Our objective as the Centre for Civil Society, our staff determined in 2005, is to advance socio-economic and environmental justice by developing critical knowledge about, for and in dialogue with civil society through teaching, research and publishing. The Centre was established at the University of KwaZulu- Natal in July 2001, with the mission of promoting the study of South African civil society as a legitimate, flourishing area of scholarly activity. A related goal was to develop partnerships within civil society aimed at capacity-building, knowledge sharing, and generating reflection and debate. With an excellent start in these directions, we now also aim to work across the African continent and internationally. Our three core strategies are: independent critical scholarship (including provision of research grants); information dissemination; and teaching/training. Our two-dozen strong community at UKZN’s Howard College campus is comprised of academics and research officers, administrators, visiting scholars, and doctoral and masters students. Our colleagues include more than 200 research grantees, Research Associates, community liaisons and other collaborators.

Internal research: The Centre serves as a research unit housing several major multi-year programmes. These have their own staff funded mainly from external resources raised from international foundations, including the Ford Foundation, Mott Foundation and Atlantic Philanthropies. In addition, the Centre’s staff work on their own self-directed research projects and contribute to the vibrant intellectual life of the Centre through seminars. Several thematic research areas – economic justice, energy, water, HIV/AIDS and others in formation – are being developed.

Grant Agency: The Centre has been fortunate to have resources for grants made available to academics, research institutes, independent scholars and civil society organisations based in South Africa and other African countries. In addition, the centre offers several Doctoral and Post-Doctoral fellowships to outstanding scholars working on theses relevant to African civil society.

Information Agency: The Centre runs a popular website which contains over 1 200 articles, documents and images. The site receives an average of over 1 800 page impressions per working day. The Centre also hosts a well-used library containing books, films, journals, popular periodicals and internet access; runs a weekly film screening project; and regularly publishes and distributes research reports. The Centre is very active off-campus, especially in low-income urban communities in KwaZulu-Natal.

Discussion and Debate: The Centre runs an email list-serve with 800 subscribers; hosts an academic seminar series on civil society; hosts public interest forums; and runs the very popular Harold Wolpe Memorial Lecture, a monthly event that usually attracts an enthusiastic audience of around 250 people.

Postgraduate Teaching and Activist Training: The Centre currently teaches a course in the School of Development Studies Masters’ Programme, where CCS also sponsors a half-dozen research masters and doctoral students with specialised civil society dissertations. The Centre also participates in various undergraduate teaching projects, hosts regular civil society workshops, and runs a training programme for people working and volunteering in civil society. Centre staff also attend conferences and offer lectures at other universities and for civil society audiences, locally, regionally and internationally.

COVER: A boy leaps over a polluted stream in Mandela Park squatter camp, Bekkersdal township west of Johannesburg, South Africa. CONTENTS PG

1 INTRODUCTION 01

2 CCS SCHOLARSHIP 05

1.1 RESEARCH PROJECT: SOCIAL MOVEMENTS 06 1.2 RESEARCH PROJECT: SOCIAL GIVING 08 1.3 RESEARCH PROJECT: CIVIL SOCIETY IN A GLOBALISING SOUTH AFRICA 10 1.4 RESEARCH PROJECT: ENERGY ADVOCACY 11 1.5 RESEARCH PROJECT: WATER ADVOCACY 13 1.6 RESEARCH PROJECT: CIVIL SOCIETY AND AFRICAN INTEGRATION 13 1.7 RESEARCH GRANTS 13 1.8 PUBLICATIONS AND CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS 15

2 INFORMATION DISSEMINATION 27

2.1 THE INFORMATION NEXUS 27 2.2 HAROLD WOLPE MEMORIAL LECTURES 27 2.3 SEMINARS 29 2.4 WEBSITE AND LISTSERVE 31

3 TEACHING AND TRAINING 33

3.1 POST GRADUATE TEACHING 33 3.2 INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS EXCHANGE 33 3.3 RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS SKILLS TRAINING PROGRAMME 33

4 CENTRE OPERATIONS 35

4.1 THE CCS COMMUNITY 35 4.2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 37 4.3 CENTRE FINANCES 41

SA’s social movements march from Alexandra Township to the world summit on susutainable development in Sandton, 31 August 2002 INTRODUCTION

According to Minister of Safety and Security Charles Nqakula in an October 2005 parliamentary statement, there were 5800 protests recorded by the South African police during the prior twelve-month period. Of these, 800 were deemed ‘illegal’ (although we know from 2005 experiences in Durban that this may mean police simply criminalise constitutionally-guaranteed rights of expression). Here and across the world, grievances are being expressed more regularly over decaying state service delivery; over meaningless options for democratic participation; over excess corporate power; over durable racism and intolerance to immigrants; over suffocating patriarchy and domestic violence; over environmental degradation; over discrimination against homosexuals and differently-abled people; and over the rampant commodification of everything, to name just a few. The Centre for Civil Society is trying to rapidly respond with analysis, research, published scholarship, exchanges of views, training and capacity building. We know that the vast majority of these expressions of disquiet – and the regular injuries and even death inflicted upon community and social activists – will be too quickly forgotten, too brutally repressed, too cunningly coopted, or too rapidly misappropriated. If democratic instincts are to prevail, a long, slow building process within civil society is always required, so that the surface expressions of these problems are matched by a lasting commitment to stay a course of organising, mobilising and self-educating. For us, one lesson is clear from the last five years of CCS's existence: a little- recognised but crucial mode of knowledge generation, praxis, comes from popular forces challenging systems that don’t work. In the course of the challenge, social change advocates are discovering the room for maneuvre within the system, as well as their own strengths and weaknesses. Analysis is not a luxury, it is crucial for good strategy in these very difficult days. Thus we ask ourselves, regularly, whether CCS is doing enough to maintain awareness of the various forms in which civil society praxis occurs. Have we and our

CENTRE FOR CIVIL SOCIETY 1 many allied researchers yet achieved: · close enough contact with society’s most creative organisations to comprehend their analysis, norms, strategies, tactics and limits? · sufficient capacity to do arms-length critiques of civil society (on gender, race, class, ecology and other lines), even in the context of researcher participation (and associated privileges)? · a healthy breadth of constituencies and sufficient coverage of key issue areas? · robust debates over who civil society represents, over accountability, over voice and over differential power? · clear awareness of the merits of micro/individual and household-scale analysis, ‘shifting the gaze’ and ethnography? · an understanding of the uneven development of civil society, and of the ebb and flow of civil society organising? and · the necessary positioning of CCS within local, national, continental and global discourses and practices?

CCS’s internal biases, language deficiencies and conflicts make it impossible to answer any of the queries above affirmatively. So these are ongoing challenges, accepted with humility. To these ends, staff decided to radically decentralise power relations at CCS in 2005, allowing energy to be poured into a number of projects and collective decisions on key priorities throughout the year. In February, we arranged a strategic retreat where we considered the helpful mid-term evaluation prepared by Ann Hunter, further committing each other to supportive and democratic processes. In May, staff agreed on phrasing the broad objective that underlies the Centre’s approach, as follows: ‘to advance socio-economic and environmental justice by developing critical knowledge about, for and in dialogue with civil society through teaching, research and publishing.’ In November, Salim Vally assisted CCS with internal Organisational Development and managerial processes. As for the content of our work, it is also shifting. As we graduate from our foundational reliance upon very generous core funding support from Atlantic Philanthropies - given Atlantic’s phasing out of tertiary education and civil society promotion - towards more financially sustainable research project strategies, CCS consolidated a variety of activities in 2005 and began embarking upon theme-specific research. Our internal May 2005 poll confirmed that staff desire work within a multiplicity of areas: African popular geopolitics and solidarity; the politics of HIV/AIDS activism; social movements and labour; land, water, energy and housing; municipal democracy and development; economic justice; and social exclusion (race, gender, class, sexuality, xenophobia).

2 ANNUAL REPORT 2005 We rely in large part upon our relationships with civil society organisations to mandate activities, amend our agenda, and promote new areas of work. But also of great importance are peer reviewers who assist us on publications and provide commentary on presentations made by staff. In 2005, these included audiences at numerous local and international universities and conferences. All shaped our thinking, and we are grateful for the freedom and resources to exchange views, a privilege many of our constituencies lack.

To concretise these interests and capacities, we have begun developing projects in energy, water, HIV-AIDS, urban citizenship and economic justice. Others will follow. These research themes are already generating diverse portfolios that highlight CCS’s specific orientation to social justice and indeed to a broadly-defined (and self-critical) human rights advocacy. The terrain was set in part by the completion of the Social Movements research, and augmented by the Social Giving project’s broad overview of civil society financing, by research with Norgwegian colleagues into global political- economic impacts upon civil society, and by our early investigations into African civil society integration. Hence, for example, research on energy emerged as a focus area given the interests in both micro-critiques by Soweto community organisations (the topic of several masters’ theses) and global warming mitigation (in part because an especially dubious approach – carbon trading – is being piloted in Durban). HIV-AIDS advocacy analysis was published by key research staff, and in 2006 additional projects will begin. Water research included preliminary work with CCS staff and post-graduate students in the Western Cape, northern KwaZulu-Natal, peri-urban and rural Mozambique and urban Zambian communities, as well as national- and international-scale analysis. A major colloquium on economic justice will take place in early 2006, in part to honour conceptual contributions by Harold Wolpe, Guy Mhone, José Negrão and Rosa Luxemburg, with support from a variety of new funders. Defining and defending ‘the right to the city’ is also a subject of ongoing research and praxis. These are some of the key sites of thematic research in 2006 and onwards, for which CCS staff anticipate a shift in budgetary support (in future, specific projects will carry overhead fees to assure general costs are covered). Strong foundations were laid with scholarship in 2005, so that is where this annual report begins.

