Quorum Sensing by Yeast
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Inter Scientific Inquiry • Nature • Technology • Evolution • Research
Inter Scientific InquIry • nature • technology • evolutIon • research vol. 5 - august 2018 INTER SCIENTIFIC CONTENIDO CONTENTS MENSAJE DEL RECTOR/ MESSAGE FROM THE CHANCELLOR………………………………………………………..1 MENSAJE DE LA DECANA DE ASUNTOS ACADÉMICOS/ MESSAGE FROM THE DEAN OF ACADEMIC AFFAIRS………………………………………………………………………………………………1 DESDE EL ESCRITORIO DE LA EDITORA/ FROM THE EDITOR’S DESK…………………………………………....2 INVESTIGACIÓN/ RESEARCH ARTICLES………………………………………………………………………….....3-19 Host plant preference of Danaus plexippus larvae in the subtropical dry forest in Guánica, Puerto Rico………………………………………………………………………………………………......…3 Preferencia de plantas hospederas por parte de las larvas de Danaus plexippus en el bosque seco de Guánica, Puerto Rico López, Laysa, Santiago, Jonathan, and Puente-Rolón, Alberto Predatory behavior and prey preference of Leucauge sp. in Mayaguez, Puerto Rico……….…...7 Comportamiento de depredación y preferencia de presa de arañas del género Leucauge en Mayaguez, Puerto Rico Geli-Cruz, Orlando, Ramos-Maldonado, Frank, and Puente-Rolón, Alberto Construction and screening of soil metagenomic libraries: identification of hydrolytic metabolic activity………………………………………………………………………..……..…………....13 Construcción y prueba de bibliotecas metagenómicas de suelo: identificación de actividad metabólica hidrolítica Jiménez-Serrano, Edgar, Justiniano-Santiago, Jeydien, Reyes, Yazmin, Rosa-Matos, Raquel, Vélez- Cardona, Wilmarie, Huertas-Meléndez, Stephanie and Pagán-Jiménez, María LA INVESTIGACIÓN EN EL CAMPUS/ RESEARCH ON CAMPUS ……………………………………………………20 -
Pulse Generation in the Quorum Machinery of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
This is a repository copy of Pulse generation in the quorum machinery of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/116745/ Version: Published Version Article: Alfiniyah, Cicik Alfiniyah, Bees, Martin Alan and Wood, Andrew James orcid.org/0000- 0002-6119-852X (2017) Pulse generation in the quorum machinery of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology. pp. 1360-1389. ISSN 1522-9602 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11538-017-0288-z Reuse This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence. This licence allows you to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even commercially, as long as you credit the authors for the original work. More information and the full terms of the licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Bull Math Biol (2017) 79:1360–1389 DOI 10.1007/s11538-017-0288-z ORIGINAL ARTICLE Pulse Generation in the Quorum Machinery of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cicik Alfiniyah1,2 · Martin A. Bees1 · A. Jamie Wood1,3 Received: 28 September 2016 / Accepted: 3 May 2017 / Published online: 19 May 2017 © The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium that is responsible for a wide range of infections in humans. -
Major Evolutionary Transitions in Individuality COLLOQUIUM
PAPER Major evolutionary transitions in individuality COLLOQUIUM Stuart A. Westa,b,1, Roberta M. Fishera, Andy Gardnerc, and E. Toby Kiersd aDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom; bMagdalen College, Oxford OX1 4AU, United Kingdom; cSchool of Biology, University of St. Andrews, Dyers Brae, St. Andrews KY16 9TH, United Kingdom; and dInstitute of Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Edited by John P. McCutcheon, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, and accepted by the Editorial Board March 13, 2015 (received for review December 7, 2014) The evolution of life on earth has been driven by a small number broken down into six questions. We explore what is already known of major evolutionary transitions. These transitions have been about the factors facilitating transitions, examining the extent to characterized by individuals that could previously replicate inde- which we can generalize across the different transitions. Ultimately, pendently, cooperating to form a new, more complex life form. we are interested in the underlying evolutionary and ecological For example, archaea and eubacteria formed eukaryotic cells, and factors that drive major transitions. cells formed multicellular organisms. However, not all cooperative Defining Major Transitions groups are en route to major transitions. How can we explain why major evolutionary transitions have or haven’t taken place on dif- A major evolutionary transition has been most broadly defined as a change in the way that heritable information is stored and ferent branches of the tree of life? We break down major transi- transmitted (2). We focus on the major transitions that lead to a tions into two steps: the formation of a cooperative group and the new form of individual (Table 1), where the same problems arise, transformation of that group into an integrated entity. -
Production of Acyl-Homoserine Lactone Quorum-Sensing Signals Is Wide- Spread in Gram-Negative Methylobacterium
