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National Artificial Intelligence R&D Strategic Plan: 2019 Update

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National Artificial Intelligence R&D Strategic Plan: 2019 Update THE NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIC PLAN: 2019 UPDATE A Report by the SELECT COMMITTEE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE of the NATIONAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL JUNE 2019 Dear Colleagues, In his State of the Union address on February 5, 2019, President Trump stressed the importance of ensuring American leadership in the development of emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), that make up the Industries of the Future. Reflecting this importance, on February 11, 2019, President Trump signed Executive Order 13859, which established the American Artificial Intelligence Initiative. This Initiative is a whole-of-government approach for maintaining American leadership in AI and ensuring that AI benefits the American people and reflects our Nation’s values. The first directive in this Executive Order is for Federal agencies to prioritize AI research and development (R&D) in their annual budgeting and planning process. The attached National AI R&D Strategic Plan: 2019 Update highlights the key priorities for Federal investment in AI R&D. Artificial intelligence presents tremendous opportunities that are leading to breakthroughs in improved healthcare, safer and more efficient transportation, personalized education, significant scientific discoveries, improved manufacturing, increased agricultural crop yields, better weather forecasting, and much more. These benefits are largely due to decades of long-term Federal investments in fundamental AI R&D, which have led to new theories and approaches for AI systems, as well as applied research that allows the translation of AI into practical applications. The landscape for AI R&D is becoming increasingly complex, due to the significant investments that are being made by industry, academia, and nonprofit organizations. Additionally, AI advancements are progressing rapidly. The Federal Government must therefore continually reevaluate its priorities for AI R&D investments, to ensure that investments continue to advance the cutting edge of the field and are not unnecessarily duplicative of industry investments. In August of 2018, the Administration directed the Select Committee on AI to refresh the 2016 National AI R&D Strategic Plan. This process began with the issuance of a Request for Information to solicit public input on ways that the strategy should be revised or improved. The responses to this RFI, as well as an independent agency review, informed this update to the Strategic Plan. In this Strategic Plan, eight strategic priorities have been identified. The first seven strategies continue from the 2016 Plan, reflecting the reaffirmation of the importance of these strategies by multiple respondents from the public and government, with no calls to remove any of the strategies. The eighth strategy is new and focuses on the increasing importance of effective partnerships between the Federal Government and academia, industry, other non-Federal entities, and international allies to generate technological breakthroughs in AI and to rapidly transition those breakthroughs into capabilities. While this Plan does not define specific research agendas for Federal agency investments, it does provide an expectation for the overall portfolio for Federal AI R&D investments. This coordinated Federal strategy for AI R&D will help the United States continue to lead the world in cutting-edge advances in AI that will grow our economy, increase our national security, and improve quality of life. Sincerely, Michael Kratsios Deputy Assistant to the President for Technology Policy June 21, 2019 THE NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE R&D STRATEGIC PLAN: 2019 UPDATE Table of Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................... iii Introduction to the 2019 National AI R&D Strategic Plan ........................................................................ 1 AI R&D Strategy .................................................................................................................................. 5 Strategy 1: Make Long-Term Investments in AI Research ........................................................................... 7 2019 Update: Sustaining long-term investments in fundamental AI research................................................... 7 Advancing data-focused methodologies for knowledge discovery ................................................................ 9 Enhancing the perceptual capabilities of AI systems....................................................................................... 9 Understanding theoretical capabilities and limitations of AI ........................................................................ 10 Pursuing research on general-purpose artificial intelligence........................................................................ 10 Developing scalable AI systems ...................................................................................................................... 11 Fostering research on human-like AI .............................................................................................................. 11 Developing more capable and reliable robots ............................................................................................... 11 Advancing hardware for improved AI ............................................................................................................. 12 Creating AI for improved hardware ................................................................................................................ 12 Strategy 2: Develop Effective Methods for Human-AI Collaboration ........................................................ 14 2019 Update: Developing AI systems that complement and augment human capabilities,with increasing focus on the future of work .................................................................................................................................14 Seeking new algorithms for human-aware AI ................................................................................................ 17 Developing AI techniques for human augmentation ..................................................................................... 17 Developing techniques for visualization and human-AI interfaces ............................................................... 18 Developing more effective language processing systems ............................................................................. 18 Strategy 3: Understand and Address the Ethical, Legal, and Societal Implications of AI ........................... 19 2019 Update: Addressing ethical, legal, and societal considerations in AI ...................................................... 19 Improving fairness, transparency, and accountability by design ................................................................. 21 Building ethical AI ............................................................................................................................................ 21 Designing architectures for ethical AI ............................................................................................................. 21 Strategy 4: Ensure the Safety and Security of AI Systems ........................................................................ 23 2019 Update: Creating robust and trustworthy AI systems .............................................................................. 23 Improving explainability and transparency ................................................................................................... 25 Building trust ................................................................................................................................................... 25 Enhancing verification and validation ............................................................................................................ 25 Securing against attacks ................................................................................................................................. 26 Achieving long-term AI safety and value-alignment ...................................................................................... 26 Strategy 5: Develop Shared Public Datasets and Environments for AI Training and Testing ..................... 27 2019 Update: Increasing access to datasets and associated challenges ........................................................ 27 Developing and making accessible a wide variety of datasets to meet the needs of a diverse spectrum of AI interests and applications ...................................................................................................................... 29 Making training and testing resources responsive to commercial and public interests .............................. 30 Developing open-source software libraries and toolkits ............................................................................... 30 Strategy 6: Measure and Evaluate AI Technologies through Standards and Benchmarks ......................... 32 2019 Update: Supporting development of AI technical standards and related tools ...................................... 32 Developing a broad spectrum of AI standards ............................................................................................... 33 Establishing AI technology benchmarks .......................................................................................................
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