CENTRE FOR CIVIL SOCIETY 3 View of the Bisasar Road Clare Estate dump through the wire. Although the residents of the Kennedy Road informal settlement live overlooking a municipal waste dump, they cannot have their waste picked up because the city will not give them official rubbish bags 1. CCS SCHOLARSHIP

In 2005, our studies and popular analyses were published in eight CCS collections or staff-authored/edited books (in 2004 there were two); in 26 accredited journal articles (2004: 24); in 21 book chapters (2004: 13); in 15 other intellectual journal articles (2004: 13), in seven occasional papers and research reports (2004: 13); and in at least 28 short popular articles and book reviews (2004: 36). Our staff made presentations at scores of venues, ranging from township community halls to other leading universities across the world. Dozens of new papers, reports, articles, chapters and other work listed in these pages are found at our website: http://www.ukzn.ac.za/ccs. We especially appreciate our collaboration with the University of KwaZulu-Natal Press (Glenn Cowley and Sally Hines), Africa World Press (Kassahun Checole) and the Human Sciences Research Council Press (John Daniel), which allows our work to travel further and in a more professional way. In 2006 we will join a South African university press distribution network and launch several titles at the Cape Town Book Fair. In addition to research outputs from the Social Movements, Social Giving, Energy, Water and Economic Justice projects, other book-length publications were prepared by CCS staff during 2005 for publication next year, by Patrick Bond (Talk Left, Walk Right second edition and Looting Africa), Ashwin Desai and Patrick Bond (Foreign Policy Bottom-Up and Crony Neoliberalism and Paranoid Nationalism), Raj Patel (Promised Land and Stuffed and Starved), Richard Pithouse (Asinimali) and Zoë Wilson (The UN and Democracy in Africa). What, though, was the qualitative impact of CCS research? We have asked Atlantic Philanthropies to conduct a five-year evaluation of CCS in 2006, and hope to have an objective sense from that exercise. At least one benchmark for our work is the superb social analysis – especially of African civil society and social movements – carried out over the past three decades by the Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa (Codesria). We anticipate that the strong relations established with Codesria during the course of several meetings in 2005 will grow next year, as our African Integration project and other Africa-wide initiatives are strengthened. Likewise, we anticipate further contact with Third World civil society scholars who will arrive in Durban for the International Sociological Association congress in mid-2006. Given the importance of networking and research partnerships, in 2005 we also began joint projects with research institutions oriented to social change such as

CENTRE FOR CIVIL SOCIETY 5 Focus on the Global South in Bangkok and the Transnational Institute (TNI) in Amsterdam. Close relations with other traditional civil society research nodes – such as the Civil Society Centres at the London School of Economics and the University of California at Los Angeles – also flowered, as we joined their team that generates the Global Civil Society Yearbook and began planning other joint projects. CCS agreed to host the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development for an early 2006 colloquium to consider the impact of international summitry on civil society and vice versa. We also maintained ties to university research groups carrying out similar work: at Dar es Salaam, Makerere, Cairo, Lubumbashi, Duke, Chicago and York (Toronto) on African civil society; at Bergen, Oslo, Gothenburg and the Nordic Africa Institute on global and Africa-wide governance reforms; at Newcastle, American University, UCLA and Oxford on water; at TNI, Dartmouth and The Cornerhouse on energy; at Africa University (Mutare, Zimbabwe) and Mauritius on pro-poor African social policy advocacy; at Bologna on social philanthropy; at Gyeongsang National University (Jinju, Korea), Central European University (Budapest), City University of New York, the University of Minnesota, the Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation, York and the School of Oriental and African Studies on political economy; and at many South African institutions on these and other aspects of civil society research. In addition to joint projects and presentations at CCS by South African researchers, we benefited from our attendance in 2005 at the annual meetings of sociologists, political scientists and geographers. We will also continue to play a role in the International Society for Third Sector Research, and send a team to its biannual conference in 2006 to present research and get feedback on where cutting-edge analysis of civil society can be found, and new research alliances made.

1.1 RESEARCH PROJECT: SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

The project on Globalisation, Marginalisation and New Social Movements was funded by Atlantic Philanthropies and the Ford Foundation. It took the form of a collaboration between 22 researchers conducting studies of 16 different social movements. The research and report writing was concluded in 2004, allowing the CCS’s Richard Ballard and Adam Habib plus Imraan Valodia of the School of Development Studies to produce an edited volume during 2005. A proposal to the University of KwaZulu- Natal Press was accepted, and the final manuscript, Voices of Protest: Social Movements in Post-Apartheid South Africa, was submitted in late 2005 for publication in June 2006. The book comprises chapters from all collaborating researchers. The project was also

6 ANNUAL REPORT 2005 reported on by Richard in academic journal articles and at various conferences including the Society of South African Geographers’ Sixth Biennial Conference (7-9 September) and the South African Sociological Association 2005 Congress at the University of Limpopo in Polokwane (26-29 June).

Voices of Protest: Social Movements in Post-Apartheid South Africa

· Richard Ballard, Adam Habib, Imraan Valodia and Elke Zuern - Introduction: From Anti-Apartheid to Post-Apartheid Social Movements · Steven Friedman and Shauna Mottiar - Seeking the High Ground: The Treatment Action Campaign and the Politics of Morality · Anthony Egan and Alex Wafer - Dynamics of a ‘Mini-Mass Movement’: Origins, Identity and Ideological Pluralism in the Soweto Electricity Crisis Committee · Sakhela Buhlungu - Upstarts or Bearers of Tradition? The Anti-Privatisation Forum of Gauteng · Peter Dwyer - The Concerned Citizens Forum: A Fight Within a Fight · Sophie Oldfield and Kristian Stokke - Building Unity in Diversity: Social Movement Activism in the Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign · Stephen Greenberg - The Landless People’s Movement and the Failure of Post-Apartheid Land Reform · Firoz Khan and Edgar Pieterse - The Homeless People’s Alliance: Purposive Creation and Ambiguated Realities · Elke Zuern - Elusive Boundaries: SANCO, the ANC and the Post-Apartheid South African State · Jacklyn Cock - Connecting the Red, Brown and Green: The Environmental Justice Movement in South Africa · Adam Habib and Imraan Valodia - Reconstructing a Social Movement in an Era of Globalisation: A Case Study of COSATU · Annie Devenish and Caroline Skinner - Collective Action in the Informal Economy: The Case of the Self-Employed Women’s Union, 1994–2004 · Cyrus Rustomjee - From Economic Debt to Moral Debt: The Campaigns of Jubilee South Africa · Baruti Amisi and Richard Ballard - In the Absence of Citizenship: Congolese Refugee Struggle and Organisation in South Africa · Teresa Dirsuweit - The Problem of Identities: The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex Social Movement in South Africa · Shireen Hassim - The Challenges of Inclusion and Transformation: The Women’s Movement in Democratic South Africa · Ashwin Desai - The Cape of Good Dope? A Post-Apartheid Story of Gangs and Vigilantes · Richard Ballard, Adam Habib and Imraan Valodia - Conclusion: Making Sense of Post- Apartheid South Africa’s Voices of Protest

CENTRE FOR CIVIL SOCIETY 7 1.2 RESEARCH PROJECT: SOCIAL GIVING

The Social Giving Project was set up at CCS in 2003 as a partnership with the Southern Africa Grantmakers Association (SAGA) and the National Development Agency (NDA). Under the direction of Adam Habib and Brij Maharaj, it was intended to provide a comprehensive and critical snapshot of the state of philanthropy and giving in South Africa by investigating the flow of resources in several important sectors: from externally based role-players, the corporate sector, community-level giving and faith-based giving. Key research issues revolved around the following questions: who gives; why do they give; who are the recipients of such giving; to what activities or causes do people give; how much do people give; and how organised is the process of giving. The research is intended as an important tool for determining how best to intervene in addressing specific poverty situations and related social problems. It includes information about aid and resource flows for use in developmental and anti- poverty work. Largely completed by the end of 2005, the research tracked the flow of developmental/philanthropic resources in South Africa. Apart from generating a quantitative understanding of South Africa’s (hitherto almost unknown) philanthropic profile, it also created an awareness of the country’s rich and textured giving practices, which transcend race, class and age. This important data has been shared with civil society through website access, reports, conferences, seminars and workshops. Outputs take the form of (a) Social Giving Report Series which compiles the findings into a series of reports and (b) a book to be assembled from the different research initiatives undertaken by individuals and teams working on the project. Research initiatives continue to emerge from the current phase of the project. Project manager Annsilla Nyar drafted a research paper in collaboration with the Ford Foundation East Africa office for a book on philanthropy in Africa. Her research concentrates on the advent of community foundations in South Africa. CCS and partners are also organising a research initiative with the Masters Programme in Philanthropy at the University of Bologna in Bologna, Italy. This collaboration will help to develop philanthropic studies as an academic discipline, and will facilitate training in philanthropic work in South Africa. One initiative already completed at Bologna is the multi-partner research project on ‘Responsibility, Social Investment and Entrepreneurial Action in Family Philanthropy’. Annsilla participated in this initiative and produced a monograph entitled ‘Given, Forgotten, Finished: Toward Recognition of Family Giving in Durban, South Africa’, which will form part of a forthcoming book. The research findings of the project will be assembled in the form of a book which

8 ANNUAL REPORT 2005 will bring together the various research initiatives and provide a critical overview of the state of giving in South Africa. Editing and publication processes for this book were nearly complete by the end of 2005. The Social Giving Project has been generously funded and supported by the Atlantic Philanthropies, Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, the Ford Foundation and the National Development Agency. We regret the closure of one partner – the South African Grantmakers Association – but appreciate the commitment of far-sighted leaders of the philanthropic community to take up the slack. The support and encouragement of our funders in the course of this research has been invaluable to us.

The Social Giving Research Report Series

· David Everatt and Geetesh Solanki – ‘A Nation of Givers: Social Giving amongst South Africans,’ Social Giving Research Report 1. · Steven Friedman, Judi Hudson and Shaun Mackay – ‘Like Chalk, Like Cheese? – “Professionalism” and “Whim” in Corporate Giving at AngloGold Ashanti and Pick ‘n Pay’, Social Giving Report 2. · Mark Swilling, Johann van Breda, Albert van Zyl and Firoze Khan – ‘Economic Policymaking in a Developmental State: Review of the South African Government’s Poverty and Development Approaches, 1994-2004,’ Economic Policy and Poverty Alleviation Report Series, Research Report 3. · Mark Swilling and Johann van Breda – ‘Institutionalising the Developmental State: The Case of the “Special Funds”’, Economic Policy and Poverty Alleviation Report Series, Research Report 4. · Deborah Ewing and Thulani Guliwe – ‘Exploring the Role of Official Development Assistance in South Africa’, Externally Funded Resources Series, Research Report 5. · Deborah Ewing – ‘Understanding Private Foreign Giving in South Africa’, Externally Funded Resources Series, Research Report 6.

CENTRE FOR CIVIL SOCIETY 9 1.3 RESEARCH PROJECT: CIVIL SOCIETY IN A GLOBALISING SOUTH AFRICA

Civil society in a globalising South Africa is a collabrorative project between the Universities of Cape Town and KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa and the Universities of Oslo and Bergen in Norway, directed by Terje Tvedt and Patrick Bond. Its objective was to develop conceptual frameworks for comparative analyses of civil society, and an empirical examination of the response of civil society organisations to the privatisation of public services in South Africa (as well as other aspects of global economic pressure). On 8 November 2005, Patrick arranged a colloquium at CCS that permitted initial presentation of the papers. The project enabled CCS to access resources (bursaries, travel funding and equipment) to ensure that several post-graduate students began their next advanced degree. It also permitted the establishment of an ‘Economic Justice’ research theme at CCS, and allowed co-funding arrangements to emerge with several other foundations for an international conference in early March 2006 addressing market/non-market relations with a focus on globalisation, privatisation of the commons, and civil society reactions. CCS also benefited from extensive interaction with other Oslo-based scholars with strong ties to civil society, based at the Institute for Global Networking, Information and Studies. Future work will include assessments of global political economy, advocacy movements and African civil society as part of the colloquium. The Research Council of Norway (Jan Haakonsen) and National Research Foundation (Hannekie Botha) are warmly thanked for their funding support.

CCS Colloquium on Civil Society and the International Aid/Financial System, 8 November

· Terje Tvedt (Bergen) – ‘Understanding the Current Evolution of Civil Society: Towards an Analytical Integration of the Aid System in Explanatory Schemas‘. · Kristian Stokke (Oslo) – ‘Political Polemics, Local Practices of Community-Organising and Neoliberal Politics in South Africa’. · Paul Opoku-Mensah (Bergen) – ‘Giving Voice to Civil Society in African Development: The Aid System and PRSPs in Africa‘. · Patrick Bond (CCS) – ‘Aid, Finance, Neoliberalism and Resistance in Post-Apartheid South Africa‘. · Adam Habib (CCS) – ‘The State and Civil Society in Post-Apartheid South Africa‘. · Sophie Oldfield (UCT) – ‘Building Unity in Diversity: Social Movement Activism in the Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign‘. · David Lier (UCT) – ‘Maximum Working Class Unity? Social Movement Unionism in Cape Town’.