J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (2007), 17(2), 226–233 Production of Acyl-Homoserine Lactone Quorum-Sensing Signals is Wide- Spread in Gram-Negative Methylobacterium POONGUZHALI, SELVARAJ, MUNUSAMY MADHAIYAN, AND TONGMIN SA* Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Korea Received: August 2, 2006 Accepted: October 2, 2006 Abstract Members of Methylobacterium, referred as pink- knowledge on the Methylobacterium-plant interactions pigmented facultative methylotrophic bacteria, are frequently over the past two decades suggested interesting novel associated with terrestrial and aquatic plants, tending to form interactions between PPFMs and plants. Beneficial plant- aggregates on the phyllosphere. We report here that the production growth promoting bacteria interact with plants through of autoinducer molecules involved in the cell-to-cell signaling direct and indirect mechanisms. Direct mechanisms for the process, which is known as quorum sensing, is common among most part entail either providing the bacterial compounds Methylobacterium species. Several strains of Methylobacterium that promote plant growth or facilitating the uptake of were tested for their ability to produce N-acyl-homoserine nutrients; for example, production of phytohormones [9] lactone (AHL) signal molecules using different indicators. and siderophores [13]. The indirect effects occur through Most strains of Methylobacterium tested could elicit a suppression of one or more phytopathogenic microorganisms positive response in Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring through biocontrol [20] or induction of plant defense lacZ fused to a gene that is regulated by autoinduction. The enzymes [14]. Beneficial effects of plant-Methylobacterium synthesis of these compounds was cell-density dependent, and associations have been suggested to be due to production the maximal activity was reached during the late exponential of phytohormones [22] and enzymes such as 1- to stationary phases. -
Chemical Communication Among Bacteria
Colloquium Chemical communication among bacteria Michiko E. Taga and Bonnie L. Bassler* Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014 Cell–cell communication in bacteria is accomplished through the Low GϩC Gram-positive bacteria typically use modified exchange of chemical signal molecules called autoinducers. This oligopeptides as autoinducers (15–17). These signals are gener- process, called quorum sensing, allows bacteria to monitor their ically referred to as autoinducing polypeptides (AIPs) (Fig. 1B). environment for the presence of other bacteria and to respond to AIPs are produced in the cytoplasm as precursor peptides and fluctuations in the number and͞or species present by altering are subsequently cleaved, modified, and exported. AIPs specif- particular behaviors. Most quorum-sensing systems are species- or ically interact with the external domains of membrane-bound group-specific, which presumably prevents confusion in mixed- two-component sensor kinase proteins. Interaction of the auto- species environments. However, some quorum-sensing circuits inducer with its cognate sensor stimulates the kinase activity of control behaviors that involve interactions among bacterial spe- the sensor kinase protein, resulting in the phosphorylation of its cies. These quorum-sensing circuits can involve both intra- and partner response regulator protein. The phosphorylated re- interspecies communication mechanisms. Finally, anti-quorum- sponse regulator protein binds DNA and alters the transcription sensing strategies are present in both bacteria and eukaryotes, and of target genes. Some examples of behaviors controlled by AIP these are apparently designed to combat bacteria that rely on quorum-sensing systems include genetic competence and sporu- cell–cell communication for the successful adaptation to particular lation in Bacillus subtilis (18, 19), competence for DNA uptake niches. -
Isolation of the Autoinducer-Quenching Strain That Inhibits Lasr in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15, 6328-6342; doi:10.3390/ijms15046328 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Article Isolation of the Autoinducer-Quenching Strain that Inhibits LasR in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lixing Weng 1,*, Yuqian Zhang 2, Yuxiang Yang 3 and Lianhui Wang 2,* 1 School of Geography and Biological Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, China 2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, China; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; E-Mail: [email protected] * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: [email protected] (L.We.); [email protected] (L.Wa.); Tel./Fax: +86-25-8586-6634 (L.We.); Tel.: +86-25-8586-6333 (L.Wa.); Fax: +86-25-8586-6396 (L.Wa.). Received: 4 July 2013; in revised form: 21 March 2014 / Accepted: 28 March 2014 / Published: 14 April 2014 Abstract: Quorum sensing (QS) has been recognized as a general phenomenon in microorganisms and plays an important role in many pathogenic bacteria. In this report, we used the Agrobacterium tumefaciens biosensor strain NT1 to rapidly screen for autoinducer-quenching inhibitors from bacteria. After initial screening 5389 isolates obtained from land and beach soil, 53 putative positive strains were identified. A confirmatory bioassay was carried out after concentrating the putative positive culture supernatant, and 22 strains were confirmed to have anti-LasR activity. -
