steven and Jeff. At the end of every long day, you are there. This dissertation is dedicated to the three of you. Soli Deo Gloria ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................... i CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Pseudo-Philo and Visionary Moses Tradition ...................................................1 1.2 Moses the Visionary ..........................................................................................2 1.3 Apocalyptic Revelation to Moses in Pseudo-Philo ..........................................14 CHAPTER TWO: VISIONARY ASCENTS OF MOSES IN JEWISH TRADITION 2.1 Hebrew Bible: Key Texts in the Visionary Moses Tradition ..........................17 2.1.1 Exodus 19..........................................................................................18 2.1.2 Exodus 24..........................................................................................21 2.1.3 Exodus 25..........................................................................................24 2.1.4 Exodus 33-34 ....................................................................................26 2.1.5 Numbers 12:6-8 ................................................................................30 2.1.6 Deuteronomy 34................................................................................31 2.1.7 Mosaic Visionary Typology Applied to Other Biblical Figures .......33 2.1.8 Summary ...........................................................................................35 2.2 Dead Sea Scrolls ..............................................................................................42 2.2.1 4Q374 ................................................................................................45 2.2.2 4Q377 ................................................................................................49 2.2.3 4Q491c ..............................................................................................52 2.2.4 Enoch and Moses in the Scrolls ........................................................54 2.2.5 Summary ...........................................................................................55 2.3 Philo of Alexandria ..........................................................................................56 iii 2.4 Pseudepigrapha ................................................................................................61 2.4.1 Jubilees .............................................................................................62 2.4.2 The Exagoge of Ezekiel the Tragedian .............................................71 2.4.3 Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum .........................................................76 2.4.4 4 Ezra ................................................................................................78 2.4.5 2 Baruch ............................................................................................82 2.5 Septuagint ........................................................................................................86 2.6 Targumim .........................................................................................................88 2.7 Other Rabbinic Writings ..................................................................................94 2.8 Summary ........................................................................................................101 CHAPTER THREE: PSEUDO-PHILO AND MOSES: THE TEXT OF LAB AND ITS SHAPING OF VISIONARY MOSES TRADITION 3.1 The Text of LAB and its Apocalyptic Expansions .........................................104 3.2 A History of Research into LAB ’s Apocalyptic Features and Motifs ............109 3.3 Foundations and Presentation ........................................................................113 CHAPTER FOUR: MOUNTAIN ASCENT AND HEAVENLY VISION IN LAB 4.1 Mountain Ascent and Cosmic Significance ...................................................115 4.2 Moses’ Ascent to Heaven from Sinai: LAB 9, 11-13, 32 ...............................120 4.3 Moses’ Ascent to Heaven from Abarim/Nebo: LAB 19 ................................125 4.4 LAB 19: Parallels in Earlier Enochic Traditions ............................................130 4.4.1 The Exclusivity of Moses’ Celestial and Cosmological Revelation ................................................................................................131 4.4.2 The Association of Moses with Numbering and Measuring ..........131 4.4.3 Moses’ Journey to Paradise ............................................................133 iv 4.4.4 The Association of Moses with Astronomical “Signs” ..................133 4.4.5 Revelation to Moses of Meteorological and Cosmological Secrets ......................................................................................................135 4.5 Esoteric Revelation to Covenant Patriarchs ...................................................137 4.6 Summary ........................................................................................................140