10 ANNUAL REPORT 2005 1.4 RESEARCH PROJECT: ENERGY ADVOCACY

With the support of a three-year grant from the SA Netherlands Research Programme on Alternatives in Development (SANPAD), a team of CCS and community researchers under the supervision of Patrick Bond studied and reported on evidence of global warming and the controversial mitigation strategy known as ‘carbon trading’. To advance the strategy in Africa, the World Bank chose Durban’s vast Bisasar Road landfill as a pilot project. CCS held colloquia in June and October, both with the assistance of the Transnational Institute’s Carbon Trade Watch project in Amsterdam (especially Heidi Bachram and Graham Erion). Patrick and masters student Rehana Dada published their arguments against carbon trading in the Mail & Guardian, Sunday Independent, Pambazuka and ZNet. They co-edited a CCS Civil Society Reader on global warming, Trouble in the Air: Global Warming and the Privatised Atmosphere, which was downloaded 8000 times in the first five months of its access at our partner’s website. The book received of a high profile in the newsletter of the United Nations Environment Programme newsletter Network 2005 in November, just prior to the Kyoto Protocol Conference of Parties in Montreal, and was presented at both the National Climate Change Conference in Sandton in October (by Rehana) and the Kyoto Conference of Parties in December (by contributor Trusha Reddy). An updated edition after these two conferences was prepared for an academic publisher and was under review at the end of 2005.

Trouble in the Air

· Patrick Bond and Rehana Dada - Introduction

Part One: Core Arguments and Context · Graham Erion - What’s Wrong with Carbon Trading? · Patrick Bond - What’s Wrong with our Energy System? · Muna Lakhani - What’s Wrong with Nukes, what’s Right with Renewable Energy? · Lawrence Summers - What’s Right with Pollution Trading?

CENTRE FOR CIVIL SOCIETY 11 Part Two: South Africa’s Carbon Trade Debate · Janet Wilhelm - Profits from Fresh Air · Patrick Bond and Rehana Dada - Putting a Price on Fresh Air · Shankar Vedantam - Kyoto Credits System Aids the Rich, Some Say · Megan Lindow - A New Source of African Finance · Richard Worthington - Double-edged sword of the Kyoto Protocol · Muna Lakhani - An Appeal for Zero Waste

Part Three: Devils in the CDM Details · Trusha Reddy - Durban’s Perfume Rods, Plastic Covers and Sweet-Smelling Toxic Dump · Juggie Naran - Protest over Dump Site Plan · Sunday Tribune Herald - A New Dump at Bisasar Road: Immoral, Stupid Move · Rehana Dada - Bisasar Community Buy-in? · Mpumelelo Mhlalisi - Bellville’s ‘Socially Sustainable’ Dump · Caroline Ntaopane - Sasolburg’s Filthy Air · Graham Erion - Low Hanging Fruit always Rots First: South Africa’s Crony Carbon Market

Part Four: Critiques of Global Emissions Trading · Heidi Bachram - Climate Fraud and Carbon Colonialism · Larry Lohmann, Jutta Kill, Graham Erion and Michael K. Dorsey - The US Experience with Pollution Markets: An Argument for Carbon Trading?

Part Five: Big Oil – Carbon Trading’s Big Beneficiary · Larry Lohmann, Jutta Kill, Graham Erion and Michael K. Dorsey - Profits via Prototype Carbon Fund Greenwash · groundWork - Whose Energy Future? Big Oil against the African People · Patrick Bond - Oil Companies Drain Africa, Now – and with Pretoria’s Help, in Future?

Part Six: Documentation · Republic of South Africa Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism - Pretoria’s Clean Development Mechanism Policy · The Durban Declaration on Carbon Trading - Climate Justice Now! · The Second Durban Declaration on Carbon Trading - South Africa needs Climate Justice Now!

The next stage of the work will focus on electricity, using Soweto as a case study for several CCS masters students. Three SANPAD masters students – Rehana, Prishani Naidoo and Ahmed Veriava – submitted draft dissertation proposals at the end of 2005, and two others – Trevor Ngwane and Virginia Setshedi – advanced their draft proposals and took part in several energy workshops. We are very grateful to SANPAD’s Anshu Padayachee for ongoing support and encouragement.

12 ANNUAL REPORT 2005 1.5 RESEARCH PROJECT: WATER ADVOCACY

Water is an emerging area for research, with regular papers, publications and presentations on water pricing, water/sanitation delivery systems, human rights and civil society activism given by staff and students, including Patrick Bond and Zoë Wilson. The first phase of the ‘Second Order Water Scarcity in South Africa’ project began in partnership with Newcastle University political scientist Julie Trottier in October. Managed by Wilson, the project draws on student research support from Eleanor Hazell, Horman Chitonge and Emeka Osuigwe, with additional support from Amanda Khan and Horacio Zandamela. Project objectives are to map the relationships between traditional and formal water governance in South Africa and working with community members to create a set of user-friendly visual/spatial policy dialogue tools. In 2005, outreach included Durban community activist networking in partnership with the South African Water Caucus, with seminars and workshops held in January and November. Another project on water survival strategies, financed by the Open Society Initiative of Southern Africa, will take the enquiry further into regional settings. Complementary work is also being conducted in Zambia by Paxina Chileshe (see.www.waterscarcity.org).

1.6 RESEARCH PROJECT: CIVIL SOCIETY AND AFRICAN INTEGRATION

The first phase of the Civil Society and African Integration project – managed by Mammo Muchie and directed by Vishnu Padayachee and Adam Habib – led, in 2005, to the preparation of a special issue of the journal Transformation: Critical Perspectives in Southern Africa, 61 (to be published in 2006). The issue will include articles by Vishnu, Adam, Mammo, Paul Opoku-Mensah, Chris Landsberg and Issa Shivji. CCS submitted a proposal for the second phase to the Ford Foundation in 2005 and it is hoped that during that phase a secretariat will be set up (at a university outside South Africa) to take the initiative further. The Ford Foundation (especially John Butler- Adam) is warmly thanked for interest in this work.

1.7 RESEARCH GRANTS

The grants programme is funded by the Atlantic Philanthropies and was established in order to promote research on civil society in South Africa. Since its inception 83 projects have been funded, along with scholarships for three doctoral and four postdoctoral researchers. As these research reports come to a close, their reports are posted on the CCS web site under the grants section. There are currently 34 projects posted, many of which have had a significant impact and are being widely cited.

CENTRE FOR CIVIL SOCIETY 13 CCS Research Grants, 2005

· Denise Biggs - ‘The Socio-Economic Impact of Christian Organisations on Tourism Development in Rural and Previously Disadvantaged Communities’. · Desmond D’Sa - ‘The eThekwini Municipality and Civil Society in the South Durban Basin: Contesting Space, Place and Race in a Post-Apartheid City’. · Cosmas Desmond - ‘Landlessness and Civil Society: A Critical Pedagogy and Mobilisation Pilot Project in KwaZulu-Natal’. · Peter Dwyer - ‘Four Wheel Drives and Burning Tyres: Understanding Social Movements in Southern Africa’. · Michael Graaf - ‘Entry-Level Democracy: Independent Municipal Candidates in the 2006 Election’. · Zakes Haltshwayo - ‘Factors that Underpin Freedom of Expression Struggles in the Face of Non-Delivery in the Free State Province’. · John Karumbidza - ‘For Support or Control? The Zimbabwe Farmers Union (ZFU) and Small Farmer Survival Strategies in Zimbabwe’s Resettlement Schemes since 1980’. · Guy Lamb - ‘The Peacebuilding Component of South Africa’s Civil Society Sector: Activities, Governance, Sustainability and Effectiveness’. · Leslie London - ‘A Learning Network to Advance Health Equity through Human Rights Strategies’. · Toussaint Losier - ‘‘No Land, No Homes, No Vote!’’ Developments in the Political Thought of the Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign, 2003-2006’. · Evangelos Mantzaris - ‘Everyday Struggles and Civil Society Initiatives: Banana City 1 and 2’. · Darlene Miller - ‘Regional Resistance and South African Multinational Expansion: Regional Claims of Rural Producers and Urban Workers in Zambia’. · Godfrey Musuka - ‘Views from Health Civic Groups on Current Health Legislation in Zimbabwe’. · Prishani Naidoo - ‘Constituting the Class/Potentialities Foreclosed: The South African Student Movement’s Encounters With Neoliberalism’. · Kavilan Pillay - ‘Durban Community Movements’ Responses to the Impact of HIV/AIDS on Activists within their Movements’. · Paula Proudlock - ‘The Disability Sector’s Children’s Bill Campaign: A Model of Successful Law Reform Advocacy’. · Dinga Sikwebu - ‘Cosatu: A Dependable Ally of the Global Justice Movement?’. · Vicci Tallis - ‘Gendered Assumptions and Practices in HIV and AIDS Research: Towards Women-Empowering Research and Advocacy’. · Peter van Heusden - ‘Enkanini, a Post-Apartheid Land Occupation in Khayelitsha’. · Gregory van Rensburg - ‘The Contribution of the Church to Land Reform in South Africa’. · Julie Venketsamy - ‘The Forced Installation of Pre-Paid Electricity Meters in Sydenham Heights and Bayview’. · Ahmed Veriava - ‘The Effects of Prepaid Water Meters on the Life Strategies of Soweto’s Poor’.

14 ANNUAL REPORT 2005 Mid-way through 2005, Richard Ballard took over as the research manager of Research Grants from Hermien Kotze, and he is assisted by Baruti Amisi. In August, the project, funded by Atlantic Philanthropies, made awards to 22 new CCS Research Associates, drawing from an applicant pool of 47. The grants were up to the value of R50 000. We especially want to thank our advisory group for the hard work on evaluating the many dozens of applications we received (see Acknowledgements).

1.8 PUBLICATIONS AND CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS

CCS’s publishing team produced two sets of Research Reports in volumes entitled Global Forces, Local Processes (2005, volume 1) and Problematising Resistance (2005, volume 2). The latter was edited by Amanda Alexander and Mandisa Mbali, and accepted for republication as a special double issue of the Journal of Asian and African Studies in 2006. CCS also copublished a second edition of Fanon’s Warning: A Civil Society Reader on the New Partnership for Africa’s Development with Africa World Press and the Alternative Information and Development Centre. We are extremely grateful to the CS Mott Foundation for publishing support.

Global Forces, Local Processes: CCS Research Reports, 2005, Volume 1

· Patrick Bond (CCS) - ‘Introduction’. · Gillian Hart (University of California/Berkeley Geography) - ‘Denaturalising Dispossession: Critical Ethnography in the Age of Resurgent Imperialism’. · Prishani Naidoo and Ahmed Veriava (CCS) - ‘Re-Membering Movements: Trade Unions and New Social Movements in NeoLiberal South Africa’. · Mandisa Mbali (CCS) - ‘The Treatment Action Campaign and the History of Rights- Based Patient-Driven HIV/Aids Activism in South Africa’.