A Model of Symmetry Breaking in Collective Decision-Making
A Model of Symmetry Breaking in Collective Decision-Making Heiko Hamann1, Bernd Meyer2, Thomas Schmickl1, and Karl Crailsheim1 1 Artificial Life Lab of the Dep. of Zoology, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Austria {heiko.hamann, thomas.schmickl, karl.crailsheim}@uni-graz.at 2 FIT Centre for Research in Intelligent Systems, Monash University, Melbourne [email protected] Abstract. Symmetry breaking is commonly found in self-organized col- lective decision making. It serves an important functional role, specifi- cally in biological and bio-inspired systems. The analysis of symmetry breaking is thus an important key to understanding self-organized deci- sion making. However, in many systems of practical importance avail- able analytic methods cannot be applied due to the complexity of the scenario and consequentially the model. This applies specifically to self- organization in bio-inspired engineering. We propose a new modeling approach which allows us to formally analyze important properties of such processes. The core idea of our approach is to infer a compact model based on stochastic processes for a one-dimensional symmetry parameter. This enables us to analyze the fundamental properties of even complex collective decision making processes via Fokker–Planck theory. We are able to quantitatively address the effectiveness of symmetry breaking, the stability, the time taken to reach a consensus, and other parameters. This is demonstrated with two examples from swarm robotics. 1 Introduction Self-organization is one of the fundamental mechanism used in nature to achieve flexible and adaptive behavior in unpredictable environments [1]. Particularly collective decision making in social groups is often driven by self-organizing pro- cesses. -
Quorum Sensing
SBT1103 / MICROBIOLOGY / UNIT V / BIOTECH/BIOMED/BIOINFO II SEMESTER / I YEAR UNIT – V APPLICATIONS OF MICROBIOLOGY 1 SBT1103 / MICROBIOLOGY / UNIT V / BIOTECH/BIOMED/BIOINFO II SEMESTER / I YEAR Microbial ecology The great plate count anomaly. Counts of cells obtained via cultivation are orders of magnitude lower than those directly observed under the microscope. This is because microbiologists are able to cultivate only a minority of naturally occurring microbes using current laboratory techniques, depending on the environment.[1] Microbial ecology (or environmental microbiology) is the ecology of microorganisms: their relationship with one another and with their environment. It concerns the three major domains of life—Eukaryota, Archaea, and Bacteria—as well as viruses. Microorganisms, by their omnipresence, impact the entire biosphere. Microbial life plays a primary role in regulating biogeochemical systems in virtually all of our planet's environments, including some of the most extreme, from frozen environments and acidic lakes, to hydrothermal vents at the bottom of deepest oceans, and some of the most familiar, such as the human small intestine.[3][4] As a consequence of the quantitative magnitude of microbial life (Whitman and coworkers calculated 5.0×1030 cells, eight orders of magnitude greater than the number of stars in the observable universe[5][6]) microbes, by virtue of their biomass alone, constitute a significant carbon sink.[7] Aside from carbon fixation, microorganisms’ key collective metabolic processes (including -
Quorum Sensing in Bacteria
17 Aug 2001 12:48 AR AR135-07.tex AR135-07.SGM ARv2(2001/05/10) P1: GDL Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 2001. 55:165–99 Copyright c 2001 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved QUORUM SENSING IN BACTERIA Melissa B. Miller and Bonnie L. Bassler Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-1014; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Key Words autoinducer, homoserine lactone, two-component system, cell-cell communication, virulence ■ Abstract Quorum sensing is the regulation of gene expression in response to fluctuations in cell-population density. Quorum sensing bacteria produce and release chemical signal molecules called autoinducers that increase in concentration as a function of cell density. The detection of a minimal threshold stimulatory con- centration of an autoinducer leads to an alteration in gene expression. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria use quorum sensing communication circuits to regulate a diverse array of physiological activities. These processes include symbiosis, virulence, competence, conjugation, antibiotic production, motility, sporulation, and biofilm for- mation. In general, Gram-negative bacteria use acylated homoserine lactones as au- toinducers, and Gram-positive bacteria use processed oligo-peptides to communicate. Recent advances in the field indicate that cell-cell communication via autoinducers occurs both within and between bacterial species. Furthermore, there is mounting data suggesting that bacterial autoinducers elicit specific responses from host organisms. Although the nature of the chemical signals, the signal relay mechanisms, and the target genes controlled by bacterial quorum sensing systems differ, in every case the ability to communicate with one another allows bacteria to coordinate the gene expression, and therefore the behavior, of the entire community. -