CENTRE FOR CIVIL SOCIETY 15 · Sharad Chari (LSE and UKZN School of Development Studies) - ‘Political Work: The Holy Spirit and the Labours of Activism in the Shadows of Durban’s Refineries’. · Zoë Wilson (CCS) - ‘Wishful Thinking, Wilful Blindness and Artful Amnesia: Power and the UNDP’s Promotion of Democracy in Botswana, Namibia and Tanzania’. · Michael Neocosmos (University of Pretoria Sociology) - ‘Re-Thinking Politics Today: Elements of a Critique of Political Liberalism in Southern Africa’.

Problematising Resistance: CCS Research Reports, 2005, Volume 2

· Amanda Alexander and Mandisa Mbali (CCS) - ‘Introduction’. · Sanya Osha (CCS) - ‘Birth of the Ogoni Protest Movement’. · Andile Mngxitama (Landless People’s Movement) - ‘The National Land Committee, 1994 – 2004: A Critical Insider’s Perspective’. · Raj Patel (CCS) - ‘International Agrarian Restructuring and the Practical Ethics of Peasant Movement Solidarity’. · Peter van Heusden (independent) and Rebecca Pointer (Municipal Services Project) - ‘Subjectivity, Politics and Neoliberalism in Post-Apartheid Cape Town’. · Mthetho Xali (International Labour Research Information Group) - ‘Seeking Trade Union and Community Organisation Linkages in the Cape Town Metropolitan Area: Possibilities for New Trade Unionism and New Social Movements’. · Teresa Barnes (UWC History) - ‘Changing Discourses and Meanings of Redress in South African Higher Education, 1994-2001’. · Gregory Albo (York University Political Science) - ‘Contesting the “New Capitalism”‘.

Fanon’s Warning: A Civil Society Reader on the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (Second Edition)

1. Introduction

2. Organisational statements · Statement by Civil Society Participants in the Canadian International Development Administration meeting on Nepad (Montreal). · Civil Society Indaba (South Africa), Johannesburg - Resolution on Nepad. · Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa, Dakar and Third World Network-Africa, Accra - Declaration on Africa’s development challenges. · The Congress of South African Trade Unions, Johannesburg - Media statement on the Cosatu Central Executive Committee. · African Financing for Development Caucus, Monterrey, Mexico - Press release at the UN International Conference on Financing for Development. · African Trade Union Conference, Dakar - The Dakar Declaration on the Role of African Workers and Trade Unions in Nepad. · World Forum for Alternatives and Third World Forum, Dakar - The African Social Forum in Bamako. · African Financing for Development Caucus, New York - Statement on the 4th Financing

16 ANNUAL REPORT 2005 for Development PrepCom. · African Social Forum, Bamako, Mali - Bamako Declaration: Another Africa is Possible!

3. Independent analysis · Trevor Ngwane, AntiPrivatisation Forum, Johannesburg - Should African Social Movements Support Nepad? · Mohau Pheko, Africa Trade Network - New or Old Partnership for African Women? · Yash Tandon, Southern and Eastern African Trade, Information and Negotiations Initiative, Harare - Nepad = Sap+Gats+DSB. · Tetteh Hormeku, Third World Network-Africa, Accra and Gary Barr, Canadian Council for International Cooperation - Africans Left out of Plan for Future. · Margaret Legum, South African New Economics Society - How New is this Partnership? · Zwelinzima Vavi, Congress of SA Trade Unions, Johannesburg - Nepad Keeps out Labour, says Cosatu. · Ian Taylor, University of Botswana, Gabarone - Zimbabwe and the Death of Nepad. · George Soros, International financier, New York - A ‘Very Skewed Document’. · Greg Mills, SA Institute of International Affairs and Jonathan Oppenheimer, Anglo American Corp., Johannesburg - Partnerships only Way to Break Cycle of Poverty. · Gondal Gondwe and Callistus Madavo, International Monetary Fund and World Bank, Washington - New Swipe at Fighting Poverty.

4. The New Partnership for Africa’s Development and An Annotated Critique · I Introduction · II Africa in Today’s World: Between Poverty and Prosperity · III The new Political Will of African leaders · IV Appeals to the People of Africa · V Programme of Action · VI A New Global Partnership · VII Implementation of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development

CENTRE FOR CIVIL SOCIETY 17 Centre staff publications

Books

Patrick Bond – Elite Transition: From Apartheid to Neoliberalism in South Africa (second edition), Pietermaritzburg, UKZN Press. Alan Fowler, Susan Wilkinson-Maposa, Ceri Oliver-Evans and Chao Mulenga - The Poor Philanthropist: How and Why the Poor Help each Other, Cape Town, University of Cape Town Graduate School of Business. Sanya Osha - Kwasi Wiredu and Beyond: The Text, Writing and Thought in Africa, Dakar, Codesria.

Edited journal

Zoë Wilson and Susan Thomson - Rwanda and the Great Lakes Region: 10 Years on from the Genocide, Special Issue of International Insights, Dalhousie.

Edited books

Patrick Bond and Rehana Dada - Trouble in the Air: Global Warming and the Privatised Atmosphere, Durban, UKZN Centre for Civil Society and Amsterdam, Transnational Institute. Patrick Bond - Fanon’s Warning: A Civil Society Reader on the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (second edition), Trenton, Africa World Press, Durban, UKZN CCS and Cape Town, AIDC.

Accredited journal articles

Amanda Alexander - ‘The Africa Social Forum Feminist Dialogue: Power, Feminisms and Mobilisation,’ Feminist Africa, 4. Amanda Alexander and Mandisa Mbali - ‘Have the Slaves Left the Master’s House? A Report on the Africa Social Forum’, Journal of Asian and African Studies, 39, 5, and also published in Pambazuka News (Issue 188 editorial, January 6, 2005), Indymedia (with German translation), Ambazonia IMC (with French translation), Centre for Civil Society, ZNet, WeWrite, Alternatives. Richard Ballard - ‘When in Rome: Claiming the Right to Define the Neighbourhood Character in Post-apartheid South Africa,’ Transformation, 57. Richard Ballard, Adam Habib, Imraan Valodia and Elke Zuern - ‘Globalisation, Marginalisation, and Contemporary Social Movements’, African Affairs, 104, 417. Patrick Bond - ‘Zimbabwe’s Hide and Seek with the IMF: Imperialism, Nationalism and the South African Proxy’, Review of African Political Economy, 106.

18 ANNUAL REPORT 2005 Patrick Bond - ‘Globalisation/commodification or Deglobalisation/decommodification in Urban Policy and Practice in Post-Apartheid South Africa’, Policy Studies, 26, 3. Patrick Bond - ‘Gramsci, Polanyi and Impressions of the World Social Forum from Africa’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 29, 2. Patrick Bond and Richard Saunders - ‘Labor, the State and the Struggle for a Democratic Zimbabwe’, Monthly Review, December. Ashwin Desai - ‘When Rhodes met Mandela’, African Sociological Review, 9, 1. Ashwin Desai - ‘Shadow Boxing? Cosatu, Social Movements and the ANC Government’. South African Labour Bulletin, 29, 2, April/May. Ashwin Desai and Richard Pithouse - ‘But We Were Thousands’, Journal of Asian and African Studies, 39, 4. Ashwin Desai and Richard Pithouse – ‘”Sanction All Revolts”: A Reply to Rebecca Pointer’, Journal of Asian and African Studies, 39, 4. Adam Habib - ‘State-Civil Society Relations in Post-Apartheid South Africa’, Social Research, 72, 3. Adam Habib - ‘The Politics of Economic Policy-Making: Substantive Uncertainty, Political Leverage, and Human Development’, Transformation, 56. Adam Habib - ‘Viva Uncertainty’, South African Labour Bulletin, 29, 2. Adam Habib and Imraan Valodia - ‘Reconstructing a Social Movement in an Era of Globalisation: A Case Study of COSATU’, South African Labour Bulletin, 2005, 29, 3. Adam Habib, David Everatt, Brij Maharaj, and Annsilla Nyar - ‘Patterns of Giving in South Africa’, Voluntas, 16, 3. Sanya Osha - ‘The Frontier of Interculturality’, African Development, Nos. 1&2, 30 Sanya Osha - ‘Spectralising Bergson and the Dilemmas of Decolonisation’ Africa Development, 30, 3. Sanya Osha - ‘Kwasi Wiredu: Philosophy in the African Way’, African Renaissance, September- October. Sanya Osha - ‘Legacies of a Critique of Ethnophilosophy’, QUEST, An African Journal of Philosophy, 17, 1-2. Sanya Osha - ‘Race, Rhetoric and a Postmodern World’, QUEST, An African Journal of Philosophy, 18, 1-2. Sanya Osha - ‘In the Name of Oil’, QUEST: An African Journal of Philosophy, 19, 1-2. Raj Patel - ‘Global Fascism, Revolutionary Humanism and the Ethics of Food Sovereignty’, Development, 48, 2. Raj Patel - ‘Faulty Shades of Green: The World Bank Dissembles the Environment’, Review of Radical Political Economy, 37, 3, Summer. Raj Patel, Robert Torees and Peter Rosset - ‘Genetic Engineering in Agriculture and Corporate Engineering in Public Debate: Risk, Public Relations, and Public Debate over Genetically Modified Crops’ - International Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health, 14,4, October-December.

CENTRE FOR CIVIL SOCIETY 19 Other journal articles

Richard Ballard - ‘Overcoming the Apartheid City in Ethekwini’, SA Reconciliation Barometer, 3, 1. Patrick Bond - ‘South Africa’s Capitulation to Neoliberalism’, Das Argument, 47, 4. Patrick Bond - ‘The Decommodification Strategy in South Africa’, State of Nature, December. Patrick Bond - ‘South Africa’s Left Critics’, African Review of Books, April. Patrick Bond - ‘South African Subimperialism and NEPAD’s Dénouement’, debate 8. Alan Fowler and Susan Wilkinson-Maposa - ‘A Right Angle on Community Philanthropy’, Alliance, 10, 2. Alan Fowler and Susan Wilkinson-Maposa - ‘When do Poor People Help each other than Why’, Alliance, 10, 3. Sanya Osha - ‘Remembering General Sani Abacha’, African Renaissance, September-October. Sanya Osha - ‘The Weapon of Speech: Rhetoric and the Nigerian Military’ African Renaissance, April-May. Sanya Osha - ‘Nigeria’s Candlelight Globalism’, African Renaissance, January-February. Sanya Osha - ‘Ernest Wambia dia Wamba: Profile of a Guerrilla Intellectual’, Codesria Bulletin, 1&2 Raj Patel – ‘Finding Mr Madini by Jonathan Morgan and the Great African Spider Writers’, Africa Review of Books, November.

Book chapters

Amanda Alexander and Mandisa Mbali – ‘Beyond “Bitches and Prostitutes”: Folding the Materiality of Gender and Sexuality into Rights-Based HIV/AIDS Interventions’, in F.Viljoen (Ed), Righting Stigma: Exploring a Rights-Based Approach to Addressing Stigma. Pretoria, University of Pretoria AIDS and Human Rights Research Unit. Richard Ballard - ‘Social Movements in Post Apartheid South Africa: An Introduction’, in P.Jones and K.Stokke (Eds), Democratising Development: The Politics of Socio-Economic Rights in South Africa, Leiden, Martinus Nijhoff. Patrick Bond - ‘The Economics of Water Resources Allocation’, in J.Lehr (Ed), The Encyclopedia of Water, New York, Wiley. Patrick Bond - ‘Bottom-Up or Top-down?’, in D.Held (Ed), Debating Globalisation, Cambridge, Polity Press. Patrick Bond - ‘Neoliberalism in Sub-Saharan Africa: From Structural Adjustment to NEPAD’, in A. Saad-Filho and D.Johnstone (Eds), Neoliberalism: A Critical Reader, London, Pluto Press. Patrick Bond - ‘The Future of Decommodification: The Case of South Africa’, in M.Muchie and L.Xing (Eds), Globalisation, Inequalities and the Commodification of Life and Well- Being, London, Adonis and Abbey Publishers. Patrick Bond - ‘Johannesburg Infrastructure’, in K.Egbers et al (Eds), Public Problems, Private Solutions? New Trends from Globalising Cities in the South, Aldershot, Ashgate.

20 ANNUAL REPORT 2005 Patrick Bond - ‘Debates in Local Economic Development Policy and Practice’, in E. Nel and C. Rogerson (Eds), Local Economic Development in the Developing World: The Experience of Southern Africa, New Brunswick, Transaction Publishers. Patrick Bond - ‘Recalcitrant Reforms Require Tougher Tactics’, in F. Manji and P. Burnett (Eds), African Voices on Development and Social Justice, Dar es Salaam, Mkuki na Nyota Publishers. Patrick Bond - ‘What’s Wrong with our Energy System?’, in P.Bond and R.Dada (Eds), Trouble in the Air: Global Warming and the Privatised Atmosphere, Durban, UKZN Centre for Civil Society. Patrick Bond - ‘Oil Companies Drain Africa, Now – and with Pretoria’s Help, in Future?’, in P.Bond and R.Dada (Eds), Trouble in the Air: Global Warming and the Privatised Atmosphere, Durban, UKZN Centre for Civil Society. Patrick Bond – ‘Afterword’, in P.Bond (Ed), Fanon’s Warning: A Civil Society Reader on the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (second edition), Trenton, Africa World Press, Durban, UKZN CCS and Cape Town, AIDC. Patrick Bond, Greg Ruiters, David McCoy and Karen Cocq - ‘Water’, in D.McCoy (Ed), Global Health Watch, London, Zed Books. Patrick Bond and John Saul - ‘Post-Apartheid’, in P.Poddar and D.Johnson (Eds), A Historical Companion to Postcolonial Literatures in English, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press. Alan Fowler - ‘Towards a Working Ethical Paradigm for NGOs’, in Ward, T., Development, Social Justice and Civil Society: An Introduction to the Political Economy of NGOs, St Paul, Paragon House. Adam Habib - ‘The Politics of Economic-Policy-Making: Substantive Uncertainty, Political Leverage, and Human Development’, in P.Jones and K.Stokke (Eds) Democratising Development: The Politics of Socio-economic Rights in South Africa, Leiden, Martinus Nijhoff. Adam Habib and Collette Herzenberg - ‘Popular Control over Decision-Makers: Substantive Uncertainty of Ruling Elites Makes them Responsive to their Citizenry’, in Richard Calland and Paul Graham (Eds) Idasa’s Democracy Index, Cape Town, IDASA Publishers. Mandisa Mbali - ‘TAC in the History of Rights-Based, Patient-Driven AIDS Activism’, in K.Stokke and P.Jones (Eds), Democratising Development: The Politics of Socio-Economic Rights in South Africa, Leiden, Martinus Nijhoff. Mandisa Mbali - ‘HIV/AIDS and Gender-Based Violence in South Africa’, in L. Davis and R. Snyman, Victimology in South Africa, Sunnyside, Van Schaik. Zoë Wilson - ‘Certainty, Subjectivity, and Truth: Reflections on the Ethics of Wartime Research in Angola’, in E.Porter, G.Robinson, M.Smyth, A.Schnabel and E.Osaghae (Eds), Researching Conflict in Africa. Insights and Experience, Tokyo, United Nations University Press. Zoë Wilson - ‘State-Making, Peacemaking and the Inscription of Gendered Politics into Peace: Lessons from Angola’, in D.Mazurana, A.Raven-Roberts and J.Parpart (Eds), Gender, Conflict, and Peacekeeping, Oxford, Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.

CENTRE FOR CIVIL SOCIETY 21 Occasional papers and research reports

Richard Ballard - ‘Bunkers for the Psyche: How Gated Communities Allowed the Privatisation of Apartheid in Democratic South Africa’, Dark Roast Occasional Paper Series, 24, Cape Town, Isandla, http://www.isandla.org.za/dark_roast/DR24Ballard.pdf Patrick Bond - ‘Johannesburg Civil Society’, in S.Raiser and K.Volmann (Eds), Bringing the Citizens In: Civil Society in Globalising Cities of the South, Freie Universitäat Berlin Osteuropa-Institut Working Papers series (ISSN 1434-419X), 54. Alan Fowler - ‘Aid Architecture: Reflections on NGO Futures and the Emergence of Counter Terrorism’, Occasional Paper 45, International NGO Training and Research Centre, Oxford. Sanya Osha - ‘A Postcolonial Scene: On Girls’ “Sexuality”’, Lagos African Regional Sexuality Resource Centre. Sanya Osha – ‘Birth of the Ogoni Protest Movement’, Centre for Civil Society Research Reports, 33. Raj Patel – ‘International Agrarian Restructuring and the Practical Ethics of Peasant Movement Solidarity,’ Centre for Civil Society Research Reports, 35. Zoë Wilson – ‘Wishful Thinking, Wilful Blindness and Artful Amnesia: Power and the UNDP’s Promotion of Democracy in Botswana, Namibia and Tanzania’, Centre for Civil Society Research Reports, 31.

Book reviews

Sanya Osha – ‘Review of Olakunle George’s Relocating Agency: Modernity and African Letters,’ Comparative Literature Studies, 42, 1. Sanya Osha – ‘Review of Mahmood Mamdani’s Good Muslim, Bad Muslim,’ Journal of Asian and African Studies, 40, 6.

Other brief articles

Amanda Alexander - ‘The Fires of Memory: A Review of Tariq Ali’s Harold Wolpe Memorial Lecture’, Centre for Civil Society, 15 February. Saranel Benjamin and Zoë Wilson – ‘Power and South Africa’s Social Movements in the Era of Globalisation’, Pambazuka, 17 March. Patrick Bond - ‘The Looting of Africa’, Pambazuka, 27 October. Patrick Bond - ‘Catalysing a New Wave of Resistance: Will Thabo Mbeki Revive Robert Mugabe and Reinstall the IMF?’, Pambazuka, 20 October. Patrick Bond - ‘World Bankers and Oil Barons Loot Africa’, ZNet Commentary, 4 October. Patrick Bond - ‘Dragging SA’s Land Debate from the Neoliberal Quicksand’, ZNet Commentary, 29 August.

22 ANNUAL REPORT 2005 Patrick Bond - ‘Don’t be Fooled: G8 Debt Relief adds up to Peanuts’, Sunday Tribune, 19 June. Patrick Bond - ‘Imperialism’s African Helpers’, Socialist Review, June. Patrick Bond - ‘Anti-(Sub)imperial Solidarity: The Case of SA-Zimbabwe’- ZNet Commentary, 22 May. Patrick Bond - ‘A New War? On Wolfowitz’s World Bank!’, ZNet Commentary, 23 March. Patrick Bond - ‘A Questioning Mind Rests’, Mail & Guardian, 4 March, reprinted in the International Studies Association Labour Movements Research Committee Newsletter, 2, 7, May. Patrick Bond - ‘Discussing the Porto Alegre Manifesto’, ZNet Commentary, 22 February. Patrick Bond - ‘Strategies for Social Justice Movements, from Southern Africa to the U.S.’, Foreign Policy in Focus (http://www.fpif.org), 20 January. Patrick Bond and Rehana Dada - ‘Rearranging Deck Chairs on the Climate Change Titanic’ - ZNet Commentary, 29 November and Pambazuka, 1 December. Patrick Bond and Rehana Dada - ‘Carbon Trading is the New “Greenwash”’, Sunday Independent, 16 October. Patrick Bond and Rehana Dada - ‘The Price of Fresh Air’, Mail & Guardian, 7 January, reprinted in Relay (May/June). Patrick Bond and David Moore - ‘Zimbabwe’s Stolen Elections (continued)’ – Znet Commentary, 15 April and Pambazuka, 7 April. Patrick Bond, Dennis Brutus and Virginia Setshedi - ‘Are Mainstream NGOs failing Africa?’, ZNet Commentary, 21 June and Global Dialogue, August. Patrick Bond, Dennis Brutus and Virginia Setshedi - ‘When Wearing White is not Chic, and Collaboration not Cool’ - Foreign Policy in Focus, 17 June (reprinted at Pambazuka, 17 June and Counterpunch, 18 June). Mandisi Majavu - ‘Rap on Race’, ZNet Commentary, 21 March. Mandisi Majavu - ‘Congo, A Story of Unimportant People’, ZNet Commentary, 27 April. Raj Patel and Richard Pithouse – ‘Epidemic of Rational Behaviour’, Mail & Guardian, 20-26 May. Raj Patel – ‘Democracy and its Simulacra’, Centre for Civil Society, http://www.ukzn.ac.za/ccs/default.asp?10,24,10,1859 Raj Patel – ‘Power Lines and the Struggle for Democracy in Bayview’, Centre for Civil Society, http://www.ukzn.ac.za/ccs/default.asp?10,24,10,1984 Raj Patel – ‘Somewhere to Live in Dignity’, The Mercury, 19 October. Raj Patel – ‘Strong-Arming, Sweet-Talking and Belly Rolling - But no Deal on Agriculture in Hong Kong’, Pambazuka, 8 December.

CENTRE FOR CIVIL SOCIETY 23 Centre staff presentations

In addition to participation in the Centre’s various Research Project symposiums and seminars, staff made presentations at public seminars or conferences during 2005.

Richard Ballard - ‘Social Movements: Unofficial Opposition or Voice of the Poor’, Paper presented to the Society of South African Geographers Sixth Biennial Conference, Belleville, University of the Western Cape, 8 September. Richard Ballard - ‘”Slaughter in the Suburbs”: Testing white South Africans’ ‘Non-Racism’, Paper presented to the International Critical Psychology Conference, UKZN, Durban, 1 July. Richard Ballard - ‘Social Movements in Post Apartheid South Africa: An Introduction’ and ‘In the Absence of Citizenship: Congolese Refugee Struggle and Organisation in South Africa’, Papers presented to the South African Sociological Association 2005 Congress, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, 27 and 29 June. Richard Ballard - ‘In the Absence of Citizenship: Congolese Refugee Struggle and Organisation in South Africa’, Paper presented to the Wits Forced Migration Unit, Johannesburg, June. Richard Ballard - ‘Assimilation, Emigration, Semigration, and Integration: “White” Peoples’ Strategies for Finding a Comfort Zone in Post-Apartheid South Africa’, Paper presented to the conference on Territory, control and enclosure: The ecology of urban fragmentation, CSIR, Pretoria, 1 March. Patrick Bond - ‘The Dispossession of Africa’s Wealth’, Paper presented to the Reseau Intercontinental pour la Promotion de l’Economie Sociale Solidaire Conference, Dakar, 22 November; the Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs, New York, 21 November; the Institute for Policy Studies, Africa Action, Center for Economic and Policy Research and Jubilee USA, Washington, 17 November; the Duke University Colloquium on Southern Africa, Durham, 15 November; the UKZN African History Seminar, Durban, 2 November; the Southern African Social Forum health equity session, Harare, 13 October; the board of Equinet, Harare, 11 October; and the SA Association of Political Science Colloquium, Pietermartizburg, 22 September. Patrick Bond - ‘Ecological Debt: Implications for South Africa’, Paper presented to the Economic Justice Network and the World Council of Churches, Kempton Park, 1 November.