Making Informed Decisions: Regulatory Interactions Between Two-Component Systems
Review TRENDS in Microbiology Vol.11 No.8 August 2003 359 Making informed decisions: regulatory interactions between two-component systems Jetta J.E. Bijlsma and Eduardo A. Groisman Department of Molecular Microbiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8230, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA Bacteria experience a multitude of stresses in the com- phosphorylate from small molecular weight phosphoryl plex niches they inhabit. These stresses are denoted by donors, such as acetyl phosphate and carbamoyl phos- specific signals that typically alter the activity of individ- phate [3,4]. In addition, the vast majority of sensor kinases ual two-component regulatory systems. Processing of exhibit phosphatase activity towards their cognate multiple signals by different two-component systems response regulators. Although most two-component sys- occurs when multiple sensors interact with a single tems entail a single His-to-Asp phosphotransfer event response regulator, by phosphatases interrupting phos- between a histidine kinase and a response regulator, there phoryl transfer in phosphorelays and through transcrip- is a subset that consists of a three-step His-Asp-His-Asp tional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Gaining phosphorelay (Fig. 1b) [1,2]. The extra phosphorylatable insight into these mechanisms provides an understand- domains in a phosphorelay can be present in separate ing at the molecular level of bacterial adaptation to ever proteins or be part of multi-domain (i.e. -
Characterisation of the ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters Of
Characterisation Of The ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters Of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Victoria Grace Pederick Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide October 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... V DECLARATION .................................................................................................................... VII COPYRIGHT STATEMENT ................................................................................................ VIII ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................. IX TABLE OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. XII TABLE OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... XIII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................... XV CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa ........................................................................................... 1 1.1.1. P. aeruginosa and human disease ......................................................................... 1 1.1.1.1. Cystic -
A Biophysical Limit for Quorum Sensing in Biofilms
A biophysical limit for quorum sensing in biofilms Avaneesh V. Narlaa , David Bruce Borensteinb, and Ned S. Wingreenc,d,1 aDepartment of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92092; bPrivate address, Maplewood NJ, 07040; cDepartment of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544; and dLewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 Edited by E. Peter Greenberg, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, and approved April 8, 2021 (received for review November 1, 2020) Bacteria grow on surfaces in complex immobile communities against chemicals and predators, and facilitating horizontal gene known as biofilms, which are composed of cells embedded in transfer. an extracellular matrix. Within biofilms, bacteria often interact In simple models of biofilms that incorporate realistic with members of their own species and cooperate or compete reaction-diffusion effects, Xavier and Foster (19) found that with members of other species via quorum sensing (QS). QS is matrix production allows cells to push descendants outward a process by which microbes produce, secrete, and subsequently from a surface into a more O2-rich environment. Consequently, detect small molecules called autoinducers (AIs) to assess their they found that matrix production provides a strong competitive local population density. We explore the competitive advantage advantage to cell lineages by suffocating neighboring nonpro- of QS through agent-based simulations of a spatial model in ducing cells (19). Building upon this work, Nadell et al. (20) which colony expansion via extracellular matrix production pro- showed that strategies that employ QS to deactivate matrix vides greater access to a limiting diffusible nutrient.