Patrick Bond - ‘How Oil Companies Skirt their CO2 Responsibilities: Carbon Trading and the Commodification of the Air’, Paper presented to the groundWork Conference ‘Another Energy Future is Possible: Preparatory Committee for the World Petroleum Congress’, Johannesburg, 24 September. Patrick Bond - ‘South African Economic Challenges’, Paper presented to the School for International Training, Durban, 19 September. Patrick Bond - ‘Global Social Change: The Players’, Presentation to the International Forum

24 ANNUAL REPORT 2005 on Social Science-Policy Nexus of UNESCO Management of Social Transformation, the Argentinian Government, and the International Social Science Council, Buenos Aires, 8 September. Patrick Bond - ‘Global Economic and Geopolitical Turbulence: Implications for Third World Development’, Paper presented to the UKZN School of Development Studies Seminar Series, Durban, 24 August. Patrick Bond - ‘Water Pricing, Conservation and Restoration’, Paper presented to Water Management and Infrastructure Development 2005 Conference, Johannesburg, 17 August. Patrick Bond - ‘The Political-Ecological Geography of Water: The Case of Lesotho/Johannesburg Transfers and Commodification’, Paper presented to the UKZN Department of Geography Seminar, Durban, 5 August. Patrick Bond - ‘New Social Movements: Deglobalising and Decommodifying for Society and Nature’, Presentation to the Durban Institute of Technology Department of Journalism, Durban 4 August. Patrick Bond - ‘Global Governance Quandaries: Red-Green Activist Analyses, Strategies, Tactics, and Alliances’ and ‘Capitalism: Dynamic or Doomed?’, Papers presented to the Capitalism Nature Socialism Anniversary Conference on Ecology, Imperialism and the Contradictions of Capitalism, York University, Toronto, 22-23 July. Patrick Bond - ‘Water Wars in South Africa’, Paper presented to Colloquium on Water Wars: From Durban to Toronto, Sponsored by Toronto Environmental Alliance, Gallery 1313, York University International Political Economy and Ecology Summer School, and the Socialist Project, Torono, 21 July. Patrick Bond - ‘The Political Economy of Water’, ‘The Political Economy of Energy and Global Warming’, and ‘Global Uneven Development, Financial Volatility and Geopolitics’, Day-long courses given to the Central European University Summer School on Transnational Flows, Structures, Agents and the Idea of Development, Budapest, 11- 13 July. Patrick Bond - ‘Water Commodification and Resistance’, Presentation to Marxism 2005, University of London Union, London, 8 July. Patrick Bond - ‘The G8, Imperialism and Subimperialism’, Paper presented to the Globalise Resistance London Conference, South Camden Community School, London, 28 May; to the G8 Alternatives Public Meeting, Glasgow, 26 May; and to the Brecht Forum, New York City, 23 May. Patrick Bond - ‘The Geopolitics of Water Commodification in Johannesburg’, Paper presented to the Oxford University School of Geography, Oxford, 25 May. Patrick Bond - ‘Uneven Urban Development, Water and Finance during Africa’s Global Economic Integration’, Paper presented to the University of California/Los Angeles Center on Globalisation (Africa) symposium on Water, Urbanisation and Environment in Africa, Santa Barbara, California, 18 May. Patrick Bond - ‘Civil Society Debates on Participation in Governance and Development:

CENTRE FOR CIVIL SOCIETY 25 South Africa, African and Global’, Paper presented to the IMS conference on Integrated Governance: Government, Business, Labour and Civil Society, Cape Town, 8 April. Patrick Bond - ‘Is the New Partnership for Africa’s Development Passé'8e?’, Paper presented to the University of Pretoria Centre for International Political Studies Africa Dialogue Lecture Series, Pretoria, 10 February. Patrick Bond and Horman Chitonge - ‘Constitutionalism, the Market and Economic Justice in South Africa: Civil Society Rights Discourses against Neoliberal Water Policy’, Paper presented to the UKZN Law School Conference on Comparative Constitutionalism and Rights, Durban, 11 December. Annsilla Nyar - ‘Towards a New form of Community Development’, Paper presented to the Ford Foundation East Africa Office Conference on the History of Philanthropy in Africa’, Johannesburg, 12 July. Raj Patel – ‘Authorising the Land Question in Africa,’ Paper presented to the Codesria Multinational Working Group on Land, Dakar, Senegal. Raj Patel – ‘The Semantics of Solidarity with the South Asian Peasant Movement: Myth and Representation in Global Civil Society around the Bisasar Road Landfill in Durban,’ Paper presented at the conference on ‘Globalisation and Its Implications for Democracy in South Asia’, Austin, University of Texas. Raj Patel – ‘Can the Poor Help GM Crops?’, Paper presented to the UKZN School of Development Studies Seminar Series, 1 March. Zoë Wilson – ‘Water, Sanitation and Complexity’, Paper presented to the Reseau Intercontinental pour la Promotion de l’Economie Sociale Solidaire Third International Meeting on the Globalisation of Solidarity, Dakar, 22 November. Zoë Wilson – ‘Concluding and Summary Remarks’, Presented to the Workshop on UN Security Council Resolution 1325, organised by the Women, Peace and Security Initiative of the Technical Support Division of UNFPA, Bucharest, 14 October. Zoë Wilson – ‘Tomorrow Women: Practical Resistance and Multiple Insurgencies in the Hybrid Spaces and Gorder Zones of Globalisation,’ Paper presented to the Global Studies Network Second International Conference, on Globalisation: Overcoming Exclusion, Strengthening Inclusion, Dakar, 19 August. Zoë Wilson – ‘States, Socialism, and Sanitation: Challenges from Africa,’ Paper presented to the Capitalism Nature Socialism Anniversary Conference on Ecology, Imperialism and the Contradictions of Capitalism, York University, Toronto, 22-23 July. Zoë Wilson – ‘Assessment of Free Basic Water Research from Durban (Bayview Flats) and Cape Town (Kayiletsha),’ Presented to the Municipal Services Project Free Basic Water Workshop, Cape Town, 14 June. Zoë Wilson – ‘State-Building, Peace and the Integration of Gender Policy into Peace Processes: Lessons from Angola’, Paper presented to the conference on Lusophonie in Africa: History, Democracy and African Integration, Colloquium organised by Codesria in collaboration with the University of Eduardo Mondlane Centre for Population Studies, Maputo, 3 June.

26 ANNUAL REPORT 2005 2. INFORMATION DISSEMINATION

2.1 THE INFORMATION NEXUS

Through the Resource Centre, CCS makes available to community researchers generous access to books, periodicals, journals, films, newspapers and the internet. The Resource Centre continues to attract generous donations of useful material (in particular from Verso, Zed a n d Pluto via Friends of Workers’ Education in South Africa) and is often utilised by civil society activists. Baruti Amisi is now based in the Resource Centre and this has helped to ensure that this project gets dedicated full time attention. CCS also continued offering film screenings and discussions on and off campus. Amanda Alexander and Mandisi Majavu provided campus film screenings and discussions of ‘Flame’ (on 16 March); ‘The Massacre at Nueva Linda: He was Taken Alive, He must be Returned Alive’, dealing with Guatamalan indigenous people’s struggles and made by CCS Visiting Scholar Filiberto Nolasco Gomez (6 April). Off campus, the same documentaries were screened, followed by discussions led by Majavu, in KwaMashu, Ntuzumo and Umlazi. Amanda Alexander organised eThekwini community screenings – including discussions with the producers/directors - of Human Rights Stories with Ben Cashdan and Gcina Mhlope in Bayview (12 June), and The Take with Naomi Klein and Avi Lewis at the Worker’s College and at Kennedy Road Community Hall in Clare Estate (17-18 June). At the latter event, Aoibheann O’Sullivan screened her work on social justice campaigning, commissioned by CCS. Mandisi Majavu screened a film made by Cape Town IndyMedia - ‘No Land, No House, No Vote: Voices of the Housing Protest, Cape Town 2005’ - at the Howard College campus (23 August).

2.2 HAROLD WOLPE MEMORIAL LECTURES

The dozen Wolpe lecturers for 2005 were varied and inspiring. By the end of 2005, our sponsors at the Wolpe Memorial Trust (especially Tracey Bailey and Ann-Marie Wolpe) agreed to finance a book collection – edited by Amanda Alexander – gathering some of the most interesting Wolpe lectures we have available. Africa World Press agreed to copublish the book, Articulations in early 2006. In addition, CCS and other

CENTRE FOR CIVIL SOCIETY 27 Wolpe Trust partners in Johannesburg, Cape Town and the Eastern Cape committed to organize a set of memorial events on the tenth anniversary of Wolpe’s passing (in 1996), including a CCS Colloquium on Economy, Society and Nature which will highlight Wolpe’s analysis of the ‘articulation of modes of production’ between markets and non-market spheres. Also in 2006, CCS will accept a lower amount of Wolpe Trust resources so as to assure a better national balance of lectures.

Harold Wolpe Memorial Lectures

· Greg Albo (York University’s Department of Political Science) - ‘The Global Justice Movement: Old and New Socialisms’ (21 February). Introductory inputs on the African Social Forum and eThekwini Social Forum were made by Mandisa Mbali and UKZN political scientist Lubna Nadvi, respectively. · Charlene Smith (freelance journalist & feminist activist) - ‘Keeping it in their Pants: Politicians, Men, Sexual Violence and HIV in South Africa’(17 March). · William Mervin Gumede (visiting scholar at Wits University Graduate School of Public and Development Management) - ‘Democracy and the Importance of Criticism, Dissent and Public Dialogue’ (28 April). · Console Tleane (Freedom of Expression Institute) - ‘Is there any Future in the Past? A Critique of the Freedom Charter in the Era of Neoliberalism’ (26 May). · Naomi Klein (author, NoLogo) - ‘The Rise of Disaster Capitalism‘ (14 June). · Amina Mama (University of Cape Town) - ‘Critical Capacities: Facing the Challenges of Intellectual Development in Africa‘ (23 June). · Mahmood Mamdani (Columbia University) - ‘Good Muslim, Bad Muslim: America, the Cold War and the Origin of Terror’ (30 June). · Dinga Sikwebu (University of the Witwatersrand) - ‘Unions and Social Movements in South Africa - Will the Twain ever Meet?’ (4 August). · Lungisile Ntsebeza (University of Cape Town) - ‘Slow Delivery in South Africa’s Land Reform Programme: The Property Clause Revisited’ (25 August). · Darlene Miller (Rhodes University) - ‘Regional Labour Solidarity and a New Regional Moment in Post-Apartheid Southern Africa: Retail Workers in Mozambique and Zambia’ (6 October). · Raymond Suttner (Wits University) - ‘Talking to the Ancestors: National Heritage, the Freedom Charter and nation-building in South Africa in 2005’ (2 November). · Alan Fowler (CCS/ISTR) - ‘After the Interregnum: International Aid in the Service of Security’ (1 December).

28 ANNUAL REPORT 2005 2.3 SEMINARS

The CCS seminar programme, run in 2005 by Amanda Alexander and Mandisa Mbali, brought 18 speakers to Room 207 at the Memorial Tower Building:

CCS Seminars

· Greg Albo (York University Politics) - ‘Contesting Neoliberalism: Conceptual and Political Divisions’ (21 February). · Ntokozo Mthembu (UKZN Sociology) – ‘Survival Strategies in Low-Income eThekwini Communities’ (4 March). · May Raidoo (UKZN Sociology) – ‘Gender Relations and the Informal Sector in Phoenix’ (18 March). · Andile Mngxitama (independent) – ‘Crises in the Land Struggle’ (8 April). · Peter Alexander (University of Johannesburg Sociology) - ‘Globalisation and New Social Identities in Johannesburg’ (15 April). · Olagoke Akintola (UKZN) – ‘Community Responses to HIV/AIDS’ (29 April). · Baruti Amisi (UKZN CCS) - ‘Social Capital, Social Networks and Refugee Migration: An Exploration of the Livelihood Strategies of Durban Congolese Refugees‘ (13 May). · Miles Larmer (University of Pretoria History) - ‘Neoliberalism and New Social Movements in Zambia‘ (27 May). · Ari Sitas (UKZN Sociology) - ‘Black Working Class Leadership and the South African Transition’ (17 June). · Brian Raftopoulos (University of Zimbabwe Development Studies) - ‘The Struggle for Zimbabwe‘ (23 June). · Karen Baird (State University of NY Political Science) - ‘Women, Politics and HIV/AIDS in the US‘ (5 August). · Shireen Hassim (Wits University Politics) - ‘Voices, Hierarchies and Spaces: Reconfiguring the Women’s Movement in Democratic South Africa’ (26 August). · Greg Ruiters (Rhodes University Institute for Social and Economic Research) - ‘Knowing Your Place: Urban Services and New Modes of Governability in SA Cities‘ (6 October). · David Moore and Patrick Bond – ‘Fix it or Nix it? The World Bank Reform/Abolition Debate’ (25 October). · Mvuselelo Ngcoya (American University Development Studies) - ‘Ubuntu, Globalisation and Contestation in South Africa’ (9 December). · Daria Roithmayr (University of Illinois Law School) - ‘Rights and the Law’ (9 December). · Raj Patel (Centre for Civil Society) - ‘The Political Economy of Representation of the Bisasar Road Landfill Project and the Kennedy Road Development Committee’ (15 December).

There were a variety of other seminars, events and workshops sponsored or cosponsored by CCS. On 10 January, Earthlife Africa and the SA Water Caucus came to CCS for a debate about civil society water analysis and strategies in the KZN region. From 4-8 April, CCS cosponsored an exhibition at the Malherbe Library on the land reform struggle entitled ‘Our Land, Our Life, Our Future’, with Cape Town’s Trust for Community Outreach and Education. The week’s programme of events included an

CENTRE FOR CIVIL SOCIETY 29 exhibition launch with talks by Mangaliso Kubheka and Thobekile Radebe of the Landless People’s Movement, two film screenings and Andile Ngxitama’s seminar. Amanda Alexander, CCS Visiting Scholar Filiberto Nalasco Gomez and CCS research associate Aoibheann O’Sullivan arranged ‘Shift the Lens: eThekwini Media Festival and Communications Workshop’ on 23 April. The day-long event included workshops on writing press releases and media alerts, legal tips, and photography/filmmaking, and culminated with a talk by journalist Futhi Ntshingila of the Sunday Times. The 120 participants represented an excellent diversity of organisations, causes and movements. A Media Guide was produced in both English and Zulu. Others who facilitated included Rehana Dada, Heinrich Boehmke and Shanta Reddy. On June 5-6, Mandisa Mbali and Amanda Alexander were organisers of the workshop on ‘Women in HIV/Aids Activism’, alongside the Gender AIDS Forum and the International Coalition of Women Living with HIV/Aids. On the lighter side, a gala event – the ‘Corpse Awards’ for eco-social irresponsibility - was cosponsored with the Pietermaritzburg-based NGO groundWork on June 10. A full house in Howard College Auditorium came from Durban and from more than two dozen community-based environmental groups across South Africa. As the Sunday Times reported, CCS’s Raj Patel and groundWork’s Bobby Peek, dressed as the Grim Reaper, the Master of Ceremonies - or Master Undertaker – handed out mini-coffins to some of South Africa’s most powerful companies such as Mittal Steel, Sasol and AngloGold Ashanti Nine so-called “Corpse” awards were given for “worst corporate practice in producing environmental injustice”. Nominations for the awards came from community activist groups representing residents living near industrial plants, and organisations such as Earthlife Africa Celebrity anti-corporate activist Naomi Klein, who is in South Africa for a series of workshops, said at the awards - ‘We know corporates are not just satisfied with leeching your communities and poisoning your bodies. They want to be loved, which is why government invented corporate social responsibility. For them there is no problem that is so big that it can’t be solved with fantastic public relations.’ There was a mixed response from the winning companies about the awards when Business Times contacted them for comment Risk management consultant Andrew Pike said - ‘Reputation is everything for companies and something like this can really knock your reputation – and there’s no reason not to run these awards, provided it’s done objectively.’ CCS also hosted our first post-graduate Civil Society Research Methods Seminar, with a focus on energy/electricity from June 13-17. The seminar was funded by the SA-Netherlands Programme for Alternatives in Development (SANPAD) and was organised by Patrick Bond. Lecturers included: Dennis Brutus, Ashwin Desai, Desmond D’Sa, Graeme Erion, Gill Hart, Naomi Klein, Avi Lewis, Sanya Osha, Raj Patel, David Szanton and Zoë Wilson. Student participants included: Victoria Ayer, Baruti Amisi, Horman Chitonge, Rehana Dada, Tamuka Muzondo, Prishani Naidoo, Zayn Nabbi, Trevor Ngwane, Virginia Setshedi and Ahmed Veriava.

30 ANNUAL REPORT 2005 Two local book launches were also cosponsored by CCS in June: Dennis Brutus’ collection of political poetry, Leafdrift on June 17, and Mahmood Mamdani’s South African edition of Good Muslim, Bad Muslim on June 22. Both were at Ike’s Bookstore, with Vishnu Padayachee hosting. CCS joined David Moore and Bill Freund of the Economic History and Development Studies Programme to cosponsor a colloquium - ‘Zimbabwe: Crisis, Politics, Solidarity’ on June 24.

CCS/Economic History and Development Studies colloquium on ‘Zimbabwe: Crisis, Politics, Solidarity’

· Brian Raftopoulos (University of Zimbabwe Development Studies) - ‘Political Developments after the 2005 Election’. · Norma Kriger (independent) - ‘Liberation Pensions, Entitlement Struggles, War Vets’ Politics’. · David Moore (UKZN Economic History and Development Studies) - ‘Won’t Go, Can’t Go: Why Robert Mugabe Will Rule ‘til He’s 100’. · Patrick Bond (CCS) - ‘Competing Political Economic Theories of Zimbabwe’s Long-term Crisis’. · Simba Manyanya (Wits University Public and Development Management) - ‘Sustainable Searches for Alternatives to Neoliberalism’. · Blair Rutherford (Carleton University Anthropology) - ‘Farm-Workers: History, Politics, Survival’. · Eric Worby (Yale University Anthropology) - ‘What’s Going on in Gokwe?’

As part of the Social Giving Project, CCS also cohosted a seminar on the role of state and business in poverty alleviation, at the Gordon Institute of Business Science in Sandton. The seminar, on August 19, was addressed by Adam Habib, Mark Swilling and Steven Friedman. A workshop on global warming and carbon trading was held on 5 October, which led to the publication Trouble in the Air. Another Durban-wide seminar was held on water on November 7, organised by Zoë Wilson and featuring speakers from the SA Water Caucus, community organisations and the UKZN Pollution Research Group. Finally, the SA/Norwegian collaboration on globalisation, commodification and resistance led to a colloquium on 8 November, as noted above.

2.4 WEBSITE AND LISTSERVE

Our website - www.ukzn.ac.za/ccs - continues to be popular with academics, journalists and people working in NGOs, CBOs, trade unions and social movements. Much informal formal evidence has been received of the value of the site and the associated listserve to scholars and participants in the sector.

CENTRE FOR CIVIL SOCIETY 31 A typical post-apartheid housing development, Soweto 3. TEACHING AND TRAINING

3.1 POST-GRADUATE TEACHING

Richard Ballard taught two modules in the School of Development Studies on Civil Society and Development and on Writing Skills, while Patrick Bond taught the Economics of Development module. During 2005, CCS also hosted five incoming masters students through the Energy Advocacy project (noted above). Several potential doctoral students – Baruti Amisi, Horman Chitonge and Tamuka Mazondo – began the dissertation proposal stage of their studies in late 2005.

3.2 INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS EXCHANGE

The 2005 International Human Rights Exchange, an intensive, accredited, international undergraduate programme in Human Rights was hosted at the University of Cape Town. The Centre played a key role in the development of the curriculum and Richard Pithouse did some of the teaching. Due to circumstances beyond the control of CCS, funding for this programme will not be available in 2006. Our partners at Bard College are, however, exploring the possibilities of re-activating it in the near future. Planning got underway for similar courses combining advanced undergraduate introductions to civil society and community leadership for delivery in 2006 with the School for International Training and the York University Department of Political Science.

3.3 RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS SKILLS STRENGTHENING PROGRAMME

After years of hard work the first set of RASSP papers were published in the book From the Depths of Poverty, edited by Saranel Benjamin and Michelle Simon. Although the programme officially ended in 2005, routes forward for community educational workshops and research-related training looked promising for 2006. Financial support from the Foundation for Human Rights and Finnish Embassy was greatly appreciated. Further papers in the RASSP series will be available on the CCS website.

CENTRE FOR CIVIL SOCIETY 33 From the Depths of Poverty

· Ashraf Cassiem - ‘Does the Law Protect Poor Families Facing Evictions in the Western Cape?’ · Bayview Flats Residents Association - ‘Socio-Economic Conditions of Indigent Persons facing Municipal Government Relocation in Bayview’. · Bongani Mnisi - ‘Membership Characteristics of the Landless People’s Movement’. · Built Environment Support Group - ‘Survival Strategies of Child-Headed Households in KwaZulu-Natal’. · Centre for Youth Development - ‘Youth Needs in Mogale City’. · Faizel Brown - ‘The Crisis of Housing Delivery in the Western Cape’. · Jeanette Lesisa - ‘Access to the Social Grants’. · Ntokozo Mthembu - ‘Survival Strategies of Individuals and Households affected by Unemployment in eThekwini Municipality’. · Anti-Privatisation Forum - ‘The Struggle for Water, The Struggle for Life: The Installation of Prepaid Water Meters in Phiri, Soweto’. · Themba Mathebula - ‘Housing Subsidy Benefits: A Case Study of Informal Settlements in West Rand District Municipalities’.

34 ANNUAL REPORT 2005 4. CENTRE OPERATIONS

4.1 THE CENTRE COMMUNITY

The Centre was sad to see the departures of Hermien Kotze, who in June moved to Swellendam to establish a conference centre; Mandisa Mbali, who in October began a Rhodes Scholarship doctoral programme in history at Oxford; Saranel Benjamin, who in early 2006 became an independent consultant; and Mandisa Majavu, who relocated to Cape Town in early 2006. We were delighted, however, that in late 2005, a new Research Director agreed to join us (Brij Maharaj had filled that position in 2003-04 but later returned to his chair of geography at UKZN-Pietermaritzburg). Professor Sufian Bukurura is a Tanzanian national who completed undergraduate, masters and doctoral degrees at, respectively, the universities of Dar es Salaam, Warwick and Cambridge. Sufian comes to CCS from the UKZN School of Law, and prior to that, the Universities of Namibia and Swaziland and the Institute of Development Management at Mzumbe, Tanzania. He is a member of the Human Rights University Network of the South, the Commission on Folk Law and Legal Pluralism, the International Third World Legal Studies Association, the UK Socio-Legal Studies Association and the Tanzania Network for Indigenous Knowledge. Sufian is the author of many book chapters and articles, as well as of the books Essays on Constitutionalism and the Administration of Justice in Namibia 1990-2002 (Windhoek, Out of Africa Publishers, 2002) and Protecting Prisoners’ Rights in Southern Africa: An Emerging Pattern (Penal Reform International, Paris, 2002). In December 2005, Sufian represented CCS at Codesria’s tri-annual congress in Maputo, as well as at the UKZN Law School Conference on Comparative Constitutionalism and Rights. An international campaign began at the end of 2005 to assure the renewal of Dr Ashwin Desai’s honorary researcher status, in the wake of the closure of CCS’s contribution to the national ‘Race and Redress’ project run by the Human Sciences Research Council. Working with what CCS staff and supporters believe is inaccurate information about a prior ban at the Westville campus, Vice-chancellor Malegapuru Makgoba instructed a hiring committee not to consider Ashwin’s application for a two-year research job in October (this led the HSRC to cancel CCS’s grant, as Ashwin was the only qualified applicant). In December the banning was extended to the voluntary work Ashwin was doing at CCS, as a supervisor and writer, in his role as honorary research fellow. The CCS and our colleagues at the School of Development

CENTRE FOR CIVIL SOCIETY 35 Studies – as well as supporters across the world such as Jimi Adesina, Noam Chomsky, Naomi Klein, hundreds of other petition signatories and several academic freedom organisations - consider the ban untenable, and intend opposing it as far as is required to restore Ashwin’s deserved status in the CCS research community. We were also very grateful for the work by our part-time and honorary research professors, Adam Habib and Alan Fowler. Both periodically visited CCS to offer encouragement and play senior roles in various projects, and their work continues to closely track that of other staff, giving them ongoing mentorship roles. Visiting scholars in 2005 included several who contributed to CCS project books, workshops and other activities. For example, former UKZN masters student Trusha Reddy was with the Centre in January carrying out research on the Bisasar Road dump in January-February. In February-March, Chicano activist Filiberto Nalasco Gomez worked with staff on media-related empowerment projects. From June-August and again in October, Graham Erion of York University Law/Environmental Studies worked in Durban, Johannesburg and Cape Town to build energy-related capacity with CCS students and community activists. An associate of the Transnational Institute, the main topic of his research and training was the Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism, a critique of which TNI supported in the book Trouble in the Air, built partly on Graham’s research. Audrey Sasson of Columbia University’s International Affairs programme and KCUT radio in Montreal also spent June-August at CCS, assisting with the Corpse Awards and follow-up community critiques of four of the ‘winners’: Sapref, Sasol, Bayer, and Mittal. Claire Adida, a doctoral student in political science at Stanford University, spent August at CCS. Based in part upon prior research in Kampala on trust and ethnicity, her CCS work considered the community implications of income inequality, with a particular focus on Chatsworth. Rural water delivery in KwaZulu-Natal province was the subject of research by two other visiting scholars in late 2005: Amanda Khan, a masters student at University of New Brunswick; and Kea Gorden, a doctoral candidate at University of California/Santa Cruz. In December, Mvuselelo Ngcoya of American University Development Studies joined CCS as visiting scholar to work on his PhD dissertation topic ‘Ubuntu, Globalisation and Contestation in South Africa’.

36 ANNUAL REPORT 2005 4.2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The driving forces behind the work described above include tremendous civil society organisations and the best set of funders we know of, especially our core supporters Gerald Kraak at Atlantic Philanthropies and Russell Ally at the C.S. Mott Foundation. We were also grateful for a set of project funders who took an active interest: Jesse Laitinen from the Finnish Embassy; Tawanda Mutasah, Roshnee Narrandes and Ashraf Patel from the Open Society Initiative of Southern Africa; Anshu Padayachee from the SA-Netherlands Research Programme for Alternatives in Development; Gary Hawes and John Butler-Adam from Ford; Nathan Sassman and Yasmin Sooka from the Foundation for Human Rights; Tlalane Teffo from the National Development Agency; Jan Haakonsen of the Research Council of Norway and Hannekie Botha of the National Research Foundation; and Anne-Marie Wolpe and Tracey Bailey from the Harold Wolpe Memorial Trust. The resurgent community movements in Durban gave us great inspiration and taught us an enormous amount. In particular, the Abahlali baseMjondolo movement of shackdwellers faced political, economic and social repression periodically in 2005 and maintained their dignity. So when in December, CCS received a Community Recognition Award from the South Durban Community Environmental Alliance (SDCEA) ‘for keeping the flame of environmental justice alive’ and sharing knowledge with SDCEA and the community at large, in fact we could testify that the opposite is more true. We give our warmest thanks to these and so many other civil society organisations with whom we have had contact in 2005. In addition to informal collaboration of this sort, the Centre’s formal advisors often play a decisive role. Our Centre Advisory Board met in 2005, and Mercia Andrews, Julian May, Xolani Tsalong and Everjoice Win are especially thanked. Other key external advisors are listed on the inside cover, and are thanked warmly for their roles. We are very fortunate, as well, to have professional layout and publication support from Library Design's Stewart Barstow, always ready and able to deliver at short notice. During 2005, we were also grateful to several administrative assistants who worked hard at CCS but then moved elsewhere within UKZN: Princess Nhlangulela, Nothemba Zungu and Sibongile Khoza. In late 2005, we were happy to have Lungi Keswa join our superb administrative team: administrator Helen Poonen and finance officer Amy Ramsamy. Without them, none of the work above could go forward.

CENTRE FOR CIVIL SOCIETY 37 Visiting Research Scholar Research interests: Director Race, representation and Research interests: Global and resistance; Poetry, politics and regional political economy; metaphor; Lynching and civil Social, health and environmental violence; Land rights; Health policy; Urban development; and human rights Energy and water infrastructure; Financial markets; International and African geopolitics; Zimbabwe; Research Masters Degree Student Social movements Research interests: Participation; Community organising; Law & social change; social movements & feminist studies

Research Assistant and Doctoral Degree Student Research interests: Refugees; Democratic Republic of the Congo Research Director Research interests: Human rights, judiciary, African states and civil society

Outreach Co-ordinator Research interests: Land issues, survival strategies of the poor, social movements, African decolonisation and development

Manager of the Research Grants Project Research interests: Race, identity and urban desegregation; Development; Service delivery; Doctoral Degree Student Public works; Industrial Research interests: Human restructuring; New social rights, urban water services, movements development 38 ANNUAL REPORT 2005 Research Masters Degree Student Administrative Clerk Research interests: Environment, including hydrosystems and climate change Honorary Research Professor Research interests: Civil society behaviour and organisational development; Civic leadership; International aid; Democratisation and public policy reform

Research Masters Degree Student Research interests: Social theory; Social movements; Commodification / Honorary Research Scholar decommodification Research interests: Social movements; South African politics

Part-time Research Professor, Co-Director of the Social Movements and Social Giving Projects Research interests: Social movements; Philanthropy; South African politics Research Masters Degree Student Research interests: Johannesburg civil society reaction to Webmaster municipal services Research interests: Social change commercialisation activism

CENTRE FOR CIVIL SOCIETY 39 Research Masters Degree Manager of the Social Giving Student Project Research interests: Municipal Research interests: South African politics and services political society , security and disconnections social justice Research Scholar Research interests: Political philosophy; Political economy; Critical race theory; Social movements; Frantz Fanon

Research Masters Degree Student Post-Doctoral Scholar Research interests: Energy and Research interests: Social telecommunications advocacy movements; Historical networking across Southern sociology; Globalisation; Food Africa system politics; Masculinity Senior Administrator

Post-Doctoral Scholar Post-Doctoral Scholar Research interests: Contemporary African thought; Finance Administrator Globalisation; Post-modernity; African Studies; Cultural Global-local networks; Epistemic studies; Literature; Gender communities; Technology and Studies; African sexualities; political change; Popular culture Complexity/complex adaptive systems theory 40 ANNUAL REPORT 2005 4.3 CENTRE FINANCES Income and Expenditure Report for the period 01 December 2004 to 31 December 2005

RRR

Income 5,709,958.11

Income from Funders 5,304,537.08 Atlantic Philanthropies 3,421,128.80 Harold Wolpe Memorial Trust 152,763.15 Embassy of Finland 1,062,435.13 National Development Agency 39,150.00 Foundation for Human Rights 300,000.00 SANPAD 118,000.00 National Research Foundation 211,060.00 CS MOTT Foundation (Received in 2004 - R 598,840.00)

Interest 405,421.03 Interest 2005 405,421.03

Less: Operating Expenditure 7,529,018.55

Staff Costs 2,051,635.36 Salaries 2,051,635.36

Supplies & Services 1,937,215.97 Administration Costs 972,515.71 Consultants 535,314.13 Travel & Accomodation 335,653.37 Workshops 82,972.76 Bursaries 10,760.00

Research 3,450,905.28 Research Grants Disbursed 2,910,694.07 Post/Doctoral Fellowship Grants Disbursed 540,211.21

Capital Expenditure 89,261.94 Furniture & Related Equipment 15,321.58 Computer & Related Equipment 73,940.36

Net Surplus/(Deficit) for the Period -1,819,060.44

Accumulated Balance as at 30 November 2004 9,976,131.16

Accumulated Balance at the end of the Period 8,157,070.72

CENTRE FOR CIVIL SOCIETY 41 ADVISORS, JANUARY 2006

CCS Management Committee · Ahmed Bawa · Patrick Bond · Sufian Bukurura · Julian May · Donal McCracken

CCS Advisory Committee · Zackie Achmat (Treatment Action Campaign) · Mercia Andrews (Trust for Community Outreach and Education) · Julian May (UKZN School of Development Studies) · Maluse Mpumlwana (Kellogg Foundation) · Xolani Tsalong (Treatment Action Campaign) · Phumelele Ntombela-Nzimande (South African Government Department of Communications) · Douglas Ramaphosa (ABSA Foundation) · Everjoice Win (Action Aid International)

CCS Research Board · Deborah Ewing (independent) · Gerald Kraak (Atlantic Philanthropies) · Martin Legassick (University of the Western Cape) · Laura Maxwell- Stuart (CAF) · David Moore (University of KwaZulu-Natal) · Andile Mngxitama (Foundation for Human Rights) · Vasu Reddy (University of KwaZulu-Natal) · Pearl Sithole (University of KwaZulu-Natal) · Rupert Taylor (University of the Witwatersrand) · Salim Vally (University of the Witwatersrand)

CCS Social Giving Advisory Committee · Mohamed Choonara (Africa Muslim Agency) · Bongi Makhibela (Nelson Mandela Children’s Fund) · Moshe More (independent) · Elliot Osrin (independent) · Ashwin Trikamjee (South Africa Hindu Maha Sabha)

The Library Design 42 The Bigger Picture